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英语专业英国文学总结

英语专业英国文学总结
英语专业英国文学总结

一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)

1、这个时期的文学作品分类:pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)

2、头韵体代表作:The Song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法【Alliteration 押头韵(写作手法)和metaphor暗语understatement婉转表达】

3、散文Bede比德Alfred

二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)

1、romance 传奇文学

佚名诗人:代表作:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗

2、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期

① the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父

②heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)

③代表作:the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)

3、Langland 朗格兰Piers the plowman《农夫彼尔斯》

4、Malory 马罗礼Le Morte D'Arthur亚瑟王之死

5、Popular Ballads大众民谣:a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed 代表人物:Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教

代表作:Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔

三、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期

十四行诗sonnet和对白体无韵诗(主体)

1、key work: humanism 人文主义:admire human beauty and human achievement

2、代表人物:

(第一阶段)

1)、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔Utopia 乌托邦Book two is more important

2)、Wyatt 魏阿特1st man to introduce into England sonnet

3)、Surrey 萨利1st man to reform sonnet/ to use blank verse/ to use sonnet series

(二、伊莉沙白时代:)

4)、Sidney 锡特尼(田园)阿斯特罗菲尔与斯黛拉Astrophel and Stella

Apology for poetry 诗辨(人文主义、文学批评)

5)Spenser斯宾塞(田园)poet's poet

① The Faerie Queene仙后(epic poem 史诗) The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历

② Amoretti爱情小唱Epithalamion婚后曲

Colin Clouts Come Home Againe柯林?克劳特回来了

Foure Hymnes四首赞美歌

6)、Lyly 李雷Euphues 尤菲倚斯

7)、Marlowe马洛(戏剧)

Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧(代表作)desire for knowledge

Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝desire for power

The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人desire for money

blank verse(无韵体:不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。8)、William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚1564~1616 戏剧drama

四大悲剧:Hamlet(哈姆雷特),Othello(奥赛罗),King Lear(李尔王),The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)

⑴ the first period(历史剧)

Henry IV

Richard III

The Comedy Of Errors

Titus Andronicus

The Taming Of The Shrew

The Two Gentlemen Of The Verona

Love’S Labour’S Lost

Romeo And Juliet罗密欧与朱利叶

⑵ the second period(四大喜剧)

A Midsummer Night’S Dream仲夏夜之梦

Merchant Of Venice威尼斯商人

As You Like It皆大欢喜

Twelfth Night 第十二夜

Richard II

King John

Henry IV亨利四世

Much Ado About Nothing Julius Caesar尤利乌斯?凯撒

⑶ The Third Period(四大悲剧)Hamlet哈姆雷特

Othello 奥赛罗

King Lear 李尔王

Macbeth麦克白

Antony And Cleopatra安东尼与克里奥佩特拉Troilus And Cressida

Timon Of Athens

⑷ The Fourth Period(传奇剧miracle)Pericles泰尔亲王佩里克斯

Cymbeline辛白林

The Winter’S Tale 冬天的故事

The Tempest暴风雨

Henry Viii

⑸ Poetry:

Venus And Adonis;

The Rape Of Lucrece (Venus And Lucrece); The Passionate Pilgrim,

The Sonnets

(第三阶段:)

9)、John Donne 约翰.多恩“metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的创始人物

Songs and sonnets 歌曲与十四行诗

10)、Herbert 赫伯特the saint of the metaphysical school诗圣

11)、Marvell 马韦尔结合玄学派和古典主义

12)、Ben Jonson本琼生[气质喜剧comedies of humous ] 戏剧

volpone 福尔蓬纳

The Alchemist 炼金术士Bartholomew Fair 巴索洛谬市场

13)、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根第一个散文家(essayist)

Advancement of Learning学术的推进

Novum Organum新工具Essays随笔

14)、Cavalier Poets王党诗人

①Suckling 萨克林②Lovelace 拉夫罗斯

③Carew卡利④Herrick 赫里克

四、the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟

prose 散文

1、文学特点:the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals. 清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。

2、代表人物

1)、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿(poem 诗歌blank verse )

《Defense for the English People》为英国人辩护

代表作:《Paradise Lost》失乐园“Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人

《Paradise Regained》复乐园

2 )、John Bunyan 约翰.班扬

Pilgrim’s Progress》天路历程prose 散文allegory(寓言)

3)、John Dryden约翰?德莱顿1631~1700

文学评论:An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 论戏剧诗

All for Love一切为了爱情

政治讽刺诗:Absalom and Achitophel押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔

五、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪) 启蒙运动

1、提倡“自由、平等、民生”liberty,equality,democracy

2、代表人物:

【第一阶段the moderate group 温和派】

1)、Pope 蒲伯新古典主义Neo-classicalism的代表

Paslord poems田园诗:Windsor Forest温莎林

哲理诗:Essay on man 人论—作者自己认为的杰作

教诲诗:Essay on Criticism论批评

讽刺诗:The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记---专家认为的杰作

②Moral Essays道德论Essay on Man人论The Dunciad愚人记

2)、Steel斯蒂尔和Addison 艾迪生

Prose periodical literature 报刊文学

合作创办:the tatler 闲谈者the spectator 旁观者

3)、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福realistic novel 现实主义小说的奠基人之一

Novel:《Robinson Crusoe》鲁宾逊漂流记

《Jonathan Wild》乔纳森.威尔德《Moll Flanders》摩尔.弗兰德斯

【第二阶段the democratic group民主派】

4)、Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔.理查逊小说书信形式epistolary form

代表作:《Pamela, or virtue rewarded》帕美拉或贞洁有报

第一部The method of psychological analysis 心理分析的方法

克拉里莎Clarissa Clarissa Harhowe 查尔斯格兰迪生

5)、Fielding .菲尔丁father of modern fiction(现代小说之父)

①《Joseph Andrews》约瑟夫.安德鲁斯受到了理查森的《帕美勒》的启发

作家之间的不同:Richardson —— no humor, minces words, moralizes. 不幽默,咬文嚼字,说教Fielding —— direct, vigorous, hilarious, and coarse to the point of vulgarity,full of animal spirits, tells the story of a vagabond life 语言直接、生动、欢快、粗糙,甚至有点俗,精神焕发,讲述流浪者的故事。

《The History of Tom Jones, a foundling》弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事the best novel of him

艾米利亚Amelia 大伟人江耐生魏尔得Jonathan Wild

6)、Smollett 斯摩莱特流浪汉小说

海上小说RR和PP

陆上小说HC 代表作

7)、Samuel Johnson塞缪尔?约翰逊

①Dictionary =The Dictionary of English Language英语辞典

The Lives of Great Poets诗人传② The Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望之虚幻

A Letter To His Patron文人脱离贵族保护的宣言书

8)、James Boswell

Life Of Johnson

9)、Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特1667~1745

Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记反讽的手法

A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议

A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事

【第三阶段:】

感伤主义sentimentalism:

10)、Goldsmith格尔德斯密斯

① poems The Traveller旅游人 / The Deserted Village荒村新古典向浪漫主义过度

② novel The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传

③ plays The Good Natured Man好心人 She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱

④ essays The Citizens of the World世界公民——中国来信Chinese letters

11)、Sterne 斯特恩感伤主义小说家代表

The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy 特里斯项迪的生平与见解

A sentimental journey 感伤的旅行

墓地诗人

12)、Thomas Gray 托马斯.格雷《Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard》墓园挽歌13)、William Blake威廉?布莱克最复杂、最有个性

①Songs of Innocence天真之歌Songs of Experience经验之歌

The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻

14)、Sheridan谢尔丹风俗喜剧comedy of manners

《School for Scandal》造谣学校朱离巷戏院

The rivals 情敌科文加登戏院

Pre-romanticism 先浪漫主义

15)、Thomas Percy 柏西collection

英国古诗遗Reliques of Ancient English poetry

16)、James Macpherson 麦克菲生collection +forgery 欧辛集Ossian

17)、Thomas Chatterton 杰托顿forgery 罗雷诗抄the Rowley Papers

18)、Robert Burns 彭斯农民诗人

A red red rose一朵红红的玫瑰

六、the Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义

1、教育意义Educational:liberty, equality and fraternity 自由,平等,博爱

2、开始的标志:beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth’s 《Lyrical Ballads》【Passive Romanticists :保守浪漫主义】

1)、William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯lake poets湖畔诗人poet-laureate 桂冠诗人

Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集

The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女

《The Prelude》序曲自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry

2)Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔?泰勒?科尔律治lake poets湖畔诗人代表作:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子颂 /老水手之歌

Christabel柯里斯塔贝尔Kubla Khan忽必烈汗

Frost at Night半夜冰霜Dejection, an Ode忧郁颂

3)、Southey 骚塞最年轻的lake poets湖畔诗人poet-laureate 桂冠诗人不规律诗体短诗the Battle of Blenheim

长诗Thalaba the Destroyer

[Active Romanticists 激进浪漫主义]

4)、George Gordon Byron乔治?戈登?拜伦

①Don Juan唐?璜

Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰尔德?哈罗德尔游记

5)、Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱

《Prometheus Unbound》解放的普罗米修斯drama 戏剧

《Ode to the West Wind》西风颂poem 诗

6)、John Keats约翰?济慈

《The Eve of St. Agnes》圣阿格良斯之夜poem

Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂

Ode to Autumn秋颂

7)、Jane Austen 简.奥斯丁

《Pride and Prejudice》傲慢与偏见

《Sense and Sensibility》理智与情感《Emma》爱玛

【城市浪漫主义City Romanticists 散文】

8)、、Charles Lamb 查尔斯.兰伯essayist散文家

The essays of eliot 伊利亚文集Dream children;梦中儿女

Tales from Shakespeare 莎士比亚戏剧故事集

9)、Hazlitt 赫兹里特

The characters of Shakespeare's Plays the spirit of the age

Table talk闲谈集sketches and essays素描与文集

七、Critical Realism 批判现实主义,Victorian Period 维多利亚时期humanism 人文主义

1、代表人物:

1)、Charles Dickens 狄更斯

《Hard Times》艰难时刻《Pickwick Papers》匹克威克外传

《Oliver Twist》雾都孤儿《A Tale of Two Cities》双城记(描述了法国大革命2)、Charlotte Bronte 夏洛特.勃郎特

《Shirley》雪利《Jane Eyre》简.爱

3)、Emily Bronte 艾米丽.勃郎特

《Wuthering Heights》呼啸山庄

4)、George Eliot 乔治.艾略特

《Adam Bede》novel 亚当比德--杰作

《The mill on the floss》弗洛斯河上的磨坊

5)、William Makepeace Thackeray威廉?麦克匹斯?萨克雷1811~1863

Vanity Fair名利场

6)、Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德?丁尼生

In Memoriam悼念

Break, Break, Break冲击、冲击、冲击

Idylls of the King国王叙事诗

7)、 William morris 威廉莫里斯

News From Nowhere 乌有乡消息 A Dream Of John Ball梦见。。。

8)、Thomas Hardy托马斯?哈代1840~1928

⑴ Novels

Tess Of The D’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝 Jude The Obscure无名的裘德

Far from the madding crowd 远离尘嚣

⑵ Poems The Dynasts 列国

9)、George Bernard Shaw乔治?伯纳?萧

Mrs Warren’S Profession华伦夫人的职业

Widowers’ Houses 鳏夫的房产

10)、Oscar Wilde奥斯卡?王尔德

① 4 Comedies The Importance Of Being Earnest认真的重要

Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫

A Woman Of No Importance一个无足轻重的女人

八、The 20th Century

1)、John Galworthy高尔斯华绥

① The Forsyte Saga福尔赛世家:

he Man Of Property 有产者In Chancery 进退维谷To Let 出租

②A Modern Comedy现代喜剧:

The White Monkey白猿; The Silver Spoon银匙; Swan Song天鹅曲

③Plays

The Silver Box 银盒子Strife 战争

心理小说:

2)、David Herbert Lawrence戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯1885~1930

Sons And Lovers儿子与情人

代表作:The Rainbow虹

Women In Love恋爱中的女人

Lady Chatterley’s Lover查特莱夫人的情人

意识流

3)James Joyce詹姆斯?乔伊斯

Ulysses尤利西斯Dubliners都柏林人

A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man一个青年艺术家的肖像

Finnegans Wake芬尼根的苏醒

4)、Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅?沃尔芙

⑴ Novels

Mrs Dalloway达洛维夫人The Window

To The Lighthouse到灯塔去Time Passes

The Waves浪The Lighthouse

意象主义小说

5)、William Butler Yeats威廉?勃特勒?叶茨1865~1939

The Wind Among The Reeds 苇风

The Wild Swans At Coole 库尔的野天Sailing To Byzantium 到拜占庭航行6)、Thomas Sterns Eliot

he Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock

The Waste Land

The four quartets

英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。

(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档

英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵) Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400 (首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

英国文学史期末复习重点

英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates(海盗). They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1)T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.

自考英美文学选读要点总结整理出考点26位作家完整教学内容

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考26位作家) [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period(14世纪至十七世纪中叶)文艺复兴 1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心,人是万物之灵。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命,人可以不断发展完善自己,而且世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑,探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔,克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用,语言的力度与气概,而最重要的是发展了修辞模式,即将格律,韵脚(式),组织结构,意象(比喻,描述)与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题,并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛,威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。(III)William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段,他创作了五部历史剧:《亨利六世》,《理查三世》,《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧:《错误的戏剧》,《维洛那二绅士》,《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段,他写了五部历史剧:《理查三世》,《约翰王》,《亨利四世》,《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》,《威尼斯商人》,《无事生非》,《皆大欢喜》,《第十二夜》,《温莎的风流娘儿们》,还有两部悲剧:《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。 19. Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧(或悲喜剧),悲剧有:《哈姆雷特》,《奥赛罗》,《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。 20. The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧:《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。 22. Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题:在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家,统一是非常必要的。 23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are

英国文学复习总结

英国文学复习总结详解 Part one:Early and medieval English literature 1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》------the national epic of the English people ,it is also the epic of the Anglo-Saxon.(P3) 2.The name of the terrible monster------Grendel(格伦德尔)(P3) 3.the most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration(头韵),others are metaphor (暗喻)and understatement(保守陈述)(P5) 4The Norman Conquest (诺曼征服)marks the establishment of feudalism in England. (P6) 5.The romance(传奇文学)(P8) The most popular of literature in fedual England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The hero of the romance was the the knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons. It was written for the noble class(贵族的文学) Romances falls into three cycles : “matters of Britain”( adventures of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table),“matters of France” (Emperor Charlemagne and his peers) “matters of Rome”. (Alexander the Great and so for th) 6. William Langland威廉·朗兰------ Piers the Plowman《耕者皮尔斯》(P11) 7.The ballads(民谣)(P17) The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.It is a story told in song ,usually in 4-line stanzas [?st?nz?],with the second and fourth lines rhymed. It was written for common people(平民文学). The subjects of ballads are various in kind,as the struggle of young loves against their feudal-minded families,the conflict between love and wealth ,the cruelty of envy,the criticism of the civil war,and the matters of class struggle. The most famous ballads are the ballads of Robin Hood. 8.Geoffrey Chaucer’ Contributions <1>Father of English poetry in 14th century. Chaucer introduces from France the rhymed stanzas of various types instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse,especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter(the heroic couplet) to English poetry.(P26) <2>Chaucer is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. His production of so much excellent poetry is an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country.He did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.(P26) <3>the founder of English realism(P23) The Prologue(序言)suppies a miniature of the English so ciety of Chaucer’s time <4>. he forerunner of humanisim (P24 倒数第二行) 9.Geoffrey Chaucer died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)thus founding the “Poets’ Corner”..(P20) 10.The Romaunt of the Rose(translated from Franch)《玫瑰传奇》 Troilus and Criseyde(adapted from the Italian)《特洛勒斯和克莱西》 10. Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟------The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 The tales of the Knight,the Pardoner(卖赎罪券者),the Nun’s Priest (尼姑的牧师),the Wife of Bath,together with the Prologue,are the best of the whole collection.(P24)(了解一下) Part two:The English renaissance

英国文学总结

英国文学总结: 一:The Anglo-Saxon period(央格鲁萨克逊时期)(450----1066) 1. First Anglo-Saxon poet: Caedom. 2. Two highlights in the development of the Anglo-Saxon literature-----Northumbrian school and Wessex literature 3. “Father of English History” is Venerable Bede. “英国历史之父” 代表作:The Ecclesiastical History of the English People 4. The king Alfred:代表作:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle He created a style of Anglo-Saxon prose which was not obscure. 他创造了Anglo-Saxon散文体。 5. Anglo-Saxon poetry: Beowulf《贝奥武夫》( national and religion epic) A mixture of paganism(异教) and Christian elements. 二:The Norman Period (1066---1350) =The Medieval Period 1. Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages. (1): the matter of France: the exploits of Charlemagne the great and Roland, Chanson de Roland (2): the matter of Rome: Alexander the great and the Great and the siege of troy. (3): the matter of British: the Arthurian legend: Sir Gawain, Launcelot, Merlin, the death of King Arthur. 三:The Age of Chaucer(乔叟时代) (1350----1440) 1.John Wycliff:Father of English prose“英国散文之父”, translate the Bible into standard English. 2.William Langland: Piers Plowman《农夫彼尔斯》Form: Allegory寓言 3.Geoffrey Chaucer:The Father of English Poetry“英国诗歌之父”,首创“heroic couplets”英雄双韵体,首次用伦敦方言写作,被葬在:Westminster Abbey Works divided three periods: A: 1360—1372: French literature: The book of the Duchess B: 1372---1836: Italian literature: Troilus and Criseyde adapted from Boccaccio The Decameron C: the last fifteen year of his life: The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 四:The Fifteen Century (1400----1550) 1.Ballds(歌谣) became an important feature in the 15th. The most popular is the Robin Hood Ballads.五:The English Renaissance (1550—1642) 1.Edmund Spenser斯宾塞:The poet’s poet 诗人的诗人 代表作:The Shepherds Calendar《牧羊人日记》 The Faerie Queene《仙后》 Amoretti《爱情小唱》 2. Christopher Marlow马洛创造了无韵体/素体诗“blank verse”, 代表作:Tumburlaine《帖木儿大帝》 The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德斯博士的悲剧》 3. William Shakespeare莎士比亚 代表作:two narrative poems: Venus and Adonis The rape of Lucrece 四部悲剧:Othello Macbeth Hamlet King Lear 四部喜剧:As you like it《皆大欢喜》Mid-summer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》 六:The Seventeenth Century (1603---1688) 1.Francis Bacon培根:father of science 科学之父 First English essayist 第一位随笔作家 The founder of English materialist philosophy唯物主义哲学开拓者 代表作:Essay《随笔》----of studies《论学习》

英国文学选读知识总结

Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) 乔叟He was born in 1343 in London. He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.The father of English Poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.“The Canterbury Tales” (1387-1400) It is Chaucer?s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature. Chaucer’s Contribution to English Literature Chaucer is regarded as the founder of English poetry and has been called “the founder of English realism.” He is the firs t great poet who wrote in the English language. He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the “heroic couplet” (英雄双韵体) to English poetry.His masterpiece “The Canterbury T ales” is one of the monumental works in English literature 公爵夫人之书,百鸟议会,声誉之堂,特罗勒思和克里西德 Structure of a poem: A poem can be broken down into three parts: (1) Stanza (节) : a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem. It is the poetic equivalent of a paragraph in prose. In traditional poems, the stanza usually contains a unit of thought.(2) The line (行) : a single line of poetry (3) The foot (音步) : a syllable or a group of 2 or 3 syllables. T o scan a line of poetry one counts the number of feet in a line. For a beginner, the easiest thing to do is to count the number of stresses. Typically a foot will contain a stressed and an unstressed syllable. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)playwright, poet, actor.Shakespeare and Aeschylus are the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known.—Carl Marks.The Great Tragedies: 《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet,1601 ) 《奥赛罗》(Othello, 1604) 《李尔王》(King Lear, 1605) 《麦克白》(Macbeth, 1606) The Great Comedies威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice, 1596) 《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night's Dream,1596) 《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night, 1600) 《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It, 1601) Shakespeare’s car eer as a dramatist may be divided into four major phases.: The First Period(1590-1594) This period is the period of his apprenticeship in play-writing. Works: Henry VI The Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》/《连环错》Love?s Labor?s Lost 《迷失的爱》/《空爱一场》/《爱的徒劳》Romeo and Juliet, etc. The Second Period (1595-1600) This period is his mature period, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. It includes 6 comedies, 5 historical plays and 1 Roman tragedy. His sonnets are also thought to be written in this period. The Third Period (1601-1607) The third period of Shakespeare?s dramatic career is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. It includes 5 tragedies, 3 comedies and 2 Roman tragedies.Major works written in this period:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra The Fourth Period (1608-1612) The fourth period of Shakespeare?s work is the period of romantic drama. It includes 4 romances or “reconciliation(和解,复合)plays”. Shakespeare’s Literary Position:Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers in world literature. Hamlet:Hamle t is considered the summit of Shakespeare?s art. It is one of Shakespeare?s canon, and it is universally included in the list of the world?s greatest works.It?s written in the form of blank verse.blank verse : poetry in rhymeless iambic pentameter.(素体诗剧)The story, coming from an old Danish legend, is a tragedy of the “revenge” genre. Shakespeare incorporates into the medieval story other major humanistic themes, including love, justice, good and evil, and most notably, madness, and the spirit of the time Injustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society。1. first blow: father?s murder and mother?s re-marriage2.second blow: betrayal of his two former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern3. third blow: betrayal of his girl friend OpheliaThe greatness o f the play: in praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived.

英国文学总结表

英国文学总结表

History of English Literature Historic al period Liter ary Perio d Repres entative writer s Representati ve works Signifi cance Old English (410-10 66) Anglo -Saxo n (poetr y) Beowulf The national epic of the English people. Mediev al Englan d (1066-1 400) (The Wars of Roses, Foundi ng of the Medi eval / Midd le Engli sh (poetr y, roma nce and balla Geoffre y Chauce r Canterbury Tales (masterpiece ), The House of Fame, Troilus and Criseyde, The parliament of fowls. The founder / father of English poetry, and the earliest forerunner of realism. The Arthurian legends: Sir Gawain and the

Tudor Dynasty ) d) Green Knight Robin Hood Ballads: Lytell Geste of Robin Hood《罗宾 汉英雄事迹 小唱》 The Pre- Elizabet han and Elizabet han Ages (1400-1 603) (The Reform ation and the Enclosu Renai ssanc e (Hum anism ) (Poet ry and dram a) Thomas More Utopia The forerunner of modern socialist thought. Edmun d Spenser The Faerie Queene (Spenserian stanza) He has great influences on all the later poets. Christo pher Marlow e Tamburlaine 《铁木耳转》 Dr. Faustus 《浮士德悲 剧》The Jew The greatest pioneer of English drama. He reformed the

英国文学简史知识点摘要

First Part: Terms 1.Romance:The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance. It was a long compasition, sometimes in verses, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventure of a noble hero. The central character of romances was the knights, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons. He was devoted to the church and the king. The code of manners and morals of a knight is known as chivalry. The most popular romance is about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.(P8) 2.Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. Of paramount importance are the ballads of Robin Hood.(P17) 3.Utopia:Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversaion. It is devided into two books. The first book contains a long discussion on the social conditions of England. The second book describes an ideal communist society, Utopia, in detail. The name “Utopia” comes from two Greek words meaning “no place”.(P33) 4.University Wits: There was a group of so-called “university wits”(Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash) who wrote for the stage of the time. They were all of humble birth and struggled for a livelihood through writing. They entered the dramatic circle between the years 1587 nd 1593.(P49) 5.Metaphysical: About the beginning of the 17th centuary appeared a school of poets called “Metaphysicals”by Samuel Johnson, the 18th centuary writter.(P116) Second Part: Poets, Arthors, Playwrites and Works 1.Beowulf: one long poem over 3,000 lines. It is the national epic of the English people.(P3) Features of Boewulf: the use of alliteration,the use of metaphors and of understatements, the tinge of ironical humour.(P5) 2.Piers the Plowman and Its Author: a long poem over7,000 lines, written by William Langland.(P11) Artistic Features: dream vision, allegory uses symbolism, realistic picture of medieval England(P15) 3.Chaucer:Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry (father of English

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