英汉语言对比与翻译作业
英汉语言对比与翻译作业
1. It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.
翻译：认为自己的思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念头。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。
2. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.
翻译：他有一种令人不安的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。
3．While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat coachman in a
three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour. (Thackeray)翻译：(当时)这个世纪刚过了十几年。六月的一天早上，天气晴朗。契息克林阴道上平克顿女子学校的大铁门前面来了一辆宽敞的私人马车。拉车的两匹肥马套着雪亮的马具，一个肥胖的车夫带了假头发和三角帽子，赶车子的速度是一小时四英里。（萨克雷）
4.It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver.
翻译：长期以来，大家都知道心脏与肝脏的关系最为密切。
5.An illustration is furnished by an editorial in the Washington Post.
翻译：《华盛顿邮报》的一篇社论提供了一个例子。
6.The challenge from the Third World has always been foreseen by our shipping companies.
翻译：我们的海运公司总能预见来自第三世界的挑战。
7. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.
翻译：这位曾使全世界发出笑声的人自己却饱受辛酸。
8. A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in.
翻译：伴随着一团雪茄烟雾，欧吉维进屋了。”
9. “Hi! Hi!” said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler.
翻译：“嗨！嗨！”出租车司机一瞅见有客人就叫道，同时碰地一声打开车门。
10．I am afraid of your misunderstanding me.
翻译：我害怕你误解我。
11. A woman with fair opportunities, and without an absolute hump
may marry whom she likes.
翻译：一个女人只要不是驼背驼得厉害，机会好的话，想嫁给谁就嫁给谁。
12. A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is
changed and a new substance is formed.
翻译：化学变化是改变粒子结构、形成新物质的一种变化。
13. You should help him since you have promised to do so.
翻译：你既然已经答应帮忙就应该帮助他。
14. Factories known to produce components for missiles and
submarines are being camouflaged, as are missile launching and test sites throughout the USSR .
翻译：人们所知道的生产导弹部件和潜艇部件的工厂，都进行了伪装。苏联全国各地的导弹发射和试验场地，也都进行了伪装。
15. Thales thought water was the beginning of everything;
Anaximenes, air; Heraclitus, fire.
翻译：泰利斯认为水是万物的之源，阿那克西美尼认为气是万物的之源；赫拉克利特认为火是万物的之源。
16. 非洲人民正在为争取非洲的彻底解放进行着艰巨的斗争。
翻译：The Africans are fighting hard for the Africa 's absolute liberation 英汉语言对比与翻译作业
1. It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.
翻译：认为自己的思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念头。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。
2. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.
翻译：他有一种令人不安的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。
3．While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat coachman in a
three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour. (Thackeray)翻译：(当时)这个世纪刚过了十几年。六月的一天早上，天气晴朗。契息克林阴道上平克顿女子学校的大铁门前面来了一辆宽敞的私人马车。拉车的两匹肥马套着雪亮的马具，一个肥胖的车夫带了假头发和三角帽子，赶车子的速度是一小时四英里。（萨克雷）
4.It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver.
翻译：长期以来，大家都知道心脏与肝脏的关系最为密切。
5.An illustration is furnished by an editorial in the Washington Post.
翻译：《华盛顿邮报》的一篇社论提供了一个例子。
6.The challenge from the Third World has always been foreseen by our shipping companies.
翻译：我们的海运公司总能预见来自第三世界的挑战。
7. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.
翻译：这位曾使全世界发出笑声的人自己却饱受辛酸。
8. A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in.
翻译：伴随着一团雪茄烟雾，欧吉维进屋了。”
9. “Hi! Hi!” said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler.
翻译：“嗨！嗨！”出租车司机一瞅见有客人就叫道，同时碰地一声打开车门。
10．I am afraid of your misunderstanding me.
翻译：我害怕你误解我。
11. A woman with fair opportunities, and without an absolute hump
may marry whom she likes.
翻译：一个女人只要不是驼背驼得厉害，机会好的话，想嫁给谁就嫁给谁。
12. A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is
changed and a new substance is formed.
翻译：化学变化是改变粒子结构、形成新物质的一种变化。
13. You should help him since you have promised to do so.
翻译：你既然已经答应帮忙就应该帮助他。
14. Factories known to produce components for missiles and
submarines are being camouflaged, as are missile launching and test sites throughout the USSR .
翻译：人们所知道的生产导弹部件和潜艇部件的工厂，都进行了伪装。苏联全国各地的导弹发射和试验场地，也都进行了伪装。
15. Thales thought water was the beginning of everything;
Anaximenes, air; Heraclitus, fire.
翻译：泰利斯认为水是万物的之源，阿那克西美尼认为气是万物的之源；赫拉克利特认为火是万物的之源。
16. 非洲人民正在为争取非洲的彻底解放进行着艰巨的斗争。
翻译：The Africans are fighting hard for the Africa 's absolute liberation 英汉语言对比与翻译作业
1. It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.
翻译：认为自己的思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念头。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。
2. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.
翻译：他有一种令人不安的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。
3．While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat coachman in a
three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour. (Thackeray)翻译：(当时)这个世纪刚过了十几年。六月的一天早上，天气晴朗。契息克林阴道上平克顿女子学校的大铁门前面来了一辆宽敞的私人马车。拉车的两匹肥马套着雪亮的马具，一个肥胖的车夫带了假头发和三角帽子，赶车子的速度是一小时四英里。（萨克雷）
4.It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver.
翻译：长期以来，大家都知道心脏与肝脏的关系最为密切。
5.An illustration is furnished by an editorial in the Washington Post.
翻译：《华盛顿邮报》的一篇社论提供了一个例子。
6.The challenge from the Third World has always been foreseen by our shipping companies.
翻译：我们的海运公司总能预见来自第三世界的挑战。
7. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.
翻译：这位曾使全世界发出笑声的人自己却饱受辛酸。
8. A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in.
翻译：伴随着一团雪茄烟雾，欧吉维进屋了。”
9. “Hi! Hi!” said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler.
翻译：“嗨！嗨！”出租车司机一瞅见有客人就叫道，同时碰地一声打开车门。
10．I am afraid of your misunderstanding me.
翻译：我害怕你误解我。
11. A woman with fair opportunities, and without an absolute hump
may marry whom she likes.
翻译：一个女人只要不是驼背驼得厉害，机会好的话，想嫁给谁就嫁给谁。
12. A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is
changed and a new substance is formed.
翻译：化学变化是改变粒子结构、形成新物质的一种变化。
13. You should help him since you have promised to do so.
翻译：你既然已经答应帮忙就应该帮助他。
14. Factories known to produce components for missiles and
submarines are being camouflaged, as are missile launching and test sites throughout the USSR .
翻译：人们所知道的生产导弹部件和潜艇部件的工厂，都进行了伪装。苏联全国各地的导弹发射和试验场地，也都进行了伪装。
15. Thales thought water was the beginning of everything;
Anaximenes, air; Heraclitus, fire.
翻译：泰利斯认为水是万物的之源，阿那克西美尼认为气是万物的之源；赫拉克利特认为火是万物的之源。
16. 非洲人民正在为争取非洲的彻底解放进行着艰巨的斗争。
翻译：The Africans are fighting hard for the Africa 's absolute liberation 英汉语言对比与翻译作业
1. It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.
翻译：认为自己的思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念头。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。
2. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.
翻译：他有一种令人不安的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。
3．While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton’s
academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat coachman in a
three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour. (Thackeray)翻译：(当时)这个世纪刚过了十几年。六月的一天早上，天气晴朗。契息克林阴道上平克顿女子学校的大铁门前面来了一辆宽敞的私人马车。拉车的两匹肥马套着雪亮的马具，一个肥胖的车夫带了假头发和三角帽子，赶车子的速度是一小时四英里。（萨克雷）
4.It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver.
翻译：长期以来，大家都知道心脏与肝脏的关系最为密切。
5.An illustration is furnished by an editorial in the Washington Post.
翻译：《华盛顿邮报》的一篇社论提供了一个例子。
6.The challenge from the Third World has always been foreseen by our shipping companies.
翻译：我们的海运公司总能预见来自第三世界的挑战。
7. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.
翻译：这位曾使全世界发出笑声的人自己却饱受辛酸。
8. A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in.
翻译：伴随着一团雪茄烟雾，欧吉维进屋了。”
9. “Hi! Hi!” said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler.
翻译：“嗨！嗨！”出租车司机一瞅见有客人就叫道，同时碰地一声打开车门。
10．I am afraid of your misunderstanding me.
翻译：我害怕你误解我。
11. A woman with fair opportunities, and without an absolute hump
may marry whom she likes.
翻译：一个女人只要不是驼背驼得厉害，机会好的话，想嫁给谁就嫁给谁。
12. A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is
changed and a new substance is formed.
翻译：化学变化是改变粒子结构、形成新物质的一种变化。
13. You should help him since you have promised to do so.
翻译：你既然已经答应帮忙就应该帮助他。
14. Factories known to produce components for missiles and
submarines are being camouflaged, as are missile launching and test sites throughout the USSR .
翻译：人们所知道的生产导弹部件和潜艇部件的工厂，都进行了伪装。苏联全国各地的导弹发射和试验场地，也都进行了伪装。
15. Thales thought water was the beginning of everything;
Anaximenes, air; Heraclitus, fire.
翻译：泰利斯认为水是万物的之源，阿那克西美尼认为气是万物的之源；赫拉克利特认为火是万物的之源。
16. 非洲人民正在为争取非洲的彻底解放进行着艰巨的斗争。
翻译：The Africans are fighting hard for the Africa 's absolute liberation
英汉语言对比与翻译练习
英汉语言对比与翻译练习 注意事项： １．英汉语言句法／句式差别； ２．体会英汉互译句式转换规律； Sentences: 1.In praising the logic of the English language we must not lose sight of the fact that in most cases where, so to speak, the logic of facts or of the exterior world is at war with the logic of grammar. 2.邢夫人携了黛玉坐上，众老婆们放下车帘，方命小厮们抬起，拉至宽处，加上训骡，出 了西脚门往东，过荣府正门，如一黑油漆大门内，至仪门前，方下了车。 3.When about three hundred men had been landed from these vessels and were marching rapidly to camp, the Morini, who had been left by Caesar in a state of peace when he set out for Britain, were fired by the hope of booty, and surrounded the troops, at first with no very large number of folk, bidding them lay down their arms if they did not wish to be killed. 4.I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointed to a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on. 5.Mr. Kennedy apparently was hit by the first of what witness believed were three shots. 6.And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she know had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.. 7.The original members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United Nations conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110. 8.After watching the fish for some time, they asked me for pairs of several different kinds, pointing them out as they walked down the row of tanks. I netted their choices into a traveling container and slipped it into an insulated bag for transport, handing it to the boy. “carry it carefully,” I cautioned. 9.Sickness had robbed her of her confidence that she could carry the load. 10.Loneliness held the great masses of immigrants together, and poverty kept them down. 11.Starvation was a remote threat. 12.There is a crying need for a new remedy. 13.There was a mumbled conversation in the background. Then a man’s voice came on the phone. 14.The whole devastating experience sharpened my appreciation of the world around me. 15.She was always a crier any way. 16.The car wound through the village and up a narrow valley, following a thaw-swollen stream. 17.The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he had had no food for two days. 18.A long course of poverty and humility, of daily privations and hard words, of kind office and no returns, had been her lot ever since womanhood almost, or since her luckless marriage with George Osborne.(Vanity Fair chapter 57) 19.The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.
汉英语言对比 重点知识
对比分析在外语教学中可以用于什么方面？ 摹声格与Onomatopoeia的差异（汉语的摹声格与Onomatopoeia的区别） 1.以语音的形式对自然界发出的声音进行直接的摹拟就是汉语的摹声格与英语 的Onomatopoeia。2.汉语的摹声格使用迭音词或迭音结构，大多表达为四种模式：AA,ABB,AABB,ABAB.英语的Onomatopoeia没有这种叠音形式，英语的拟声词绝大部分是单音节词，这与汉语正好相反。3.差异：1、不同语言的民族各自固有的语音系统影响或限制。2、在摹拟相同的自然声响时，摹拟的角度不同。 3、“摹拟”过程中，加上自己民族的主观色彩或凭借自己的想象力去自由发挥，极力拓展，以便使各自的语言更为形象，生动，逼真的结果。 双声，叠韵与Alliteration, Assonance的辨别 汉英隐喻的共性、个性分析-来源（汉英隐喻共性和个性产生的原则） 1.汉英隐喻的共性来源于人类隐喻思维的共性。人类在认识和了解世界的过程中，总是不断地以已知经验去认知未知的自然现象。对未知事物的理解也总是建立在已知事物的基础上。“未知事物”究竟是什么，只有在同已知事物的对比中找出相似点，才能弄清。这便是隐喻思维逐渐形成的过程，它实际上包含了一个类比、推理的思维过程。这一过程逐渐模式化，最后形成了隐喻这一人类的思维方式。 2.地域民族不同，社会文化，政治宗教，风土人情的差异以及时代进程的快慢会使人类获取的直接经验有所不同，因而人们对一事物与它事物间的联想就不同。汉英隐喻个性产生。 隐喻：当今认知语言学研究中的一个重要术语，概念和理论。汉英隐喻都是一种比喻方式，是根据联想，抓住不同事物的相似性，用它事物来阐明所要描绘的事物。
英汉互译实践与技巧作业
英汉互译实践与技巧 学 院：水利与建筑工程学院 专业班级：电气 xxx 班 姓 名： xxx 学 号： 201xxxxxxx
Reasons for the Excellence of US Higher Education By Chuck M.Ves Excellence extends beyond individual scholars and in stitutions it extends to systems. A basic question I have been asked innumerable times, especially when traveling abroad, is, Why is Americas system of higher education so good? It is, as has been said all too often, the envy of the world. I think there are seven primary reasons for the excellence of US higher education relative to that in other countries: We have a broad diversity of institutions ranging from small liberal arts colleges to Ivy League schools, to the great land grant universities, and to somewhat more focused institutions like MIT or Caltech. This diversity provides a wealth of environments and opportunities, from which individual students can select a school that best matches their needs and capabilities. We offer new assistant professors a wide open field of freedom to choose what they teach and the topics of research and scholarship they engage. We reject the hierarchical systems of many other nations in which junior faculty are subservient to, and indeed apprenticed to, senior professors. We therefore enjoy a constant flow of new ideas, passions, and approaches that keep us fresh and robust. In our research universities we meaningfully weave together
英汉语言对比与翻译2
幻灯片1 课后练习 ●blue films ●bluebottle ●Greenfly ●common criminal ●common informer ●hard labor ●free love ●blue-eyed boy ●bluestocking 幻灯片2 参考翻译 ●blue films 蓝色电影（×） ●淫秽电影（√） ●bluebottle 蓝瓶子（×） ●绿头苍蝇（√） ●greenfly 绿苍蝇（×） ●蚜虫（√） ●common criminal 普通罪犯（×） ●臭名昭著的罪犯（√） ●common informer 一般的告密者（×） ●职业告密者（√） 幻灯片3 参考翻译 ●hard labor 艰苦的劳动（×） ●（监禁）苦役（√） ●free love 自由恋爱（×） ●（无婚约的）自由性爱（√） ●blue-eyed boy 蓝眼睛男孩（×） ●宠儿（√） ●blue sky research/thinking 蓝天研究/思维（×） ●天马行空式的（√） 幻灯片4 翻译的原则与标准
1. 支谦与《法句经序》（229年） “天竺言语，与汉异音。云其书为天书，语为天语，名物不同，传实不易。” 开篇即强调了佛经翻译之难，即语言不同，语境不同，名物不同，翻译起来确实不易。幻灯片5 翻译的原则与标准 2. 道安与“五失本，三不易” 源自其在公元382年所作 《摩诃钵罗若波罗蜜经抄序》 译胡为秦，有五失本也。 一者，胡语尽倒，而使从秦，一失本也。 二者，胡经尚质，秦人好文，传可众心，非文不合，斯二失本也。 幻灯片6 翻译的原则与标准 三者，经委悉，至于叹咏，叮咛反复，或三或四，不嫌其烦，而今裁斥，三失本也。 四者，胡有义说，正似乱辞，寻说向语，文无以异，或千五百，刈而不存，四失本也。 五者，事已全成，将更傍及，反腾前辞，已乃后说，而悉除此，五失本也。 幻灯片7 ●“五失本”是： ●一、佛经词序多是颠倒的，汉译时改从汉语语法，容易失本； ●二、佛经文字质朴，而汉人喜欢文采，为适合汉语读者，译文作了润饰，容易失本； ●三、佛经的论述，往往不厌其烦，颂文更是翻三覆四，翻译时删繁就简，容易失本； 幻灯片8 ●四、佛经有“义说”（长行之后，另加的偈颂复述）类似汉人韵文后的“乱辞”（总结），
从英汉对比的角度看被动的翻译
从英汉对比的角度看被动的翻译 发表时间：2015-02-02T13:45:31.063Z 来源：《教育学文摘》2014年12月总第142期供稿作者：武亚萍[导读] 东西方文化风俗和语言习惯的差异导致二者在字形系统、词汇系统和语法结构系统等方面表现出了截然不同的特色。武亚萍山西大学商务学院外语系山西太原030006 摘要：英汉两种语言由于隶属于不同的文化体系所以在语言结构和表达上存在诸多的差异，两种语言系统对被动语意的表达差别巨大。相较于汉语的表达方式而言，被动语态在英语语言系统中的运用更为普遍，所以对英语被动语态的翻译更加受到英语研究学界的重视，而如何在尊重两种语言系统差异的情况下合理地对英语被动句进行翻译是近年来英语语言学研究的重点课题。本文在汉英两种语言系统被动语态进行对比的基础上，对英语被动翻译的策略进行了探讨，以期能够促进两种语言系统更好地交流融合。关键词：英语英汉对比被动翻译 英语和汉语在世界语言系统中是两种有着较大差异的语言，分别隶属于西方语系和东方语系。东西方文化风俗和语言习惯的差异导致二者在字形系统、词汇系统和语法结构系统等方面表现出了截然不同的特色。而被动语态是构成两种语言系统必不可少的因素，在两种语系中均有着重要的地位。从英汉对比的角度看，英语语系对被动语态的使用较之于汉语语系更为广泛和深刻，著名的语言学家就曾经指出英语语系对被动语态的广泛使用是英语语系区别于汉语语系最重要的特色。所以对英语被动语态的翻译首先应该从英汉两种语系在被动语态上的对比入手，在掌握两种语言系统中被动语态区别的基础上，对英语被动语态的翻译进行准确的把握。 一、英汉被动语态的对比 英语语言系统在具体表达上注重句式的“型合”，句式结构的变化更为丰富复杂，特别是在be和动词的过去分词这一被动语态的组合中，句式的“型合”表现得更为明显。英语对被动语态的表达通过类似的句式展现出来，明显具有显性的特点。而对于汉语被动语态来说，汉语的语意表现更为含蓄，对被动语态的表达也通常会借助句子的内部连接或句意之间的逻辑关系来展示意义上的被动，具有隐性的特点。 1.英汉结构被动句对比。英汉两种语系的被动语态在结构上存在着相同点，在两种形式的被动句中句子的主语一般都是意义上的受动者，而意义上的施动者则不太重要，可以在句子中表现出来，也可以隐去。但是两种被动句的结构存在巨大的差异。例如在“Many soldiers were killed in the war”一句中，由于句子的阐述者不能明确语意的施动者，所以采用被动句的形式进行表述。而与英语被动句的结构不同，汉语被动句的动词没有时态上的变化，所以汉语被动句不会以动词的过去分词为被动标志，汉语被动式常用能够直接表现被动的“被”字作为结构式被动句的构成条件。例如“糖果被吃掉了”一句中，采用了受动者、“被“字和动词相结合的结构表现被动意义。汉语被动句中的标志词除了“被”以外还有“叫”、“让”等，都能在反映被动意义的基础上构建被动句结构。 2.英汉意义被动句对比。英汉两种语系不仅在结构被动句上存在差异，在语意被动句上也有着明显的不同。当被动句的受动者不会被错认成施动者时，汉语一般选择使用意义被动句。常见的意义被动有两种：一是常见于古文或口语中的逻辑关系上的被动，如“看病难这一问题总算得到解决了”。二是具有感情色彩的“挨、获、遭、承蒙”等词与及物动词相结合表现被动意义，如“承蒙关照，在此表示深深的感谢”。而英语的意念被动句则有所不同，在这种句式中虽然句子仍为主动句的结构，但是句子的主语在意义上却是受动者，常常用于描绘事物的属性状态等，被动意义比较弱。例如“Brazilian fruit tastes delicious”一句利用“taste”表示整个句子的被动意义，而“My father is difficult to request”一句也在主动句的句型中用“difficult”加具有被动意义的不定式结构来表现被动的概念。 二、英语被动翻译的策略 对英语被动句进行翻译可以遵循两种方法，即直译法和意译法。直译法具体来说就是在句子中没有出现施动者时对句子各部分结构的意思按主要成分的顺序进行翻译，直接翻译成带有“被”或其他结构被动句标志的句子。例如在对“Candy has been eaten by harry”一句进行翻译时可以直接利用“被”字翻译成“糖果被哈利吃掉了”。而运用意译法进行翻译时，在句子中有施动者的情况下，可以将句子的施动者直接翻译成汉语句子的主语，将受动者翻译成句子的宾语，如可以将“The mouse was killed by Peter”翻译成“彼得把老鼠打死了”；而当句子中没有施动者时，可以根据句子上下文的内容合理地在翻译中增加施动者，如在对“It maybe asked why I killed them”一句进行翻译时可以根据内容增加主语，合理地翻译为“也许有人会问我为什么将他们杀了”。 三、结语 本文从英汉对比的角度对英语被动翻译进行了探讨，简要说明了英汉被动存在的差别和对英语被动句进行翻译的策略，希望能为相关的英语被动句翻译提供理论借鉴。 参考文献 [1]Nord·Christiane Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained (Translation Theories Explored).New York: Routledge,2014,5。 [2]钟小芳英汉被动语态对比与互译方式[J].吉林省教育学院学报（学科版），2012，28，(2)。 [3]樊斌基于双语语料库的英汉对比与翻译初探[J].重庆科技学院学报（社会科学版），2012，(5)。 [4]朱旭双英汉被动意义表达形式对比及翻译策略分析[J].教育教学论坛，2014，(20)。
汉英语言对比之静态与动态
汉英语言对比 ——静态与动态(Stative vs．Dynamic)
比较是人类认识世界的重要方法，也是语言研究的基本方法之一。中国语言学大师赵元任先生说：“所谓语言学理论，实际上就是语言的比较，就是世界各民族综合比较研究得出的科学结论。”语言研究中的比较，可以是在同一种语言内部进行的，也可以是在不同的语言之间开展的；可以是历时的，也可以是共时的。我们这学期开设的汉英语言对比课程，我认为是在不同语言中进行的共时研究。这门课的开设有很重要的意义，因为我们一般接触的课程里都是比较基础性的课程，比如精读，泛读，听力，口语，这些科目培养的是我们某一个具体方面的能力，这让英语的的确确变成了一门“工具型”学科，而没有展现出它作为一门语言独特的魅力。而英汉语言对比却使我得以站在一个高度，好好的审视“英语艺术”。 英汉语言可对比之处有很多，我所写的论文研究的是静态与动态(Stative vs．Dynamic)。 英语是静态的语言，主要体现在有少用动词而用其他手段表示动作意义的倾向，倾向于多用名词，形容词，副词，介词，因而叙述呈静态(stative）；汉语是动态的语言，主要体现在汉语有一种多用动词的习惯，因而叙述呈动态(dynamic)。造成英语呈静态的原因是英语句子中的谓语动词要受很多形态变化规则的约束,使用时有很多不便, 所以一般每个句子只有一个谓语动词。而对动词的需要有不至于此，于是只能采取名词化的方法。也就是说英语是屈折语，英语动词的使用受到形态规则的严格限制，一个句子结构通常只用一个谓语动词，或者至多是几个动词并列作谓语。大量原来应该用动词表达的概念除了用非谓语动词表达外，必须借助于动词以外的词类，其中主要是名词和介词，以及形容词和副词，名词和形容词等可以由动词派生或转化而来。这种使用优势不仅降低了动词出现的频率，而且削弱了动词所表达的意义，产生了动词的虚化和弱化，这就使得英语的表达呈现“静态”倾向。而且我认为英语多用名词会使语言显得更加正式和地道；而汉语呈动态的原因是它是分析性的，所以词类界限并不明显，但动词距离人的体验最近，又无需形态变化，故而最具优势。也就是说汉语不是屈折语，汉语动词没有形态变化的约束。在使用中，由于对动词的约束不像英语那样死板，没有英语那样多时态，人称的变化，所以我们使用起来十分灵活，方便。汉语同时也没有谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式之分，原形动词可以充当句子的各种成分，可以在句中多次连用，甚至重复，重叠，合成并用，这无疑会使汉语动态意味更浓。因此汉语除了部分句子没有动词以外。大量的句子都不止使用一个动词，动词的优势必然使汉语的表达呈“动态”倾向。”这就使得现代汉语显得优美而舒缓。 因此我们在翻译时也要注意到语言的特点。举几个例子： （1）He was a nonsmoker and a teetotaler. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。 （2）Vietnamese war is a drain on American resource.
英汉语言对比研究论文
摘要 随着科学技术的迅猛发展和经济全球化，各国人们之间的交流已是一个必然趋势，我们对外交往中，跨文化的言语交际也显得愈发重要。 语言是文化的载体，文化差异反映到语言层面上则表现为语言差异，不同的国家和民族的语言表现出的文化背景和思维模式都有所不同，因此我们有必要把英语与母语进行对比分析，进一步认识英语和母语的特性与差异，从而促进文化交际。 本文将从语言与文化、综合语与分析语、刚性与柔性、形合与意合，四个角度对英汉两种语言进行对比与分析，从细节之处去感受两种语言的微妙差别，从而对英语的学习有更深刻的认识。 关键词：语言与文化综合语与分析语刚性与柔性 形合与意合英汉两种语言
内容 一、引言 二、教材篇 1.语言与文化 2.综合语与分析语 3.刚性与柔性 4.形合与意合 三、课堂篇 四、疑惑篇 五、结语
英汉对比研究 语言是一面镜子，它反映着一个民族的文化，揭示该民族文化的内容；语言既是社会的产物，又是人类历史和文化的结晶。同时语言与文化互相影响，互相作用;理解语言必须了解文化，理解文化必须了解语言。 汉语和英语则是在不同的历史背景和社会形态中形成 的两种截然不同的语种，本质上都浸透着各自民族文化的特征，但是由于东西方不同的历史文化背景又使得汉英两种语言在交流中产生了碰撞。 本文将从语言与文化、综合语与分析语、刚性与柔性、形合与意合，四个角度对英汉两种语言进行对比与分析，进一步认识英语和母语的特性与差异从而对英语的学习有更 深刻的认识，进而促进文化交际。 一、教材篇 1.语言与文化 语言和文化之间有着必不可分的内在联系：一方面，语言是文化的一个重要的因素，另一方面，文化的许多要素需要借助语言来表达，即：语言是文化的重要载体，文化是语言的管轨。语言是文化的基石——没有语言，就没有文化；语言又受文化的影响，反映文化。可以说，语言反映一个民
2014福师《英汉互译》在线作业一答案
单选题 一、单选题（共 V 1. Language consists ________words which we put together into sentences. A. in B. for C. of D. on 满分： 2. The reason for the traffic accident was________one of the drivers lost control of his car. A. why B. when C. that D. because 满分： 3. I have no doubt ________he will overcome all his difficulties. A. if B. that C. as to D. whether 满分： 4. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_________. A. B. C.
D. phenomenon 满分：2 分A 5. He went to the dance last night but couldn’t find a____because of his strange clothes. A. pond B. saddle C. partner D. salad 满分：2 分C 6. Historically, scientists and inventors are one group that seem to take full________of relaxed moments. A. use B. chance C. advantage D. attention 满分：2 分C 7. In fact, Mary would rather have left for San Francisco _________in Los Angeles. A. by staying B. than stay C. than have stayed D. to stay 满分：2 分C 8. Smoking hurts not only the smokers, but also the people around them____second-hand smoke. A. because B. because of C. as
英汉语言对比与翻译作业
英汉语言对比与翻译作业 1. It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection. 翻译：认为自己的思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念头。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。 2. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession. 翻译：他有一种令人不安的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。 3．While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat coachman in a three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour. (Thackeray)翻译：(当时)这个世纪刚过了十几年。六月的一天早上，天气晴朗。契息克林阴道上平克顿女子学校的大铁门前面来了一辆宽敞的私人马车。拉车的两匹肥马套着雪亮的马具，一个肥胖的车夫带了假头发和三角帽子，赶车子的速度是一小时四英里。（萨克雷）
汉英语言对比 期末考试
2011-2012学年第二学期《汉英语言对比》期末考试试题 1．英语汉语的差别，可以大致分为八类：刚性与柔性; 聚集与流散; 形合与意合; 物称与人称; 被动与主动; 静态与动态; 抽象与具体; 显性与隐性。选取其中之一，结合所学内容，按照自己理解，自拟题目，写结课论文一篇，字数不少于1000字。要求：立论明晰，例证充分，方法合理，结构完整。 或： 2．下列是朱自清散文《匆匆》中的一段话和三个译本，试从汉英语言对比角度，简单评述。要求：字数不得少于150字。 燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？——是有人偷了他们吧：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了吧：现在又到了哪里呢？ 我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。我不禁汗涔涔而泪潸潸了。
1）Rush （translated by Zhu Chunshen） Swallows may have gone, but there is a time of return; willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of re-greening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again. Now, you the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? — If they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could he hide then? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment? I do not know how many days I have been given to spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty. Taking stock silently, I find that more than eight thousand days has already slid away from me. Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean, my days are dripping into the stream of time, soundless, traceless. Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes. 2）Transient Days (translated by Zhang Peiji) If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. But, tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and where could he hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at the present moment? I don't know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away. Counting up silently, I find that more than 8,000 days have already slipped away through my fingers. Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean, my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace. At the thought of this, sweat oozes from my forehead and tears trickle down my cheeks. 3）Days Gone By (translated by Zhang Mengjing) When the swallows have gone, there is still time to return; when the poplar and willow trees have become withered, there is still time to see green; when the peach flowers have already faded, there is still time to blossom. But please tell me, the genius, why then have my days gone and never returned? If some people have stolen them, then who are they? And where are they hidden? If they have escaped by themselves, then where are they now? I don't know how many days I have been given, but the in my hands are becoming numbered. Counting silently, eight thousand days have slipped by. Just like water drops a pinpoint dripping slowly into the vast ocean, my days been dripping into the river of time, quietly and invisibly. I can’t help dripping with sweat and weeping many tears. 注：格式：5号宋体（英语部分用times new roman），题目用黑体。正文12磅行距。并于6月18日前统一交由何丹打包发送试卷电子文稿至434813040@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1618141310.html,备查。打印版于6月20日前统一交给何丹，过期不候。
英汉互译实践(课后作业) 2
英汉互译实践Assignments Lecture 2 1.一个国家一定要有稳定的形势，才能把经济建设搞上去。 译：The economic growth can only be promoted with the stability of the country. 2.在改善物质生活的同时，充实精神生活。 译：We should enrich our spiritual life while trying to improve the material life. 3.近年来，美国华裔科技人才辈出，成就卓著，引起国际科技界的注意和重视。 译：In recent years, there have come forth in increasing numbers the US prominent scientific and technical talents of Chinese descent// whose achievements have come to command the notice and admiration of scientists and technical experts in the world. 4. 黄毛丫头 a chit of a girl; a witless girl; an ignorant girl 黄色电影blue films; porn movies 黄叶/ 黄页fallen leaves/ yellow pages 5.从上海至北京的飞机每天一班。 译：There is a daily flight from Shanghai to Beijing. 6.还要多读一点历史和小说。 译：We should also make efforts to read some books of history and novels. 7.根据他的叫声特点，人们把蝉又称作知了。 译：Cicadas are also called as “zhiliao” because of the singing noise they make. 8.美国气候相差较大，位于亚热带的佛罗里达和夏威夷海滩温暖宜人，阿拉斯加苔原却寒气袭人。 译：The climate in the United States varies so much from place to place that Florida and the Hawaii beaches in the subtropics are warm and agreeable while the tundra on Alaska is terribly chilly. Lecture 3 1. 我们学院接受教委和市政府的双重领导。（名词转动词） 译: Our institute is co-led by the education commission and the municipal government. 2. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损害视力。（动词转名词） 译: (Watching) too much TV will do harm to children?s eyesight. 3. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。（动词转名词） 译: With the practice of reform and opening-up policy, our comprehensive national strength has achieved notable improvements. 4. 我完全赞成你的意见。（动词转介词） 译:I?m all for you./your opinion. 5. 改革开放政策受到了全国人民的拥护。（动词转名词） 译:Reform and opening-up policy has gained nation-wide support. 6. 作者在文章中对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。（动词转名词） 译: The author made criticism on mankind?s negligence to the environment in his article. 7. 在有些欧洲国家里，人民享有最广泛的社会福利，如医疗保险等。（主动语态转被动语态）译: In some European countries, people are entitled to receive the most extensive social welfare, like medical insurance. 8. 时间不早了，我们回去吧！（句型转换） 译: It?s time for us to go back!
英汉语言对比研究综述
龙源期刊网 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1618141310.html, 英汉语言对比研究综述 作者：周振峰 来源：《现代语文(语言研究)》2010年第06期 摘要:本文对我国百余年来的英汉语言对比研究进行了概述。阐述了英汉语言对比研究的性质和范围,回顾了我国英汉语言对比研究的历史和现状,讨论了英汉语言对比研究的宗旨和目的,论述了英汉语言对比研究的理论和方法。 关键词:英汉语言对比研究性质范围宗旨目标理论方法 一、英汉语言对比研究的性质和范围 语言的对比研究又称对比语言学(Contrastive Linguistics)或对比分析(Contrastive Analysis),“是对两种或两种以上的语言进行共时的对比研究,描述它们之间的异同,特别是其中的不同之处,并将这类研究应用于其他有关领域。”[1](P4)对比分析不同于比较语言学,“比较语言 学是历时性研究,它要追溯语言之间的谱系关系;对比分析是共时性研究,它要揭示语言之间的一致性和分歧性——尤其是分歧性。但是为了说明问题,对比分析有时也不能不谈词源和语言的 某些历史演变”[2]。 英汉语言对比研究作为对比语言学的一个方面,主要是对英汉两种语言进行共时的研究,描述它们之间的异同,并将其研究结果应用于其他相关领域。在揭示其异同及其产生原因时,也会涉及到两种语言的历史演变。 根据索绪尔对微观语言学和宏观语言学的区分,英汉语言对比研究也可分为两大类:微观的研究和宏观的研究。微观的研究包括对英汉两种语言的内部因素,如语音、词汇、句子、段 落、语篇和语法等的对比研究;宏观的研究是从社会文化心理等外部因素对英汉两种语言进行的对比研究。 二、英汉语言对比研究的历史和现状