英国文学史分时期总结作家作品
英语文学史分时期总结作家作品
Epic:long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.
e.g. Homer?s Iliad and Odyssey
Artistic features:
1. Using alliteration
Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）
Some examples on P5
2. Using metaphor and understatement
Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas
Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400
(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)
The father of English poetry.
writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.
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first time to use …heroic couplet?(双韵体) by middle English
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Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)
Famous three：King Arthur
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Beowulf
The Renaissance Period
A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.
Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:
1. new discoveries in geography and astrology
2. the religious reformation and economic expansion
3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
The most famous dramatists:
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson.
1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）The poets?poet.Th e first to be buried in the Poet?s corner of Westerminster Abbey
The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”. Artistic features:
1. Using Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.
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The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.
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2. Thomasl More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535
One of the greatest English humanists
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3. Francisl Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626
（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）
Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.n
Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man?s reason.
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The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.
4. Ben Jonson
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5. Christopherl Marlowe柯里斯托弗?马洛1564~1595
“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama
（完善了无韵体诗。）
Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
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6. William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616l
①Historical plays:Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII
②Four Comedies:
③Four Tragedies:
④Shakespeare Sonnet :154
Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 2
The Renaissance Period
A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.
Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:
1. new discoveries in geography and astrology
2. the religious reformation and economic expansion
3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
The most famous dramatists:
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson.
1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）The poets’poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey
①
The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.
Artistic features:
1. Using Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.
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The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.
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2. Thomasl More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535
One of the greatest English humanists
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3. Francisl Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626
（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）
Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.n
Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to m an?s reason.
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The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.
4. Ben Jonson
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5. Christopherl Marlowe柯里斯托弗?马洛1564~1595
“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama
（完善了无韵体诗。）
Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
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6. William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616l
①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII
②Four Comedies:
③Four Tragedies:
④Shakespeare Sonnet :154
Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.
The 17th Century
1. John Milton约翰?弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）
①Epics:
②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙
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This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.
2. John Bunyan约翰?班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory:
3. John Donne
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).
Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）
Artistic features:
1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2. syllogism三段论
①Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子
②Songs And Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③Valediction:
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 3
The 18th Century
A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion (抑制情感) and accuracy
The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rational ity), equality&science(the 18th century)
小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic nov el现实主义小说)
Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century) 1. Alexanderl Pope亚历山大?蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）
One of the first to introduce rationalism to England.
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Artistic features:
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/166528199.html,ing “heroic couplets”
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2. Samuell Johnson塞缪尔?约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary =英语大词典n
3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。）
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F our parts:
Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国
Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm 马岛
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③ 木桶的故事n
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4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福1660~1731
（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）l
He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.
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It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.
Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempere d by numerous trials in his eventful life.
It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked a nd marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally ge ts relieved and returns to England.
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5. Henry Fielding亨利?菲尔丁1707~1754
（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。）
He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
①novels:
②plays:
6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗?格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
①poems:
②novel:
7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德?布林斯利?施莱登1751~1816
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8. William Blake威廉?布莱克1757~1827
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A happy and innocent world from children?s eye.
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A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.
Include:
Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity
Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence
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9. Robert Burns罗伯特?彭斯1759~1796
T he greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
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④ 不管那一套n
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英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 4
The Romantic Period
The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s
Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual?s mind.(人应该是独
立自由的个体)
In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of s ocial civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free fr om all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.
Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).
“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.
William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey
1. William Wordsworth威廉?华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。 The Lake Poets）
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Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature th at give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace”
2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude. Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and love ly daffodils(水仙) and poet?s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.
③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④ The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女
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2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔?泰勒?科尔律治1772~1834
The Lake Poets
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Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory
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3. George Gordon Byron乔治?戈登?拜伦1788~1824
（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）l
“Byronic hero”is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrann ical rules or moral principles.
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4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西?比希?雪莱1792~1822
①Poetic Drama：
Theme: the drama celebraies man?s victory over tyranny and oppression
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③Lyrics:
Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the rea lity. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of li
fe from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come t o life in the spring.This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies. Comment:Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length st anzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.
Artistic features:
Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)
5. Johnl Keats约翰?济慈1795~1821
(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)
①Four great odes:
Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is that change is both natural and bea utiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.
Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that thi s change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change sho wn in the poem is the change of periods in a day.
6. Jane Austen简?奥斯丁1775~1817l
She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inch es squire.
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【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolve d
【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood
【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic characters
7. Walterl Scott沃尔特?斯科特1771~1832
(历史小说之父”)Father of history novels
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英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 5
The Victorian Period
Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Criti cal realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday ev ents.
1. Charles Dickens查尔斯?狄更斯1812~1870
（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer
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④圣诞颂歌
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2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉?麦克匹斯?萨克雷1811~1863
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3. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特1816~1855
Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she s uffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.
It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity instituti on such as Lowood School
It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of the ir basic rights and equality as a human being.
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4. Emily Bronte艾米莉?勃朗特1818~1854
A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.
【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heat hcliff
【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella
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5. George Eliot乔治?艾略特1819~1880l
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6. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德?丁尼生1809~1892
（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）
Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）
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To memorialize his friend
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7. Robertl Browning罗伯特?白朗宁1812~1889
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Elizabeth Barrett Browing:
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8. Robert Louis Stevenson
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9. Thomasl Hardy托马斯?哈代1840~1928
（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environ ment）
?Novels
Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration
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?Poems
Wessex Poems And Other Verses
Poems Of The Past And Present
The Dynasts 列国
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 6
1900~1950 The 20th Century
Playwrights
①Oscar Wilde
②George Bernard Shaw
1. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡?王尔德1856~1900
（The Aesthe tic Movement: Art for Art?s Sake）
① 4 Comedies:
②Novel:
③Fairy Stories:
2. George Bernard Shaw乔治?伯纳?萧1856~1950
(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist
?Plays
①Plays Unpleasant
②Plays Pleasant
③Plays
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 7
Novelists (Realists)
1. Joseph Concrad
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1.Why the book?s title is Heart of Darkness?
The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of people?s skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans? hea rt.
2.What is the symbolism of black and white
【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized
Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, as the Dark Ages.
According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light. According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same wa y, Africa was considered to be in the “dark stage”.
【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.
Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth(The truth within, theref ore dark and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This contrast tells a political truth about c olonialism in the Congo.The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and th e Europeans mind.
White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths. The trade in ivory is white and di rty.Kurtz the white man is totally corrupt
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/166528199.html,ment
The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to a chieve higher standards. The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.
Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once "one of the darker places of the earth" before the Romans forced civilization upon t he Britons.But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in t he background.
This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thro wn off the restraint of civilization and has de-evolved into a primitive state.
4.Character
【Kurtz】represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment.
【Marlow】represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dar k, alienating jungle.
5.Narrative Structure
In Heart of Darkness, we have an outside narrator telling us a story he has heard from Marlo w. The story Marlow tells centers around Kurtz.However, most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz, he has learned from others.They have good reason for not being truthful to Marlow. Th erefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtz?s story.
2. William Somerset Maugham
3. Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works 8
Modernists
? 3 Novelists
①James Joyce
②David Herbert Lawrence
③Virgirnia Woolf
1. David Herbert Lawrence戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯1885~1930
【Mrs. Morel】, daughter of a middle-class family, is "a woman of character and refinement", a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman who is fascinated by a warm, vigorous and s ensuous coal miner, Walter Morel, and married beneath her own class.Then, she was despond ed at her husband and put her love to her sons. She h ope s that they will become outstanding 【Paul Morel】depends heavily on his mother?s love and help to make sense of the world around him. He struggle to free from his mother?s influence, but he failed. After h is mother has died and he is left alone, in despair.
Theme:
Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works. He believed that the healthy way of the individual?s psychological development lay in the primac y of the life implulse, or in another term, the sexual impulse.huaman sexuality was, to Lawren ce, a symbol of life force.by presenting the psychological experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships, Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novel Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D. H. Lawrence?s Sons and Lovers
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2. Jamesl Joyce詹姆斯?乔伊斯1882~1941
（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness
3. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅?沃尔芙1882~1941
（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness
①Novels
? 2 Poets
①W. B. Yeats (William Butler Yeats )
②T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )
1.William Butlerl Yeats威廉?勃特勒?叶茨1865~1939
（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动；The Irish Lite rary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴；The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团）
?collections
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?Poems
2. Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家）
?Poems
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?Plays
①
大三_英国文学史(绝对标准中文版)
英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485） 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年，居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡，征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情，是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后，英国资本主义工商业发展较快，市民阶级兴起，英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉，社会各阶层普遍使用英语，为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer， 1343-1400）的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索，通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事，勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体，对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献，被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美，流畅自然，他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平，推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初） 相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More， 1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（Utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词，但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河，这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》（The New Atlantis）、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》（Gulliver's Travels）、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》（Erewhon）一直延续到20世纪
英国文学作家及作品分析,语言学
英国文学作品与作家 一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1343~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 作品： ①
莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（Ben Johnson）--他不属于一个时代，而是属于。（He was not of an age, but for all time.） 作品： ①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; He nry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII ②Four Comedies:
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-盎格鲁-诺曼底时期【圣才出品】
第2章盎格鲁-诺曼底时期 2.1复习笔记 I.Background Knowledge(1066-1350)(背景知识) 1.The Norman Conquest(诺曼征服) A.Brief Introduction(简介) The French-speaking Normans began their conquest of Anglo-Saxon England under William, Duke of Normandy,with the battle of Hastings in1066. 说法语的诺曼底人在威廉公爵的带领下，在1066年的黑斯廷斯战役中打败了英国人，开始了对英国的统治。 B.Chief Influences(主要影响) (1)The bringing of Roman civilization to England; (2)The growth of nationality,i.e.a strong centralized government,instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes; (3)The birth of new English language and literature due to the integration with French vocabulary. （1）将罗曼文化带到英格兰； （2）促进了国家的发展，强大的中央集权政府代替了散乱的撒克逊部落联盟；（3）和法国语言的融合产生了新的英语语言和文学。 II.Features of the New Literature(新文学特征) (1)The new literature is a combination of French and Anglo-Saxon elements. (2)There are three classes of new literature: ①Matter of France(tales about Charlemagne and his peers); ②Matter of Greece and Rome(tales about Alexander and the fall of Troy); ③Matter of Britain(tales about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table).
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
最新简明英国文学史-简答题-重点
1. Analyse the themes and artistic features of Beowulf. themes : The main theme of Beowulf is heroism. This involves far more than physical courage. It also means that the warrior must fulfill his obligations to the group of which he is a key member. artistic features : The most noticeable artistic feature is alliteration. Alliteration is the repetition of initial sounds, usually consonants, or consonant clusters. Alliteration is used off and on in modern poetry but it is an important device in Anglo-Saxon poetry. Another peculiar feature characteristic is the frequent use of kennings, to poetically present the meaning of one single word through a compound simile of two elements. Finally, the general mood and spirit of Anglo-Saxon epic poetry is both solemn and animated. 2. Comment on Chaucer’s achievements and contributions with examples from his works. Chaucer learned from both French and Latin poetry and then worked out a unique style for the English poetry. The realism and humanistic concerns demonstrated in his works looked forward to the coming English Renaissance. Because he uses the English of the London dialect to compose poetry, it becomes a literary language, which is a language rich and expressive enough to use for literary purposes. We call the English used and developed by Chaucer and his
英国文学史分时期总结作家作品
英语文学史分时期总结作家作品
英国美国文学作家及作品汇总
英国文学名家名著 《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）是英国盎格鲁?撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗，古英语文学的最高成就，同时标志着英国文学的开始。史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦，帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲；第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位，平安统治50年。后来，他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏，老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战，杀死火龙，自己也受了致命伤。 杰弗里?乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ，1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层，而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格，读者广泛，对后世影响很大。 威廉?莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；
四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。《哈姆雷特》叙述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父报仇，杀死篡夺王位的叔父的故事。《哈姆雷特》里“to be or not to be, that is the question”的成为经典台词。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》描写了一对青年男女因家族间的世仇而不能联姻结果自杀的故事，揭露了封建制度的残酷无情，同时，歌颂了青年男女纯洁坚贞的爱情。 济慈（Keats, 1795一1821）是英国浪漫主义诗人。他出身贫苦，作过医生的学徒，后来才以写诗为业。他对当时英国社会的现实不满，希望在一个“永恒的美的世界”中寻找安身立命之处。他的诗歌以文辞声调之美著称，在艺术上对后代的英国诗人影响很大。主要作品有《伊沙贝拉》(Isabella)、《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)和《秋颂》(To Autumn)等。 雪莱（Shelley ，1792一 1822）是英国浪漫主义的重要诗人。他生于贵族家庭。他既创作了富于政治思想性的诗，也写了很多优美的抒情诗，特别是爱情诗，显示了不羁的想象，瑰丽的色彩和动人的音韵，这些使他成为英国文学史上最有才华的抒情诗人之一。他的主要作品有《麦布女王》(Queen Mab)、《致英国人民之歌》(Song to the
英国文学作家作品介绍
作家作品介绍 Francis Bacon弗朗西斯·培根(1561-1626)PPT55 Essays (1594) The Advancement of Learning (1605) Great Instauration and Novum Organum (1620) New Atlantis (posthumous) William Shakespeare As You Like It皆大欢喜 Mid-summer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦 Twelfth Night The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人 Hamlet (Oedipus complex) Othello (credulousness) King Lear (reap what one has sown) Macbeth (jealous ) Pericles Cymbeline The Winter’s Tale The Tempest John Donne (1572-1631) Never send to know for whom the bells tolls; it tolls for thee (Death, Be Not Proud)含义：We are humanbeings and we are all
in some way connected. We can’t feel free when someone else is in trouble. John Milton (1608-1674) 1. Short poems: “L’Allegro”and “Il Penseroso”; Lycidas (1637) 2. Prose work: Areopagitica (1644) 3. Long poems: Paradise Lost -- Fall of the angels (13 days) --Creation of the world (7days) --Fall of Man (13 days) (1667), Paradise Regained (1671), and Samson Agonistes (1671) Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce Joseph Addison约瑟夫·艾迪生(1672-1719) he founded The Spectator 《旁观者》magazine. Cato（a Tragedy）最出名Indeed, it was almost certainly literary inspiration for the American Revolution, being well known to many of the Founding Fathers.
英国文学史作家及作品(重要表格)
英美文学选读（英国文学部分） Period Life Time Name CN Nane Writings CN Writings Renaissance1500-1660Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯 宾赛 The Faerie Queen仙后 Blank verse University wit Christopher Marlowe 克里斯扥 夫.马洛 Tamburlaine Dr Fauctus The Jew of Malta 帖木耳大帝 弗士德博士的悲剧 马耳他的犹太人 William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士 比亚 The Merchant of Venice Hamlet The Tempest 威尼斯商人 哈姆雷特 暴风雨 叙事诗 十四行诗 Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯. 培根 Essays Of Studies 论说文 论学习 John Donne约翰.邓恩 The Sun Rising Death Be Not Proud John Milton 约翰.弥尔 顿 Lycidas Paradise Lost Paradise Regained Samson Agonistes 利西达斯 失乐园 复乐园 力士参孙 Neoclassical Period 1660-1798John Bunyan约翰.班杨The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程Alexander Pope 亚历山大. 蒲伯 An Essay on Criticism论批评 1660-1731Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛 弗 Robinson Crusoe鲁滨逊漂流记Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯 威特 Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔 丁 The History of The Adventures of Joseph Andrew The History of Jonathan Wild the Great The History of Tom Jons 约瑟夫.安德鲁 伟大的乔纳森.怀尔 德 汤姆.琼斯Samuel Johnson 赛缪尔.约 翰逊 A Dictionary of the English Language To the Right Honorable The Earl of Chesterfield 英语大词典 致切斯特菲尔德勋 爵的信 Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德德. 比.谢立丹 The School of Scandal造谣学校Thomas Gray 扥马斯.格 雷 Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 写在教堂墓地的挽 歌 Romantic1798-1870William Blake 威廉.布莱 克 Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience Marriage of Heaven and Hell 天真之歌 经验之歌 天堂与地狱联姻 先知书 William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹 华斯 Lyrical Ballads Tintern Abbey Prelude 抒情歌谣集 丁登寺旁 序曲 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔.特 勒.科勒律 治 The Rime of The Ancient Mariner Kubla Khan Christalbel Biographia Literaria 老水手之行 忽必烈汉 克丽斯塔贝尔 文学传记 George Gordon Byron 乔治.戈登. 拜伦 Childe Harold Don Juan 洽尔德.哈罗德游记 唐璜 该隐 Percy Bysshe Shelley 铂.比.雪莱 Ode to the West Wind To a Skylark 西风颂 云雀颂
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-查尔斯
第25章查尔斯?兰姆 25.1复习笔记 Charles Lamb(1775-1834)(查尔斯·兰姆) 1.Life(生平) Charles Lamb was born and spent his youth in the Inner Temple,London.His father was the clerk and confidential attendant to Samuel Salt,a https://www.sodocs.net/doc/166528199.html,mb was educated at Christ’s Hospital, where he formed an enduring friendship with Coleridge.In1796,Lamb’s sister Mary killed their mother in a fit of insanity.Thus he undertook the charge of her sister,who remained subject to periodic seizures,and repaid him with her sympathy and affection.He himself was mentally deranged from1795to1796.In1833,he and Mary moved to Edmonton,where Lamb died and was buried. 查尔斯·兰姆出生于伦敦的内殿律师学院，并在那里度过青年时光。他的父亲是律师萨缪尔·索尔特的办事员和亲密的随从。兰姆在基督公学上学，并和柯勒律治成了终生好友。1796年兰姆的姐姐玛丽因发疯杀死了他们的母亲。由于玛丽患有间歇性精神病，他开始照顾姐姐，玛丽也对他十分怜爱。1795至1796年间，兰姆自己也有些精神错乱。1833年，他和玛丽搬到爱民顿，兰姆去世并被埋葬于此。 2.Literary Career(文学生涯) Lamb’s literary career can be divided into three periods: (1)Early literary efforts,including4sonnets,the best-known poem“The Old Familiar Faces”,a romance,a poetical drama and an unsuccessful play. (2)Literary criticism,on Shakespeare’s plays,Wordsworth’s The Excursion,etc.;stories based on classical works,including the well-known Tales from Shakespeare. (3)Observation of life,essays published in The London Magazine. 兰姆的文学生涯可以被分为三个阶段： （1）早期文学创作，包括四首十四行诗、最著名的诗《熟悉的老面孔》、一部传奇剧、一首诗剧和一部失败的戏剧。 （2）文学批评，关于莎剧、华兹华斯的《远足》等；基于经典名著重写的故事，最著名的
英国文学作家作品总结
一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1343~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 作品： ①
英国文学史_复习资料大二英语专业必考
一．作家作品连线 1.GeoffreyChaucer乔叟——TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事)，TheBookofTheDuchess（公爵夫人之书）、TheParliamentofFowls（百鸟会议）TheHouseofFame(声誉之堂)、TroilusandCriseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德） 2.WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet,RomeoandJuliet,Sonnet TheMerchantofVenice，HenryIV，TwelfthNight，KingLear，Macbeth Othello,Winter’sTale,TheTempest 3.FrancisBacon培根——OfMarriageandSingleLife（论婚姻和单身）,OfStudies,AdvancementofLearning,NewAtlantis,Essays 4.JohnDonne邓恩(Metaphysicalpoems玄学派诗人)——SongandSonnets（歌与十四行诗）TheGood-Morrow,BreakofDay,HolySonnets（圣十四行诗）,AttheRou ndEarth’sImaginedCorners,Below,Death,BenotProud,Eleg ies,OnHisMistress,ToHisMistressGoingtoBed 5.JohnMilton弥尔顿——ParadiseLost（失乐园）、ParadiseRegained（复乐园）SamsonAgonistes（力士参孙）,Lycidas(利西达斯），Areopagitica, 6.DanielDefoe笛福——TheLifeandstrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、CaptainSingleton(辛格顿船长)、MollFlanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）AJournalofthePlagueYear（大疫年日记）、Roxana（罗克萨娜） 7.JonathanSwift斯威夫特——Gulliver’sTravels（格列佛游记）ATaleofaTub（一只桶的故事）,AModestProposal（一个温和的建议）,TheBattleoftheBooks,TheDrapier’sLetter,JournaltoStella
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