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第2章 汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇)

第2章 汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇)
第2章 汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇)

“文化”(culture)

物质文化(material culture)

制度文化(institutional culture)

心理文化(也称观念文化)(mental culture)咖啡(coffee)、

巧克力(chocolate)、

色拉(salad)、

三明治(sandwich)、

歇斯底里(hysteria)、

休克(shock)、

基因(gene)、

钙(calcium)、

维他命(vitamin)、

奥林匹克(Olympic)、

雷达(radar)、

先令(shilling)、

夹克(jacket)、

电视(television)、

激光(laser)、

飞机(aeroplane)、

火车(train)、

交响乐(symphony)、

基督徒(Christian)、

面包(bread)、

盲文(brail)、

圣诞老人(Santa Claus)、

圣经(Bible)、

马海毛(mahair)、

贝雷帽(beret)、

革命(revolution)

、营养(nourish)、

解放(liberate)、

民主(democracy)、

科学(science)、

独裁(dictatorship)、

心理学(psychology)、

形而上学(metaphysics)、

图书馆(library)、

想象(imagination)、

暗示(hint)、

投资(investment)

磁卡电话(card phone)、

立交桥(overpass)、

隐形眼镜(contact lenses)、

下拉菜单(pulldown)、

软驱(floppy drive)、

光驱(CD drive)、

鼠标(mouse)、

电脑(computer)、

内存条(RAM chip)、

复印机(xerox machine)、

安乐死(euthanasia)、

艾滋病(AIDS)、

香波(shampoo)、

连锁店(chain store)、

热狗(hot dog)、

自助餐(buffet)、

牛仔服(cowboy suit)、

T恤衫(T-shirt)

意合(parataxis)

隐性(covertness)

显性(overtness)

形合(hypotaxis)

伦理(ethics)

认知(cognition)

顺其自然(Let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency)、

听其自然(leave the matter as it is; take the world as it is)、

听天安命(accept the situation)、

听天由命(be at the mercy of nature; be left to God's mercy; let fate have its way; submit the will of Heaven; wait for one's fate)。

individualism(

不管别人怎样做)只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为;我行我素

个体主义”。

整体(integrity)

综合性(synthetic)

个体(individuality)、

分析性(analytic)

直觉(intuition)

实证(evidence)

天人合一”(The Unity of Man and Heaven

形象思维(figurative thinking)

逻辑思维(logical thinking)

表象(presentation)

天亮(daybreak; dawn

明枪易躲,暗箭难防(It is easy to dodge a spear thrust in the open, but difficult to guard against an arrow shot from hiding)、

脚踩两只船(比喻因为对事物认识不清或存心投机取巧而跟两方面都保持联系,straddle two boats; have a foot in either camp)、

脚踏实地(have a down-to-earth manner)、

胆小如鼠(as timid as a mouse; chicken-hearted)、

顶天立地(dauntless; of gigantic stature; of indomitable spirit; giant)、

调虎离山(1ure the tiger out of the mountains; lure the enemy away from his base)、丢盔弃甲(throw away everything in headlong flight)、

哭笑不得(形容处境尴尬,不知如何是好,not know whether to laugh or to cry; find sth. both funny and annoying)、

枯木逢春(比喻重获生机,get a new lease of life)、

居高临下(处在高处,俯视下面,形容处于有利的地位,occupy a commanding position)、蒙在鼓里(be kept in the dark)。英美人也用具体形象词语比喻抽象的事物,但常常喜欢用抽象名词指代具体事物。

棍子stick)、

锅wok

汉藏语系(Sino-Tibetan Family

印欧语系(Indo-European Family)

文字(script)

书面语言(system of writing

表意文字(ideographic script

音节文字(ideographic-oriented syllabic script)

字(character

词(word

偏旁部首(radical

语素(morpheme)

拼音文字(alphabetic script

象形字(pictagraph

指事字(indicative character

会意字(associative character

形声字(morpheme-phonetic character

音素(phoneme

韵母(final

声母(initial

元音(vowel

辅音(consonant)

汉语拼音字母(pinyin

国际音标(international transcription

声调语言(tonal language

重读音节(stressed syllable

语调语言(intonation language

第一音节(scholar, family

倒数第三个音节(psychology

主重音(primary stress

次重音(secondary stress) (magazine

双重音(double stress)

实词(content words

虚词(form words

音节文字(ideographic-oriented syllabic script) 拼音文字(alphabetic script

合成法(compounding

缀合法(affixation)

音变法(sound-changing

缩略法(abbreviation

重叠法(reduplication

转换法(conversion

逆构词法(back-formation

截短法(clipping

超短波

ultrashort waves

超短裙

Miniskirt

超标准

Superstandard

超语言符号

extralinguistic signs

超代数

Hyperalgebra

超大气压

Overpressure

超高频

ultra-high frequency。

命根子(lifeblood

胖子(fatty

矮子

Shorty

垫叶子

cushion, mat

掸子(duster

骗子(swindler)。

doom (n. 毁灭、末日

deem (v. 认为)

house (n. 房屋

house (v. 留宿)。

北大

Beida (Peking University)

清华

Tsinghua (Tsinghua University

央视

CCTV (Central China Television Station 华中师大

CCNU (Central China Normal University 安琪儿(angel

桑巴(samba

马拉松(marathon

扑克(poker

幽默(humour

卡路里(calorie)

康乃馨(carnation)

篮球(basketball

交响乐(symphony

工会(trade union

智商(IQ)

冰淇淋(ice cream

咖哩粉(curry

汉堡包(hamburger)

爵士乐(jazz

绷带(bandage

嘉年华会(carnival

litchi (荔枝

loquat (枇杷

kaoliang (高粱

jiaozi (饺子

ginseng (人参

sampan (舢板

kowtow (叩头

kung fu (功夫

makjong (麻将

mu (亩

yuan (元

jin (斤

panda (熊猫

moon cake (月饼

China rose (月季

mandarin duck (鸳鸯

tael (银两

empty word (虚词

gold fish (金鱼

Peking Opera (京剧

brick tea (砖茶

医生(仔仔细细)给病人作了检查。

The doctor examined the patient very, very carefully.

一眼望去,(疏疏的)林,(淡淡的)月,衬着蔚蓝的天,颇像荒江野渡光景;……

As one looked into the distance, the sparse trees and pale moon set off by the blue sky offered a view like that at a deserted ferry on a desolate river.

(朱自清《桨声灯影里的秦淮河》,胡士光译)

他很听话,我的话(句句)听。

He was very obedient and always did as I told him.

“句句”在这里强调“听话”的程度,用“always did as I told him”译出了原文强调的程度。

警察监视着犯罪嫌疑人的(一举一动)。

The police kept close watch on the man under suspicion.

“一举一动”在下例中,便换了一种译法。

我们是新雇员,得注意自己的(一举一动)。

As new employees we must be careful about what we do.

果品

fresh and dried fruits

strawberry (草莓

blackberry (黑莓

blueberry (蓝莓

raspberry (钩子

holly berries (泡叶栒子

模糊词(fuzzy words

中国古代气论(theory of vitality

元气

primordial Qi

气虚

Qi deficiency。

做家务

do the housework、do the house chore

做大扫除

do general cleaning

扫地

洗碗

洗衣服

擦玻璃

做饭

擦皮鞋

倒垃圾

sweep the floor、do the dishes、wash clothes、clean glasses、cook meals、shine leather shoes、dump rubbish。

搽药apply lotion (or ointment)

搽粉powder one's face

搽雪花膏put on vanishing cream

(1) 探春笑道:“只恐又是你的杜撰。”宝玉笑道:“除《四书》外,杜撰的太多,偏只我是杜撰不成?”

“You're making that up, I'm afraid,”teased Tan Chun. “Most works, apart from the FOUR BOOKS, are made up; am I the only one who made things up?” he retorted with a grin. (杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

(2) 贾母笑道:“你不认得他,他是我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户儿,南省俗谓作‘辣子’,你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。”

“You don't know her, ”said Grandmother Jia merrily. “She's a holy terror this one. What we used to call in Nanking a ‘peppercorn’. You just call her ‘Peppercorn Feng’. She'll know who you mean!” (David Hawkes 译)

(3) 贾母笑道:“外客未见,就脱了衣裳,还不去见你妹妹!”

With a smile at Pao-yu, the Lady Dowager scolded, “Fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitor. Hurry up now and pay your respects to your cousin.”(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

(4) 贾母笑道:“可又是胡说,你又何曾见过他?”

“You're talking nonsense again,”said his grandmother, laughing. “How could you possibly have met her?” (杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

词义相符(semantic correspondence)

沙漠(desert

蔬菜(vegetabl

工厂(factory

历史博物馆(history museum

历史遗产(historical heritage

温室效应(greenhouse effect

环境保护(environmental protection

狐狸(fox

(1) 他是只狡猾的老狐狸。

He is an old fox.

(2) 他们的拉车姿势,讲价时的那随机应变,走路时的抄近绕远,都足以使他们想起过去的光荣,而且用鼻翅扇着那些后起之辈。”

(老舍《骆驼祥子》)

Their pulling posture, their adroit bargaining, their shrewd use of short-cuts or circuitous routes are enough to make them relive past glories and turn up their noses at the younger generation.

(3) 那本书的作者似乎没有自己的观点,书里都是人云亦云的东西。

That book, whose author doesn't seem to have his own viewpoints, is full of parrot-learned knowledge.

(4)岛之西南海边,有一块巨大的岩石,(中空),人可穿行其间

(5)At the southwest end of the islet, there is a huge rock with a big hole in the center through Which people Can walk to and fro.

(5) 全岛6300户(人家),共有200多架钢琴。(同上)

Of 6300 households on the islet, more than 200 have a piano at home.

词义相异(semantic non-correspondence)

三羊开泰”(Three Rams Bring Bliss

形容凶悍强暴的人,尤指悍妇或母夜叉(fierce person, esp a woman OALED

长生鸟”(mythical bird of the Arabian desert, said to live for several hundred years before burning itself and then rising born again from its ashes OALED

龙凤呈祥”(Dragon and Phoenix Bringing Prosperity

文化休克(culture shock

词义空缺(semantic zero)

糖葫芦Tanghulu, a sugar-coated fruit on the stick which is a kind of children's favourite food in winter

文房四宝the four treasures of the study (writing brush, inkstick, inkstone and paper)

文明礼貌月Socialist Ethics and Courtesy Month

章草zhangcao (a cursive hand formerly used in memoria1s to the throne)

站票standing-room-only tickets

特困生the most needy students

三八红旗手a woman pace-setter

三八式干部a thirty-eighter (a person who joined the revolution in l938)

三教九流people in various trades (derog.)

一日之长a slight superiority

一穷二白poor and blank

乌纱帽an official post

五星红旗the Five-Starred Red Flag (the national flag of the People's Republic of China) 五岳The Five Sacred Mountains (Taishan, the Eastern Mountain in Shangdong Province; Hengshan, the Southern Mountain in Hunan Province; Huashan, the Western Mountain in Shaanxi Province; Hengshan, the Northern Mountain in Shanxi Province; Songshan, the Central Mountain in Henan Province)

五经The Five Classics (The Book of Poetry, The Book of History, The Book of Changes, The Book of Rites, and The Spring and Autumn Annals)

小句(clause

单句(simple sentence

简单句(simple sentence

复杂句(multiple sentence

并列句(compound sentence

复合句(complex sentence

主语(subject

谓语(verb

宾语(object

补足语(complement

状语(adverbial

间宾(indirect object

直宾(direct object

意合(parataxis

形合(hypotaxis

①我常见许多青年的朋友,②聪明用功,③成绩优异,④而语文程度不足以达意,⑤甚至写一封信亦难得通顺,⑥问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。(梁实秋《学问与趣味》)

I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends (who) have done exceedingly well in their studies, but are rather weak in Chinese. (They) cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. (When I) asked them why, (they) said they were not interested in the Chinese language.

篇章(text

信息结构(information structure)

主位(theme)

述位(rheme

主题(topic

述题(comment

主题显著(topic-prominent

意念主轴(thought-pivot

主语显著(subject-prominent

主谓主轴(subject-predicate-pivot

衔接手段(cohesive devices)

照应(co-reference anaphora)。

外指(exophoric

内指(endophoric

回指(anaphoric

下指(cataphoric

(4)爸爸妈妈,你们也买个钱罐存钱吧。你们没钱用了罐子就会把肚肚里的钱掏出来给你们的。

Daddy, Mummy, please buy a piggie for yourselves. When you have no more money, the piggie will open its tummy and give you money.

(《童心》,居祖纯译)

(5)这幅画是一部用思考和修养完成的杰作,它既有历史感又有现代艺术语言的独特性。

The painting is a masterpiece reflecting deep insight and artistic attainments; it expresses a sense of history by using specific modern artistic vocabulary.

(6)稍稍能安慰我们的,是在那石上有一个不大不小的坑凹儿,雨天就盛满了水。

The only thing had interested us in the ugly stone was a little pit on top of it , which was filled with water on rainy days.

(贾平凹《丑石》,刘荣跃译)

(7)这种力,使一般人看不见的生命力,只要生命存在,这种力就要显现,……

It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself.

(8)A:苹果在哪里?Where are the apples?

B:在那边。Over there.

(9)人到了老年,会有一种似乎奇怪又不奇怪的现象:即发生在昨天的事,倒会忘得一干二净;而几十年前对自己印象极深的事情,却像是昨天刚发生一样,记得一清二楚。

我对于我的中学美术老师胡纯浦先生的怀念,就是这样。

When you are getting on in years, you tend to have a feeling that seems rather odd but, in fact, not very much so: what happened to you just a couple of days ago, you clean forget about it, but what happened as long as decades earlier with a sharp impact on you, you remember as clearly as if it had occurred yesterday.

This is how I feel about Mr.Hu Chunpu, my middle school fine art teacher.

(10)一路上吃了半斤炒栗子,睡了一会儿觉,就到了北京。

We ate half a jin of roast chestnuts, had a nap and soon arrived in Beijing.

(11)还是从火车上说起吧

(12)Let me begin with my trip on the train.

(12)我现在对我原来的父母还有个模糊不清的印象……关于我个人的历史情况,我就知道

(13)

this is what I know about my childhood and beyond that I do not remember much else 。

结构衔接(structural cohesion)

⑴①我仍旧站在那颗柿子树下,望着树梢上那个孤零零的小火柿子。②它那红得透亮的色泽,依然给人一种喜盈盈的感觉。③可是我却哭了。④哭那陌生的,但却疼爱我的卖

灶糖的老汉。

①I stood under the persimmon tree, looking at the lone little persimmon.②Its flaming redness was a joyous sight, but I cried for the strange old candy peddler who had been so fond of me.

替代(substitution

⑵——我能看看那条围巾吗?

——可以。哪一条?红的还是黑的?

—May I have a look at that scarf?

—Yes. Which one? The red one or the black one?

⑶——谁愿意和我们一起打篮球?

——我不干。

—Who'd like to play basketball with us?

—No, I won't.

⑷——他们总是把房间搞得乱七八糟。你怎么也这样呢?

—They've always made a mess of the room. Why have you, too?

⑸——我想买一套家具。

——买大连出的(家具)吧!

— I want to buy a set of furniture.

— Buy one (set of furniture) made in Dalian.

⑹——我们到那里去春游?

——(我们到)磨山(去春游)。

—Where shall we go for a spring outing?

—(We'll go to)Moshan (for a spring outing)

⑺——你决定了毕业后去西藏工作吗?

——当然!(我决定了毕业后去西藏工作。)

—Have you made up your mind to work in Tibet after graduation?

—Sure!(I've made up my mind to work in Tibet after graduation.)

对偶(antithesis

排比(parallelism

对照(contrast

顶针(anadiplosis

回环(palindrome

层递(climax

反复(repetition

⑻虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。(对偶)

Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

⑼燕子去了,有再来的时候;杨树枯了,有再青的时候;桃花谢了,有再开的时候。但是,聪明的,你告诉我,我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?(排比)

Swallows fly away, yet return; willows wither, yet burgeon again; peach-blossom fades, yet

blooms afresh. But tell me, you who are wise, why do our days depart never to return?

⑽大红花一朵朵全被拉长了,这时是泼刺奔进的红锦带。带织入狗中,狗织入白云中。白云织入村女中……

Each of the great crimson flowers stretched out now into rippling red silk belts. The belts interwove with the dogs, the dogs with the white clouds, and the white clouds with the country girls.

⑾我为人人,人人为我。

One for all, all for one

⑿人不犯我,我不犯人。

We will not attack unless we are attacked.

⒀长相知才能不相疑,不相疑才能长相知。

Only by being well acquainted with each other can we be free from suspicions, and only without suspicions can we always keep bosom friends with each other.

⒁①一年,两年,三年,你的望眼将穿,②一年,两年,三年,我的归心似箭。

Year in year out you've been looking forward with eager expectation to my home-coming; year in year out I've been looking forward with great anxiety to returning home.

⒂我们自由呀!

我们自由呀!

一切的一,自由呀!

一的一切,自由呀!

自由便是你,自由便是我!

自由便是“他”,自由便是火!

We are free!

We are free!

The one that is all is free!

The all that is one is free!

Freedom is you, freedom is me!

Freedom is “he ”,freedom is fire!

词汇衔接(lexical cohesion

反复(repetition

搭配(collocation

上义词(superordinate

概括词general word

下义词(subordinate

具体词specific word

(16)普之仁领我穿着茶花走,指点着告诉我这叫大玛瑙,那叫雪狮子,这是蝶翅,那是大紫袍,名目花色多得很。后来他攀着一株茶树的小干枝说:“这叫童子面,花期迟,刚打着朵,开起来颜色深红,倒是最好看的。”

Taking me through the groves of camellias , Pu Zhiren told me the names of different varieties : Giant Agate,Butterfly wing, Giant Purple Robe and many others. Then, taking hold of a small branch of a camellia tree, he said, “This is Baby Face . As it blooms late, it's only just in bud. With deep red blossoms, it's really most beautiful.”

(17)孔乙己便涨红了脸,额头上的青筋条条绽出,争辩道,“窃书不能算偷……窃书……读书人的事,能算偷么?”

At that Kong Yiji would flush, the veins on his forehead standing out as he protested,“Taking books can't be counted as stealing…Taking books…for a scholar…can't be counted as stealing.”

(18)改革开放以来,中国的迅速发展使世人为之惊叹。

Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, China's rapid development has shocked the world.

(19)他三年前创办的小商店已发展为在全国有20家连锁店的大公司了。

The store he established three years ago has been expanded into a big firm with 20 chain stores across the country.

(20)黄埔的夕潮不知怎的已经涨上了,现在沿这苏州河的两岸的各色船只都浮得高高的,舱面比码头还高了约半英尺。

The evening tide from the Whangpoo had turned imperceptibly, and now the assortment of boats along both sides of the creek were riding high, their decks some six inches above the landing-stages.

汉英翻译教程1

《汉英翻译教程》-作者不详,在此致谢! 第一章 词的选择 词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解,而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。有些词看起来很简单,翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。但又是最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。例如: 还要努力读一点历史和小说。 We should also find time to read some history books and novels. 这里“努力”一词理解为“挤出时间”是对的,如译为make an effort,则会使人误解为我们文化水平低,读历史和小说很费力。 再比如“水平”一词译成英语,不一定都是level, 要根据句子的含义确定译法。 1.他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I. 这里,汉语“水平”一词虽未译出,但其以已含在句子中。若照汉语字面应译成:The level of his English is higher than that of mine.就不符合英语表达习惯。 2.要奋发图强,把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。 We must work hard to r aise to a new height the military and political quality of our army……. 这里“水平”指高度,故译作height,和动词搭配也比较顺。 3.各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership. 这里的“领导水平”,实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership. 以上的例子说明一个词的具体含义往往要结合上下文才能确定,在翻译的时候也只有结合上下文来考虑怎样处理这个词,才能译得准确。因此在辨析词义和正确选词时可注意下列几种情况。 (一)注意词的广义与狭义 英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之区别,运用范围也就各不相同。例如 1.农业是国民经济的基础。 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 原文“农业”一词是广义,指一切农业经济(农、牧、林、渔),古译作agriculture。但在“农林牧副渔结合的方针”中,农与林木副渔并立,是指耕作的农业,不是指整个农业经济,古译作farming。整个词组应译为the principle of combining farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery. 2.他从不喝酒。 He never touches wine. 原文“酒”是指一切酒类,故译作wine。但在“他不喝烈性酒”一句中,“酒”是狭义,是和淡性酒相对而言的,又需译作spirits。 (二)注意词义的强弱 3.反动派的暴行激起了人民的极大愤怒。 The atrocities of the reactionaries roused the people to great indignation. 这里的“愤怒”含义强烈,故在译文中选用了indignation,而不用anger. 4.孙中山是个好人。 Dr. Sun Y et-sen was a man of integrity. 如果译作a good man, 则与这位伟大的革命先行者的身份不相称。 (三)注意词义的褒贬

陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(第2版)-第3章 词语的英译【圣才出品】

第3章词语的英译 3.1 复习笔记 一、词语指称意义与蕴涵意义的确定 1. 指称意义的理解与表达 指称意义是“词的确切和字面的意义”。并且一词多义的现象在语言中广泛存在。 在具体翻译时,应结合词语所处的具体搭配关系和语言环境对词语的指称意义进行全面、周密的分析。例: 他是我父亲。He is my father. 这姑娘是漂亮。This girl is really beautiful. 此人是书就读。This man reads every book he can reach. 是可忍,孰不可忍?If this can be tolerated, what cannot? 是古非今。Praise the past to condemn the present. 【解析】“是”在以上各句中的指称意义各不相同。第一句的“是”表示判断。第二句中的“是”应重读,表示“的确、实在”。第三句中的“是”表示“凡是”。第四句的“是”意为“这”,仅用于书面语中,“是”的这一用法已带有蕴涵意义了。第五句的“是”意为“认为正确”,作动词用,也是书面语。 2. 蕴涵意义的理解与表达 蕴涵意义指词语内含的情感和联想意义,是词语的隐含意义。主要体现在词语的修辞色彩、文体特征、文化内涵等方面。 ★汉语词语的语言形式往往具有浓厚的修辞色彩,集中体现在汉语的国俗词语中,如俗

语、成语、歇后语等等。翻译此类词语时,译者可采用直译等方法尽可能在译文中反映出原文独特的文化信息和审美价值。例: 宝钗笑道:“不用问,狗嘴里还有象牙不成!”(曹雪芹《红楼梦》) “I don’t have to ask,” retorted Pao-chai. “One doesn’t expect ivory from a dog’s mouth.”(杨宪益、戴乃迭译) ★词语的蕴涵意义还体现为词语的文体特征。两个指称意义相同的词在文体上常有庄谐、雅俗之分。 ★汉语中的颜色词、叠词、数词等词汇往往具有丰富的蕴涵意义,译者在翻译这类词语时应充分考虑到它们在汉语语言文化中的特殊内涵,注重其蕴涵意义在译文中的再现。 二、词语英译与语言语境 词义与语境关系密切。“每个词在一个新的语境中就是一个新词”(Each word when used in a new context is a new word。)所以,汉译英时应结合具体的语境对词语进行分析。 1. 根据语言语境确定原文词义 搭配(collocation)指的是语言系统内各个语言成分的同现和组合,是语言语境的重要组成部分。所以,汉译英时可根据词语的搭配关系确定词义。例如“红包”一词的翻译:过年、婚庆、生日等场合所送的红包指的是“礼金”,应译成gift money; 单位在节假日时发的红包指的是“奖金”,应译作bonus; 行贿时所送的现金也称作“红包”,应译作bribes。 2. 根据语言语境选择译文用词 语言中存在着大量的近义词。在翻译的表达阶段,译者常常需要根据译语的语言语境来

英汉翻译基础教程练习问题详解总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances.

新编汉英翻译教程-第一周

翻译理论与实践 Introduction of the course(高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲): 1)培养目标(p1) 2)课程描述(p25)笔译 3)英语专业课程设置:专业技能;必修课;高年级 4)教学要求:翻译(八级要求p10) Selection of texts: 1) 孙致礼《新编英汉翻译教程》 陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(“十五”规划教材) 2)彭长江《英汉-汉英翻译教程》(修订本) 3)自编练习与对照读物。 课程考核: 平时课堂及作业占30%,期末占70% 教学目的:旨在让学生了解什么是翻译以及翻译的性质 教学重点与难点:翻译的定义和性质 教学方法:讲述与实例相结合 参考书目:陈宏薇,《新编汉英翻译教程》;孙致礼,《新编英汉翻译教程》;彭长江,《英汉-汉英翻译教程》。 Topic 1 Definition and Nature of Translation 教学目的:旨在让学生了解什么是翻译以及翻译的性质 教学重点与难点:翻译的定义和性质 教学方法:讲述与实例相结合 参考书目:孙致礼,《新编英汉翻译教程》;陈宏薇,《新编汉英翻译教程》;彭长江,《英汉-汉英翻译教程》 教学时间:2 节 1.What is “to translate”? The Oxford English Dictionary: “to turn from one language into another” “翻译是从一种语言转换成另一种语言” Taken literally, it can be given four meanings, according to concrete

汉英翻译基础教程期末考试总结

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二.翻译下列句子 (1)这是他们夫妻之间的事情,你去插一脚干吗? That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? (2)别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全,真是个顺风耳啊! You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. (3)这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. (4)她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. (5)我不敢班门弄斧,诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of(在……面前)an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten(启发,启蒙)us on this matter. (6)敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. (7)敌军军官听说后路已被切断,吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. (8)这些问题盘根错节,三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

(完整word)第2章汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇).doc

“文化”( culture ) 物质文化( material culture ) 制度文化( institutional culture ) 心理文化(也称观念文化)(mental culture)咖啡( coffee)、 巧克力( chocolate )、 色拉( salad)、 三明治( sandwich )、 歇斯底里( hysteria)、 休克( shock)、 基因( gene)、 钙( calcium)、 维他命( vitamin )、 奥林匹克( Olympic )、 雷达( radar)、 先令( shilling )、 夹克( jacket)、 电视( television )、 激光( laser)、 飞机( aeroplane)、 火车( train)、 交响乐( symphony )、 基督徒( Christian )、 面包( bread)、 盲文( brail )、 圣诞老人( Santa Claus)、 圣经( Bible )、 马海毛( mahair)、 贝雷帽( beret)、 革命( revolution ) 、营养( nourish )、 解放( liberate )、 民主( democracy)、 科学( science)、 独裁( dictatorship )、 心理学( psychology )、 形而上学( metaphysics)、 图书馆( library )、 想象( imagination )、 暗示( hint )、 投资( investment) 磁卡电话( card phone)、 立交桥( overpass)、 隐形眼镜( contact lenses)、

第2章 汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇)

“文化”(culture) 物质文化(material culture) 制度文化(institutional culture) 心理文化(也称观念文化)(mental culture)咖啡(coffee)、 巧克力(chocolate)、 色拉(salad)、 三明治(sandwich)、 歇斯底里(hysteria)、 休克(shock)、 基因(gene)、 钙(calcium)、 维他命(vitamin)、 奥林匹克(Olympic)、 雷达(radar)、 先令(shilling)、 夹克(jacket)、 电视(television)、 激光(laser)、 飞机(aeroplane)、 火车(train)、 交响乐(symphony)、 基督徒(Christian)、 面包(bread)、 盲文(brail)、 圣诞老人(Santa Claus)、 圣经(Bible)、 马海毛(mahair)、 贝雷帽(beret)、 革命(revolution) 、营养(nourish)、 解放(liberate)、 民主(democracy)、 科学(science)、 独裁(dictatorship)、 心理学(psychology)、 形而上学(metaphysics)、 图书馆(library)、 想象(imagination)、 暗示(hint)、 投资(investment) 磁卡电话(card phone)、 立交桥(overpass)、 隐形眼镜(contact lenses)、

下拉菜单(pulldown)、 软驱(floppy drive)、 光驱(CD drive)、 鼠标(mouse)、 电脑(computer)、 内存条(RAM chip)、 复印机(xerox machine)、 安乐死(euthanasia)、 艾滋病(AIDS)、 香波(shampoo)、 连锁店(chain store)、 热狗(hot dog)、 自助餐(buffet)、 牛仔服(cowboy suit)、 T恤衫(T-shirt) 意合(parataxis) 隐性(covertness) 显性(overtness) 形合(hypotaxis) 伦理(ethics) 认知(cognition) 顺其自然(Let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency)、 听其自然(leave the matter as it is; take the world as it is)、 听天安命(accept the situation)、 听天由命(be at the mercy of nature; be left to God's mercy; let fate have its way; submit the will of Heaven; wait for one's fate)。 individualism( 不管别人怎样做)只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为;我行我素 个体主义”。 整体(integrity) 综合性(synthetic) 个体(individuality)、 分析性(analytic) 直觉(intuition) 实证(evidence) 天人合一”(The Unity of Man and Heaven

汉英翻译基础教程 第1章 练习参考答案

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances. 2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them?

《英汉翻译基础教程》 笔记及习题(篇章翻译)【圣才出品】

第7单元篇章翻译 7.1 复习笔记 语篇通常指一系列连续的语段或句子构成的语言整体。语篇包括“话语”(discourse)和“篇章”(text)。语篇特征为:连贯、衔接,且具有明确的论题结构。 一、衔接 根据Halliday和Hasan的著作《英语中的衔接》,衔接手段大致可分为两种:语法衔接手段(grammatical cohesion)和词汇衔接手段(lexical cohesion)。前者又可以包括指称(reference)、省略(ellipsis)、替代(substitution)和连词(conjunction)。 1. 指代 指代主要分为三类:人称指代、指示指代和比较指代。 英语中,为了实现衔接,一般尽量采用代词指代前面出现的名词。汉语倾向于重复前文出现的名词,或者采用“零式指称”,省略主语。例: My friend looked somewhat ill at ease when he told me this: At the time when he bought this big house, his children had all been at school. Now they had their own homes and jobs. 【译文】朋友有点不好意思地说,买这座房子时,孩子们还在上学,如今都成家立业了。 2. 省略

省略可以分为名词省略、动词省略和小句省略。例: I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 【译文】我有很多美妙的想法,但是只把少数付诸实践了。 3. 替代 “替代”指用较简短的语言形式替代上文中的某些词语,使行文简练流畅。 (1)名词替代比较常见的是使用one代替前文出现的某个名词。例: Carrie picked out the new abode because of its newness and bright wood—work. It was one of the very new ones supplied with steam heat, which was a great advantage.(Sister Carrie, Dreiser, T) 【译文】嘉莉选中这套新居所,是因为它是新建的,而且房间的木质部分色泽鲜亮,屋里有暖气,这是当时最新的房子才有的。 【分析】原文中,ones替代了abode;译文中,“房子”与其前面的“居所”构成同义词。 (2)动词替代经常是用助动词do的几种形式来代替前文出现的某个动词或动作意义。例: And yet this John Openshaw seems to me to be walking amid even greater perils than did the Sholtos. 【译文】可是在我看来,这个约翰·奥彭肖似乎是正在面临着比舒尔托更大的危险。 【分析】原文中,did替代了walked amid peril;译文中,该处同样进行了省略处理。 (3)小句替代使用指示代词指代前文出现的某一小句或者某一概念。例: “Well, I’ve got twenty-two dollars, but there’s everything to be paid for this

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water

play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now

新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)期末考试比较a与b题型归纳

新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)期末考试比较a 与b题型归纳 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1714881735.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR

以下是课本几乎所有有a,b 的都收集起来了,已经超过老师所说的20多条的.....自行挑着看,重点看第四章!!!其他爱看不看啦... 2.金桂湖位于武汉的南部后花园一一咸宁市咸安区南川水库。 9页 a.Jingui Lake, which lies in the south part of Wuhan, called the Back Garden—the Nanchuan reservoir. b. Jingui Lake is located in the Southern back garden of Wuhan— the reservoir of Xian an district of Xianning. C. Jingui Lake lies in the area of Nanchuan Reservoir, Xian'an District, Xianning, which is reputed as the Back Garden to the south of Wuhan 3.本书收集了有关他们(钱锺书、杨绛)生平与创作的资料,有关的评论文章,同时选 编了研究资料的目录索引,是研究钱锺书、杨绛的必备书。9页 a. It is a necessary book to study Qian Zhongshu and Yang Jiang, since it collects materials of their life and works as well as relevant comment writings,and compiles contents and index of the research materials. b.It includes materials of their life experiences, literary creation and related commentary essays. A bibliographic index is also presented here, which all the more entitles the book to a must for the research on the two. 练习四58页 1.这是民国六年的冬天,大风刮得正猛,我因为生计关系,不得不一早在路上走。 a. It's the winter of 1917. The wind was blowing hard, but I had to walk in the street to make a living. b. It happened during the winter of 1917. A bitter north wind was blowing but, to make a living, I had to be up and out early. 2.世事洞明皆学问,人情练达即文章。 a. The world's affairs, well understood, are all scholarship. Human relationships, maturely experienced, are already literature. b. True learning implies a clear insight into human activities. Genuine culture involves the skilful manipulation of human relationships. 3.这尊塑像站了几百年了,他觉得这是一种苦役。 a. Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue had now come to detest it as a kind of forced drudgery. b. Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue felt that it was hard labor. 13.西风,秋水,雁阵,衔着落日的远山,交融在一起,更增添打猎者的无限兴致。 (徐光兴《枪口》) 66页 a. The joy of hunters was enhanced by the west wind, the autumn stream and the wild geese mingled with the distant mountains that held the sinking sun.

汉英翻译教程

《汉英翻译教程》 练习1 1、翻译的任务是什么? 2、翻译有哪几种种类? 3、翻译的标准是什么? 4、如何正确理解和表达? 练习2 翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配: 1、那个受惊的小孩紧紧抓住他母亲的手。 2、他把自己的一生献给为人民服务的事业。 3、新生儿需要细心护理。 4、该委员会由五人组成。 5、我借一下你的电话好吗? 练习3 翻译下列各句,根据需要增补适当的词语: 1、中国总是要前进的。 2、你想看这本书,就先看吧。 3、所有公民在法律面前一律平等。 4、他们一听说有新任务就坐不住了。 5、只要中国人民积极奋斗,这个宏伟的战略目标是能够达到的。练习4 翻译下列各句,注意省略: 1.新老干部要互相学习,互相帮助,取长补短。 2.他一开口总是三句话不离本行。 3.每条河流都有上游、中游和下游。 4.一五一十地都给父母讲了。 5.他们是亲密无间的朋友。 练习5 翻译下列各句,注意划线部分词类的转换: 1.中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹,在全世界引起了巨大的反响。2.共产党员应该吃苦在前,享受在后。 3.我们觉得解决这个问题并不难。 4.我们科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际。 5.社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。 练习6 翻译下列各句,注意划线部分在句中的位置: 1.他们最近的成就表明他们所取得的巨大进步。 2.这是唯一可能的解决的办法。 3.不论晴雨,我们明天非去不可。 4.我们必须清楚了解所有牵涉到的问题。

5.我率领的部队南征北战,越战越强。 练习7 翻译下列各句,注意运用语态变换的方法:1.关于这个问题,已经说得很多了。 2.医院立即收下那个重伤的男孩。 3.认识落后,才能改变落后。 4.这篇文章需要再润色一下。 5.他的话使我感到莫名其妙。 练习8 翻译下列各句,注意恰当运用正说与反说的技巧:1.他的暗示没有引起我的注意。 2.你恐怕弄错了。 3.他不在,我感到很寂寞。 4.只要他没有病倒,他是不会不来的。 5.是重力使我们不致于从地球上抛出去。 练习9 采用适当的方式翻译下列无主句: 1.以其人之道,还治其人之身。 2.前头坐着一位老人。 3.没有矛盾,就没有世界。 4.不入虎穴,焉得虎子。 5.忠诚党的教育事业。 练习10 将下列汉语省略句译成英语省略句: 1.妈妈买了一架电视机。 2.象是要下雨的样子。 3.多年来一直喝这种苦药,我真是喝够了。 4.他有自己的打算,但不愿向别人谈论。 5.这件事你不懂,就别再操心了。 练习11 翻译下列各句,注意“得”字句补语的译法:1.她伤心得大哭起来。 2.床收拾得很整齐。 3.他兴奋得说不出话来。 4.他累得走不动了。 5.她的头发长得几乎拖地了。 练习12 翻译下列各句,注意“把”字词组的译法:1.今天是什么风把你吹来了? 2.他们把我们看做自己家里人。 3.不要把你的衣服弄脏了。 4.母亲把孩子叫回来复习功课。 5.那意味着把工作交给他了。

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考: 翻译教学和研究的经验表明:翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧,如选词(Diction)、转换(Conversion)、增补(Amplification)、省略(Omission)、重复(Repetition)、替代(Substitution)、变换(Variation)、倒臵(Inversion)、拆离(Division)、缀合(Combination)、阐释(Annotation)、浓缩(Condensation)、重组(Reconstruction),以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法,都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换,也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难,归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此,对比、分析和归纳这些差异,便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译,也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析,人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性,在进行交际时,能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法,以顺应这些差异,防止表达错误,避免运用失当,从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能,《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来,“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”,但同时,“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译,译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的,既是精神的,也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中,经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇,他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述:描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇,也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的,是语言与文化层面的逻辑性,这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说:“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性,而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现,相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象,我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏,因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意,如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意,但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间,迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间,英语与法语的天平有所侧重,在两者的遭遇中,译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思,相反,在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中,他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说:“只有在接触外语时,我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷,因此,只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我,可作一明镜,从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上,与异语文化的接触,有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足,便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养,弥补自身,丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中,纪德亲历了种种障碍,他结合翻译中的具体例证,作了某

第3章_词语英译(新编汉英翻译教程_陈宏薇)【试题.知识点】

1、英军胜利地登上了小岛。 a. The British army climbed onto the island successfully. b. The British army landed on the island successfully. 析:“登”一词既有“爬、攀登”之意,又可理解为“登陆”。从本句的上下文来看,“登”这一动作的施动者是军队,对象是小岛而非高山,“登上”意为“登陆、上岸”,应译作land on ,而非climb onto 。 2、他对事情的进展情况也还满意。 He is quite satisfied with the way things went. 析:“也”在句中是表示程度的副词,不可作“同样”解,不应译为also 或as well 。 3、他是我父亲。He is my father. 这姑娘是漂亮。This is girl is really beautiful. 此人是书就读。This man reads every book he can reach . 是可忍,孰不可忍?If this can be tolerated, what cannot? 是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present 析:“是”在以上各句中的指称意义各不相同。第一句的“是”表示判断,第二句中的“是”必须重读,表示“的确、实在”,第三句中的“是”表示凡是,第四句的“是”意为“这”,仅用于书面语中,“是”的这一用法已带有蕴涵意义了。第五句的“是”意为“认为正确”,作动词用,也是书面语。所以,译文的表达也相应地有所不同。 4、知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。 When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge . (孔子《论语》,James Legge 译) 析:句中一连出现了五个“知”字,前四个“知”的词性与指称意义相同,都作动词“知道”解。在这种情况下,译者稍有大意就会将“是知也”中的“知”也理解为“知道”。然而这一理解在此句中无法自圆其说,因为“知之”也好,“不知”也罢,最后都“是知也”,这岂非有悖逻辑?因此,“是知也”中的“知”应作“学识修养”解。 5、南京的风俗:但凡新媳妇进门,三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜,发个利市。这菜一定是鱼,取“富贵有余”的意思。 The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish, which stands for fortune. (吴敬梓《儒林外史》,杨宪益、戴乃迭译) 析:“收拾”在《汉英词典》(外研社1995 年修订版)中相对应的译法有四种:( 1 )put in order; tidy; clear away (2 )get things ready; pack (3 )repair; mend (4 )settle with; punish ,其中任何一种解释都难以准确地表达“收拾”在此文中的意义,即“烹制、制作”。“收拾”的这一指称意义虽未被字典收录,但常常在口语中出现,细心的译者应该可以从“收拾”与“一样菜”的搭配关系以及上下文中找到线索,正确地理解并妥帖地表达它在此句中的意义。 3.1.2 蕴涵意义的理解与表达

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