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人教版英语八年级下册 知识点笔记

人教版英语八年级下册 知识点笔记
人教版英语八年级下册 知识点笔记

Unit1 What’s the matter?

1.What’s the matter with sb?

常用来询问别人怎么了,也用于医生询问病人有什么不舒服。

= What’s the trouble with sb

= What’s the problem with sb?

= What’s wrong with sb

=What happened to sb?

2.常见的患病表达:

1.Have a +身体部位+ache. I have a headache.

2.Have a+sore+身体部位I have a sore back.

3.Have a+ 病症She has a cold.

4.There is something wrong with +one’s+身体部位。

There is something wrong with my head. 我的头不舒服。

3.Should 情态动词,(can, may, must , could, will, would等)

Should+动词原形;

一般疑问句: Should +主语+V原形。。。。?

一般疑问句的回答:Yes,主语(对应人代)+should.

No, 主语(对应人代)+shouldn’t.

否定句:主语+shouldn’t+V原形。。。。。

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+should+主语+V原形?

4.反身代词的构成

由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词宾格加self或selves组成,意为“本人;亲自;自己”

一/二人称:My self, our selves, your self, your selves, 三人称:him self, her self, it self, them selves.

常见词组: learn sth by oneself 自学help oneself to…随便吃….

Enjoy oneself 玩得开心

5.lie,动词:撒谎,lied, lied, lying 名词: 谎言

lie,平躺,lay, lain, lying lie down 躺下

lay, 下蛋,布置,laid, laid, laying.

6.Without, 做介词,意为“没有;无”反义词为“with”后接名词

/代词宾格/动名词

7.动词固定搭配:

1.be used to doing sth…习惯做某事

2.have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难

=have difficulty (in) doing sth

=have trouble(in) doing sth.

3.mean doing sth 意为着做某事

mean to do sth 打算做某事

词汇(红色为重要词汇):

1.have a cold 感冒

2.have a fever 发烧

3.have a sore back 背痛

4.have a stomachache 胃痛

5.lie down and rest 躺下休息

6.see a dentist 看牙医

7.get an X-ray 拍X光片

8.take one’s temperature 量体温

9.cut oneself 割伤自己

10.put some medicine on….在。。。上敷药

11.take breaks = take a break=have a rest休息

12.in the same way 以同样的方式

13.shout for help 呼救

14.get off 下车get on 上车

15.to on e’s surprise 出乎某人的意料in surprise 吃惊地

be surprised at sth 对…感到惊讶be surprised to do sth 做某事感到惊

16.thanks to….多亏了…由于…(because of..)

17.fall down (from) (从…)摔下来

18.run it under water 用水冲洗

19.put your head down 低下头

20.have a nosebleed 流鼻血

21.get hit on the head 头部撞伤

22.get sunburned 被晒伤了

23.in control of 控制

24.mean life and death 意味着生死

25.sth run out=sth is used up某物耗尽

run out of sth= use sth up 耗尽某物

26.give up 放弃

27.get into…陷入;参与get out of..从…出来

28.right away 立即,马上= at once

29.take risks 冒险=take a risk

重点单词

Matter, lie down, rest, take one’s temperature, have a stomachache, take breaks, hurt, passenger, get off, trouble, right away, get into, herself, press, sick, breathe, ourselves, climber, be used to … accident, run out of , cut off, mean, get out of, importance, decision, spirit, death, give up ,

Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

1.动词不定式:to+动词原形。否定式:not to +动词原形。

1). 作宾语,用在want, like, hope, try, r等及物动词后,构成动宾结构“V+to do….”。例如:I want to buy a bike.

(wish, start/begin,forget, remember, decide, learn , volunteer….)

2). 作宾语补足语,用在ask, teach, tell, advise等动词后,构成“ V+ sb/sth +to do”的结构。例如:I ask Tom to bring me a book.

(order, wish, would like…..)

3).作主语,为了避免头重脚轻,用it作句子的形式主语。(特殊句型)例如:It is important for me to study English.

4).作表语,长位于系动词be之后。例如:My dream is to travel around the world.

5).作定语,位于所修饰的名词或代词后。例如:Who is the last student to leave.

6).作目的状语,表示行为的目的。例如:She goes there once a week to help kids.

特别注意:

1.表示感官的动词(see,hear, watch, feel, notice等)和某些

使役动词(let,make, have等), 其后可跟不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式通常省略to. 例如:He often makes us laugh.

2.当上述动词用于被动语态时,作主语补足语的不定式要带to.

例如:We are often made to laugh by him

3.动词help之后的不定式可带to, 也可不带to. 例如:I often

help students (to) study better.

2.动副短语:“动词+副词”构成。

当宾语为人称代词时,要放动词和副词的中间用宾格,当宾语为名词时,放在动词和副词的中间和后面都可以。

例如:put up the notice, put the notice up, put it up.

常见的动副短语:clean up, cheer up, call up, put up, fix up, cut up, look up, set up, give out, hand out, find out, help out, cut off, put off, take off, turn off, cut down, write down, turn down, put down, put on, turn on, give away, take away……..

3.in order to+动词短语,意为“为了….”= in order that/so that+ 句子

4.alone 单独的、单独地,独自一人地= by oneself= on one’s own,

live alone

Lonely,adj, 孤独的,偏远的。Feel lonely, live in a lonely island.

例句:He doesn’t feel lonely, although he lives alone.

尽管他独自生活,但他不感到孤独。

5.主语+make+it+adj+to do sth. 意为“主语让做某事。。。。。”

it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为“to do sth”.

类似的句型:主语+find+it +adj+to do sth. 意为“主语发现做某事。。。”

It作主语的句型:It’s +adj+(for/of sb)+ to do sth. 真正的主语为“to do…”

6.the+adj,表示一类人。如:the poor, 穷人;the rich 有钱人;the

disabled 残疾人;the blind 盲人;

7.动词短语区别:

put up 粘贴,put on穿上,put off推迟,put out 扑灭put..in把..放..里put… down 把…放下

8. 动词固定搭配:

1.Imagine doing sth 想象做某事(finish,enjoy,practice,mind, stand, keep, avoid)

2.Volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事

词汇(红色为重要词汇):

1.Clean up 打扫干净

4.Cheer up (使)振奋起来

1.Give out 分发,

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1716495250.html,e up with 想出;提出=think up

3.Put off 推迟

4.Hand out 分发

5.Call up 打电话给…征召

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1716495250.html,ed to be…过去常常是

7.Care for照顾= look after= take care of..

8.Try out..参加…选拔;试用

9.Raise money 集资,筹钱

10.Fix up修理

11.Give away赠送;捐赠

12.Take after (外貌或行为)像= be like

13.Set up 建立

14.Make a difference to…对…有影响,对…有作用

15.An after-school study program 一个课外学习项目

16.Make some notices 制作通知

17.At an old people’s home 在一个敬老院

18.Read the newspaper to sb 给某人读报纸

19.One day 某一天

20.Notice sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事

notice sb do sth 看到某人做某事的整个过程

21.at the age of+数字在多少岁的时候

22.be similar to 与…类似

23.be excited about…对…很兴奋

重点单词

Cheer up, give out, volunteer, come up with, put off, notice, hand out, call up, used to, lonely, care for, several, strong, feeling, satisfaction, joy, owner, journey, raise, alone, repair, fix up, give away, take after, broken, letter, set up, disabled, make a difference to, blind, deaf, imagine, difficulty, open, carry, train, excited, understand, change, interest,

Unit3 Could you please clean your room?

1.1).表示礼貌地提出请求的句型:Could you please do sth? (谓语动词

用原形)

该句型的肯定回答:Yes, I can./ Sure./ OK./ Of course./ Certainly./ No problem. (注意不能用could来回答)

该句型的否定回答:No, I can’t./ Sorry, I’m afraid not. / Sorry, I have to…(注意不能用could来回答)

该句型的否定句型为:Could you please not do sth?

2).情态动词could还可以表示过去的能力:I could play guitar at the

age of 5.

3).还可以表示征询许可,比can更加委婉:Could I use your book?

(本句型也多用can来回答,不用could来回答)

2. the minute意为“一。。。就。。。”= the moment= as soon as.. 引导时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的原则。

例如:My mother will be angry the minute I don’t do my homework well.

主将从现

3.1).neither两者都不,both两者都,none 三者都不,all三者都

Either两者之一。

2). 固定搭配:Neither…nor…,既不…也不….

Either….or…..要么。。。要么。。。。作主语,谓语动词遵循就近原则。例如:Neither Tom nor Kevin wants to go out.

3). Neither/Nor+情态动词/be动词/助动词+主语。意为“……..也不”

I don’t like watching TV. Neither does Kevin. (Nor does Kevin)

翻译:我不喜欢看电视。Kevin也不喜欢。

肯定句型:So+情态动词/be动词/助动词+主语。意为“…也一样”

例如:I am a teacher. So is Lucy. 我是一名老师。Lucy也是。

4.借:borrow 借入:borrow sth from….. 过去式:borrowed

Lend 借出:lend sth to……=lend sb sth 过去式:lent

Keep 表示一段时间的借, 如:keep the book for a week.

5.句型:There is a (no) need for sb to do sth. 某人有(没有)必要做某事。

=It’s (not)necessary for sb to do sth.

6.度量衡等名词作主语,表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金额等,被看作整体,谓语动词用单数。例如:8000 dollars is too much for me.

7. 动词固定搭配:

1.waste time/money(in) doing sth 浪费时间/金钱做某事

Waste time/money on sth 在某物上浪费时间/金钱。(用法似spend)

词汇(红色为重要词汇):

1.Provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb = offer sb sth

=offer sth to sb 为某人提供某物

2.Depend on….依赖;指望;取决于…

3.Take out the rubbish倒垃圾

4.All the time反复;频繁

5.Neither….nor…既不…也不。。。

6.As soon as…一….就…..= the minute= the moment

7.Borrow sth from sb 从某人那里借某物

8.Lend sth to sb= lend sb sth 把某物借给某人

9.In order to do…为了做。。

10.T ake care of…照顾= care for= look after

11.D o the dishes 洗碗

12.F old the clothes 叠衣服

13.S weep the floor 扫地

14.G et a ride 搭顺风车

15.A t least 至少at most 最多

16.T wo hours of TV 看两个小时的电视

17.I n a mess 脏乱make a mess in..把。。。弄得很乱

18.T hrow down 扔下

19.T ake the dog for a walk 去遛狗

20.I n front of…在…前面(外部范围前面)in the front of.(内部前面)

21.H ang out with sb 和某人出去闲逛

22.D o chores 做家务= do homework

23.P ass sb sth= pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人

24.H ate to do sth/ hate doing sth 讨厌做某事

25.a waste of time 浪费时间

26.g et good grades 取得好成绩

27.d evelop children’s independence 发展孩子的独立性

28.d o one’s part in doing sth 在做。。。中尽自己的责任

29.h ave no idea 不知道

30.f all ill生病

31.t he pros and cons利与弊

重点单词

Take out the rubbish, mess, throw, neither, as soon as, pass, borrow, lend, finger, hate, while, stress, waste, in order to, provide, anyway, depend on, develop, independence, fairness, since, take care of, ill, drop, independent, fair, unfair.

Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?

1.连词:until,although,so that

Until意为“直到…, 直到…才, 引导时间状语从句。搭配:not…until

直到。。。才。

Although,意为“即使,尽管”, 引导让步状语从句,=though, 不能与but 连用。

so that意为“以至于,为了”,引导目的或结果状语从句。

(So..that+句子如此。。。以至于。。。)

2.句型:Why don’t you do….?= Why not do….? 表示提出看法,征求

对方意见,意为“为什么不…….?”

表示建议的其它句型:1.What/How about+名词/动名词?

2.Let’s+ 动词原形

3.You’d better +动词原形。/ You’d better not +动词原形。

3. too many+可数名词复数,

Too much+不可数名词

Much too+形容词/副词

4.Whatever意为“无论什么”= No matter what

类似:Whoever=no matter who, whenever= no matter when…

5. instead+句子,/ 句子+instead

Instead of+短语

7.not….any more= no more 不再。。。(有时可以not..any longer=no

longer互换)

7.sometimes有时候,some times 几次,几倍

sometime某个时候some time 一些时间,一段时间

8.the+姓氏s,表示。。。一家人。

9. 动词固定搭配:

1.continue to do sth/ continue doing sth 继续做某事

2. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事allow doing sth 允许做某事

词汇(红色为重要词汇):

1.Look through 浏览

2.Big deal 重要的事

3.Work out 解决

4.Get on with …与。。和睦相处get along(well) with….

Get on badly with….与。。。相处得不融洽

5.Cut out 删除

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1716495250.html,pare…with…把…与…作比较compare…to…把…比作….

7.In one’s opinion 依某人的观点来看

8.Get a fight with…=have a fight with.. fight with…和。。。吵架/打架

Fight a lot经常争吵

9.Write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信

10.S urprise sb 使某人感到惊讶

11.G ive sth back to ..把某物还给。。。

12.B e angry with sb 生某人的气

13.A rgue with sb 和某人争论

14.E lder brother哥哥

15.E xplain sth to sb向某人解释某事

16.C ommunicate with sb和某人交流

17.C ompete with sb 和某人竞争

18.H ang over 悬挂在上空

19.C opy one’s homework抄袭某人的家庭作业

20.B e afraid of…害怕。。。担心。。

21.F ree time activities 业余活动

22.E ach other= one another 彼此;互相

23.P ush sb so hard 把某人逼得很紧

24.L ook for differences and similarities. 寻找异同

重点单词

Allow, wrong, look through, big deal, work out, get on with,elder, instead, whatever, nervous, offer, proper, secondly, explain, return, anymore, member, pressure, quick, compare, push, development, cause, in one’s opinion, perhaps

Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

1.过去进行时定义:表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间内正在

进行的动作。

结构:was/were+ v.ing

句型结构:肯定句:主语+was/were+ v.ing…..

否定句:主语+was/were+not+ v.ing….

一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+v.ing…….?

回答:Yes,主语+was/were.

No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.

时间标志词:at this time yesterday, at that time, at nine+过去的时间,when, while等引导的时间状语从句等。

2.When与while的区别:

while引导的时间状语从句只表示时间段,while要与延续性动词、表状态的词或进行时态连用。While 还可以表示“然而,却”,对比关系。When既可以与延续性动词连用,也可以与短暂性动词连用。也可与过去时态和进行时态连用。但是当两个动作同时发生时用While,不用when。(I was doing my homework while my sister was playing.)

3.beat与win的区别:

beat意为“打败”,后接比赛的对手、队伍、团体。过去式beat Win意为“获胜,赢得”,后接比赛、奖品、荣誉等。过去式won,

4.句型:find it+adj+(for sb)+ to do sth 发现做某事对于某人来说。。。

Find sb/sth doing sth 发现。。。正在做某事。

5.全部否定:当句子含有否定词no, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere,

neither, never等表达绝对否定含义的时候,叫全部否定。

例如:Nobody knows her. 没有一个人认识她。

部分否定:当含有全体意义的代词或副词all, each, every, both,, always ,often,等用于否定式谓语的句子中的时候,构成部分否定。

例如:Not everyone in the Africa is very poor.

在非洲,并非每一个人都非常贫穷。

6. 动词固定搭配:

1.remember to do sth 记得去做某事(还未做)

Remember doing sth 记得做过某事(已做过)

词汇(红色为重要词汇):

1.Go off (闹钟)发出响声

2.Rain heavily 下大雨= rain hard

3.Pick up 接电话;拾起,捡起;采摘;(开车)去接某人

4.At first 起初;起先

5.Fall asleep 进入梦乡;睡着

6.Die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失

7.Have a look (at)看一看(…)

8.Make one’s way to…在某人去。。。的路上(含有艰难前行之意)

9.In silence 沉默;无声

10.Take down 拆除;往下拽;记录

11.B egin to do sth= begin doing sth 开始做某事

Begin with…以…开始at the beginning of…在。。。的开头

12.Bring…close together 使。。。靠拢

13.B eat against the window 敲打窗户

14.I n a mess 一团糟

15.B reak…apart 使。。。分离

16.I n times of difficulty 在困难的时候

17.H ave meaning to….对。。。有意义

重点单词

Begin,heavily,pick up, strange, light, report, beat, against, at fist, fall asleep, die down, fallen, realize, make one’s way to… completely, in silence, recently, take down, date, truth.

Unit6

1.重要连词:

as soon as 一。。。就。。。用法:=the minute, 主将从现,(主过从过,主情从现,

主祈从现)

他一回家就开始做家庭作业。He will do my homework as soon as he comes home.

主将从现Unless 除非,如果不。用法:= if...not. (主将从现)

我不会给你买电脑,除非你努力学习。

I won’t buy you a computer unless you study hard.

=I won’t buy you a computer if you don’t study hard.

So..that+句子如此。。。以至于。。。

用法:so....that..与such...that 的区别: so+adj/adv+that,, such+名词+that.

They are so handsome that many people like them.

They are such handsome people that many people like them.

So+adj+a/an+名词单数+that。。。= such+a/an+名词单数+that。。。

例:He is such a good student that everyone likes him.

=He is so good a student that everyone likes him.

So+many/much/few/little+名词+that。。。

例:He has so much money that he can buy many things.

2.the+adj 表示。。。一类人。做主语为复数: the weak 弱者the poor穷人the rich 富人,the old 老人the disabled 残疾人the strong 强者

3.a little bit..= a little...= a bit...

not a bit...= not...at all 一点也不。not a little= very 非常

She is not a bit happy. = she isn’t happy at all. 她一点也不开心。

She is not a little happy.= She is very happy. 她非常开心。

4.Instead接句子,通常放在句末。instead of+短语意为“代替,而不是,相反,反而。。。”

5.the whole....= all the.....整个。。。。

6.Be made of....由。。。制成,看得出原材料The desk is made of wood.

Be made from....由。。。制成,看不出原材料The paper is made from wood. Be made in... 在哪里被制造

Be made into.....被制造成。。。。。

Be made by sb 被某人制造

7.Sound,指人能听到的任何声音

Voice 指说话声,歌唱声,鸟叫声等

Noise 指噪音

固定搭配:

1,fall in love with...爱上。。。

2,remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事/

remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事(未做)

remind sb of doing sth 提醒某人做某事(已做)

3,work on sth 从事某事work on doing sth 从事做某事

4,turn....into....把。。。变成。。。

5,Be weak in.....= be poor in...= be bad at...= do badly in...不擅长。。。

6,get married to sb 和某人结婚marry sb to sb. 把某人嫁给某人

7,Lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事lead sb to sw. 带领某人到某地

8, Can’t stop doing sth 忍不住做某事

9, Keep doing sth 坚持做某事

重点句型:

1.You have different opinions about the story.

翻译:你们对这个故事有不同的看法。

2.The story reminds us that you can never know what’s possible unless you try to make it happen.

翻译:这个故事提醒我们除非你尽力去实现它,否则你永远不知道什么是可能的。

重点词汇:

1.Once upon a time 从前

2.Instead of 代替,而不是

3.Send sb to do sth 派某人去做某事

4.a little bit 一点= a little = a bit

5.Keep sth for oneself 把某物留给自己

6.In the moonlight 在月光下

7.take 。。。away 把。。。带走

8.find one’s way out 找到出路

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1716495250.html,e out 出版,发行,上映,开花,升起

10.at other time 在其他时候

11.Be lost=get lost 迷路

12.For the first time 第一次

13.The main character 主要角色

14.fit sb= be fit sb 适合某人keep fit 保持身体健康

15.a couple of...几个。。。

16.Be interested in....= become interested in....对。。。感兴趣

17.Be moved by sb 被某人感动

重点单词:

weak, remind, a little bit, instead of, turn..into.., object, excite, fall in love with..., smile, get married to., nobody, wife, husband, whole, shine, voice, brave, lead.

Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?

1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级:

1.变化规则:

1)。一般直接加er和est. tall—taller—tallest

2). 以不发音的e结尾的,加r和st. late---later---latest

3). 以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i, 再加er和est.

happy—happier---happiest

4). 以重读闭音节结尾的辅元辅结构的,双写最后一个辅音字母,

再加er和est. big----bigger---biggest

5). 多音节和部分双音节词,在原级前加more和most。

quickly—more quickly---most quickly

6). 不规则变化:

Many/much------more-----most

Little----less------least

Good/well---better---best

Bad/badly---worse---worst

Far---farther---farthest

Further---furthest

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