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大学英语4翻译

大学英语4翻译
大学英语4翻译

新视野英语第四册翻译部分

Unit1

1.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。(other than)

The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been Developed.

2.研究结果表明,无论我们白天做了什么事情,晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。(may have done)

Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.

3.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力,以此来为自己的失败辩护。(justify sth.by) Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.

4.我们忠于我们的承诺:凡是答应做的,我们都会做到。(remain true to)

We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此,他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。(discount;be true of)

Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.

6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。(accuse sb.of sth)

They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.

Unit2

1.要是这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话,就会吸引更多的观众。(if...had+past participle,would+have+past participle)

If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted

a larger audience.

2.她从未对自己的能力失去信心,因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。(it is a possibility to)

She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become

a successful actress.

3.我从未受过正式培训,我只是边干边学。(go along)

I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.

4.随着产品进入国际市场,他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。(find one's way into)

As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.

5.她可以编造一个故事,说自己被窃贼打昏,所以的钱都没了,但她怀疑自己是否能让这故事听起来可信。(make up)

She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.

6.谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问,可是这引起了对他更多的批评。(on purpose) No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.

1.据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂,市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。(be reported to;look into) Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person.

2.这些工人后悔当时接收管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。(regret doing sth;yield to;be faced with)

These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.

3.你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格,它可以使你在卖东西时享受打折的优惠。(fill out)

You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.

4.不知为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了,结果他们比原计划晚到了三个小时。(break down) Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result they arrived three hours later than they had planned.

5.那位官员卷入了一场丑闻,数周后被迫辞职。(get involved in)

The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later. 6.这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立起自己的市场,生意日渐兴隆。(buuild up;one step at a time)

The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is thriving.

Unit5

1.这个小个男子并不如他看上去那么单纯。(not so...as)

This little man is not so innocent as he appears.

2.对这个问题我已束手无策了,所以你不妨去求助于王教授吧。(might as well)

There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.

3.双方高度评价了在不同领域合作取得的成果,并希望合作进一步加深。(speak highly of) Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that the cooperation can be furthered.

4.一方面,亲民形象能使新政策更易于被民众接受,另一方面,它也能“广直言之路,启进善之门”。(on the one hand,on the other hand)

On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted. On the other hand, it will "encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions".

5.他孤独的感觉时起时落,他有时会对自己、对宠物、对电视机唠叨不休。(rise and fall,at length)

His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the television.

6.毕竟,金钱不是万能的,最富有的人不一定是最幸福的。(after all)

After all, money is not everything. The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.

1.只要他守规矩,我倒不在乎他晚上在外呆得这么晚。(mind+V-ing)

1 don't mind his staying out so late as long as he behaves himself.

2.与其他计划相比,我更喜欢他的计划,因为我觉得没有任何一个计划比他的计划更实际。(no+singlar nouns or plural nouns; in that)

1 prefer his plan to others in that I think no plan is more practical than his.

3.他们与那家公司中断了生意来往,因为那家公司上一个财政年度损失惨重,已经破产了。(break off)

They broke off business relations with that company as it suffered huge losses in the last fiscal year and went bankrupt.

4.既然你不喜欢他,当初为什么还要邀请他参加你的生日晚会呢?(now that;in the first place)

Now that you don't like him, why did you invite him to your birthday party in the first place?

5.虽然知道获胜的可能性不大,但比赛失败后,我们多少还是有点沮丧。(more or less) Though we knew our chances to win were slim, we were more or less depressed when we lost in the game.

6.也许这是为进步而付出的代价,谁知道呢?(pay the price)

Perhaps this was the price that has to be paid for progress-who knows?

Unit10

1.无论你的智商有多高,你的看法都受到个人经历的局限,因此要学会吸纳他人有用的观点。(no matter...)

No matter how high your IQ is, your view is limited by the experience you have had and so you should learn to incorporate the useful perspectives of others.

2. 这个游戏非常有趣,他们谁也没有注意到时间的流逝。(Use inverted order of "so... that...";take note of)

So interesting was the game that none of them took note of the passage of time.

3.我一直在整理这些旧文件,看看哪些有用,哪些需要扔掉。(sort through)

I've been sorting through these old documents to see which are useful and which can be thrown away.

4.随着年龄越来越大,你应该考虑未来的计划。(reflect on)

As you get older you should reflect on future plans.

5. 他在演出中的亮相简直是个轰动。(nothing less than)

His appearance in the show was nothing less than a sensation.

6. 他们每个月都从工资中留出一笔钱,用于孩子将来的教育。(set aside)

Every month they set aside a particular amount of money from their salary for the sake of their kid's education in the future.

新视野大学英语四翻译

第一单元 The Doctrine of the Mean is the core ofConfucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confuciusdoesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding andhandling objective things. Confucius advocatedthat this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but alsobe integrated into one’s daily conduct to makeit a virtue through self-cultivation and training. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core ofConfucianism but also an important componentof traditional Chinese culture. From the time itcame into being to the present, it has played aninvaluable role in the construction of nationalspirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture. 中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”,而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待,而且还通过自身修养和锻炼,把它融入自己的日常行为当中,使之成为一种美德。中庸思想是儒家思想的

新编大学英语4课文翻译(包括课后文章翻译)和答案

Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1)certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words

新视野大学英语4读写教程翻译

一、 1.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。(otherthan) Theplantdoesnotgrowwellinsoilsotherthantheoneinwhichithasbeendeveloped. 2.研究结果表明,无论我们白天做了什么事情,晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。(mayhavedone) Researchfindingsshowthatwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwemayhav edoneduringtheday. 3.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力,以此来为自己的失败辩护。(justifysth.by) Somepeopletendtojustifytheirfailurebyblamingothersfornottryingtheirbest. 4.我们忠于我们的承诺:凡是答应做的,我们都会做到。(remaintrueto) Weremaintruetoourcommitment:Whateverwepromisedtodo,wewoulddoit. 5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此,他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。(discount;betrueof) EvenBeethoven'sfatherdiscountedthepossibilitythathissonwouldonedaybecomethegreatestmusici anintheworld.ThesameistrueofEdison,whoseemedtohisteachertobequitedull. 6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。(accusesb.ofsth.) Theywereaccusedbytheauthoritiesofthreateningthestatesecurity. 二、 1.要是这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话,就会吸引更多的观众。(if...had+pastparticiple,would+have+pastparticiple) Ifthecharactersinthiscomedyhadbeenmorehumorous,itwouldhaveattractedalargeraudience. 2.她从未对自己的能力失去信心,因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。(itisapossibilityto)Shehasneverlostfaithinherownability,soitisapossibilityforhertobecomeasuccessf ulactress. 3.我从未受过正式培训,我只是边干边学。(goalong) Ineverhadformaltraining,IjustlearnedasIwentalong. 4.随着产品进入国际市场,他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。(findone'swayinto) Astheirproductsfindtheirwayintotheinternationalmarket,theirbrandisgaininginpopularity. 5.她可以编造一个故事,说自己被窃贼打昏,所有的钱都没了,但她怀疑自己是否能让这故事听起来可信。(makeup) Shecouldmakeupastorybysayingshewasknockedunconsciousbythievesandthatallhermoneywasgo ne,butshedoubtedwhethershecouldmakeitsoundbelievable. 6.谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问,可是这引起了对他更多的批评。(on purpose) No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him. 三、 1.据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂,市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。(be reported to; look into) Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the may or has decided to look into the affair in person. 2. 这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。(regret doing sth.; yield to; be faced with) These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs. 3. 你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格,它可以使你在买东西时享受打折的优惠。

新编大学英语4unit2book4听力原文和答案核对版

Part 1 Listening 1 Ex1: C A D C B Ex2: 1) approaching 2) left 3) toilet 4) locked 5) Tickets please 6) pushed 7) stamped Scripts: Two Belgians and two Dutchmen traveled regularly to work on the same train. After a while the Dutchmen saw that the two Belgians only had one ticket between them and asked how they managed to achieve this. The Belgians explained that when they heard the conductor approaching from the other end of the carriage, the two of them left their seats, went into the toilet and locked the door. When the conductor knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!", they pushed one ticket under the door. It was then stamped and pushed back under the door again. The Dutchmen thought this was a very good idea and the following morning bought one ticket between them. When they got to their carriage there was only one Belgian. They told him what they had done and asked the Belgian if he had a ticket as he was traveling on his own. The Belgian said he did not have a ticket at all and when they asked how he proposed to manage to travel free of charge, he told them they would have to wait and see until the conductor arrived, but he had no doubt that he would manage it without difficulty. As soon as they heard the conductor coming, the two Dutchmen immediately went to the toilet and locked the door. A few moments later, the Belgian followed them down the corridor and knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!" One ticket appeared under the door. Questions: 1. Where did the story take place 2. What did the two Dutchmen want to know from the two Belgians 3. How did the Dutchmen feel about the Belgians' behavior 4. What did the Belgian do when asked if he had a ticket 5. Who finally managed to travel free of charge Listening 2 Ex1: 1 department store 2. attend college 3. difficult 4. physical education 5. terrified Ex2: FTTFT Scripts: My name is Atsuko Saeki. I work as a salesclerk in a big department store in Fuji, Japan. Six years ago when I was 21 years old, I went to California to attend college. Life in the United States was much more difficult than I had ever imagined. It wasn't like the descriptions I had read in my textbooks. People often seemed tense and so I felt very alone. One of my hardest classes was physical education. We often played volleyball. All the other students were good at it, but I clearly wasn't. One afternoon, the teacher asked me to hit the ball to my classmates. For most people, this would be easy but I was terrified that I would make a fool of myself. When one of the boys on my team saw how nervous I was, he walked up to me and whispered, "Come on, you can do that." You can't imagine how those words of encouragement made me feel. I was so happy that I almost cried. I managed to hit the ball and I think I thanked the young man, but I'm not sure. I have never forgotten his kind words of encouragement. He probably doesn't even remember what he said to me or how much his kindness meant to me. Whenever things aren't going well, I think of those simple words of encouragement: Come on, you can do that.

大学英语精读第四册课文翻译

Unit 1 一个大学男孩,不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动,被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。男孩们很快就明白,如果事情看起来好得不像真的,那多半确实不是真的。 轻轻松松赚大钱 “你们该看看这个,”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话,这兴许是一种办法。”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。塑料袋上印着一条信息说,需要招聘人投递这样的袋子,这活儿既轻松又赚钱。(“轻轻松松赚大钱!”)“我不在乎失不失尊严,”大儿子回答说。 “我可以忍受,”他的弟弟附和道。 “看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子,真使我痛心,”我说。 孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。我听了很高兴,便离城出差去了。午夜时分,我已远离家门,在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。电话铃响了,是妻子打来的。她想知道我这一天过得可好。 “好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。“你过得怎么样?”我问道。 “棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。” “又一辆卡车?” “今晚第三辆了。第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告;第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。我不知道这一辆装的啥,但我肯定又是四千份什么的。既然这事是你促成的,我想你或许想了解事情的进展。” 我之所以受到指责,事情原来是这样:由于发生了一起报业工人罢工,通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页,必须派人直接投送出去。公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金,任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。 “不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。 “六百块!”他的弟弟应声道,“我们两个钟点就能干完!” “西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页,”妻子告诉我说,“现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。就在我们说话的当儿,两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。这么多广告,我们可怎么办?” “你让孩子们快干,”我指示说。“他们都是大学生了。他们自己的事得由他们自己去做。” 第二天中午,我回到旅馆,看到一份紧急留言,要我马上给妻子回电话。她的声音高得很不自然,而且有些颤抖。家里又运到了好几卡车的广告插页。“有百货公司的,廉价商店的,杂货店的,食品店的,汽车行的,等等。有些像整本杂志那么厚。我们这里有数十万页,说不定是几百万页的广告!我们家整个房子从东墙到西墙,从南墙到北墙统统堆满了广告,一堆又一堆,比你大儿子还要高。现在只剩下一点点空间,刚够一个人走进去,从十一种插页中各取一份,卷在一起,套上橡皮筋,再塞进一只塑料袋内。我们的塑料袋足够供应全美所有的外卖餐厅!”她越讲声音越响,几乎震耳欲聋。“这么多的广告必须在星期日早晨七点以前统统送出去。”

新视野大学英语4翻译

1. 这种植物只有在培养它的土壤中才能很好的生长。 The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. 研究结果表明,无论我们白天做了什么事情,晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3. 有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力,一次来为自己的失败辩护。 Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. 我们终于我们的承诺:凡是答应做的,我们都会做的。 We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. 连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此,他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。 Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. 当局控告他们威胁国家安全。 They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 1. 要是这部喜剧中的人物更加幽默些的话,就会吸引更多的观众。 If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience. 2. 她从未对自己的能力失去信心,因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。 She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3.我从未受过正式培训,我只是边干边学。 I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along. 4. 随着产品进入国际市场,他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。 As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity. 5. 她可以编造一个故事,说自己被窃贼打昏,所有的钱都没了,但她怀疑自己是否能够让这个故事听起来可信。 She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable. 6.谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问,可是这引起了对他的更多的批评。 No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him. 1. 据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂,市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。 Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person. 2. 这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs. 3. 你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格,它可以使你在买东西的时候享受打折的优惠。You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods. 4. 不知道为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了,结果他们比原计划晚到了三个小时。

浙大出版社 英语答案(第四册)

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课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀? 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心,古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么,到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢? 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人,因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大,有来自拉丁美洲的,也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后,班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合,而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢?显然,有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且,我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话,而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话:―我喜欢笑话,但我讲不好,也总是记不住。‖有些人比别人更有幽默感,就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲,而且讲了一个笑话,就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱,而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家,并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗,但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且,她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母,当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时,布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室,并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去,一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来,布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子,从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑,无疑是在说:―啊哈,你又上了我的当。‖ 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫(即背景),接下来是主干部分(即故事情节),随后便是妙语(即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾)。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分,这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分,而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言,则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式,进行分析,从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说,最常见的幽默有以下几种,包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 ―滑稽剧‖是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当,常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士:―昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁?‖那位男士回答道:―那可不是什么贵妇,那是我老婆。‖这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇,也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话,观众都知道要说什么,而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到,无论是在乡村的小舞台上,还是在北京最大的剧院里,抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 ―俏皮话‖不像滑稽剧那样浅显,它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时,第一位绅士问道:―这是Wembley (温布利)吗?‖―不,‖第二位绅士说:―是Thursday (星期四)。‖―我也是,‖第三位说道,―让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。‖我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背,因此会把Wembley(温布利)听成了Wednesday(星期三),把Thursday(星期四)听成了thirsty(渴了),这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。 10 著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏 皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中,一位老师说: ―你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业?‖那位年轻的 学生回答道:―我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的 名字改成自己的了。‖在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里, 一位生气的父亲问道:―告诉我,1加2等于几?‖ 儿子说:―我不知道。‖这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道: ―比方说,你、你妈妈和我,我们加起来一共是几个, 傻瓜?‖儿子得意地回答道:―是三个傻瓜。‖ 这些 故事无论是漫画还是笑话,是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演 员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲,都为各地人们所喜 爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事,因为它们贴近现实 生活,而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 11 双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧 是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些 批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默,但我不同意这 种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细 微、更巧妙的语言技巧;然而,简单的双关语甚至 很小的孩子也能利用。例如,谜语或脑筋急转弯问 题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节,而且更多 地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。 记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人 问:―什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的?‖另外 一个人通常猜不出来,于是问道:―我不猜了。是什 么呀?‖出谜语的人回答:―是报纸。‖如果你知道在 英语中―red(红色)‖和―read(读)‖的读音一样但 意思完全不同,答案就很明显了。 12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES (法语中的―一语双 关‖)是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重 意思。两个意思往往很不相同,一个比较恰当,另 一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个 关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场 上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教 师对学生们说;―我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场 上接吻。‖听到笑声,她意识到她没有把意思表达清 楚,于是补充说:―我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子 下面发生接吻这样的事了。‖当然,这个解释并没有 纠正她的第一句话,反而使这个笑话的双重含义变 得更加好笑。 13 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏 智慧,不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有 色情意味或粗俗的语言,而且觉得大多数幽默家缺 乏创造性。的确,现在有些幽默令人震惊,但我认 为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的,它 还会继续生存下去,只因为每天都有有趣的事情发 生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事 情,并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故 事。 V ocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1)certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 1 我当体育编辑,最早是为蒙比利埃(俄亥俄州) 的《企业导报》工作,当时我很少收到体育迷的来 信。因此,一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸 引住了。 2 打开来信,我看到了下面的话:―关于老虎队的 述评很不错,再接再厉。‖签名的是体育编辑堂?沃 尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子(为每一竖 栏写一英寸文字,稿酬总计达15美分),因此他的 话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉 里,后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不 是当作家的料时,重温一下堂的便笺,就又会树起 信心来。 3 后来,我逐渐对堂有所了解,知道给各行各业 的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他 告诉我说:―当我使别人充满信心时,我也感觉好极 了。‖ 4 因此毫不奇怪,他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利 湖那么大。去年他去世了,享年75岁。电话与悼 函像潮水般涌向报社,都来自于曾经得到过他激励 (文字)的人们。 5 多年来,我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友,他 们关心别人,常写一些鼓舞人心的话语,因为我觉 得,他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷 漠、无动于衷的世界上,这种便笺给人们带来了温 暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励,大家知道几 行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天,甚至一生。 6 那么,这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若 晨星呢?我猜想很多人回避写,是因为他们太看重 人们的看法。他们担心会被误解,怕别人觉得他们 自作多情或者言不由衷。还有,写也要花时间,远 不如打电话方便。 7 当然打电话的缺点是:说过的话留不住。而一 张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白 纸黑字记录在案的东西,而且我们写下的字可以反 复阅读,细细品味并珍藏起来。 8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间,但一些非常忙的 人也在这么做,其中包括乔治?布什。有人说,他政 治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备 写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢?在他整个职业生涯 中,每次与人们接触之后,他几乎都随后写封信, 内容亲切——一句赞美之辞,一行表扬的话,或一 段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事,还写给萍水相 逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他 的人,后来收到他热情的赞扬信,感到很惊讶。 9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们,其领导作风 只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人 也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心,且从中获益匪浅。 唐纳德?彼得森,福特公司的前主席,把每天写便笺 鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时 走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。―我只不过匆匆 地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话,然后 传递出去,‖他说道。―每天最重要的一段时间,就 是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。‖ 10 ―太多的时候,‖他发表自己的看法说,―那些 我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们 的。太多的时候,我们会以为,我并没有说过什么 批评的话,为什么非得去说好话呢?我们忘了,人 类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上,我们靠这个 取得进步,获得成功!‖ 11 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢?只 要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的 高手都具有我所谓的―4S‖技巧。 12 1)真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。 13 2)简短(short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你 的意思,你很可能过火了,写得太长。 14 3)具体(specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴―演讲

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