环科英语

环境科学专业英语

教材：《环境科学与技术专业英语》韩庆祥张洪林主编

专业词汇

ozone：臭氧stratosphere：平流层chlorofluorohydrocarbon：氟氯烃aerosol：烟雾，烟雾剂，气溶胶

propellant：火箭推进剂，发射火药，推进档foam：泡沫剂，泡沫材料，水沫

minitor：监测，检验，监控halogenate：卤化

troposphere：对流层toxicological：毒理学的，毒物学的ambient：环境的，周围的pulmonary：肺的，与肺有关的

respiratory：呼吸的susceptible：易受影响的，敏感的threshold：界限，阈值，临界值elastomer：弹性体，弹胶物，合成橡胶antiozonant：抗臭氧剂retardation：延缓，妨碍，阻滞promulgate：颁布，发表well-being：健康，幸福

subject to：附属于，易受的dynamic equilibrium：动态平衡

foaming agent：起泡剂air quality criteria：空气质量标准background concentration：本底浓度be susceptible to：对敏感的

threshold dosage：极限剂量，阈剂量be on the order of：与相似；与相同

长难句的翻译

1.It occurs mainly in the stratosphere,at altitudes from 15 to 50 km above the earth’s surface and plays a key role,for the well-being of mankind,in filtering out much of the ultraviolet radiation approaching earth from space.

at altitudes from是介词短语作定语，修饰stratosphere

in filtering是介词短语作状语

“它主要存在于地球表面上的海拔高度15至19公里处的平流层中，对人类的健康起着重要的作用，它能过滤掉从太空达到地球上的大部分的紫外线。”

2.Since the danger was recognised action has been taken in the United States and in the European Economic Community to effect a decrease in the use of chlorofluorohydrocarbon as aerosol propellants.

to effect在句中做目的状语，主句为被动形式

“美国以及欧洲共同体已经采取了行动，以减少作为火箭推进剂的氟氯烃的使用。”

3.Clearly,in a gloabal problem of this kind,effective action must be taken world wide.

句中in意为“对于”，表示动作对象

“显然，对于这种全球性问题，必须在世界范围内采取有效的措施。”

4.The toxicological experiments indicate that higher than ambinent doses of ozone may have an impact on the biochemical activity of the blood,reduce pulmonary function ,and increase general respiratory discomfort.

That引导宾语从句

“毒理学试验表明，臭氧的浓度高于环境值可能对血液的生化活动产生危害，降低肺功能，增加一般呼吸系统的不适感。”

5.This value,measured as ozone ,was initially set at an hourly average concentration not to exceed 80 ppb more than once per year.

more than once不止一次hourly average concentration：小时平均浓度

“作为臭氧的测量值最初被定为，小时平均浓度不超过80 ppb的次数每年不止一次。”

6.In response to these finding,the EPA promulgated in 1979 a revised ambient air quality standard for ozone stating that the expected number of days per calendar year with daily maximum ozone concentrations exceeding 120 ppb must be one.

In response to：针对，对有反应

That从句中主干为number of days must be one

“针对这些发现，环境保护局于1979年颁布了经过修改的臭氧环境空气质量标准，该标准要求每历年日最大臭氧浓度超过120 ppb的天数只能是一天。”

Reading Material 1(2学时)

Interactions Between Man And Various Ecosystems

专业词汇

ecosystem:生态系统ultimate：终极，根本

respiration：呼吸，呼吸作用unicellular：单细胞的

enzyme：酶secrete：隐秘，分泌

herbivore：草食动物carnivore：食肉动物

metabolism：新陈代谢fungi：真菌

visualize：是看得见，想象debris：碎片，残骸

schematic：概要的，略图的malaria：疟疾

function：活动，运行tsetse：采采蝇

livestock：家畜debilitate：使衰弱

parasite：寄生虫indiscriminately：无差别的，任意的outnumber：数目超过in the long run：长远，最后

strain:

长难句的翻译

1.selection and development of strains of plants and animals that have the most desirable characteristics.

“选择和开发具有最令人满意特点的动植物种类。”

（总结什么是生态系统）

2.More than half of the energy fixed by photosynthesis is needed by the plants for respiration and other life functions,and the remainder for production of the complex organic molecules to be restored in the tissues of the plants.

“光合作用形成的一半以上的能量用于植物的呼吸和其他的生命活动，剩余的能量用于合成复杂的有机分子，贮存在植物组织中。”

3.This breakdown process proceeds with the assistance of digestive enzymes secreted by the animals .

“分解过程需在动物分泌的消化酶的协助下才能进行。”

4.We have already indicated this by pointing out that it takes eight to ten pounds of grain to produce one pound of animal products.

“要产生一磅的动物产品需要十磅的谷物，由此我们已经阐述了这一点。”

（提问生态系统的共同特点是什么？）

5.Besides using the plants and animals for theit own growth,decomposers furnish valuable nutrients to the soil as a result of the process of breaking down the cells of the plants and animals.

“分解者分解动植物细胞的结果除了用于自己的生长之外，还向土壤提供了有价值的营养物质。”

6.A cyclical process is thus occuring,the nutrients being removed in the growth process and restored during decay.

“循环过程是这样发生的：营养物质在生长过程中迁移，在腐败过程中贮存。”

7.Thus,an ecosystem can be visualized as being composed of living organisms,organic debris,and nutrients and minerals,all linked by food chains and the movement of energy and nutrients in the system.

“因此，生态系统可以认为是由生物，有机残骸，营养物质和矿物组成，所有这些物质通过食物链以及系统中的能量和营养物质的转化联系在一起。”

8.No one would suggest that the malaria-carrying mosquitoes be allowed to function naturally in their various ecosystems,or that the tsetse fly and the locust should be permitted to “do their own thing” and destroy livestock and crops.

that 从句为虚拟语气

“没有人会提出这样的建议：携带疟疾的蚊子在它们的种种生态系统中自由活动，采采蝇任意飞舞，蝗虫任意妄为，损害家畜和庄稼。”

Lesson Four（3学时）Eutrophication

专业词汇

eutrophication:富营养化oligotrophic:寡营养的，贫营养的mesotrophic：半自氧，中间营养的trophic：营养的，有关营养的macrophyte：大型植物silt：淤泥，於塞

entrain：拖，带走；乘火车swamp：沼泽，沼泽地

septic：腐败性的estuary：港湾，三角湾，河口湾detergent：洗涤剂，清洁剂nuclei：核，核心

phospholipid：磷脂orthophosphate：正磷酸盐

assilimilate：吸收，同化biomass：生物量

terrestrial：地球的，陆生的enclosed sea：内海

open sea：公海bioassay：生物鉴定

scum:泡沫，浮渣catchment：集水，排水区，流域

runoff water：地表径流the continental shelf：大陆架

septic tank：化粪池nucleic acid：核酸

be converted into：将转变成nitrogen cycle：氮循环

长难句的翻译：

1.“the nutrient enrichment of waters which results in stimulation of an array of symptomatic changes among which increased production of algae and macrophytes,deterioration of fisheries,deterioration of water quality and other symptomatic changes are found to be undesirable and interfere with water uses.”

Which至句末是定语从句修饰nutrient enrichment of waters are found to and interfere with 是谓语among which定语从句修饰changes

“水中营养物富集，其结果刺激了一些列征兆性的变化，其中藻类及大型植物的产量增加，渔场的恶化、水质的变坏以及其他一些征兆性的变化是令人讨厌的，他们妨碍了水的使用。”

2.In fact,many lakes have been shown to have been rapidly enriched with nutrient over the last 100 years due to pollution.

to have been enriched在句中作宾语due to：由于，因为enrich with：富集

“事实上，在过去的100年里，由于污染，许多湖已显示出营养物的迅速富集”

3.Blooms of aquatic plants become more frequent and ,if toxic,lead to the death of fish and other aquatic organisms and also of terrestiial organisms using the water.

of terrestiial organisms using the water 前省略了the death它也是lead to的宾语。

lead to：造成，导致

“水生植物的大量繁殖变得更为频繁，如果有毒，还会导致鱼类及其他水生生物的死亡也将导致使用此水的陆生生物的死亡”

4.Phosphorus compounds result from degradation of compounds such as nucleic acids and phospholipids and occur as inorganic phosphates,that is ,orthophosphate or polyphosphate,or organic phosphorus.

and连接两个并列谓语result from and occur that is是插入语orthophosphate or polyphosphate是inorganic phosphates的同位语

“含磷化合物是由象核酸及磷脂这样的化合物的降解而产生的，并以无机磷酸盐，也就是正磷酸盐或多磷酸盐的形式存在，或以有机磷的形式而存在”

5.Nitrogen originates from atmosphere fixation and phosphorus from the mining of phosphorus rich minerals which are converted into fertilizers and consequently food and sewage.

Phosphorus后面省略了originates which引导的定语从句修饰minerals

food and sewage也是are converted into的宾语

“但来源于大气的固氮作用；磷来源于含磷矿物的开采，这些矿物转化成肥料，结果进入食物以及污水当中。”

Reading Material 4(3学时)

Nutrients,Plankton,Algal Growth and Eutrophication

专业词汇

plankton：浮游生物algal：海藻

phytoplankton：浮游植物zooplankton：浮游动物

via：经，由photosynthesis：光合作用

diatom：硅藻kelp：海草，巨藻

chlorophyll：叶绿素pigment：色素

span：跨越，持续decomposition分解，腐败变质anaerobic：厌氧的deplete：消耗，耗尽

trout：鳟鱼pike：梭鱼

carp：鲤鱼turbid：浑浊的

aerobic：需氧的，好氧的unabate：不衰退，不减弱

herring：青鱼smother：使窒息，把闷死proliferate：激增，扩散give way to：让路，退让

speed up：加速focus on:把集中于

in excess of：超过，较为多

长难句的翻译

1.In marine communities phytoplankton,via photosynthesis,are the principal producers of food and they serve as a food source for fish and other plankton group in the food chain.

And引导两个并列谓语

“水域中的浮游植物，通过光合作用，是食物的主要生产者，它们为食物链中的鱼类以及其它浮游生物群提供食物源。”

2.Algae are primitive plants ranging in size from a single cell that can be seen only with a microscope to the giant kelp ,which grows to a length of about 100feet.

that can be seen only with a microscope 定语从句修饰single cell which grows to a length of about 100feet定语从句修饰giant kelp

“海藻是原始植物，大小从仅能用显微镜才能看到的单细胞到能长到100尺长的巨藻。”

3.Algae dominate the sea both in the number of species and in the number of individual plants. Dominate:支配，占优势

“在海洋中，藻类无论是在种类的数量上，还是在个体的数量上都占有优势地位。”

4.It can be said that there exists a definite relationship among the amount and kind of nutrients available, the growth of aquatic life,and the quality of the water.

“可以这样说，在可利用的营养物的数量及种类，水生生物的生长水质之间存在着一定的关系”

5.This is very much the situation that we would find if we were to study the aquatic system of a young lake.

“如果我们研究一个年轻湖泊的水生系统的话，我们会发现，情况正是如此。”

6.This stage of “middle age”is referred to as the mesotrophic state.

Refer to A as B:认为A是B，把A称作B

“这种中年阶段被称为中等营养状态”

7.At the bottom of the lake ,where there is no oxygen,anerobic bacteria begin to decompose the organic materials and release more nutrients ,including compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus. Where定语从句修饰bottom of the lake anerobic bacteria是主语including compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus现在分词修饰nutrients

“在没有氧气的湖底，厌氧菌开始分解有机物质，释放出更多的含有氮磷化合物的营养物。”

8.These compounds enter the upper waters,where the cycle of algal growth ,death ,decomposition by microorganisms,and depletion of oxygen continues.

where定语从句修饰upper waters, 从句中主语是the cycle，谓语是continues

“这些化合物进入上部水域中，在此，藻类生长，死亡，微生物分解，消耗氧气的循环不断进行。”

9.The floating layers of algae prevent solar radiation from entering the water and conditions become increasingly disagreeable for swimmers ,fisherman,and inhabitants of the land adjacent to the water. Prevent from doing sth:阻止，妨碍be adjacent to:邻近

“藻类的漂浮层阻止了阳光射入水体，情况对于游泳者，渔民，以及生活在靠近此水体的陆地上的居民越来越不舒适了。”

10.Its waters contain large quantities of sewage ,bacteria,oil,ammonia,nitrogen and phosphorus compounds,and solids that drop to the bottom,smotering organisms that inhabit that region.

“（伊利湖）水中含有大量的污水，细菌，油类，氨以及氮磷化合物，固体沉入水底，使得栖息在那的生物窒息死亡。”

Reading Material 6(4学时)

Advanced Wastewater Treatment:Tertiary Treatment

专业词汇

tertiary：第三的，第三位的reclaim：改造，回收

domestic：家庭的，民用的exert：发挥，施以影响

effluent：排放物，流出物，废水，废液render：致使

synonym：同义词digest：消化

incorporate：吸收physiochemical：生物化学，生理化学cation：阳离子precipitate：沉淀

aluminum：铝sulfate：硫酸盐

lime：石灰sedimentation：沉降

holding tank：收集槽，接收器drastically：急剧地

side effect：副作用basic：碱性的

ammonia stripping：氨汽提法nitrate：硝酸盐

methemoglobinemia：高铁血红蛋白症reverse reaction：逆反应

forward reaction：正饭应hydroxide：氢氧化物

up to：多达chlorine：氯

solute：溶质build up：增大

ionic：离子的full-scale：原尺寸，实比例electrodialysis：电渗析reverse osmosis：反渗透

desalination：脱盐colloidal：胶态的

agglomeration：凝聚，聚结fragment：碎片

cell wall：细胞壁pathogenic：致病的，病原的hydrocarbon：碳氢化合物smokestack：烟囱

porous：多孔的granules：细粒，小粒

polar：极性的clog：阻塞

oxides：氧化物peroxide：过氧化物

break down：分解insoluble：不能溶解的

detrimental：有害的coagulant：凝结剂

flocculent：絮凝剂mesh：筛目，网络

screen：筛trap：陷阱，诱捕

pathogens：病原体eliminate：除去，排除，清除conventional：传统的，习惯的，约定的visible：看得见的

virtually：事实上drainage：排水

长难句的翻译

1.Although secondary treatment is effective in reducing the original BOD of the water by 80~95 percent and removing most suspended solids,it normally does not remove enough of the pollutants to make the water completely suitable for some industrial and domestic uses.

Reducing与removing并列it代替secondary treatment

“尽管二级处理可以有效地去除水的初始BOD的80~95％以及大多数的悬浮固体，但是它并不能去除足够多的污染物，使得此水适合工业以及家庭使用。”

2.Advanced water treatment is designed to remove almost all of the dissolved and suspended pollutants not removed by secondary treatment and to render the water ready for reuse.

to remove 与to render并列

“高级水处理用于去除几乎所有的二级处理没能去除的溶解的以及悬浮的污染物，并使得此水能重新使用。”

（学生复述高级处理与三级处理的区别）

3.A variation of the above method takes into account the fact that a large amount of phosphorous is in the cells of bacteria and that this will be released into the water when the bacteria die,in the manner described above.

That从句指代the fact this代替a large amount of phosphorous

“在上面所描述的方法中，细菌细胞中存在大量的磷，当细菌死亡时，这些磷又释放到水体中，此方法的变形考虑到了这个事实。

4.One undesirable side effect of precipitation is that the treated water can attain pH values as high as 11;and the water can undergo an increase in sulfate ion concentration when Al2(SO4)3 or FeSO4 is used as the precipitating agent.

“沉淀方法的一个令人不满意的副作用就是：处理的水pH可高达11；当用Al2(SO4)3或FeSO4 作为沉淀剂时，水中硫酸根离子的浓度会增加。”

5.In one study,carried out in 1971,some wells in Texas were found to contain more than 100 mg/liter of nitrate,with one well having a concentration of 3584 mg/liter.However,such high contrations are a rarity.

“1971年进行的一项调查发现，得克萨斯州的一些水井中硝酸盐的浓度超过100毫克／升，其中的一个水井浓度达到了3584毫克／升。然而，这么高的浓度也是少有的。”

（回顾原文，学生讲述什么是氨汽提法）

6.However, if the water is going to be reused several times,then the concentration of the solutes will build up with each use until prohibitive levels may be reached.

build up：增大

“然而，如果水重新使用几次的话，那么每一次使用，溶质的浓度都会增加，直到达到禁止的限度。”

7.Four techniques that show promise and are either in the development stage or under consideration for full-scale installation are ion exchange ,distillation,electrodialysis,and referse osmosis.

that show promise and are either in the development stage or under consideration for full-scale installation从句解释Four techniques

“四种非常有前景的处于发展阶段的或正考虑原尺寸安装的技术是离子交换，蒸馏，电渗析和反渗透。”

句子主干为Four techniques are ion exchange ,distillation,electrodialysis,and referse osmosis.

8. Although biological oxidation removes most organic material from waste water ,it does not remove the last traces of it.

“尽管生物氧化法可以去除污水中的大部分有机物，但是他不能去除最后的少量物质。”（解释为什么不能）

9.Depending on plans for the reuse of the water,either all or some of them must be removed.

“根据重新使用水的计划，应去除所有的或部分的污染物。”

10.The less polar organic molecules are adsorbed more easily by carbon than the polar molecules are,since the latter tend to be attached to polar water molecules.

More easily than are后省略了adsorbed by carbon

“弱极性的有机分子比极性的分子更易被炭吸附，因为后者易吸附在极性的水分子上。”11.Because colloidal particles clog the pores of the carbon and decrease its surface area,it is advisable wherever feasible to use carbon after most of the solid have been removed.

it is advisable to do sth:最好还是

“因为胶体粒子会赌塞活性炭的孔隙，降低表面积，最好还是在大部分固体都被去除以后，再使用活性炭。”

12.Even though up to 95% percent of all solids can be removed as a result of primary and secondary treatment,the effluent contains particles that range in size from easily visible insoluble solids down through colloidal particles.

That从句修饰particles

“尽管一级和二级处理可以去除多达95％的固体，然而排放液中还含有一些粒子，它们的大小从可以看得见的不溶固体下降到胶体粒子。”

13.Sedimentation can be accomplished by adding chemicals that neutralize the charged collidal particles and cause them to aggregate into larger-sized particles.

That从句修饰chemicals charged：带电的

“沉降可以通过添加化学药品来实现，这些药品能中和带电的胶体粒子，并聚集成大的粒子。”

Lesson Eight（2学时）

The Application of Activated Sludge Process In Wastewater Treatment 专业词汇

biodegradable:可生物降解的biodegradable detergent: 生物降解洗涤剂disperse：使疏散，使分散，分散的disperse medium分散介质

flocculate:絮凝物pellet：小球，小团

immobilize：是不动，使固定intermittently：间歇地，周期性地

lump：把归并在一起，混在一起，结块residual：剩余的，残留的；残渣，余数

residual analysis: 残差分析residual charge: 剩余电荷residual cost：剩余成本comprise：包含，包括，构成recalcitrant：难治理的；反抗者

entrap：诱捕，使入陷阱entrap sb into doing sth:诱使某人做某事

hydrolysis：水解作用volatile：易挥发的;挥发物volatile matter sophisticated:复杂的，尖端的，有经验的，久经世故的sophisticated weapon:尖端武器areation tank：曝气池continuous flow mode：连续流动模式lumped parameters：集总参数non-flocculated microbes：非絮凝微生物aerobic condition：好氧条件main-frame computer：主体计算机

长难句的翻译：

1.biooxidation of biodegradable pollutants in an aeration tank and settling of the biomass and other solid in a clarifier from whence concentrated sludge is recycled to the aeration tank in order to enhance process intensity.

Whence是关系代词，from whence concentrated 是定语从句修饰clarifier这是介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句，可用关系副词where来代替from whence

“可生物降解的污染物在曝气池中的生物氧化，澄清池中生物量和其他固体（污泥）的沉降，将澄清池浓缩的污泥循环进入曝气池以提高这一过程的强度。”

2.Biooxidation is carried out by dispersed microbial flocs with relatively good settling properties and which can,in many respects,be regarded as pellets of naturally immobilized microbial cell.

with relatively good settling properties为介词短语作定语修饰flocs，which引导的定语从句也修饰flocs

“生物氧化是通过具有较好的沉降性能的分散的微生物絮凝物来进行的，这种絮凝物在很多方面被认为是自然固定的微生物细胞团。”

3.Activated sludge process performance is judged on the basis of removal efficiency in terms the difference in BOD,COD,TOC,or DOC between the process feed and clarified effluent ,but the concentrations of specific pollutants are largely ignored.

in terms意为“以表示”，它引导的成分是efficiency的定语

“这种去除效率是以过程中进料的BOD,COD,TOC或DOC与澄清池出水中的BOD,COD,TOC 或DOC之间差值来表示。但特别污染物的浓度则被大大的忽略了。”

4.BOD,COD and TOC afford a measure of both pollutant categories,DOC only the former category. both pollutant categories指代前句中pollutants in solution and pollutants in suspension;

the former category指代pollutants in solution

5.The utilization and/or hydrolysis of sorbed or entrapped carbonaceous pollutants is a most important feature of these variants of the activated sludge process that have been designed specially for the treatment of wastewaters rich in colloidal and suspended pollutants.

“被吸附或被夹带的含碳污染物的利用与水解是活性污泥过程变体的一种重要的模式，这种模式是特别为处理富含胶体的悬浮的污染物的废水而设计的。”

6.The rates of hydrolysis and/or degradation of entrapped particulate pollutants are unlikely to be very rapid and particalarly as such processes for many common particulate pollutantscan occur both aerobic and anerobic conditions,it must be assumed,for cases where degradation is complete in the areation tank,that it will continue to occur in the clarifier.

are unlikely to be very rapid意为“未必很迅速”as such processes指代hydrolysis and/or degradation

“被夹带的粒状污染物的水解与降解未必很迅速，特别是对许多普通的粒状污染物这样的过程能在好氧和厌氧两种条件下发生，应设想：对于在曝气池中降解不完全的情况，在澄清池中降解将会继续发生。”

Lesson Thirteen（2学时）

Removal Of Sulphur Dioxide From Stack Gases

专业词汇

Stack:烟道；排气管stack gases:烟道气scrub:擦洗,洗涤

Viable:可行的,能养活的,能生长发育的dimethylaniline:二甲基苯胺

Xylidine:二甲代苯胺plugger:堵塞物

Scale:锅垢;水垢;刻度chalk:白垩,粉笔

Moisture:潮湿,水分,降雨pore:细孔,微孔

Atomizer:雾化器entrainment:雾沫

Bulk:大部分,大多数,体积,大块rule out:排除,使不可能

Wet scrubbing:湿法洗涤ammonium sulphite:亚硫酸铵

Equilibrium constant:平衡常数calsium sulphate:硫酸钙

Delay tank:滞留池make-up water:供给水

Flue gas:烟道气rotary filter:旋转过滤器

Fluidized bed reactor:流化床反应器conversion efficiency:转化效率

Spray dryer:喷雾干燥器the entrainment-type absorber:雾沫型吸收器长难句的翻译

1.Even so,a process has been patented in Japan,where the concentration of SO2 in the exit gases can be reduced to about 100 ppm by scrubbing with water .

Even so意思为“虽然如此”，表示让步，where引导的是非限制性定语从句修饰a process “虽然如此，在日本有一专利过程，排放气中SO2的浓度通过水洗可降到100 ppm。”

2.Sulphur dioxide being acidic in nature,is readily absorbed by alkaline solutions.

being acidic in nature是现在分词短语作定语，修饰Sulphur dioxide

“自然属性为酸性的SO2容易被碱液吸收。”

3.The lime/limestone process carried out at high pH results in a soft plugger of calsium sulphite and at low pH in hard scale of calsium sulphate.

And连接的是一个省略句，省略部分是The lime/limestone process carried out和results

“石灰／石灰石过程在高pH下进行会产生亚硫酸钙软堵塞物，在低pH下进行会产生硫酸钙的硬锅垢。”

4.Regeneration of the catalyst can be done by the either heating the carbon so that H2SO4 is reduced to SO2 which can subsequently be used in the manufature of H2SO4 ,or by washing the catalyst with water which takes away the H2SO4 formed.

“催化剂的再生或通过加热活性炭以使H2SO4被还原成SO2可在制造H2SO4时再使用，或用水洗催化剂将形成的H2SO4带走。”

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2010—2011学年度第二学期07级英语《英语写作》期末试卷 一 Read these sentences for their meanings. Then fill in the blanks with the words that best express the relationship between the two clauses. Be sure to add a comma if needed on the space provided.(20) 1._______ Emily Dickson is now regarded as one of the best American poets of the nineteenth century_________ she was virtually unknown to the literary world until after her death. 2 Like other unwed women in nineteenth century New England, she gradually withdrew from society. In fact, she never left home ________ she turned forty. 3.Yet to read Dickinson’s pers onal life into her poems does injustice to them_______ she did write many love poems________ critics will never know if they are products of her experiences or her imagination. 4.Dickinson appears to have forged a style all her own______ she had access to approximately 1,000 books in her family’s library. 5._______ Dickinson died in 1886_______ her sister discovered nearly two thousand poems tucked away in her dresser. 6._______ it were not for this fortunate discovery_________ Emily Dickinson’s poetic insights into life , love , and death would have remained completely unknown to the literary world. 二 Combine each of the following sentence groups into a single sentence(10) 1 The preacher paused in his sermon. My farther woke up. 2.The old man went from one island to another. He wandered over storm-troubled seas. He was searching for home. 3. Renee said goodbye to her mother. She picked up her purse. She boarded the bus. 4.Family ties seem to be weakening. Students aren’t always able to count on famliy support 5. College students have always had problems. Now college counseling centers report more-and more serious-problems. 三Cloze passage(10) Mr Smith lives in the small village, but he works in an office in a big city. He goes to work by train every morning and comes ___1___ the same way. One morning while he was ___2___ his newspaper on the train, a man ___3___ him came up to him. Mr Smith had not met him before. The man said,“ ___4___ ” to him and then ___5___ to talk to him. The man said, “Your ___6___ isn’t interesting, is it? You got on the same train at the same station at the same time ___7___ morning and you always s it in the same seat and read the same newspaper.” “Because I’m ___10___ sitting in the same seat behind you,” the man answered. 1. A. family B. house C. village D. home 2. A. seeing B. look C. reading D. finding 3. A. before B. behind C. beside D. next to 4. A. Sorry B. Thanks C. Hello D. Goodbye 5. A. refused B. stopped C. ordered D. began 6. A. life B. work C. office D. child 7. A. one B. every C. this D. yesterday 8. A. heard B. listened C. found D. felt 9. A. asked B. said C. told D. talked 10. A. never B. hardly C. always D. sometimes 四 Reading comprehension(20) (A) One day, Mr. Smith went to a dinner party. He was wearing very old clothes. He came into the room. But people in the room didn’t look at him. They didn’t ask him to sit at the table. He wasn’t happy. But he said nothing. Mr. Smith went home quickly and put on （穿上） his best clothes. He went back to the party. Everyone in the room stood up and looked at him. They gave him good food to eat. Mr. Smith took off his coat, and put it on the food and said, “Eat, coat!” The other p eople were surprised and asked, “What are you doing? Why do you do that?” Mr. Smith answered, “I am asking my coat to eat food. When I wore old clothes, you didn’t look at me. You didn’t ask me to sit down. Now I am wearing these nice clothes. And you give me good food. Now I see, you give the food to my coat, not to me.” 1. One day, Mr. Smith went to__________. A.a birthday party B.a dinner party C.an English party D.a movie 2. When he came into the room, the people didn’t look at him. Why? A.Because the people didn’t ask him to come. B.Because Mr. Smith wore old clothes. C.Because Mr. Smith didn’t say hello to them first. D.Because it was night, they didn’t see him. 3. Why did he go home quickly? A.Because he didn’t want to stay here. B.Because he went home for his best clothes. C.Because the people there asked him to leave. 班 级 姓名 学号 密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题