英国文学总结表

英国文学总结表

History of English Literature

Historic al period Liter

ary

Perio

d

Repres

entative

writer

s

Representati

ve works

Signifi

cance

Old English (410-10 66) Anglo

-Saxo

n

(poetr

y)

Beowulf The national

epic of the

English

people.

Mediev al Englan d (1066-1 400) (The Wars of Roses, Foundi ng of the Medi

eval /

Midd

le

Engli

sh

(poetr

y,

roma

nce

and

balla

Geoffre

y

Chauce

r

Canterbury

Tales

(masterpiece

), The House

of Fame,

Troilus and

Criseyde, The

parliament of

fowls.

The founder

/ father of

English

poetry, and

the earliest

forerunner

of realism.

The

Arthurian

legends:

Sir Gawain

and the

Tudor Dynasty ) d) Green Knight

Robin Hood

Ballads:

Lytell Geste

of Robin

Hood《罗宾

汉英雄事迹

小唱》

The Pre- Elizabet han and Elizabet han Ages (1400-1 603) (The Reform ation and the Enclosu Renai

ssanc

e

(Hum

anism

)

(Poet

ry

and

dram

a)

Thomas

More

Utopia The

forerunner

of modern

socialist

thought.

Edmun

d

Spenser

The Faerie

Queene

(Spenserian

stanza)

He has great

influences on

all the later

poets.

Christo

pher

Marlow

e

Tamburlaine

《铁木耳转》

Dr. Faustus

《浮士德悲

剧》The Jew

The greatest

pioneer of

English

drama. He

reformed the

re Movem ent )

of Malta《马

尔他岛的犹

太人》

English

drama by

adopting

blank verse

as the

principal

form. William

Shakes

peare

(see table 1)

The four

Great

Tragedies:

H , M ,

O , K

L .

(The summit

of his plays:

H .)

One of the

founders of

realism in

world

literature;

the summit

of the

English

Renaissance;

fist-rank

writer the

world over. Francis

Bacon

Essays The first

English

Essayist;

founder of modern science in England (materialist philosophy).

Revolut ion and Restora tion (the 17th century ) (Englis h Bourge ois Revolut ion, the Restora tion, and the Revol

ution

and

Resto

ratio

n

(two

litera

ry

camp

s)

(Poet

ry:

Purit

an,

Caval

John

Milton

Pro Populo

Anglicano

Defense; Pro

Populo

Anglicano

Defense

Secunda;

Paradise

Lost;

Paradise

Regained;

Samson

Agonistes.

He wrote the

greatest epic

in literature

----

.

He was the

first to use

blank verse

in

non-dramati

c works.

He ranks

with

Shakespeare

as two

patterns of

“Glorio us Revolut ion”)ier,

Meta

physi

-cal.)

English

verse.

John

Bunyan

Pilgrim’s

Progress;

The Life and

Death of Mr.

Badman.

John

Donne

“The Sun

Rising”

“Death, Be

Not Proud”

“Song”

“The Flea”

Representati

ve of the

“metaphysic

al poets.”

John

Dryden

(Restor

ation)

“An Essay of

Dramatic

Poesy”

Forerunner

of the

English

classical

school of

literature in

the 18th

century.

18th Centur Enlig

hten

Alexan

der

The Rape of

the Lock

The most

important

y (The Industri al Revolut ion and the Enlight enment) ment

(Clas

sicis

m,

Real

ism,

Pre-

rom

an-ti

cism

and

Sent

ime

n-

talis

m)

(Nov

el,

pros

e

and

poet

Pope representativ

e o

f the

English

classical

poetry.

Jonatha

n Swift

A Modest

Proposal;

Guilliver’s

Travels.

Daniel

Defoe

Robinson

Crusoe

The Father

of English

Novel.

Henry

Fielding

Tom Jones The Founder

of the

English

Realist

Novel.

Tobias

Smollet

t

Humphry

Clinker;

Rodrick

Random.

Lauren Tristram

ry) (see the tabl e of 18th cent ury liter atur e) ce

Sterne

(sentim

entalist)

Shandy(the

most original

work in

English

literature) Richard

Brinsle

y

Sherida

n

The School

for Scandal

(the best

English

comedy since

Shakespeare) Oliver

Goldsm

ith

(poet,

novelist

,

dramati

st and

essayist

combin

ed in

The Vicar of

Wakefield

one person)

Thomas Gray Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard (a model of sentimentalis t poetry)

William Blake Songs of

Innocence

and

Experience;

“The Tyger”

“The Lamb”

“Lodon”

“The

Chimney

Sweeper”.

Forerunners

of the

Romantic

poetry of the

19th century.

(R. B: The

national poet

of Scotland;

a poet of the

peasants.)

Robert Burns Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect; “A

Red, Red Rose”.

Late

18th to mid-19t h century (the Industri al Revolut ion, the French Revolut ion) The

Roma

ntic

Perio

d

(1798

publi

catio

n of L

B

-1832

death

of W

S )

(Rom

antici

sm)

(Poet

ry)

William

Words

worth

Lyrical

Ballads;

“Lucy

Poems”; The

Prelude.

Representati

ves of the

“Lake poets”

/ elder

generation of

/ escapist

romanticists,

and their

joint work

marked the

beginning of

the Romantic

period.

Samuel

Taylor

Colerid

ge

Lyrical

Ballads;

“The Rime

of the

Ancient

Mariner”;

“Kubla

Khan”.

George

Gordon

Byron

Childe

Harold’s

Pilgrimage;

Don Juan

They are the

best

representativ

es of

Romantic

literature all

around the Percy

Bysshe

Shelley

Prometheus

Unbound;

“Ode to the

West Wind/a Skylark”; A Defence of Poetry.world, and the

well-known brilliant trio of active / revolutionar y romanticists in England. The influences of their work on world literature are immense.

John Keats “Ode on a Grecian Urn”; “Ode to a Nightingale”; “To Autumn”.

Charles Lamb Tales from Shakespeare

The best

representativ

e o

f the

“familiar

essay”.

Walter Scott Waverley;

Rob Roy

The founder

and great

master of English historical novel.

Victoria n Age (1837-1 901) (The Chartis t Movem ent, the Boer War, Capitali st coloniza tion) Critic

al

Reali

sm

(Nove

l and

Poetr

y)

Charles

Dickens

The

Posthumous

Papers of the

Pickwick

Club; Oliver

Twist; David

Copperfield;

A Tale of Two

Cities; Great

Expectation

The greatest

English

critical

realist of the

time.

William

Makepe

ace

Thacke

ray

Vanity Fair

Jane

Austen

Pride and

Prejudice;

Sense and

Gifted

women

novelists of

Sensibility; Emma; Mansfield Park; Persuasion; Northanger Abbey the age who made such great contribution to the development of the English novel that they won their places in the first ranks of the brilliant realists.

Charlot te/ Emily Bronte Jane Eyre / Wuthering Height

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) Adam Bede; Silas Marner

Alfred Tennys on In

Memoriam;

The Idylls of

the King “Ulysses”

Representati

ve poets of

the age.

Robert Dramatic

/ Mrs. Browni ng Lyrics / Sonnets from the Portuguese

George Bernar d Shaw Mrs Warren’s Profession

Oscar Wilde The

Importance

of Being

Earnest

(drama); The

Picture of

Dorian Gray

(novel)

Representati

ve of the

Aesthetic

movement in

England,

advocating

“Art for art’s

sake”.

The 20th century Novel Henry

James

Daisy Miller;

The portrait

of a Lady

A forerunner

of the

“stream of

consciousnes

s” literature.

Joseph

Conrad

Heart of

Darkness

Thomas Hardy Far from the Madding Crowd; The Return of the Native; The Mayor of Casterbridge; Tess of the D’urbervilles ; Jude the Obscure

D. H. Lawren ce Sons and

Lovers;

Women in

Love; Lady Chatterley’s

Lover

Writing

under the

influence of

Fr eud’s

theory of

psychological

analysis, he

is one of the

pioneers of

modern

psychological

fiction.

James Joyce A Portrait of

the Artist as a

Young Man;

Ulysses (a

modern

prose epic)

One of the

most original

novelists of

the 20th

century,

whose work

shows a

unique

combination

of realism,

the “stream

of

consciousnes

s” and

symbolism.

Virgini a Woolf The Waves;

Mrs.

Dalloway

Representati

ve female

writer of the

period.

Poetr y William

Butler

“The Wild

Swans at

Representati

ves of

Yeats Coole”; “The

Tower”;

“The

Winding

Stair”. Imagism in modern English poetry. (T. S. Eliot: A leader of the modernist movement in English poetry and a great innovator of verse technique, and has profound influence on 20th-century English poetry.)

Thomas Sterns Eliot The Waste Land; Four Quartets

英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。

(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档

英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集： first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

英国文学史期末复习重点

英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.

自考英美文学选读要点总结整理出考点26位作家完整教学内容

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考26位作家) [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。(III)William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧：《错误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温莎的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。 19. Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有：《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。 20. The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。 22. Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。 23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are

英国文学复习总结

英国文学复习总结详解 Part one:Early and medieval English literature 1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》------the national epic of the English people ,it is also the epic of the Anglo-Saxon.(P3) 2.The name of the terrible monster------Grendel(格伦德尔)(P3) 3.the most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration(头韵)，others are metaphor （暗喻）and understatement(保守陈述)(P5) 4The Norman Conquest （诺曼征服）marks the establishment of feudalism in England. (P6) 5.The romance(传奇文学)(P8) The most popular of literature in fedual England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The hero of the romance was the the knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons. It was written for the noble class(贵族的文学) Romances falls into three cycles : “matters of Britain”( adventures of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table),“matters of France” (Emperor Charlemagne and his peers) “matters of Rome”. (Alexander the Great and so for th) 6. William Langland威廉·朗兰------ Piers the Plowman《耕者皮尔斯》(P11) 7.The ballads(民谣)(P17) The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.It is a story told in song ,usually in 4-line stanzas [?st?nz?],with the second and fourth lines rhymed. It was written for common people(平民文学). The subjects of ballads are various in kind,as the struggle of young loves against their feudal-minded families,the conflict between love and wealth ,the cruelty of envy,the criticism of the civil war,and the matters of class struggle. The most famous ballads are the ballads of Robin Hood. 8.Geoffrey Chaucer’ Contributions <1>Father of English poetry in 14th century. Chaucer introduces from France the rhymed stanzas of various types instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse,especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter(the heroic couplet) to English poetry.(P26) <2>Chaucer is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. His production of so much excellent poetry is an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country.He did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.(P26) <3>the founder of English realism(P23) The Prologue(序言)suppies a miniature of the English so ciety of Chaucer’s time <4>. he forerunner of humanisim (P24 倒数第二行) 9.Geoffrey Chaucer died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey（威斯敏斯特教堂）thus founding the “Poets’ Corner”..(P20) 10.The Romaunt of the Rose(translated from Franch)《玫瑰传奇》 Troilus and Criseyde(adapted from the Italian)《特洛勒斯和克莱西》 10. Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟------The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 The tales of the Knight,the Pardoner（卖赎罪券者），the Nun’s Priest (尼姑的牧师)，the Wife of Bath,together with the Prologue,are the best of the whole collection.(P24)（了解一下） Part two:The English renaissance

英国文学总结

英国文学总结： 一：The Anglo-Saxon period（央格鲁萨克逊时期）(450----1066) 1. First Anglo-Saxon poet: Caedom. 2. Two highlights in the development of the Anglo-Saxon literature-----Northumbrian school and Wessex literature 3. “Father of English History” is Venerable Bede. “英国历史之父” 代表作：The Ecclesiastical History of the English People 4. The king Alfred：代表作：The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle He created a style of Anglo-Saxon prose which was not obscure. 他创造了Anglo-Saxon散文体。 5. Anglo-Saxon poetry: Beowulf《贝奥武夫》( national and religion epic) A mixture of paganism(异教) and Christian elements. 二：The Norman Period (1066---1350) =The Medieval Period 1. Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages. (1): the matter of France: the exploits of Charlemagne the great and Roland, Chanson de Roland (2): the matter of Rome: Alexander the great and the Great and the siege of troy. (3): the matter of British: the Arthurian legend: Sir Gawain, Launcelot, Merlin, the death of King Arthur. 三：The Age of Chaucer(乔叟时代) (1350----1440) 1.John Wycliff：Father of English prose“英国散文之父”, translate the Bible into standard English. 2.William Langland: Piers Plowman《农夫彼尔斯》Form: Allegory寓言 3.Geoffrey Chaucer:The Father of English Poetry“英国诗歌之父”，首创“heroic couplets”英雄双韵体，首次用伦敦方言写作，被葬在：Westminster Abbey Works divided three periods: A: 1360—1372: French literature: The book of the Duchess B: 1372---1836: Italian literature: Troilus and Criseyde adapted from Boccaccio The Decameron C: the last fifteen year of his life: The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 四:The Fifteen Century (1400----1550) 1.Ballds(歌谣) became an important feature in the 15th. The most popular is the Robin Hood Ballads.五：The English Renaissance (1550—1642) 1.Edmund Spenser斯宾塞：The poet’s poet 诗人的诗人 代表作：The Shepherds Calendar《牧羊人日记》 The Faerie Queene《仙后》 Amoretti《爱情小唱》 2. Christopher Marlow马洛创造了无韵体/素体诗“blank verse”, 代表作：Tumburlaine《帖木儿大帝》 The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德斯博士的悲剧》 3. William Shakespeare莎士比亚 代表作：two narrative poems: Venus and Adonis The rape of Lucrece 四部悲剧：Othello Macbeth Hamlet King Lear 四部喜剧：As you like it《皆大欢喜》Mid-summer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》 六：The Seventeenth Century (1603---1688) 1.Francis Bacon培根：father of science 科学之父 First English essayist 第一位随笔作家 The founder of English materialist philosophy唯物主义哲学开拓者 代表作：Essay《随笔》----of studies《论学习》

英国文学选读知识总结

Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) 乔叟He was born in 1343 in London. He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.The father of English Poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.“The Canterbury Tales” (1387-1400) It is Chaucer?s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature. Chaucer’s Contribution to English Literature Chaucer is regarded as the founder of English poetry and has been called “the founder of English realism.” He is the firs t great poet who wrote in the English language. He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the “heroic couplet” (英雄双韵体) to English poetry.His masterpiece “The Canterbury T ales” is one of the monumental works in English literature 公爵夫人之书，百鸟议会，声誉之堂，特罗勒思和克里西德 Structure of a poem: A poem can be broken down into three parts: (1) Stanza (节) : a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem. It is the poetic equivalent of a paragraph in prose. In traditional poems, the stanza usually contains a unit of thought.(2) The line (行) : a single line of poetry (3) The foot (音步) : a syllable or a group of 2 or 3 syllables. T o scan a line of poetry one counts the number of feet in a line. For a beginner, the easiest thing to do is to count the number of stresses. Typically a foot will contain a stressed and an unstressed syllable. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)playwright, poet, actor.Shakespeare and Aeschylus are the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known.—Carl Marks.The Great Tragedies: 《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet,1601 ) 《奥赛罗》(Othello, 1604) 《李尔王》(King Lear, 1605) 《麦克白》(Macbeth, 1606) The Great Comedies威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice, 1596) 《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night's Dream,1596) 《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night, 1600) 《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It, 1601) Shakespeare’s car eer as a dramatist may be divided into four major phases.: The First Period(1590-1594) This period is the period of his apprenticeship in play-writing. Works: Henry VI The Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》/《连环错》Love?s Labor?s Lost 《迷失的爱》/《空爱一场》/《爱的徒劳》Romeo and Juliet, etc. The Second Period (1595-1600) This period is his mature period, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. It includes 6 comedies, 5 historical plays and 1 Roman tragedy. His sonnets are also thought to be written in this period. The Third Period (1601-1607) The third period of Shakespeare?s dramatic career is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. It includes 5 tragedies, 3 comedies and 2 Roman tragedies.Major works written in this period:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra The Fourth Period (1608-1612) The fourth period of Shakespeare?s work is the period of romantic drama. It includes 4 romances or “reconciliation（和解，复合）plays”. Shakespeare’s Literary Position:Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers in world literature. Hamlet:Hamle t is considered the summit of Shakespeare?s art. It is one of Shakespeare?s canon, and it is universally included in the list of the world?s greatest works.It?s written in the form of blank verse.blank verse : poetry in rhymeless iambic pentameter.（素体诗剧）The story, coming from an old Danish legend, is a tragedy of the “revenge” genre. Shakespeare incorporates into the medieval story other major humanistic themes, including love, justice, good and evil, and most notably, madness, and the spirit of the time Injustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society。1. first blow: father?s murder and mother?s re-marriage2.second blow: betrayal of his two former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern3. third blow: betrayal of his girl friend OpheliaThe greatness o f the play: in praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived.

英国文学总结表

英国文学总结表

History of English Literature Historic al period Liter ary Perio d Repres entative writer s Representati ve works Signifi cance Old English (410-10 66) Anglo -Saxo n (poetr y) Beowulf The national epic of the English people. Mediev al Englan d (1066-1 400) (The Wars of Roses, Foundi ng of the Medi eval / Midd le Engli sh (poetr y, roma nce and balla Geoffre y Chauce r Canterbury Tales (masterpiece ), The House of Fame, Troilus and Criseyde, The parliament of fowls. The founder / father of English poetry, and the earliest forerunner of realism. The Arthurian legends: Sir Gawain and the

Tudor Dynasty ) d) Green Knight Robin Hood Ballads: Lytell Geste of Robin Hood《罗宾 汉英雄事迹 小唱》 The Pre- Elizabet han and Elizabet han Ages (1400-1 603) (The Reform ation and the Enclosu Renai ssanc e (Hum anism ) (Poet ry and dram a) Thomas More Utopia The forerunner of modern socialist thought. Edmun d Spenser The Faerie Queene (Spenserian stanza) He has great influences on all the later poets. Christo pher Marlow e Tamburlaine 《铁木耳转》 Dr. Faustus 《浮士德悲 剧》The Jew The greatest pioneer of English drama. He reformed the

英国文学简史知识点摘要

First Part: Terms 1.Romance:The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance. It was a long compasition, sometimes in verses, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventure of a noble hero. The central character of romances was the knights, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons. He was devoted to the church and the king. The code of manners and morals of a knight is known as chivalry. The most popular romance is about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.(P8) 2.Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. Of paramount importance are the ballads of Robin Hood.(P17) 3.Utopia:Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversaion. It is devided into two books. The first book contains a long discussion on the social conditions of England. The second book describes an ideal communist society, Utopia, in detail. The name “Utopia” comes from two Greek words meaning “no place”.(P33) 4.University Wits: There was a group of so-called “university wits”(Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash) who wrote for the stage of the time. They were all of humble birth and struggled for a livelihood through writing. They entered the dramatic circle between the years 1587 nd 1593.(P49) 5.Metaphysical: About the beginning of the 17th centuary appeared a school of poets called “Metaphysicals”by Samuel Johnson, the 18th centuary writter.(P116) Second Part: Poets, Arthors, Playwrites and Works 1.Beowulf: one long poem over 3,000 lines. It is the national epic of the English people.(P3) Features of Boewulf: the use of alliteration,the use of metaphors and of understatements, the tinge of ironical humour.(P5) 2.Piers the Plowman and Its Author: a long poem over7,000 lines, written by William Langland.(P11) Artistic Features: dream vision, allegory uses symbolism, realistic picture of medieval England(P15) 3.Chaucer:Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry (father of English