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常用的翻译技巧

常用的翻译技巧
常用的翻译技巧

常用的翻译技巧

1. 重复法(repetition)

2. 增译法(amplification)

3. 减译法(omission)

4. 词类转移法(conversion)

5. 词序调整法(inversion)

6. 分译法(division)

7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation)

8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices)

1. 重复法

We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。Le t’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。He had it all written out neatly. 他把它写得清清楚楚。

1. 这种人闹什么东西呢闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。What are they after They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.

2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。A large family has its difficulties.

3. 天苍苍, 野茫茫, 风吹草低见牛羊。The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam.

4. 寻寻觅觅, 冷冷清请, 凄凄惨惨戚戚; 乍暖还寒时侯, 最难将息。(译文1)Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart! (译文2)I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. (许渊冲译)

2. 增译法

增词义增加虚词为多,也可酌量增加实词。英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。从增补的功能来看,可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。

I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。

1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.)

2. 子曰: “学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.”

3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

4. 交出翻译之前, 必须读几遍, 看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.

5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.)

6. 班门弄斧Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.

7. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.

8. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.

3. 减译法

增译法的反面减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来, 因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意, 或者在译文中是不言而喻的; 减译法是删去一些可有可无的, 或者有了反而累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词, 并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。

省译和增补是相辅相成的两种翻译技巧。省译和分为结构省译和精炼压缩。所谓结构省译是由于英汉两种语言在句子结构上的差异造成的。在英译汉时经常省略的词有代词、系词、介词、连词、冠词、先行词等。作主语和定语的人称代词以及做定语的物主代词均可省译。如果把结构省译看作是消极的省译手段,那么精炼压缩则是积极的省译手段,前者明显,后者隐晦。

The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。On Sundays we have no school. 礼拜天我们不上学。If you write him, the response would be absolute silence and void. 你写信给他,总是石沉大海。A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue. 聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。

It isn’t rum for a woman to want her old husband back, for respectability, though for a man to want his old wife back – well, perhaps it is funny, rather! (一个)女人为了体面(的关系)而要(她的从)前(的那个丈)夫回来,这并不(是)奇怪(的事),虽然(一个)男人要(他从)前(的那个)妻(子)回来,也许是很有趣的事。

1. 我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.

2. 郭沫若同志曾说: “中国人历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。” Comrade Guo Moro once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to prob e into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.”

3. 他们为国家做的事, 比我们所做的多得多。They have done much more for the state than we have.

4. 词类转换法

英译汉时词类转换的核心是根据需要将具有动作性的名词转换为汉语的动词,或者将可表示概念的动词转换为汉语名词。汉译英时则反其道而行之。

For students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them. 学习写作的人若能意识到各种文化在修辞模式上的差别,则有助于他们迅速掌握对

他们来说是外在的写作模式。

The music is a gas. 这音乐妙极了。Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙特那时已受挫折。Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。This experiment is a great success. 这次实验是极为成功的。

1) 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的, 非下苦功不可。The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 2) 一定要少说空话,多做工作。There must be less empty talk and more hard work.

3. 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。Xu Beihong’s drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good.

4. 林则徐认为, 要成功地禁止鸦片买卖, 就得首先把鸦片焚毁。Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.

5. 词序调整法

1 发生了这样的事不是你的错。It’s not your fault that this has happened.

2 她,一个瘦弱多病的女孩子,以她坚强的毅力写出了一部催人奋进的小说。A thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases, she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will.

3 一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。The pupils that had been watching started to applaud.

4 会议没能取得一致意见就结束了。The meeting ended in disagreement (without reaching a consensus).

5 这所大学现有计算机科学、高能物理、激光、地球物理、遥感技术、遗传工程等六个专业。This university has six faculties, namely, Computer Science, High Energy Physics, Laser, Geo-physics, Remote Sensing and Genetic Engineering.

6. 正说反译、反说正译法

反说英语词句中含有“never”, “no”, “non-”, “un-”, “im-”, “ir-”, “-less” 等成分;汉语词句中含有“不,没,无,未,甭,别,休,莫,非,勿,毋” 等成

She refrained from laughing. 她忍住了,没有发笑。She was refused admittance by them. 他们不许她进去。An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 良机难再。But all men are not born to reign. 并非人人生来就都是作帝王的。Both children are not clever. 并非两个孩子都聪明。

Private. 闲人莫入。Keep upright. 切勿倒置。Urban clearway. 市区通道,不准停车。Inflammables --- keep away from fire. 易燃物品,请勿近火。No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced. 凭票退还押金。These visits will operate only if weather permits. 以上参观项目遇雨停止或改期。

If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed. 如果你本人递交证件,只有校方信封保持密封才可以被认为是正视的。(误)如果证件由申请人本人递交,则本人不得擅自启封,否则证件将视为无效。(正)

1 我想小李明天不会来了。I don’t think Xiao Li will com tomorrow.

2 雷锋的高尚行为是赞扬不尽的。Lei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise.

3 她光着脚走进房间。She came into

the room with no shoes on. 4 法律面前人人平等。Law is no respecter of persons.

7. 分译法

分译法主要用于长句的翻译。

1、如果长句以一表示判断或小结的从句结尾,可使用分译法。例如:

这些国家的共产党和进步党派,正促使它们的政府和我们作生意,以至建立外交关系,这是善意的,这就是援助。The communist Parties and progressive groups in these countries are urging their government to establish trade and even diplomatic relations with us. This is goodwill. This is help.

2、如果汉语句子较长,其中有语气或话题的转折,为了使英译文明确,可进行分译。例如:

蒋介石说,中国过去没有内战,只有剿匪;不管叫什么吧,总之要发动反人民的内战。Chiang Kai-shek says there has never been any “civil war” in China, only “bandit suppression”. Whatever he likes to call it, the fact is he wants to start a civil war against the people.

3、如果汉语长句中含有反问句(或反诘句)或感叹号,英译时通常要分译。

不和中国的人民民主专政的当局好好地打交道,却要干这些混帐工作,而且公开地发表出来,丢脸!丢脸!Instead of dealing with the aut horities of the Chinese people’s democratic dictatorship in the proper way, Acheson and his like are doing filthy work, and what is more, they have openly published it. What a loss of face! What a loss of face!

蒋介石说要建国,今后就是建什么国的斗争,是建立一个无产阶级领导的人民大众的新民主主义国家呢,还是建立一个大地主大资产阶级专政的半殖民地半封建的国家呢?Chiang Kai-shek talks about “building the country”. From now on the struggle will be to build what sort of country. To build a new-democratic country of the broad masses under the leadership of the proletariat Or to build a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country under the dictatorship of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie

4. 如果汉语长句中含有从一般到具体或从具体到一般的过渡,英译时应分译。例如:

这一点现在就必须向党内讲明白,务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄不躁地作风,务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗地作风。This must be made clear now in the Party. The comrades must be taught to remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work. The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.

5. 如果汉语长句中含有几个平行的句子,各讲一方面的内容,英译时最好分译。如:

我军的现代化,就是要有一支强大的陆军海军空军,要有现代化的武器装备,包括导弹和核武器,要严格训练,要按实战要求苦练过硬的杀敌本领,熟练掌握使用现代化武器装备的新技术,以及随之而来的新战术。Our army’s modernization calls for powerful ground, air and naval forces and modern arms and equipment, including guided missiles and weapons; it calls for rigorous and hard training to develop the ability to wipe out the enemy as required in actual combat; it calls for mastery of the new techniques involved in handling modern arms and

equipment and of the new tactics entailed.

8. 语态变换法

被动变主动---主动变被动英语比汉语用更多的被动语态;英语中用被动语态的句子翻译成汉语时,我们可根据汉语的语言习惯把被动语态转换成主动语态;汉语中用主动语态的句子也可根据具体情况转换成被动语态。

说话时,已摆了茶果上来。(《红楼梦》,第三回)Meanwhile refreshments had been served.

当下众人七言八语。(25) By now proposals of all kinds were being made.

注意英语常用被动句型的汉语习惯译法

It is hoped that… 希望…… It is reported that… 据报道…… It is said that… 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… Its must be admitted that… 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that… 必须指出…… It is asserted that… 有人主张…… It is believed that… 有人相信…… It is well known that… 众所周知…… It will be said that… 人们会说…… It was told that… 人们曾说…… I was told that… 我听说……

四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧

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常用翻译技巧.

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以找出一般的表达规律来,避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误,而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手: 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。(形容词) He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜 欢物理。(动词) Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词) 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。

常用的翻译技巧

常用的翻译技巧 1. 重复法(repetition) 2. 增译法(amplification) 3. 减译法(omission) 4. 词类转移法(conversion) 5. 词序调整法(inversion) 6. 分译法(division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation) 8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices) 1. 重复法 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。Le t’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。He had it all written out neatly. 他把它写得清清楚楚。 1. 这种人闹什么东西呢闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。What are they after They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure. 2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。A large family has its difficulties. 3. 天苍苍, 野茫茫, 风吹草低见牛羊。The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam. 4. 寻寻觅觅, 冷冷清请, 凄凄惨惨戚戚; 乍暖还寒时侯, 最难将息。(译文1)Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart! (译文2)I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. (许渊冲译) 2. 增译法 增词义增加虚词为多,也可酌量增加实词。英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。从增补的功能来看,可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。 I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 2. 子曰: “学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 4. 交出翻译之前, 必须读几遍, 看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. 5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.)

汉英翻译技巧汇总

汉英翻译技巧汇总 Title: 汉英翻译技巧:合并(Combination) Key words: combination, simple sentence, compound sentence, C-E translation Abstract: It discusses the technique of combination of simple and compound sentences. Compiler: 丁树德等 C-E (A) in terms of simple sentences (1)天气寒冷,河水都结冰了。It was so cold that the river froze. (丁树德,"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导",大学出版社,1996) (2)理论必须密切联系实际,这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. (丁树德,"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导",大学出版社,1996) (3)他在战斗中表现突出,受到连长的表扬。He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle. (丁树德,"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导",大学出版社,1996) (4)年满十八岁的公民,都有选举权和被选举权。All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election. (丁树德,"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导",大学出版社,1996) (5)当时,友谊商店只对外宾开放,不对中宾开放。At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors.(王大伟,"现代汉英翻译技巧",世界图书出版公司,1999)(本科四年级以上) (B) in terms of compound sentences (6)她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪,这也不是没有道理的。She is justifiably proud of her achievements. ("现代汉英翻译技巧" 王大伟世界图书出版公司1999) (7)这家小工厂经过技术改造,发展很快,使人感到惊讶不已。This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with

英语翻译技巧实例

英语翻译技巧 5.拆句法和合并法: 这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如: (1) Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States. 同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。(在主谓连接处拆译) (2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. 我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译) 6.倒置法: 在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或

进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如: (1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world. 此时此刻,通过现代通信手段的奇迹,看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置) (2)I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community. 我坚信,英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我国人民利益的。(部分倒置) (3)改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置) 7.倒置法: 在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如: (1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.

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