大学体验英语综合教程4 Unit4课文翻译及课后答案

Unit 4

学英语既有乐趣又有回报

文学的研究——包含对哲学、宗教、历史事件的发展和观念由来的研究，不仅是文明的，并且有教化作用，而且是流行的和实际的。在所有从文理学院毕业并获得学士学位的人中，有六分之一的主修英语。让人惊异的是可，这些毕业生能胜任范围相当广泛的工作。他们的经验表明，这种广泛流行的偏见是错误的，即英语专业的学生只能从事新闻或教学工作：事实上，主修英语的学生也为未来从事法律、医学、商业和公职等职业做了相当好的准备。

有人时常劝告期望上法学院或医学院的大学生要学习与他们的择业有直接联系的严格指定的课程。有人还建议未来法学院的学生应该选修政治、历史、会计、商业管理，甚至人体解刨学、婚姻和家庭生活等课程。未来医学院的学生被引导去学习多种理科课程，实际上，这些课程比他们考入医学院所需要的理科课程要多得多。令人惊讶的是，许多法学院和医学院却指出，如此专门化的准备不但没有必要，而且并不可取。没有什么“法律预科”课程：上法学院和从事法律行业的最好的准备是培养学生能够进行批判性的思考；能够进行清晰的合乎逻辑的自我表达，能够对他人的动机、行动和思想进行敏锐的分析。这些技能也正是英语专业要教给学生掌握的技能。

此外，要进入法学院就读，通常需要具有合格院校颁发的学士学位，还需要拿到最低限度的各课平均积分点，并和在法学院录取考试中取得一个通得过的分数。这项测试包括三个部分：首先是测试阅读理解、图形分类和书面材料评估等能力。测试的第二部分是考核对英语语法和词汇用法的掌握能力，组织书面材料的能力和文字编辑的能力。第三个部分是检验学生的文学、艺术、音乐、自然科学和社会科学的一般知识。显而易见，主修英语的学生参加法学院的录取考试回得心应手。

至于医学院，入学要求的一条知识修满32个学时的理科课程。这一要求对主修英语的学生来说肯定不成问题。另外，许多医学院校要求学生必须在医学院入学考试中取得规定的最低分，这一测试对全面发展的文科学生来说有十分有利。医学院入学考试检测四方面的能力：同义词、反义词和词语联想能力；从分数到立体几何的基本数学知识；文学、哲学、心理学、音乐、艺术和社会科学的常识；以及熟悉中学和大学初始阶段教过的生物学、化学和物理学基本原理的程度。立刻基础扎实的主修英语学生完全有能力参加这一考试和医学院入学考试，他们的阅读、分析、阐述和准确交流的能力使他们更胜一筹。学医和行医只会从对人的行为的洞察中受益无穷，而这种洞察却是文学研究才能提供的。

很显然，如此的洞察力对计划以经商为业的学生来说也是很有价值的。这样的学生应该考虑的是，挑选主修对商科有侧重的英语了成是有优势的：这种课程的目的在于在提供文科教育的同时，也为从商职业做准备。对这种教育计划的需求是显而易见的：只有技术性资格的毕业生能找到从商工作，但却经常难以居其位。《华尔街杂志》和《大学生毕业杂志》都有报道，说越来越多的著名商学院的毕业生发现他们自己经常从一种工作或一家公司跳槽到另一个工作或另一家公司，在一个工作岗位上干不了十二个月。雇主们抱怨说，这些表面上年轻有为的男女们根本不会有效地交流，因为他们的文字能力不够强；他们不能够从管理人员培训中穴道东西；他们不能够进行有效的口头表达；他们不能用书面形式报告他们的工作进展或问题；他们不能够知道其他工作人员。然而，分析和交流的技能却是管理的最根本的需要。因此，偏重商业经营管理的主攻英语的学生为未来从事商业管理作好了充分准备。对涉及从银行、保险到通信乃至制造业等总多领域的将近400家公司进行了有关调查，针对是否聘用具有英语学位文凭的大学毕业生在营销、系统工程、人事管理、销售、编程、项目设计和劳资关系等领域都工作得十分出色。

主修英语的学生也正在各级政府提供的上千种岗位上工作。就拿可以算得是美国最大的雇主的联邦政府来说吧。从海军陆战队到矿务局，从商业部到国家公园服务处，联邦政府各种机

构雇佣的劳动大军近三百万人。主修英语的学生适合做其中的许多工作。最近，向51个联邦政府机构调查了同一个问题：是否聘用有英语学位文凭而却没有受过专门行业训练的大学毕业生，88%的这些联邦政府单位的回答是肯定的。主修英语的毕业生能胜任联邦政府的一系列工作，从索赔审议到外交官到公路安全管理专家等等。再说，那些要求高薪的人可能还需要参加一种考试，也就是说，联邦政府每年都要举行“业务和管理职业考试”对大约10 000 种工作岗位的求职者进行考核，而测试的焦点仍是侧重语言技能；理解、分析、阐述、理解概念间逻辑关系的能力，以及解决用文字表述问题的能力。毫不奇怪，主修英语的学生在这一考试中获得高分。

简而言之，英语的课程既无局限性又很实用：学习英语是对职业生涯的绝好准备。

Key to Ex.

5. 1. sensitive 2. classification 3. sufficiently 4. steer 5. familiarity

6. consequently

7. reward

8. qualifications

9. fundamentals 10. evaluate

6. 1. As f or 2. focus…on 3. benefit…from 4. failed to 5. relevant to

8. 1. My grandfather’s interests rang from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years.

2. Surprisingly, Tom’s grandmother plays with dolls at the age of 80.

3. His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get.

4. What interpretation would you put on his odd/strange dream?

5. The brand-new car our boss has just bought id capable of making 200 kilometers an hour.

“日本式英语”能成为一种合法的语言吗?

在我们当地的面包店的招牌上这样写着：“我们希望总能提供给你新鲜的面包并建议你享受有面包吃的生活乐趣，特别是，我们想成为你厨房晚餐的主人。我们用各种不同类型的面包、蛋糕和三明治恭候你们。”

这段话大意清楚，但能认为是正确的英语吗？是的，回答是肯定的，这是一位在日本的美国学者的观点。他说日本式英语与印度英语、牙买加和菲律宾等国说的英语一样也应看作是合法英语。

教育学博士马歇尔?奇尔兹认为，日本学生应该不管英式和美式英语的“势利”，以适合自己的方式来说英语，即使这样做可能会违背语法、发音和句子结构等公认的规则但是，他对“日本式英语”的推崇却激怒了他的一些同事，而且还在日本的一家英文报纸《读卖新闻》专栏上引发了一场激烈的争论。

奇尔兹先生是日本一所国际学院的院长，他认为两种语言（英语和日语）的混合是可以接受的，因为在日本人听来，这种英文更容易理解。

“创造性地使用语法结构是日本式英语的特征，其结果对那些期待使用标准语法的人来说是非常令人震惊的，但是其意义通常是完全可以理解的，也许这是因为它遵循了自然的思路。

“如果我们（以英语为母语的人）对日本式英语有偏见的话，那是我们的问题，不是日本人的问题。”

作为一个留居日本已有16年之久的居民，奇尔兹先生批评英语语言学校，说它们“羞辱”学生，让他们注册学习“正确的”英语课。

“我认识一位学生，在学了15年英语之后，她诚恳地听了一位新老师的意见，从最基础的东西开始，重新学习发音，这次学习的是‘得体’的英式英语。”

“她的这次经历耽误了她好几年的时间，花费了几百万日元。其实大多数学生并不需要

漂亮地道纯正的口音；他们需要的是培养流利的听说习惯。如果他们可以学他们喜欢的英语变体，则这些听说习惯就更加容易培养起来。”

奇尔兹先生还补充说:“广泛使用日本式英语所产生的生动活泼的局面本身是值得赞赏的，应该受到鼓励，而不是批评。

他还说：“在学校，学生非常厌烦与他们生活无关的‘正确’英语”。他还认为学习流利标准的英式或美式英语是文学家、表演艺术家、翻译家和国际谈判家的事。”

“一派胡言，”他的一位美国同行和学者丹尼尔?韦伯斯特反驳道。他说奇尔兹先生的所作所为对日本学生学英语有害无益，明明是错误的东西，他却告诉学生是正确的。

韦伯斯特先生是东京早稻田大学英语系的客座教师，他说，“在亚洲和加勒比海地区的人说的那些英语类似奇尔兹先生作比拟的日本式英语，可他们却能使用他们的英语相互之间进行流利的交流，也可以和外国人进行交流。他们也能看懂没有字幕的英语电影，他们之中一些有文化的人还能理解亨利?詹姆斯的作品，有的甚至能以高雅的文笔用英语写作。

“上述情况对那些使用日本式英语的人来讲决非易事。事实上，我敢向奇尔兹先生打赌，真正用日本式英语作为交际媒介来进行最基本的需求之外的交流的唯一场合只能是家庭，其中有一个或几个家庭成员是日本人，而另一个或几个非日本人。”

韦伯斯特先生宣称，“日本式英语的使用范围不会超出家里，在那些各家各户的住宅和公寓外面，日本式英语只能是许多令人费解的佶屈聱牙的话语，而且会永远如此。”

日本目前正在寻找提高学校英语教学标准的途径。事实上，虽然所有的孩子都学了几年英语，但就其水平，日本远比其他亚洲国家落后。政治家和商业巨头们说，这一趋势使得他们的商业和外交效率低下。一本名叫《40岁以上的人学英语》的教科书在这里十分畅销，近来越来越多的主管领导为了提高他们的晋级机会正在报名学习各种英语课程。

去年，专家小组给当时的总理大臣小渊惠三建议，要求在全国范围内就是否应把英语作为日本的第二官方语言进行一场辩论。这种想法将迫使中央政府、地方当局和其他官方机构用两种语言草拟文件，因而它被看作是向西方对日本文化的腐蚀所作的另一妥协，受到一些人的批评。

无论小泉纯一郎领导的新政府做出何种决定，人们可以预料没有人会抹去东京市机场候机厅用日本式英语写成的告示“注意扒手”，也不会有人拿掉自动饮料销售机上的牌子，上面写着日本式英语：该公司选择“有把握的上等原料为消费者提供最好的产品，让你日复一日地有好心情”。

Key to EX.

14. 1. beyond 2. champions 3. ignored 4. obliged 5. sheer 6. lagged

7. prospects 8. proficiency 9. prejudice 10. claim

15. 1. in a way 2. drawing up 3. calls for 4. signed up for 5. set…back

17. 1. He suggested at the board meeting that the easy task should be left to Mary whose health is poor.

2. Mr Brown, who is in Hong Kong now, has a lot of teaching experience and will come to teach our students in the spring.

3. This is the best hotel in our city: the food is good and the same is true of the service.

4. In order to attract more passengers, the caption assured all the passengers of the safety of traveling by ship.

大学英语综合教程4课后翻译

攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。我们在前线与敌人交战的部队遇到了强力的抵抗。师长（DIVISION COMMANDER）命令我们营（BATTALION）绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地（MARSHLAND）。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒一下险。我们在夜幕掩盖下出发，不顾困难，奋勇向前。幸运的是，夜间温度突然下降到摄氏零下20度，烂泥地都结上了冰。由于这寒冷的天气，我们于天亮前到达并从敌人后方发起进攻。这一下扭转了战局。敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。 The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered. Unit 2 汽车在二十世纪改变了世界，尤其是在美国和其他工业国家。汽车确实对我们大有用处，但也带来了一些危害，比如声音污染、空气污染以及公路死亡事故。据报导汽车事故被列为全世界导致死伤的主要原因之一。可庆幸的是，现代发明家们正在重新发明汽车。新的推进系统（PROPULSION SYSTEM）、燃料、设计以及制造汽车的手段在过去的十年中得到迅速发展。例如，通过使用卫星辅助的全球定位系统，汽车里的计算机能给汽车精确定位；随着遥感器的应用，智能汽车能排除不少汽车事故。 Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automobile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. Fortunately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, designs, and means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For example, by using the satellite-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computer in the automobile can locate the vehicle's precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can eliminate most car accidents.

大学体验英语综合教程4(第三版)课文翻译及课后答案

大学体验英语综合教程4(第三版)课文翻译及课后答案

Unit 1 无名英雄：职业父亲意味着什么？ 在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次“约会”时，我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具总动员》的电影。我们很喜欢这部片子，但随后我丈夫问道：“父亲在哪儿呢？”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。父亲不仅没有出现，他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿，说明他不可能离开太长时间。影片给人的感觉是，父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节，甚至不需要做任何解释。 新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化，这只是一个例子，它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为“无需父亲”观念。 职业母亲（我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的）奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。与此同时，媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候。当布兰肯霍恩先生就“顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时，许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。 这种“无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持，我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准：家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬，而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲，所得到文化上的认同却很少，甚至完全得不到。 我们用来讨论父亲角色（即没出息的父亲）的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。我们几乎从来没听到“职业父亲”这一说法，在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时，很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子，同样也适应于男子。我们这个社会表现出似乎家庭职责对父亲来说并不象对母亲那么重要——似乎事业上的满足就是男人生活的全部。 更让人感到侮辱的是最近媒体的这种倾向，即把家庭主妇看成是一种“地位的象征” ——就像一辆名贵的汽车，只有据说少数男人才享受得起这种奢侈与豪华。这暗示家里有家庭主妇的男人比那些妻子在外工作的男人日子过得更舒适，因为他们拥有全职管家这种“奢侈品”。然而，实际上作为家庭惟一挣钱者的男人要承受很多压力。当他们的那份工作是家庭收入的惟一来源的时候，失业，或者甚至只不过是受到失业的威胁，对他们来说显然构成更大的困难。同样，家庭惟一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时，其灵活程度也要小一些，因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。此外，为了给家庭挣更多的钱，许多丈夫超时工作或兼做第二职业。对于这些男人来说，正是这份工作所支撑的家庭，使得他们值得付出努力。很多男人相信母亲呆在家里对小孩十分重要，这种信念使得他们乐意地担起家里惟一挣钱人的担子。 目前，研究者们普遍认为家庭中没有父亲会对小孩——因此对整个社会——带来严重的问题。然而，我们这个社会并没有把“普通”父亲作为正面角色为未来的父亲树立榜样，相反地，却常常持放弃态度，认为传统的父道从最好的方面说是已经过时，从最坏的方面讲就是危险的反动。这使得许多男人对他们作为父亲的角色的价值提出疑问。 作为一个社会，我们需要认识到对于孩子来说，父亲是与母亲同等重要的，不仅仅在经济支

郭著章 李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(大写、标点符号与英汉互译)

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