【顶尖学案】2012届高考英语 unit12 culture shock 北师大版必修4

2012届高考英语顶尖学案：北师大版 Unit 12 Culture Shock 文

化冲击

核心词汇

1．We ____________(应该把……归功于)to Newton the principle of gravitation．2．The old man was utterly a__________ in the book.

3．We’ll have an ____________(机会)to exchange views tomorrow.

4．During the storm the ship ____________(离开正道)from its course.

5．The fierce ____________(外观，样子)of the salesman frightened the customer off. 6．The old lady is very ____________(谨慎的)with money.

7．The wind was ____________(飒飒地响)in the trees.

8．At the moment she had no ____________(欲望；爱好)for gossip.

9．You didn’t bother me.On the c__________，I like your company.

10．In a__________ to French，he has to study Japanese.

11．It is interesting to ____________(使对比，使对照)the two proposals.

12．We burned with ____________(好奇心)over what was in the box.

13．The dog wagged its tail in e__________ of a bone but is e__________ to go out.

1.owe

2.absorbed

3.opportunity

4.wandered

5.aspect

6.cautious

7.whispering

8.appetite

9.contrary10.addition11.contrast12.curiosity 13.expectation；expected

高频短语

1．________________ 给……搭车，搭便车

2．________________ 给(某人)送行

3．________________ 属于

4．________________ 坚决要求做某事

5．________________ 盯着

6．________________ 依附于……

7．________________ 严肃地看待某事

8．________________ 状况不好

9．________________ 对……敏感

10．________________ 习惯于

11．________________ 至少

12．________________ 与……相反

13．________________ 结束……

14．________________ 许多，大量

1．give...a lift 2.see...off 3.belong to 4.insist on doing sth. 5.stare at 6.be attached to7.take...seriously8.in poor condition9.be sensitive to 10.get used to 11.at least 12.contrary to 13.put/bring an end to 14.loads of 重点句式

1．But __________ some British people are quite strange，__________________ them are really friendly and I’ve made some good friends.

尽管有些英国人很奇怪，但大多数人是很友好的，而且我也交了一些好朋友。

2．If you are planning to come to Poland as a tourist，you will have plenty of

interesting places ________________.

如果你计划来波兰参观，将有很多有趣的地方供你选择。

重点句式

3．I had a similar experience ________________ I visited China.

上次我访问中国时，也有一次类似的经历。

4．...I had a difficult time __________ certain aspects of the American way of doing things.

……有段时间我感到很难理解美国人在某些方面的处事方式。

5．...__________ that you’ve never travelled outside Asia，I thought I’d tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.

……知道您从来没到过亚洲以外的地方，所以我应该告诉你一些这里您想要知道的情况。1.even though；the majority of 2.to choose from 3.the last time 4.understanding 5.knowing

知识详解

1 .owe vt. 欠(债、情)等

(回归课本P36)I certainly owe you an apology for not writing more often．

我当然应该因不能经常写信而向你道歉。

归纳拓展

例句探源

①(朗文P1640)You owe it to your supporters not to give up now.为了你的支持者，你现在不能放弃。

②I owe it to you that I finished my work on time.

亏得你帮忙，我才按时完成了工作。

③Owing to the rain，they could not come.

由于下雨，他们不能来了。

1．翻译句子

(1)I owe you my thanks.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：我应当感谢你。

(2)We owe everything to you.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：我们把一切归功于你。

2 .exchange vt. 交换；兑换；交流n.交换；兑换

(回归课本P36)Talking of money—it’s really easy to exchange traveller’s cheques at banks or hotels...

谈到钱——在银行或旅馆和旅行者兑换支票是很容易的事……。

归纳拓展

高效记忆

例句探源

①You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.

你可以在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。

②(牛津P691)Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera?

用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？

2．The technical cooperation and cultural __________ between the two countries are

daily on the increase.

A．expenses B．exchanges

C．exception D．extension

解析：选B。考查名词的辨析。句意：两国之间的技术合作和文化交流正在与日俱增。cultural exchange文化交流。expense花费；exception除外，例外；extension延伸，均不合语境。

3 .expectation n． [U，C] 期待的事物，预期； [pl.] 期望

(回归课本P36)I don’t know what your expectations are of London，...

我不知道你对伦敦有什么期望……

归纳拓展

in expectation of...期待；指望

beyond expectation料想不到，出乎预料

have little/no expectation of doing sth.没希望做某事

have every/an expectation of doing sth.有希望做某事

①Obama’s winning the Nobel Peace Prize was beyond many people’s wildest expectation．

奥巴马获得诺贝尔和平奖完全出乎许多人的预料。

②He has little expectation of passing the exam.

他对考试及格不抱希望。

③She ate a light lunch in expectation of a good dinner.

她午饭吃得很少，期待晚饭时饱餐一顿。

例句探源

3．完成句子

We are confident __________ __________ __________ __________(期待)a full recovery. 答案：in our expectation of

4．翻译句子

The event didn’t live up to expectations.

________________________________________________________________________

答案：这项比赛有负众望。

4 .majority n．大多数，大半；多数党/派

(回归课本P36)．..，the majority of them are really friendly and I’ve made some good friends.

……，大多数人是真正友好的并且我已经交了一些好朋友。

归纳拓展

in a/the majority拥有多数的；占多数的

the majority of...大多数……

【温馨提示】(1)the majority of...作主语时，其后的谓语动词的数取决于of 之后的名词；the majority作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。

(2)majority常由great修饰，表示most of；与介词连用作状语时用不定冠词“a/an”。例如：He won by a majority of 500.他以500票的优势获胜。

例句探源

①The majority were/was in favour of banning smoking.

大多数人支持禁烟。

②That’s the majority’s view，I think.

我想那是多数人的意见。

③In the nursing profession，women are in a/the majority.

女性在护理行业中占大多数。

④(2010年高考浙江卷)The majority of rented accommodation in London is probably advertised through accommodation agencies.

伦敦的大部分出租的房屋都是可能通过房屋代理处做的广告。

5．Among the members of the committee those who favor the proposed changes are in the __________，so the scheme was passed.

A．majority B．minority

C．maximum D．minimum

解析：选A。考查名词的辨析。in the majority占多数。句意为：委员中赞成修改意见的占大多数，这样方案就通过了。majority多数；minority少数；maximum最大，极大；minimum 最小，极小；C、D两项常用于指数学上的最大值和最小值。

6．The majority of doctors __________ smoking is harmful to __________. A．believe；health

B．believes；health

C．believe；the health

D．believes；healths

解析：选A。考查majority的用法。the majority of...作主语时，其后面的谓语动词的数取决于of后面的名词，所以排除B、D两项。又因“对健康有害”通常为be harmful to health，故排除C项。

5 .request n．& v．要求，请求

(回归课本P39)to make a request to someone you don’t know very well

向你不甚了解的人做出请求

归纳拓展

ask，request，require，demand

易混解析

＋n．/pron．＋n．/pron．＋to do＋that从句＋to do

ask×√√√request√√√×

require√√√×

demand√×√√

①They are demanding that all troops should be withdrawn．

②The wearing of seat belts is required by law.

③The young man asked his parents for too much money.

【温馨提示】request作“要求”讲时，后面可以跟宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，即其谓语部分用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可省略。与此用法相同的还有：

一坚持(insist)

二命令(order，command)

三建议(advise，suggest，propose)

四要求(demand，require，request，desire)

7．This is his only request that the room __________ after being used.

A．be cleaned B．would be cleaned

C．is cleaned D．will be cleaned

解析：选A。本题考查request的用法。that从句是request的同位语从句，从句应用虚拟语气，should be cleaned中的should可省略。

6 .conduct vt. 进行，实施；举止，表现

n.行为，举止

(回归课本P41)My friend went home，leaving me to conduct the band.

我的朋友回家了，留下我指挥乐队。

归纳拓展

例句探源

①My aunt conducts her business very successfully.

我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。

②His conduct disagrees with his words.

他言行不一。

8．Speaking of what sort of smartness is most desirable in human __________，a friend of mine told me a story.

A．conduct B．experience

C．custom D．habit

解析：选A。考查名词辨析。句意：谈到哪一种聪明(的事情)在人类行为中是最值得做的时，我的一个朋友给我讲了一个故事。conduct“行为，举止”，符合句意，experience“经验”；custom“风俗，习俗”；habit“习惯”。

7 .attach vt. 附上；系上；贴上；使依恋

(回归课本P42)At first，we didn’t feel we belong here，but now we are attached to the land we live on．

开始我们并没有感觉到我们属于这里，但现在我们与这块我们生活在上面的土地密不可分。归纳拓展

attach...to...把……固定到……，把……附在……

attach oneself to参加；和……在一起

attach to sb./sth.与……有联系，与……有关联

attach importance to重视；认为……重要

be attached to依恋；爱慕，附属于

【温馨提示】在attach...to...，attach oneself to和be attached to中to为介词。

①(朗文P96)Attach a recent photograph to your application form.

申请表上请贴一张近照。

②This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.

这个医院附属于附近的那所医学院。

③He attached himself to the expedition．

他参加了那个探险队。

例句探源

9．We should __________ primary importance to job training.

A．concentrate B．devote

C．attach D．emphasize

解析：选C。本题考查attach的用法。attach importance to...“对……给予重视”，符合句意。concentrate on“集中精力于……”；devote to“致力于……”；emphasize on“着重于……”。

8 .contrary adj.& adv.相反的(地)

n.反面，相反

(回归课本P42)Contrary to popular belief，Australia is not a dull place at all for people wanting culture.

与一般的想法相反，澳大利亚对于想感受文化的人来说不是令人感到乏味的地方。

归纳拓展

contrary to sth.与……相对立的

contrary to popular belief与普遍的看法相反

on the contrary恰恰相反

to the contrary相反的(地）

①He passed the examination，contrary to what I expected.

他考试及格了，和我预料的情况相反。

②Contrary to all advice he gave up his job and left for the south.

他不听任何劝告，放弃了工作，去了南方。

③He’s not a cruel man．On the contrary，he is exceedingly kind.

他不是个残暴的人。恰恰相反，他是非常仁慈的。

例句探源

10．完成句子

(1)Show me some evidence __________ __________ __________(相反的)．

答案：to the contrary

(2)It wasn’t a good thing；__________ __________ __________(正相反)it was a mistake. 答案：on the contrary

9 .forgive vt.(forgave，forgiven) 原谅，宽恕；免除

(回归课本P42)I wonder if they’ll ever forgive the way they’ve been treated. 我想知道他们是否会忘记他们是怎么被对待的。

归纳拓展

①Please forgive me—I didn’t mean to be rude.

请原谅我，我不是有意无礼的。

②Forgive me for saying so，but I think that’s nonsense.

请原谅我这么说，但我认为那是胡说八道。

例句探源

11．__________ me for what I said to you yesterday.

A．Forgive B．Apologize

C．Sorry D．Remind

解析：选A。考查动词辨析。句意：请原谅我昨天对你所说的话。forgive sb.for doing sth.“原谅某人做过某事”，符合句意。

10 .get used to 习惯于

(回归课本P36)You’re going to have to get used to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast for breakfast over here，Aunt Mei!

梅姨，你得适应这里咸肉鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早饭。

归纳拓展

例句探源

①(朗文P1950)I found the job tiring at first but I soon got used to it.

起初我觉得这份工作很累人，但很快就习惯了。

②In the end I got used to working in such a condition．

最后，我终于习惯在这样的条件下工作了。

易混辨析

be used to，used to，get used to

(1)be used to有两个含义：表示“被用来做某事”后接动词原形；表示“习惯于，适应”，后接名词、代词或动名词，表示一种状态。

(2)used to意为“过去常常”，后接动词原形，常用来表示今昔对比，暗含现在不那样做了。

(3)get used to意为“习惯于”，表示一个动作，说明由不适应向适应的转变，其后接名词、代词或动名词。

①Computers are_used_to_do many things for people now.

②She used_to study hard.(暗指现在学习不努力了)

③Don’t worry—you’ll soon get_used_to his sense of humour.

12．用所给词的适当形式填空

(1)Knives can be used to__________(cut)things.

答案：cut

(2)He is not what he used to__________(be)．

答案：be

(3)Old people are used to __________(get)up early to take some exercise in the park. 答案：getting

11 .see...off 给……送行

(回归课本P40)He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off.

他坚持护送我到车站给我送行。

归纳拓展

例句探源

①If you have to leave tomorrow，I will see you off at the airport.

如果你明天必须离开这儿的话，我会去机场为你送行。

②Her courage and good humour saw her through.

她靠着勇气和乐观的性格挺了过来。

③We’ll have to get that door seen to.

我们得找人把那扇门修一下。

13．John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will ________ him __________ at the airport.

A．send；away B．leave；off

C．see；off D．show；around

解析：选C。根据题意，“约翰明天要去伦敦，我去机场给他送行”，see...off为(某人)送行，符合题意。

12 .put up 住宿；举起；张贴；建造；搭起

(回归课本P37)．..find a local person who will offer to put you up at a very reasonable price.

……找一个乐意向你以非常合理的价格提供住宿的当地人。

归纳拓展

put sb.up向某人提供食宿

put up a tent搭帐篷

put up a notice张贴布告

put up your hand举手

put up with容忍，忍受

put off推迟，延期

put down写下，记下；放下

put away把……收拾起来；把钱、物等储存起来

put on穿上；打开；增加(体重等)；假装；采纳

例句探源

①She put up with his violent temper.

她忍受着他暴躁的脾气。

②(牛津P1615)We put up at a motel.

晚间住在一家汽车旅馆。

③Please put up your hand if you have any questions.

如果你有问题，请举手。

④We’d better put up a notice here.

我们最好在这儿贴一张通知。

14．(2009年高考陕西卷)A notice was __________ in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.

A．sent up B．given up

C．set up D．put up

解析：选D。句意：为了提醒学生讲座时间改了，贴出了一张通知。put up张贴；send up 发射；give up放弃；set up建立，创立。

13 .bring an end to... 结束；使……结束

(回归课本P46)The arrival of white people gradually brought an end to the traditional Aboriginal way of life.

白人的到来逐渐结束了传统的土著居民的生活方式。

归纳拓展

come to an end结束

go to the ends of the earth走遍天涯海角；历尽千辛万苦

call for an end to呼吁停止……

on end连续地

例句探源

①I’m determined to put an end to all these rumours.

我决心要制止所有这些谣言。

②The dispute between the two villages came to an end at last.两个村子的争端最后终于结束了。

③(牛津P658)He would disappear for weeks on end.

他常常是连续几星期不见人影。

15．Lasting more than three days__________end，the forest fire caused a great loss to surrounding environment.

A．on B．at

C．to D．in

解析：选A。on end表示“连续地”，符合题意。

句型梳理

1【教材原句】I don’t know what your expectations are of London，but knowing_that_you’ve_never_travelled_outside_of_Asia，I thought I’d tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.(P36)

我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但是我知道您从来没有到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以我应该告诉您一些这里您想要知道的情况。

【句法分析】knowing that you’ve never travelled outside of Asia为现在分词短语在句中作原因状语。

现在分词作状语，该动作与句子的主语之间为主动关系；若是被动关系，则需用过去分词作状语。现在分词的完成时作状语时，用having done，其否定形式为not having done。

①Not knowing where I lived，he had to asked the way.

不知道我住在哪里，他只得问路。

②There being nobody else to help me，I had to do it by myself.

没有人帮忙，我只得自己干。

16．完成句子

(1)__________ __________ __________(not eat)anything since the night before，I felt very hungry now.

答案：Not having eaten

(2)__________ __________ __________(late)again，he felt ashamed.

答案：Having been late

2【教材原句】When I first arrived in San Francisco，I had_a_difficult_time_understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.(P40)

刚到旧金山时，有段时间我感到很难理解美国人在某些方面处事方式。

【句法分析】have a difficult time(in)doing sth.做某事有困难。表示做某事有困难有以下几种表达方法：

(1)have some difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.＝there is some difficulty/trouble in doing sth.

做某事有困难

(2)have some difficulty/trouble with sth.＝there is some difficulty/trouble with sth.在某事上有困难

(3)have great/no/little difficulty(in)doing sth.

做某事有很大/没有/几乎没有困难

(4)take trouble to do sth.

不辞辛苦/不嫌麻烦地做某事

①I had no difficulty(in)finding my father in the crowd.

我毫不费力地在人群中找到了我父亲。

②We’ve been having trouble with our teenage son．

我们那个十多岁的儿子一直在给我们惹麻烦。

17．Can you imagine the difficulty I had __________ the game?

A．on winning B．won

C．winning D．having won

解析：选C。句意：你能想像得出我赢得这场比赛的困难吗？have difficulty(in)doing sth.

做某事有困难。“I had ________ the game”为定语从句。

作文指导

句式变换

1．非谓语和从句的变换

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。使用非谓语动词可以在有限的空间内容纳更多的信息，使句子结构紧凑、逻辑严谨。

【原文】【优化】

It must be realized that people should be cautious when_they_decide which books they should choose to read since if_they_read_bad_books，it will be time－wasting and harmful.

It must be realized that people should be cautious deciding which books they should choose to read since reading_bad_books is time－wasting and harmful.

【分析】把“when they decide”改为“deciding”，if 条件从句改为动名词短语作主语，句子结构变得更加紧凑，简洁明了。

【佳句选粹1】

【佳句选粹2】

【原文】【优化】

Because_I_was_ill ，I didn’t go to the party.The_party was organized by my classmates

yesterday.

Being_ill，I didn’t go to the party which was organized by my classmates yesterday.

【分析】把原句中的原因状语从句用分词的形式变换，又用了个定语从句把

两个句子连起来，使得句子更紧凑，更严谨。

2.强调句的变换

写作中，常使用强调句来达到突出重点的目的。强调句的基本结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分。另外，英语中还经常使用助动词do/does/did对谓语动词进行强调。

【佳句选粹1】

【原文】 【优化】

I met a friend of mine in the street yesterday. It was in the street that I met a

friend of mine yesterday.

【分析】 改成强调句后，强调说明是“in the street”而不是别的地方，句

意的表达更加有力。

【佳句选粹2】

【原文】 【优化】

We should be careful when we cross the street. Do be careful when we cross the

street.

【分析】 改成强调句后，语气增强了，句意的表达更加有力，可翻译为“过马

路时务必要小心”。

3.倒装句的变换

句子成分在句子中都有一定的位置，但有时可以把某些句子成分前后倒置，以达到突出强调的目的或起到某种修饰作用。

英语中倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。部分倒装在写作中比较常用，经常由否定词提前或“only ＋状语”提前引起。

【佳句选粹】 【原文】 【优化】

Everyone knows that we are busy all day.We know seldom what is happening both at home and abroad ，let alone what we can do for our country.

Everyone knows that we are busy all day.Seldom_do we know what is happening both at home and abroad ，let alone what we can do for our country.

【分析】“seldom”位于句首，引起部分倒装，突出了现在时态，句意表达

更有力。

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多少毫升？

3、将一定质量的金属锌投入到63.7g 稀硫酸中，恰好完全反应，放出气体的质量与反应时间（t ）的关系如图所示。请你据此分析计算：反应结束后所得溶液中溶质的质量分数。 . . H 2 质量 （g 反应时间（t ）

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