英语四六级作文及翻译
家庭暴力(domestic violence)指的是在亲密关系(intimate relationship)中- ■方对另一方的虐待。通常来说，受害者是儿童和妇女。在小国古代，人们认为男人有权利惩罚他的孩子和妻子。广义上讲，家庭暴力不局限于明显的身体暴力，它也冇许多英他的形式。关于家庭暴力产生的原I大1,出现了许多不同的理论，比如犯罪者的性格和心理特征。外部I大1素也有影响，比如犯罪者所处的坏境。然而，没有一种理论能涵盖所有情况。
参考译文：
Domestic violenee refers to the abuse by one partner against another in an intimate relationship ? Comm only the victims are childre n and wome n. In anci cnl China, people believe that a man has the right to punish his children and wife. In a broad sense, domestic violenee is not limited to obvious physical violence. There are many other forms of v i o 1 e nee. Many di f fere nt theories are brought up as to the causes of domestic violenee,such as the the perpetrators' personality and mentai characteristics .External factors also play a part, such as the perpctrators，surroundings. However, no theory seems to cover all
cases.
Crimi nal
Mental characteristic
青年奥林匹克运动会是专为全世界青年人设立的综合体育赛事。第二届夏季青年奥林匹克运动会于2014年8月16 FI至28 口在南京举行。本届青奥会的口号是“分享青春共筑未来”; 寓意全世界青年人在奥林匹克精神感召下，欢聚一堂，相互切磋，相互鼓励，增进友谊，共同成氏。吉祥物创意来自雨花石，意为提倡自然、运动、健康、快乐的生活方式;会徽将南京明城墙城门和江南民居伦廓组合在一起，勾勒出“NANJING”字样，寓意青春之门。
参考译文：
Youth Olympic Games, a comprehensive spor ts eve nt, is designed for young people al 1 over the world? The second summer youth 01 ympic Games was held from August 16, 2014 to 28 in Nanjing. Its s 1 ogan is "Share the youth, Build the future" , which means the young people around the world in the Olympic spirit, get together and play each other, encourage each other, enhance friendship and grow up together. Its Mascot conics from rain flower stoncs, advocating a lifestyle of natural, sports, healthy and happy; 1 Is cmblom will out 1 inc NANJ ING Ming city wal 1 gate and『oik houses together, with the idea of the gate of youth.
specially
中国水资源地区分布不均匀。总体来讲，南方水资源丰富，北方则水资源匮乏。随着人口的增长和经济的快速发展，北方缺水的问题口益严垂，解决办法之一就是跨流域(drainage area)调水，也就是南水北调工程(South-to-North Water Diversion Project) o南水北调工程包括东、屮、西三条线路。东线从氏江卜?游引水，沿京杭人运河(Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal)北送，穿过黄河卜■的管道，向卜-流入犬津附近的水库(reservoir) 0中线从长江的支流汉江的丹江口水库引水到北京。西线也被称作“大西线”，冃的在于从长江上游引水到黄河上游。
参考译文：
In China water resources are unevenly distributed. In gen oral, water resources are abundant in the south but deficient in the north. With the increase of population and rapid economic development, the problem of water shortage in the north is getting more and more serious. One solution is to divert water from one drainage area to another, al so known as the South-to-North Water Di version Project .There are
three routes. The easiern route wi 11 transfer water from the lower roaches of the Yangtze River to north along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and through a tunnel under the Yellow River, from where it can flow downhill to reservoirs near Tianjin.The central route is from Danjiangkou Reservoir on the Han river, a branch of the Yangtze River, to Beijing?The western route, also called the Big Western Line, aims at diverting water from the headwaters o『the Yangtze River into the headwaters of the Yellow River.
屮国，地球上最吸引人的国家之一，有5000多年的历史，是目前全球第二大经济体(the second largest economy)。随着广泛的经济改革，中国正经历着显着、快速的变化。1949 年以前的中国极端贫困、收入不平衡(income inequalities) 国家不安全。由于经济改革, 从1980年开始，人民的生活水平开始捉升至基木水平之上。全国人口有了足够的食物、衣服和住房，普通家
庭可以吃得起各种各样的食物，穿得上时尚的衣服。
参考译文：
Chirm, one of the most fasc in at ing countries on Earth, has a history of more than 5, 000 years and is currently the seco nd largest economy in the world .China is going through a remarkable and rapid change with widespread economic reforms? Before 1949, China was characterized by extreme poverty, income inequalities, and insecurity. Since 1980, thanks to the economic reforms, people" s standard of living started to c 1 imb beyond the basic level. The general population had adequate food, clothi ng, and housi ng, and ord in ary families could afford to eat a variety of foods and wear stylish clothing?
Stylish
时尚的
fashionable
屮国的社会关系是典型的由共同的社交网络(social network)组成的社会关系。社交网络屮的个体通过“关系”相连，关系中的情感被称为“感情”。中国的社会关系中一个非常重要的概念是“而子”概念，就像其他许多亚洲文化中的一样。正如中国学术大家费孝通的社会学着作小所写的那样，中国人-?跟具他社会的人相比一倾向丁?从社会网络角度看社会关系。因此，人们的关系以“近”或者“远”界定，而不是“有”或者“无”。
参考译文：
Chinese social relationships are social relationships typified by a mutual social network? The individuals within the social network are connected by guanxi (1 inks) and the feel ing within the 1 inks is known by the term "ganqing” ? An important concept within Chinese social relationships is the concept of face, as in many other Asian cultures? As articulated in the sociological works of Chinese leading academic Fei Xiaotong, the Chinese, in contrast to people of other societies, tend to see social relati on ships in
terms of social networks. Hence, the
relationships bet wee n people are perceived as being "n ear” or “far" rather tha n “in” or “out” .
感觉，理解Therefore
Hence 因此consequently 中国是亚洲笫一大国，世界笫三大国，有着比其他任何国家都多的人口。中国的人口超过十亿，这意味着地球上超过五分之一的人都生活在屮国。但是，中国有人片区域几乎没有人烟, 人们可能旅行好儿天都看不到人类生命的迹象。中国的人多数人口生活在东部地区。与其他地区相比，东部人口密集，儿乎所有可已被开垦(under cultivation) o从长江(the Yangtze River)流域往北，直至首都北京的人片区域是中国最人的人口聚居区。
参考译文：
As the largest nation in Asia and the third largest in the world, China has the largest population in the has a population of more than one billion, which means that more than ono fifth of people on earth live in China. But vast areas in China are almost deserted, and one can travel for days without seeing signs of human 1ife. Most of the people in China 1ive in the eastern part of the country. In conirast to other parts of China, the east has a dense population, and almost every piece of arable land is under cultivation. The largest compact community of people is in the region that stretches from the north Yangtze River to Beijing, the capital. 延伸
中国的教育体系是一个Fh教育部(Ministry of Education)管理的国冇公共教育系统。所冇公民都必须接受9年义务教育。政府提供六七岁开始的小学教
育(primary education),持续6年,紧随其后的是为12岁至18岁的孩子准备的六年屮学教育。一些省份可能有五年制的小学，但中学则为六年，一般初中为三年,高中为三年。教育部公布的小学入学率为99%,初、高中入学率均为80%o
参考译文：
Education system in China is a state-owned system of public education run by the Ministry of Education. All citizens must accept the compulsory education for nine years- The government provides primary education for six years, starting at age six or seven, fol lowed by six years of secondary education for ages 12 to 18. Some provinces may have five-year primary school,but six years for secondeiry school, including three years for middle school and three years for high school? The Ministry of Education reported a 99 percent enrollment rate for primary school and an 80 percent for both
middle and high schools.
自从商业航班出现后，对全球旅游业冲击授大的莫过于中国旅游。到2015年，将冇1亿中国人打包行囊，出境旅游。2012年，中国超越美国和徳国成为金球最大的国际旅游消费国, 创造了8300万人在国际旅游中消费1020亿美元的纪录。韩国有报道说在2013年2月份, 中国到访游客数量有史以来笫一次超过了日本。为应对这种繁荣，全球旅游运营商一直不遗余力地改变他们提供的服务-特别是在酒店方面。
参考译文：exceed outnumber surpass 超过
Chinese tourism brought about the str on gest impact on the global travel in dustry since the advent of commercial flight. By 2015,100 million Chinese will pack their bags to travel abroad. In 2012, Chinese overtook Americans and Germans as the world，s top in ternational touri sm spenders, with 83 mi Ilion people spe ndin百a record of 102 bill ion on internetional tourism. South Korea reported that in February, 2013,
for the first time ever, Chinese tourists overtook Japanese tourists in terms of arrival number. In response to the boom, global travel operators have been relentlessly adapting their offerings-hotels in particular.
Spare no effort 不遗余力的
Do ones utmost
从秦朝到晚清，朝廷将人民分为四个阶级:地主、农民、工匠和商人。地主和农民构成了两个主要的阶级，而商人和工匠们则归到两个较小的阶级。从理论上讲，除了帝位，其他身份都不能世袭(hereditary)。当拥有人量土地和半农奴(semi-serfs)的显赫家族出现时，封建主义(feudalism)就会局部复辟。他们控制着朝廷重要的民事和军事职位，并将任职这些职位的机会对本宗族的成员敞开。自唐代开始，朝廷改革了科举制度(imperial examination system),试图根除这种现象。
参考译文：
From the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, the Chinese government divided
Chinese people into four classes:landlord, peasant, craftsman and
merchant. Landlords and peasants constituted the two major classes, while merchants and craftsmen were collected i nto the two minor ones. Theoretical 1y, except for the position of the Emperor, nothing was hereditary. There was a partial restoration of feudalism when eminent families with large amounts of land and huge number of semi-serfs emerged. These families dominated important civilian and military positions of the government, making the positions aval 1able to members of their own fami1ies and cl ans. Since the Tang dynasty, the government reformed the imperial exami nst i on system 辿qUmpt gg 些些gut 卫1 i§ p也岂lgmgnon.
口1983年，希望工程(Project Hope)已经解决了国家的?些最紧迫的问题。这些问题包括儿童心脏缺陷、糖尿病(diabetes).艾滋病和护士教育，其矩期的冃标是在一些贫困县建立补助金项目，长期目标集屮在确保所有屮国孩了享受受教冇的基木权利。目前希望丁程在屮国开展了若干个项目，包括肿瘤学(oncology)培训、农村卫生保健提供者教育、儿童营养汁划、护士培训等。
参考译文：
Project Hope has addressed some of the country，s most pressing issues since 1983. These i ssues i nclude children's heart defects, di abetes, ATOS and nurse education. Its short-term goal is to establish grant-in aid programs in some poverty-stricken counties, while the Iong-term target center on ensuring that all the Chinese children enjoy the basic right of accepting their education?Currently, Project Hope has operates several programs in China, ineluding oncology training, education for rural health care providers,children，s nutrition program, nurse
training and so on.
“月光族(the moonlight clan) v总是每个月花光收入，也没有存钱的计划。社会中有一小部分人是“月光族”。支持这种消费观念的人指岀，作为月光族可以让他们拥有更多享受生活的机会，过高质量的牛活。这种消费习惯在某种程度1?.也造成了奢侈浪费。月光族或许拥有奢华、高质最的生活，但是他们也会感到缺乏安全感，尤其是当手头扌吉据的时候。
参考译文：
"The moonlight clan” always runs out of their income each month and has no plan to save money. There is a small number of "the moonlight clan" in our society. Those who are in favor of this kind of consumption attitude point out that being the moonl ight cla n gives them more chances to enjoy the 1 i fe and 1 i ve a high-quality life? This kind of consumption habit, to some extent, lead to waste? The moonlight clan may have a luxurious and high-quality life but they may be lack of the sense of security, especially in their rainy day.
Short of money 手头紧
美国华人社会自上世纪70年代以来经历了巨大的变化。最显着的变化是随着许多
中国人不断涌入羌国，美国华人经济得到快速增长。美国华人家庭的年均收入己
超过美国白人家庭。而近年来在美国如雨后春笋般涌现了一批杰出的华裔科技人才。他们的成就引起了世界上科学家和技术专家的注意并得到了赞赏。同寸华人
的政治地位也得到了显苦捉升，步入美国政治圈的华人逐渐增多。
参考译文：
Since the 1970s the Chinese community in the USA has undergone tremendous cha nges ? The most remarkable change is its rapid in crease in oco nomy as many Chin esc have kept flooding into America. Chinese American family" s annual average income has overtaken that of the US white family. And, prom in ent scientific and technical have talents of Chinese descent have sprung up in the US in recent years. Their achievements have attracted attention and gained admiration of scientists and technical experts in the world?Mcanwhile, more Chincse Americans onter American political circles as they have risen evidently in political status
Decent正派的，得体的，相当好的
And
And that 而且屮国梦(the Chinese Dream)是中国的一个新名词。人们己经开始期待一个"梦想的国度”。因此，在屮国人民的意识屮，屮国梦将会取代美国梦。期待“梦想国度”的屮国人现在要放眼全世界。改革开放使中国发展的梦想变为现实。中国已经进入了 ?个新寸代，在这个寸代出生的每一个中国人都应该为他们的好运而感到髙兴。
参考译文：
The Chinese Dream is a new term in China. People have begun to expect a "dream country n .Tn Chinese citizens' consciousness,therefore,the Chinese Dream wi11 supersede the American Dream. The Chinese people, in expectations of a dream country”，aro now opening their eyes to the world? Reform and opening-up has made the Chinese dream of development a reality. China has entered an new era, and every Chinese person born in this time should feel happy about their good fortune.
Replace
Displace 取代
当今世界，国家之间的竞争主要是专业人才之间的竟争。因此，为了加强我们在世界上的竞争能力,党中央(the CPC Central Committee)决定充分引进和利用我们的海外留学人才, 以及香港、澳门、台湾的专业人力。引进这些人才的部门有银行、保险等行业，以及大型国有企业，因为这些部门对外界开放程度更大，并处于越来越激烈的竟争环境中。
参考译文：
In today，s world , competition among states is mainly a competition among taiented professionals. Therefore, in order to strengthen our competitive power in the world, the CPC Central Committee decided to introduce and make full use of the overseas studcnts and the professionals in Hong kong, Macao and Taiwan.
The departme nts that would introduce tale nted people from outside are banking, insura nee industry, 1 arge state-owned enterprises, etc, because these departments are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and are more open to the outside world?
Talents 人才三手烟是指在吸烟几小寸或几天z 后仍然残留在地毯、衣物以及其他物品屮的烟污染。据研究，许多人，尤其是烟民，都不知道三手烟会危害人们的健康。在接受调查的1500名朋民和非烟民中，绝大部分人都认同二手烟的危害。但当他们被问到是否知晓“吸入前一天有人吸烟的屋子里的空气会危害你的健康”时，只有65%的非烟民和43%的烟民回答是肯定的。
参考译文：
Third-hand smoke refers to the tobacco smoke conlaminat ion that 1ingers on carpets, clothes and