初中英语语法专题副词

初中英语语法专题--副词

一、副词定义：

1.用来说明事情或动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词

2.用来说明其它形容词或副词程度的词

二、副词的分类

副词按词汇意义和句法功能可分为时间副词、地点副词、频度副词、程度副词、方式副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词等。初中主要学习和掌握频度副词、方式副词、时间副词、地点副词即可。

考点一副词的分类与位置

1、表频率的副词

常见的频率副词有：always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly,seldom.它们一般在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，.

①He always goes to school on foot.

②She has never been to Beijing.

③She is often late for work.

2、表示方式的副词

与方式相关的副词，如safely,quietly,quickly，politely loudly，luckily ，happily ，easily ，carefully ，slowly ，suddenly以及fast,late,hard,early等。

此类副词位于动词之后，如果是及物动词一般位于宾语之后。

①The children are dancing happily.

②They work hard.

③The students did their homework carefully.

3．程度副词

与程度相关的副词有：very , much , only, quite , as, too, too…for,too…to do, well, almost, even, a little , enough , rather, a lot , so,such , badly, nearly , further , really , widely , hardly , a bit等。

它们一般位于被修饰的词前面，但enough要放在被修饰的词后面。

①I can hardly know her name.

②The cake is so delicious

③He was badly hurt .

④He worked hard enough.

4．表时间、地点、方向的副词

（1）与时间相关的副词有: ago ,already, before, early, long, late, just, now, once, soon,

since, today, tomorrow ,tonight ,yesterday, yet等。

它们通常位于句末，有些也可位于句中如：already等。

①They’ll come back soon.

②They have finished the work already.=They have already finished the work.

（2）与地点、方向相关的副词经常位于动词之后与动词搭配构成短语动词。

outside, inside , upstair ,here ,there ,home, near, come back , turn left , go out

三、副词的考点

?考点1、副词的用法和位置

1).修饰动词作状语，位于动词后。

①He walked quietly into his bedroom.

②It is raining hard .

2).修饰形容词作状语，位于形容词前。

①You have a very nice watch. ②The machine is too heavy.

3).修饰另一副词作状语，位于另一副词前。

You walked too slowly, I couldn’t wait for you.

4）有时候也修饰整个句子

Unfortunately，he was out.

?考点2、副词的构成：

（1）多数形容词+ly变成副词. 大多数副词以ly结尾

recent ----recently? sad—sadly slow---slowly

clear—clearly final—finally real—really kind- - kindly,

careful--- carefully, Silent----silently peaceful---peacefully Safe---safely

（2）以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词需改y为i加ly变成副词

happy-- happily, heavy-- heavily, easy-- easily, lucky--- luckily, angry---angrily,

(3)形容词不去e加ly变来的副词

polite--politely, wide--widely, Safe--safely, extreme-- extremely

(4)形容词需去e加ly变来的副词

True - Truly, gentle ---gently, comfortable-- comfortably possible---possibly simple --simply terrible---terribly

特殊：good（形容词）—well（副词）好地(well adj 身体健康的)

考点3、副词的比较等级

副词的比较等级构成

1.规则变化

类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词一般在词尾加er或est hard harder hardest 以e结尾的只加r或st wide wider widest

一辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i,再加er或est:

early---earlier---earliest

多音节词和部分双音节词加more，most carefully usefully more carefully

more usefully

most carefully

most usefully

注意：形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，但是副词最高级前则可要可不要。

2.不规则变化

原级比较级最高级

well better best

badly worse worst

much more most

little less least

far farther(较远) further（进一步）farthest(最远)

furthest（最大程度）

3.副词比较等级的用法

1. “（not）as/so + 副词原级+ as ”。这一结构表示两者相似或前者不如后者。例如：

You don’t get up so/as early as I. 你没我起得早。

2.“as + 副词原级+ as possible/ one can ”。这一结构表示尽可能地做某事。例如：

Please get here as soon as possible/you can. 请尽快赶到这儿来。

3.“副词比较级+ than ”。这一结构表示比对方强。例如：

Mike works more carefully than Jack. 迈克工作比杰克细心。

4.“副词比较级+ and + (同一)副词比较级”。表示越来越、、、例如：

He ran faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快。

5.“the + 副词比较级，the + 副词比较级”。这一结构表示“越、、、就越、、、”例如：

The better I knew him, the more I like him. 我越了解他，就越喜欢他。

6.“副词最高级+ 比较范围”。这一结构中，比较范围常为含有介词in, of 或among的短语。例如：He studies (the) hardest among the boys. 在那群男生里，他学习最用功。

考点4、易错知识点辨析

1.兼有两种形式的副词

1) close与closely

close意思是"近"；closely 意思是"仔细地"

①He is sitting close to me. ②Watch him closely.

2)late 与lately

late意思是"晚"；lately 意思是"最近"

①You have come too late. ②What have you been doing lately?

3)deep与deeply

deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

①He pushed the stick deep into the mud. ②Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4)high与highly

high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much

①The plane was flying high. ②I think highly of your opinion.

5)wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"

①He opened the door wide. ②English is widely used in the world.

6)free与freely

free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"

①You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. ②You may speak freely; say what you like.

2.几组易混副词

1、hard和hardly的区别

(一)、hard可用作形容词或副词：

1. 当hard用作形容词时，意为“困难的、坚固的、努力的”等。例如：

①It’s hard for old people to change their ways. ②Steel is harder than wood.

2. 当hard用作副词时，意为“努力的、困难的、猛烈地”等。例如：

①Does Tom work hard at his lessons? ②It’s raining hard outside now. Don’t go out.

(二)、hardly只能用作副词，意为“几乎没有、几乎不”。例如：

①I can hardly see anything on the blackboard. ②My father hardly ever watches TV.

2、much too和too much区别

（一）(too) much 中心词是much

1．相当于形容词，意为“more than enough”，用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语。如：

①Americans eat too much meat in my opinion．②I drank too much cola last night．

③The work is too much for her．④She's afraid the trip will be too much for me．

2．相当于名词，在句子中作主语或宾语。如：

①Too much was happening all at once．②You have given me too much．

3．相当于副词，在句子中作状语。如：

①You work too much．②She talks too much．

（二）(much) too 中心词为too

much too的用法比较简单，只用作副词作状语，但它不单独使用，在句子中要修饰形容词或副词，但不修饰动词。如：

①You are much too kind to me．②It's much too cold．③You are driving much too fast．

【练习】1.we should not eat junk food .

A.too much

B.much too

C.too many

D.much too

2.it's ____ hot in august in Nanjing .

A .many too

B . much too

C . very too

D .to much

3.We don't have ____ time to work every year.

A much too

B so many

C too much

D too many

答案1---3 ABC

四、also ,too, as well ,either, neither 意思区别

Also 表示"也"是比较正式的用词, also 一般用于句子中,其位置在行为动词之前,动词to be之后。如有助动词或情态动词，一般应在助动词或情态动词后，为了强调，也可放在前面。

too 是普通用词,口语中用的多,too常置于句末，前面可用逗号，如置于句中，其前后均有逗号。

注意: also,too只能用于肯定句。

either 用于否定句中，表示前者不、、、，后者也不、、、，其位置一般放在句尾。

Neither 表示"两者都不"。

①I also went. ②You are also wrong.

①He is a singer ,too. ②He,too,is a singer.

①He didn't go there. I didn't either.

①In neither case can I agree. ②Neither of them wants to stop for a rest．

3)as well as

表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”“而且”“还”。如：

He grows flowers as well as vegetables.?他既种菜也种花。

She shares (in) my troubles as well as my joys.?她与我同甘共苦。

They have a flat in town as well as a place in the country.?他们在城里有一套公寓，在乡村还有一所房子。

注：有时还可译为“除……之外，还”，与besides, in addition to的用法相似。如：

As well as learning to swim he has been taking Spanish lessons this summer.?今年夏天，他除了学习游泳外，他还在上西班牙语课。

弄清强调重点,A as well as B这一结构强调的重点是A不是B，即?A as well as B=not only B but also A，注意体会以下例句的译文：

She is clever as well as beautiful.?她不但漂亮，而且聪明。

He speaks Spanish as well as English and French.?他不仅会说英语和法语，而且会说西班牙语。

Actors have to learn their cues as well as their own lines.?演员不仅要记住台词，还要记住其他演员的暗示。

五、already、yet、still的区别

1）already是"已经",用在肯定句中,用在完成时中比较多,比如I've already been to London.

2）yet是"还"用于否定句,如I haven't gone there yet.

此外yet还有"但是"的意思,有时可以和but互换,比如The authorities claim that the situation in the area has been under control, yet the fact is not the case.(当局声称此地区局势已得到控制,但事实并不是那么回事.) 3）still是"仍然",如He should have been killed in the accident, but he is still alive.(他本应在事故中丧生,但他活着.)

六、ometimes、sometime、some times 、some time

sometimes (有时)用于一般现在时、sometime (在将来某时)用于将来时、

some times (数次)表示次数、

some time (一些时间)表示一段时间。

e.g. Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.

I will stay here some time.

I will meet your father sometime.

题型1.选词填空

（一）luckily / lucky / unlucky / unluckily

1.That was an boy .he lost his parents in the earthquake

2. It rained hard. ,the children took umbrellas with them ,so they didn’t get wet.

3..He is to pass the exam

4. A terrible car accident happened to him. , he didn’t lose hos life

（二）easy easily easier more easily

1．If you have more knowledge .you can deal with the problems .

2. The question looks . I ‘m sure I can work out it by myself.

3. In generally,it is to say than to do

(三）success successful successfully succeed

1. Don’t worry . I heard that the airplane has landed at the airport.

2.If you become people will watch you all the time.

3. If you try your best, you will .

4. Attitude is everything. Details (细节)decide .

（四）happy happily happier more happily

1. Because of having parents’love, I can grow up .

2.Look . The children are playing over there.

3. The busier he is,the he feel .

（五）safe safely safety

1.School is the serious problem

2.Please drive more slowly. is the first.

3. Although we were in trouble . we got there

4. To be is important to everyone.

（六）careful carefullly

1. Liu Ming is a girl . She does everything .

2..Please be . There is too much triffic on the road.

3. You didn’t write enough . I can’t see clearly

题型2.单选题

1.—Do you think yesterday’s math problem was difficult?

—Yes. I could ________ work it out.

A．hardly B．easily C．finally D．nearly

2.--Don’t worry.My mother will look after your baby __________.

--Thanks a lot.

A. careful enough

B. enough careful

C. carefully enough

3.The Internet is very useful for us. We can find information.

A. easy

B. easily

C. hard

D. hardly

4. As we all know, smoking is bad for us ,______ for children.

A. especially

B. recently

C. probably

D. nearly

5.Sometimes it rains ________in Xi’an in summer.

A.heavy B .heavily C.strong D.strongly

6.He doesn’t play the violin so as his father.

A. good

B. better

C. well

D. best

7.She sang a song ‘I believe I can fly ‘ in Yangzhou English Contest. I have never heard a _____ voice than that before.

A．good B．well C．better D．Best

8.She likes reading and___.

A. so I do

B. I do so

C. I like so

D. so do I

9.-I won't go to the Great Wall tomorrow.

-I won't, ___.

A. neither

B. either

C. too

D. also

10.He is ___ tired that he can't go any farther.

A. so

B. such

C. very

D. too

When you do eye-exercise, you must keep your eyes____.

A. close

B. closes

C. closing

D. closed

11.It's a windy day. You'd better____ the windows.

A. close

B. closed

C. closing

D. to close

12.Bruce often ___ his left hand ___.

A. keep; close

B. keeps; closed

C. keep; closed

D. keeps; close

13. It is very hot. Please keep the door?????????? .

A. open

B. opening

C. opens

D. opened

14. The city is___ than the town away from the river.

A. far

B. farther

C. further

D. much far

15.Do you need ___ explanation to the question?

A. more far

B. any further

C. farther

D. any far

中考链接

( )1.(2010·兰州) --Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike?

--I’d like to go .

A.nowhere interesting

B.interesting anywhere

C.somewhere interesting

D.interesting,somewhere

( )2.(2010·衡阳) The more people drive, the traffic accidents there will be.

A.careful;less

B.carefully;fewer

C. Careful;fewer

( )3.(2010·合肥) --Did you find the small village yesterday?

--Yes, without any difficulty, for it has changed over years.

A. hardly

B. greatly

C. clearly

D. nearly

( )4. （2011·苏州）If you don’t work enough, I don’t think your dream will come .

A.hardly;truly

B.hardly;true

C.hard;true

D. hard;truly

( ) 5.（2011·兰州）He said he would come to see us ____ the next afternoon.

A.sometime

B.some time

C. sometimes

D. some times

( )6.（2011·芜湖）Jack is good at drawing. I think no one draws .

A. better

B.best

C.worse

D. worst

( )7. （2011·杭州）It’s too late to invite any more people. ___ , you know how Tim hates parties.

A. Besides

B. However

C. Still

D. Instead

( ) 8. （2011·滨州）-- Do you often go to the gym?

--No, . I don’t like sports at all.

A.always

B. never

C. sometimes

D. usually

( ) 9. （2011·黄冈）--Did Kate do best in the finally exam?

--No, but of all the students she did ____ .

A.the most careful

B. more careful

C. most carefully

D.more carefully ( ) 10.（2011·太原）The bag that my grandpa made for me___ gets out of style, but it is still best thing in my mind.

A. usually

B. normally

C. gradually

( )11. （2011·广州）--Steve is good at writing short stories.

--So he is. But he writes than us. So he can’t get good grades in writing.

A.most carefully

B.more carefully

C. less carefully

D. least carefully

( ) 12. （2012·佛山）--Did you go to the cinema to see 3D Titanic last night?

--No, I go to the cinema. The tickets are too expensive.

A. hardly

B. nearly

C. still

D.only

( )13.（2012·无锡）Man’s understanding of nature is developing . It never stays at the same level.

A.at the right time

B.for the first time

C.from time to time

D.all the time

( )14.（2012·连云港）-- I didn’t know you go to school by taxi.

-- Oh, I ____ take a taxi to school,but my bike needs repairing.

A.always

B. sometimes

C. often

D. seldom

( )15. （2012·南昌）He said he would go , but then he drove very fast.

A.early

B.quickly

C. directly

D.slowly

( )16. (2012·宁波)--Zhang Lili, “the most beautiful teacher”,has moved us deeply.

--Yes, and she is popular with her students.

A.sometimes

B.never

C.always

D. hardly

( )17.（2012·苏州）You don’t know____ I want to see you again. It’s a year since I last saw you.

A.how soon

B.how long

C.how often

D. how much

( ) 18. （2012·合肥）Mike hurt his back sreiously and can ____ get out of bed without help.

A.quickly

B.easily

C. nearly

D. hardly

( ) 19. （2012·巢湖）The man tried several times to start his car, and he succeeded.

A. in the past

B.in the end

C.at first

D. at once

( ) 20. How it is raining now!

A.heavy

B. heavily

C. heavier

D. more heavy

( ) 21. (2010·呼和浩特)Of all the teams in NBA, I think the Los Angeles Lakers played this year.

A.most successfully

B. the more successfully

C. very successfully

D. much more successfully

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南京龙文教育总部

中学初中英语语法——英语重点词汇区别

on earth 与on the earth 的区别 on earth有三层含义和用法： 1.作“到底”或“究竟”解，置于what，when等疑问词之后，以加强问句的语气。例如： ①What on earth is it？这到底是什么东西？ ②Why on earth did you tell a lie？你究竟为什么要说谎？ 2.作“当今”或“世界上”解，用于最高级之后，以加强语气。例如： He said，“I'm the happiest man on earth．”他说：“我是世界上最幸福的人。” 3.用于否定词之后，作“一点儿也不”解，以加强否定的语气。例如： It's no use on earth．这一点儿也没有用。 He said，“Nothing on earth can change my mind．”他说：“无论什么也不能改变我的主意。” on the earth作“在地球上”解。例如： We live on the earth．我们生活在地球上。 aim to 与aim at 的区别 就“aim”这个词本身来讲，有两种词性，一种是动词“瞄准，对准，打算”等之意，另一种是名词“瞄准，目标，目的，意图”等之意。就短语来说， “aim to”是动词短语，“立志要做某事，打算做某事”等之意，后接动词原形， 而“aim at”也是一个动词短语，“瞄准，以……为目标，针对，追求”等意，其后主要接名词、代词、动名词。例如： Tom\'s son aims to be a famous writer. 汤姆的儿子立志要成为一名著名的作家。 He is aiming at the target carefully. 他正认真地瞄准目标。 dress, wear, put on, have on的区别 区别如下： 1. 从所接宾语来看：dress 要接“人”作宾语(不接“衣”作宾语)，而其余的则要接“衣”作宾语(而不接“人”作宾语)。

初中英语语法知识—副词的知识点

一、选择题 1．We’ll meet kinds of difficulties in our lives in the future.We should learn to be ________any challenge! A．confident enough to take on B．active enough to take up C．enough careful to take up D．enough patient to take on 2．Jack sings _________ and he is a _________ singer(歌手). A．nice; good B．well; good C．good; well 3．—How often does he watch TV? —He watches TV. A．hard ever B．ever C．never 4．—Susan, someone is waiting for you on the phone. It_______ be your sister, but I’m not sure.— Oh, please tell her to call me_______ because I’m busy now. A．might; later B．must; later C．might; late D．must; late 5．________of the people here live on rice, and the people there live________on wheat. A．Mostly; mostly B．Most; mostly C．Mostly; most D．Most; most 6．Of the three boys over there, John sings English songs ________. A．more beautiful B．the most beautiful C．more beautifully D．the most beautifully 7．Food is important for our health. So we must keep our food ________ and cook it________. A．clean; proper B．cleanly; proper C．clean; properly D．cleanly; properly 8．—Every student likes Ms. Wang very much. —Yes. She________makes her lessons interesting. A．never B．always C．Sometime 9．—What do you think of Rose? —She’s a lazy girl. She ________ helps her mother do house work at home. A．never B．often C．always 10．Look after yourself and take care of your pet. A．well; well B．good; good C．well; good D．good; well 11．—Talking with my parents is _____________ difficult for me. They never understand me.—Don’t worry. Nothing is difficult if you try your best. A．seldom B．never C．always D．sometime 12．Tony ________ gets up early, so he is never late ________school. A．never; for B．never; to C．always; for D．always; to 13．—I can’t find my dog. —________ you can ask the policeman for help. A．Why not B．May be C．Shall D．Perhaps 14．—How was your trip to the British Museum?

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