大学英语综合教程第一单元知识点

Unit 1 Growing Up

Detailed Reading

I. Difficult Sentences

1.Until then I’d been bored by everything associated with English courses. (Para. 1)

2.What can we infer from this sentence

3.(Up to then, Baker had had no interest in things related to English courses.)

4.I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write. (Para. 1)

5.Paraphrase the sentence.

6.(I found it painful to write long, boring essays as required by teachers; neither did teachers enjoy what I wrote.)

7.another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects (Para. 2)

8.What can we learn from this phrase

9.(We can know from this phrase that before Mr. Fleagle became Baker’s English teacher, all English courses were dull.)

10.I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. (Para. 3)

11.What does the author really mean when he says “I ... was not disappointed”

12.(He means that his expectation was right that Mr. Fleagle’s lessons were dull.)

13.I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it. (Para. 3)

14.1) What can we infer from these sentences

15.(Baker was unwilling to write his essay.)

16.2) List phrases to support your inference.

17.(did nothing until … the essay was due; faced up to the unwelcome task.)

18.This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. (Para. 4)

19.Paraphrase the sentence and translate it into Chinese.

20.(At the sight of the title I saw an unusual series of pictures in my mind’s eye. 这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。)

21.Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table — Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal — and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. (Para. 4)

22.Analyze the structure of the sentence.

23.(在这个长句中，came flooding back 是谓语，其余的都是主语。为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，作者运用了割裂修饰法，把谓语前移，主语中心语的修饰成分后置，使谓语紧接主语。例如：

24.- A list has been drawn up of words we have learned so far.

25.- All is not gold that glitters.)

26.Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. (Para. 4)

27.What is the relationship between Baker and Doris Why

28.(Doris was Baker’s sister or his female cousin. Two reasons for that:

29.- Doris is a female name;

30.- The author mentioned “none of the adults ...” which shows that they were still children, not adults.)

31.I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class’s attention. (Para. 6)

32.1) Paraphrase this part of the sentence: I was prepared … for discipline.

33.(I was ready for Mr. Fleagle’s order to see him soon after school for the purpose of punishing me ...)

34.2) Why did Baker think he would be punished

35.(Because to his mind, this time he had violated the rules of formal composition.)

36.3) What’s the function of the word “when” in the sentence

37.(The word “when” here doesn’t mean “at or during the time that” (当…时). Instead, it means “and then” (在那时).

38.More examples:

39.- He had just drifted off to sleep when the bell rang.

40.-I was about to ask after his wife when I suddenly remembered that they were getting a divorce.)

41.In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. (Para. 9)

42.Translate the sentence into Chinese.

43.(就在十一年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一件今生想做的事。)

II. Words & Expressions

off and on (or on and off):from time to time; now and again; irregularly

- It has been raining on and off for a week. That’s why the clothes feel damp.

-As her patient slept soundly during the night, Nurse Betty was able to doze off and on in a bedside chair.

take hold:become established

- The idea of one child has taken hold in many Chinese families.

-老习惯是很难摆脱的。这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟。(Old habits die hard. That’s why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.)

bore:vt. make (sb.) feel tired and lose interest

- The speaker went on and on, and the audience grew bored by his speech.

- Tom Sawyer grew bored with painting the garden fence, so he thought of a way to make others paint for him.

Collocation:

a crashing bore讨厌至极的人/事

a frightful bore讨厌得要命的家伙

an insufferable bore讨厌得令人无法忍受的人

an utter bore极惹人厌烦的事

associate:vt. join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind

-我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。(We often associate Egypt with pyramids.)

- I can’t associate this gentle young woman with the radical political essays she has written.

- Jim wished to forget everything associated with his former life.

turn out:

1) come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc.

2) prove to be

3) shut off

4) produce; make

Match the above definitions with the sentences below.

- A large group of protesters have turned out. (1)

- The school has turned out some great scholars. (4)

- Turn out the light before you go to bed. (3)

- The plan turned out a failure. (2)

- We are to turn out 100,000,586 computers next year to meet the market requirements. (4)

- The experiment turned out to be a success. (2)

- Crowds turned out for the procession. (1)

anticipate: vt. expect (usu. followed by gerund or that-clause)

-The police had anticipated trouble from the soccer fans and were at the ground in large numbers.

-他们预测到2012年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。(They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2012.)

N.B. 该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词，不可用不定式代替。

- We anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform.

- We anticipate hearing from you again.

tedious:adj. boring and lasting for a long time

- The movie was so tedious that many viewers left before it was over.

- Laura found George to be tedious and decided not to see him anymore.

inspire:vt. fill (sb.) with confidence, eagerness, etc.

-Martin Luther King, Jr.’s speeches inspired people to fight for equal treatment of African Americans.

- The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on. Collocation:

inspire sth. in sb .(= inspire sb. with sth.) 使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情

rigid: adj. (often disapproving) fixed in behavior; based on correct or accepted rules

-如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话，他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走了。(If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.) - The rigid headmaster would button up his clothes even on the hottest days.

severe: adj.

1) completely plain

- The widow wore a severe black dress to her husband’s funeral.

-海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。(Hemingway is known for his severe writing style.)

2) stern; strict

- Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force.

- Fu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry.

3) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc.

- The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack.

-工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品，才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。(A factory must turn

out newer and better products to win in the climate of severe business competition.)

CF: severe, stern & strict

severe 作“严厉”解时，可以用来形容人（severe father 严厉的父亲），人的面貌（severe look 严厉的神色），人的态度（The teacher is severe with his students. 教师对学生很严厉。）。stern 与severe 相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容貌或态度。例如：a stern father 和a severe father 都可以用，但含义稍有不同：a severe father指对于子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多；a stern father 则指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意味较多。

strict 相当于汉语的“严格的”，须先假定有一种客观的标准（如规章、纪律、定义、真理等）。例如：

- The teacher is strict with his students.

- There is a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium.

tackle:vt. deal with

- Toshiba (东芝) recently designed a robot that can tackle almost any kinds of housework.

- The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it. face up to:be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or difficulty)

- Yeltsin faced up to the fact that he was no longer fit for the Russian presidency and resigned on New Year’s Eve.

-既然你女儿已经诞生了，你就要承担起做父亲的责任。(Now that your daughter was born, you’ll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.)

sequence: n.connected line of events, ideas, etc.

-连续的歉收（bad harvest）迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助（foreign aid）。(A sequence of bad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid.)

-The Fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical sequence.

CF: sequence & series

sequence 是指“先后衔接的次序”。这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；也可以是逻辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。例如：- I have a poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence of events. (我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。)

- Your argument lacks logical sequence, for your second point does not follow the first. (你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序，因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。)

series 是指“系列”、“组”，可以有先后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。例如：

- Professor Li will give a series of lectures on the Middle East issue. (李教授将就中东问题做一系列的讲座。)

- The post office has issued a series of stamps commemorating the Olympic Games. (邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。)

Collocation:

in sequence顺次，挨次

in rapid sequence紧接着，一个接着一个

in regular sequence按次序，有条不紊

the sequence of events事情的先后顺序

recall: vt. bring back to the mind; remember (usu. followed by noun / gerund, or that-clause)

- I recognize the face but can’t recall her name.

- I don’t recall ever meeting her.

- She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that afternoon.

CF: recall, remember & remind

这三个词都与“记忆”有关，前两个词有时可通用。

recall“想起”，把忘记的东西又想起来了，其动作包含有意识的努力，因此常与can，could 等词连用，强调一次的回忆。例如：

- Try as I might, I could not recall where I had left the book. (我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。)

- I remember her face but I cannot recall where I met her. (我记得她的脸，但是想不起在什么地方见过她。)

remember “想起”，用处比较广泛，指事物自然在记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志。例如：-I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library. (我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。)

如果remember 表示有意识的行动，常指“记住”。例如：

- You must remember this phone number. (你必须记住这个电话号码。)

remind 指“使某人想起”，“提醒”，宾语是人。具体用法如下：

1) 接宾语；

2) 接宾语+of+宾语；

3) 接宾语+不定式；

4) 接宾语+that-clause。

例如：

1) If I forget it, please remind me. (如果我忘了，请提醒我。)

2) This reminds me of last year. (这使我想起去年的事。)

3) Remind me to write to my Mom. (提醒我给妈妈写信。)

4) The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. (看到钟我想起自己迟到了。) argument: n.

1) a disagreement; a quarrel

- Mary found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband.

2) a reason given to support or disprove sth.

- There are many arguments against smoking.

-那位着名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。(The famous professor can always drive home an argument.)

Collocation:

get into an argument加入/卷入争论

break off an argument中断一场争论

terminate an argument结束一场争论

settle an argument 解决一场争论

a bitter / violent / heated argument激烈的争论

put forward / offer an argument提出论点

confute an argument驳倒一个论点

put down:write down

-管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。(The housekeeper puts down the daily expenses in a little notebook.)

- Put down what you hear, please.

violate:vt. act against

- Speeding in downtown areas violates traffic regulations.

- A country isn’t respected if it violates an international agreement.

compose:vt. write or create (music, poetry, etc.)

-The president’s speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else

- John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son.

CF: compose, consist of, comprise & constitute

这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。

compose 常见于被动语态，构成be composed of 的结构，表示“由…构成”；在用于主动语态时,一般包含着“融合为一”的意思，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。例如：- Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. (混凝土由水泥、沙、石子与水掺和而成。)

- England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. (英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。)

consist of 意为“由…构成”，强调结果是一个统一整体。例如：

- New York City consists of five boroughs. (纽约市由五个行政区组成。)

comprise 可表示“由…构成”；也可表示“构成”。例如：

- The committee comprises men of widely different views. (这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。)

- Fifty states comprise the United States. (美国由50个州组成。)

constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。例如：

- Seven days constitutes a week. (七天构成一个星期。)

turn in:

1. hand in; give over

2. deliver (a person or thing) to the police

3. give back; return

Match the above definitions with the sentences below.

- The criminal turned herself in. (2)

- For your final grade, each of you must turn in a 7-page paper. (1)

- You must turn in your uniform when you leave the army. (3)

- Have you all turned in your homework for last night (1)

command:

1. n. order

- The commander gave the command that all prisoners of war should be well treated.

- The rebellious army would not obey any command from the President.

2. v. give an order (to)

-船长命令船员立刻离船。(The captain commanded his men to leave the ship immediately.)

- If you command wisely, you’ll be obeyed cheerfully. ([谚语]指挥有方，人人乐从。)

- He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself. ([谚语]不能指挥自己就不能指挥别人。)

NB:

像suggest, demand 等动词一样,跟在command后面的that 从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用

“should+原形动词”或直接加原形动词，而不管从句中的人称或时态。例如：

- He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.

Collocation:

get command of控制

have a good command of能自由应用

have … at one's command能充分掌握…

take command of开始担任…指挥

under (the) command of由…指挥；在…指挥之下

CF: command & order

command 暗含“必须服从”的意思，比较正式。例如:

- The officer commanded his soldiers to open fire on the enemy. (军官命令士兵开枪射击敌人。) order 指一般的上级“命令”下级，较普通、常用。例如：

- He was ordered to write a full report on the matter. (他奉命写一篇关于那件事的详细报告。) what’s more:in addition; more importantly

- Ms. Stewart manages a successful business and gives a weekly TV cooking show. What’s more, she has already published three books on gardening.

-你怎么会爱上这个人。他整天看电视，更有甚者，他好像几个月没刷牙了！(How can you love this man He watches TV all day long, and what’s more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months!)

hold back:

1) prevent the expression of (feelings, tears, etc.)

- Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not even attempting to hold back the tears.

2) make sb. or sth. stop moving forward

- The men built banks of earth to hold back the rising flood water.

3) prevent the development of

- You could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is holding you back.

4) keep (sth.) secret

-把事情全告诉我，不要隐瞒任何细节。(Tell me about it — don’t hold anything back.) avoid:vt. keep or get away from (usu. followed by noun / gerund)

-The little boy who had broken a neighbor’s window ran away to avoid punishment / being punished.

-我横穿马路以便避开他，但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。(I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.)

NB:

英语中有些动词或词组后面只能跟名词或动名词，不能跟不定式，如：avoid，deny，enjoy，escape，finish，mind，miss，postpone，suggest，feel like，give up，put off 等，我们在使用中要特别注意。

CF: avoid & escape

两词均有“避”的意思。

avoid 指“（有意识地）躲避”不愉快的或可能发生的危险或情况，而不是“逃避”实际的威胁。例如：

- He deliberately avoided seeing me. (他故意回避我。)

- The danger can be avoided if we lay our plans carefully. (如果我们计划定得周密，危险就可以避免。)

escape 作及物动词时，表示“逃脱”，常用于抽象、借喻的情况中。例如：

- How did he imagine that things like that could escape detection (他怎么会认为像那样的事情可以不被发觉呢？)

- The name has escaped my memory. (我记不得那名字了。)

the eleventh hour:the last moment before sth. important happens

- John turned in the report at the eleventh hour.

-那位总统的访问在最后时刻被取消了。(The president’s visit was called off at the eleventh hour.)

career:n. a job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to follow for the whole of one’s life

- My farmer parents have never expected me to make novel writing my career.

-我祖父教了一辈子书，教书是他所干过的唯一的工作。(My grandfather was a career teacher; it’s the only job he’d ever done.)

Collocation:

carve (out) a career for oneself闯出一番事业；谋求发迹

in (the) full career开足马力地,全速地

make a career在事业上有所成就

put / set the seal on:make sth. definite or complete

- A last-minute goal set / put the seal on Tottenham’s victory.

- The experience set the seal on their friendship.

After Reading >> Useful Expressions

断断续续off and on

对…感到腻味be bored by …

觉得…枯燥难懂find … dull and difficult

以…而出名have a reputation for …

据说某人…sb. be said to be …

拘谨刻板，落后于时代formal, rigid and out-of-date

随笔小品文informal essay

躺在沙发上lie on a sofa

不得不面对…face up to …

围坐在晚餐桌旁be seated around the supper table

…重现在我脑海中… reawake in my mind

自得其乐for my own joy

违反规定violate the rules

不及格分 a failing grade

别无选择，只好做…There is no choice but to do …

更重要的是，而且what’s more

专心地听listen attentively

乐呵呵地开怀大笑laugh with open-hearted enjoyment

心花怒放pure delight

最后的时刻at the eleventh hour

After Reading >> Sentence Translation

1. The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn’t until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.

(从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这一想法才有了实现的可能。)

2. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire.

(弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。)

3.Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it.

(我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗看了一下。)

4. 我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。

(The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”)

5.突然我就想描述那一切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但我把它写下来仅仅是想自得其乐，而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。

(Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle.)

6. 等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写一篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。

(When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle.)

7. 我尽力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑，我真是心花怒放。

(I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh.)

新标准大学英语综合教程1单元答案

Unit One Reading and understanding p.4 – p.5 2 Check (√) the true statements. 1 It’s a description of the first few days at college. 2 It’s a personal and private story. 3 The writer uses past tenses. (The writer actually uses present tenses, but some diaries do use past tenses.) 4 It’s factual. 5 It’s written in the third person. 1, 2, 4 3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1.(a ) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (a) 4 Match the words and expressions in the box with their definitions. 1 (swear) 2 (muscle) 3 (impress) 4 (sip) 5 (gap) 6 (check in) 5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. 1 (barely) 2 (spill) 3 (ignorant) 4 (intelligent) 5 (sign up) 6 (assures) She assures me that she’s read the book. 7 (run out of) I need to go and buy some tea, I have run out of it. 6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 Is a warden likely to be (a) a teacher at the college, or (b) someone who looks

全大学英语综合教程第二版课题答案全集

【一】全新版大学英语综合教程1课后题 Unit 1 Growing Up Part II Language Focus Vocabulary Ⅰ.1. …down back and on in 2. been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time. the command the soldiers opened fire. bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. , rigid, to inspire tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas , career, avoid showing, hardly hold back Ⅱ. violating Ⅲ. , in upon Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ. Cloze 1. back

and on out/in 2. Ⅱ. Translation 1. 1.As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2.His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold. 3.Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4.It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5.It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 2. Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Friendship I. Vocabulary 1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. 1) absolutely 2) available

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文及翻译

One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?

大学英语综合教程1课后答案

The Answers to Unit 1 Enhance Your Language Awareness (I) Working with Words and Expressions 2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is...related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid... of (8) cleared up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It's no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II) Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d 2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. Adverbs Adjectives efficiently efficient particularly particular fluently fluent quickly

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2课文

BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式

我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。

大学英语综合教程

英语复习资料短语 unit 1 （be）free of摆脱，免于 draw the line（at）划清最后界限 get away from it all远离这一切；have a point和情理；是明智的 live with容忍 off the grid 没有联网 save for除……之外 serve up sth.提供 sniff at对……嗤之以鼻 unit 2 a host of一大群；许多 buck the tread抵制某种趋势；反潮流by definition依据定义；当然地 center on以……为中心 check off清点 get out of the way使某人或某物不碍事in terms of根据，就……而言 kick in开始生效 unit 3

act out把……付诸行动 be on one's way to 正要成为；正要做 connect the dots 理清头绪 for fear of 以防；生怕 have no awareness of 不知道 in service 在使用中；可运用 keep perspective 适当处理；摆正位置 play out 把戏演完；让戏上演 seek out 追寻到；找到 throw balance 使某人心神不安 to that end 为了实现这个目标 unit 4 at the height of 在......的顶峰或鼎盛时期 brim with 充满 bring to mind 使想起 conjure up 使呈现于脑际；使想起 contrast with 与......形成对照；和......相对照draw attention to 吸引人注意... in great demand 需求量大的；受欢迎的 refer to 提及 unit 5 after the manner of 仿效

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3.Many products for sale seem to scream at us, "Buy me! Buy me!" Advertising is a big busin ess in our world with many products competing for our attention. Think of the last time you boug ht clothes. You probably noticed the variety of colors, patterns, fabrics and brands you could choo se from. Which kind of soft drink would you like to have today or what kind of computer do you want? Advertisers are skilled in the art of making their products look the best to appeal to our se nses. But products aren't always what they seem. Sometimes advertising is deceptive and as cons umers ,we must be careful about what we choose to buy. It is important to learn to compare prod ucts and identify our purpose in purchasing the things we need. But the good thing about advertising is that it helps people to make decisions and refine thei r choices. In the United States, the Ad Council creates timely public service messages to the nation. Th eir purpose is to raise awareness of public problems that citizens can respond to. Inspiring ads ca use individuals to take action and even save lives. Pollution in America, for example has been red uced over the years because of the creative Public Service advertisements that the council provid es" Please, please don't be a litter bug, 'cause every 'litter bit' hurts." Many families have taught t heir children to place litter in the trash can in response to this catchy phrase, which has affected g enerations as each succeeding generation has taught their children not to litter. 4.Nature imposes difficult conditions upon the earth from time to time . The tornado and fo rest fire destroy natural resources ,homes and other structures ,and very often harm or kill peopl e . Technological tragedies happen with little or no warning as we see trains crash and airplanes f all from the sky shortly after take-off. As tragic as calamities are , they seem to bring out the best in human nature . people trained in em ergency care arrive at the scene and begin assisting the inj ured .Others come with equipment to remove debris. Men , women ,and young people willingly c ome to the scene of an accident , hoping to be of help in some way . These selfless acts of kindne ss make our world a better place . compassion eases the wounds of calamities. American Airlines flight number 587 crashed less than three minutes after taking off from JF K Airport in New York in November,2001. Witnesses s aw an engine fire develop on the plane’s nu mber one engine located under the left wing of the aircraft .seconds later ,the airliner crashed int o eight homes ,completely destroying four of them .All 260 people aboard the airplane were kille d along with six people at the crash site ,leaving many people to mourn the loss of their loved on es .the residents (people who live in the area of the crash ) rallied together to comfort those griev ing, while others removed bodies from the wreckage and did the necessary clean-up. 工程实施困难的条件下在地上的时候。龙卷风和森林火灾破坏自然资源,房屋和其他建筑物,和经常伤害或杀死人。技术的悲剧发生在很少或没有预警,因为我们看到火车事故,飞机起飞后不久就从天空坠落。一样悲惨的灾难,他们似乎显示出人性中最好的。在急诊受训的人到达现场并开始帮助受伤的人则跟设备清除残骸。男人,女人,和年轻人自愿来到事故现场,希望能有帮助。这些无私的善举让我们的世界变得更美好。同情减轻灾害的伤口。 美国航空公司587号航班坠毁不到三分钟后从纽约肯尼迪机场起飞,11月2001。目击者看到一个引擎火灾发展在飞机上的1号引擎位于下飞机的左翼,接着后,客机坠毁八家,完全摧毁了四个260名乘客的飞机遇难连同6人在事故现场,造成许多人悼念失去的亲人,居民(住在崩溃的面积)聚集在一起,安慰那些悲伤,而另一些人则从残骸,并把尸体移走必要的清理。 5.Success can be reached in different ways by people in different careers. Bill Gates began at age to program computers,His vision for personal computing has been central to the success of M icrosoft Corporation, the company he founded with his childhood friend in 1975 . The former CEO of General Electric, Jack Welch, is a business legend. A famous quote by Mr. Welch is,” Chang before you have to. ”He believes in leading by example and encourages his empl oyees to do their best every day. Michael Jordan s aid,”I accept failure, but I can’t accept not trying.” He is one of the best athl etes to ever play team sports. His great smile, athletic achievements, and pleasant personality ha ve made him one of the most famous athletes in the world. Michael Jordan spent a lot of time pla ying basketball as a child but in senior middle school he was taken off the team . Instead of giving up , he worked through adversity and became the greatest basketball player yet .

全新版大学英语综合教程unit课文翻译

Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人 彼得·甘贝尔 威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and

全新版大学英语综合教程教案

Teaching Planning College English Integrated Course Book Three Unit Two The Freedom Givers Zhong wen 1.Background Information Teacher: zhong wen Students: 56 sophomores Content of the textbook: unit-2 text A the Freedom Givers Textbook: foreign language teaching and research press Time duration：10 minutes 2.Textbook Analysis The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parke r is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. 3.Students Analysis The class is made up of 56 students, with 30 girls and 26 boys ,who have a good knowledge of Basic English, but know very little about the American culture behind the language. So in this introduction part, It is necessary to introduce some background information to the students before reading 4.Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea(early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the underground Railroad) 2.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text, 3.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 4.Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentence followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices,etc.); 5.Teaching Procedures: Greetings Step 1 Lead-in T: Today we are going to talk about the ethic heroes in American history, before the class, I’d like to introduce the slavery to all of you. T: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, during his term of office; he led the civil war and abolished the slavery. T: In the battle against slavery, not only did the president try his best to abolish this system, but also the people, especially the black people living in the South America try hard to fight for their own feat. Today, we will introduce some freedom givers in the American history. Before

全新版大学英语综合教程1课后练习答案

Unit 1 Growi ng Up Part II Lan guage Focus Vocabulary I . 1. 1. respectable 2. agony 3. put??? 4. sequenee 5. hold back 6. distribute 7. off and on 8. vivid 9. associate 10.fi nally 11 . turn in 12 . tackle 2. 1. has been assigned to the newspap'rParis office. 2. was so extraordinary that I didn'tknow whether to believe him or not. 3. a clear image of how she would look in twenty years time. 4. gave the comma nd the soldiers ope ned fire. 5. buying bikes we'keep turning them out. 3. 1. reputati on, rigid, to in spire 2. and tedious, Whafsmore, out of date ideas 3. compose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold back n. 1. composed 2. severe 3. agony 4. extraordinary 5. recall 6. comma nd 7. was violating 8. anticipate 川. 1. at 2. for 3. of 4. with 5. as 6. about 7. to 8. in, in

大学英语综合教程答案

Unit 1 Living in Harmony Enhance Your Language Awareness 1. Text A amaze bunch bundle capacity commerce conquer display drop roast rob style symbol vague figure Text B appreciate participate shift slip 1)My neighbours are a friendly bunch of people. 2)Dave amazed his friends by leaving a well-paid job to travel around the world. 3)The employees in this company work an eight-hour shift . 4)The professor came to the classroom with a bundle of newspapers under his arm. 5)A passenger asked the driver: “Could you drop me off near the post office? I'd like to post a letter.” 6)The little girl's capacity for learning languages astonished me. 7)How many countries will be participating in the Olympic Games? 8)I like the typically French style of living. It is so romantic. 9)They have made their fortunes from industry and commerce . 10)They threatened to shoot him and rob him of all his possessions.