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CATTI 二级笔译历年真题以及答案2006至2017

CATTI 二级笔译历年真题以及答案2006至2017
CATTI 二级笔译历年真题以及答案2006至2017

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2411404594.html,

CATTI二级笔译历年真题以及答案

英汉翻译八大注意事项

陈炳发全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语专家委员会委员

有幸多次参与国家人事部组织、外文局实施并管理的全国翻译资格(水平)考试的阅卷、质检工作,我发现,一些考生翻译水平还是不错的,但对于翻译的基本常识缺乏了解,不知道如何规范地处理数字、人名、地名、机构名、缩略语以及其他问题,因而或多或少地影响了个人的成绩。以下是我收集整理的一些考试中常见的“雷区”,可能对考生提高考试成绩有所助益。

一、数字

关于数字用法的问题,国家主管部门已有具体规定,各翻译出版机构以及一些国际组织也有自己的专门规定。有志于从事翻译职业的人应该对这些有起码的了解。

一般的规定是,对于纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值,无论原文是否使用阿拉伯数字,译文一般用阿拉伯数字。例如:原文“654,321,000”,译文中照抄“654,321,000”即可;不能译为6亿5千4百32万1千。原文“fifty million”,可译为“5 000万”;不能译为“五十百万”,

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2411404594.html,

或“50百万”。对于万以上数字,中文一般以“万”和“亿”为单位;原文“half a billion”,可译为“5亿”。原文“five trucks”,可译为“5辆卡车”;原文“3-4 percent”,可译为“3%-4%”;原文“five percentage points”,可译为“5个百分点”。

原文用英文数字或罗马数字表示的,除纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值的情况外,译文用汉字。例如:原文“Chapter II”,可译为“第二章”,不能译为“第2章”;原文“Committee of Twenty-four”,可译为“二十四国委员会”,不能译为“24国委员会”;原文“Sixty-fourth Session”,可译为“第六十四届会议”,不能译为“第64届会议”。

在原文中,数字如作为词素构成固定的词、词组、惯用语、缩略语、具有修辞色彩的语句,以及邻近两个数字连用表示概数的情况,则译文中可使用汉字;整数一至十,如果不是出现在具有统计意义的一组数字中,可以用汉字,但要照顾到上下文,以便求得局部体例上的一致。例如:原文“quarter”,应译为“四分之一”;原文“three to four people”,则译为“三四人”;原文“Third World”,可译为“第三世界”;原文“several thousand people”,则译为“几千人”;原文“five principles”,可译为“五项原则”;原文“four or five hundred”,可译为“四五百”;原文“well over sixty”,可译为“六十好几了(年龄)”, 原文“50-odd years old”,可译为“五十出头”, 原文“a little over 30 years old”,可译为“三十挂零”等等。

对于数字的翻译还可以做出许多规定,但对于翻译(水平)考试而言,掌握以上三点就基本可以了。对于不规范的数字表述,诸如“6亿5千4百32万1千”之类,阅卷老师都是要酌情扣分的。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2411404594.html,

二、人名问题

除另有特别规定外,对于原文中的人名一般都是要求翻译的,翻译时可以借助外文词典、人名词典或其他工具。在考试中,考生应该力争将人名准确地翻译出来,尤其是一些国际上较为著名的人物,例如联合国秘书长、几个主要大国的国家元首或政府首脑,历史上有名的大科学家、大文学家等,还要注意与港澳台地区的译法有所区别。对于一些一般人不太熟悉的人名,即使翻译得不太准确,考虑到这是限时的考试,阅卷老师一般是可以通融的(各阅卷组会作统一规定),但在实际工作中,人名一定要力求准确翻译。

有的考生在译文中将外国人名直接上原文,这是不符合要求的(除非有特殊规定),阅卷老师会相应地扣分。有的考生在译文中将人名空在那里,这就更不符合翻译的基本要求了,做翻译是不能开天窗的,那就是失职了。

三、国名和机构名

国名一定要准确翻译,不能有丝毫的马虎,译错绝对要扣分。国名一般都能在字典中查到,只是要注意简称和全称的问题。“The United States of America”一定要翻译为“美利坚合众国”;如原文为“USA”,则可译为“美国”。孟加拉国的英文全称是“The People's Republic of Bangladesh”,翻译为“孟加拉人民共和国”,其简称“Bangladesh”,一定要翻译为“孟加拉国”,不能译为“孟加拉”而省略了“国”字。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2411404594.html,

机构名称也是一样,例如“UNESCO”是缩写,也就是简称,一般译为“教科文组织(联合国系统译法)”、“联合国教科文组织(教科文组织本身的译法)”,这两种都可以。有的考生将“UNESCO”这个简称翻译为全称——“联合国教育、科学及文化组织”,这是一种过度翻译,有画蛇添足之嫌,在国际组织文件翻译中是绝对不允许的,因此在考试中也要扣分。

四、地名

除另有特别规定外,对于原文中的地名一般都是要求翻译的,翻译时可以借助外文词典、地名词典或其他工具。在考试中,考生应该力争将地名按照通用的习惯说法准确地翻译出来,尤其是一些著名的大城市,几个主要大国的州(省)一级名称。翻译(水平)职称考试允许带字典,因此,只要查一下字典,这些问题就可以迎刃而解。无论考生的翻译水平有多高,译文中如将“Geneva(日内瓦)”翻译为“几内瓦”,将“Bern(伯尔尼)”翻译为“波恩”,也会直接导致扣分。有些小地名字典上查不到,当然可以自译,这时如果在地名译文首次出现时将原文加括号附在词后,不失为一种聪明的处理方法。考虑到这是限时的考试,阅卷时,各阅卷组也会对这些小地名的扣分作统一规定,但在实际工作中,地名一定要力求准确翻译。

五、货币符号

在实务考试中经常会出现货币符号的缩写,这些货币符号一般也需要翻译出来。例如“£”(英镑)、“$”(美元)等等,考生对这些符号要有基本的了解。原文中明明说的是5000

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2411404594.html,

万英镑,你翻译为5000万欧元,实际价值错得离谱,你说阅卷老师能不扣分吗?

六、倍数问题

在阅卷或做质检时,我发现很多人对于倍数问题不敏感。考生不知道,对这些倍数问题是否处理得当,恰恰是阅卷老师十分关注的要点。

倍数增加问题。原文“increased 3 times/folds”,“increased by 3 times”,“increase to 3 times”以及“increase by a factor of 3”,均应译为“增加到3倍”,或者“增加2倍”,而不应译为“增加3倍”。原文“A is 3 times as great(long,much,…)as B”,“A is 3 times greater (longer,more,…)than B”,“A is 3 times the size (length,amount,…)of B”,均应译为;“A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的3倍”,或者“A比B大(长,多,……)2倍”,而不应译为“A 比B大(长,多,……)3倍”。

倍数减少问题。原文“decrease 3 times/folds ”;“decrease by 3 times”;“decrease by a factor of 3”均应译为“减少到1/3”,或者“减少2/3”。原文“A is 3 times as small (light,slow,…)as B”,“ A is 3 times smaller (lighter,slower,…) than B”,均应译为“A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/3”,或者“A比B小(轻,慢,……)2/3”,而不应译为“A比B小(轻,慢,……)3倍”。需要注意的是,增加用倍数表示,减少用分数表示。

汉语在倍数的表达上经常使用“翻番”,例如“double”(翻一番);“quadruple”(翻两番);但是

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2411404594.html, “triple”不应译为“翻三番”,而应译为“增至三倍”,或者“增加两倍”。有很多考生在倍数的理解上出现问题,导致扣分,显然对于英语的数字表达方法不够熟悉。

七、字迹要清晰

翻译(水平)考试的实务部分需要考生在试卷上笔答,有的考生字迹潦草,胡涂乱抹,令人难以辨认,甚至间接影响了成绩。其实,这既增加了阅卷老师的工作难度,也是对自己不负责任。试卷不仅反映了考生的翻译水平,其实也能反映出考生的工作态度。作为合格的翻译首先要求严谨,一丝不苟,潦草难认的字迹容易造成笔误和误读,在实际操作时也会造成延误或误解,甚至造成无可挽回的损失。因此,不要以为书写不重要,这也是翻译的基本功之一,必须严肃对待、刻苦训练。能看到一份没有涂抹,字迹端正、表述清晰的试卷,阅卷老师的心情会是无比舒畅的。

八、错别字

错别字是考试中经常发现的问题。无论是二级笔译还是三级笔译,译文中出现错别字都是要扣分的。其实,一名合格的翻译,不仅外语水平要高,具有熟练运用外语的能力,母语水平尤其要高,这样在做翻译时才能做到得心应手,出神入化。因此,考生除了注重提高外语水平,更应当打好母语的基础,练好基本功,以期在考试时不致因错别字而丢分。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2411404594.html,

人事部组织、外文局实施并管理的全国翻译资格(水平)考试是一种选拔性考试,有一定的难度,通过比例并不太高。我希望准备参加翻译资格(水平)考试的考生在备考时能够重视上面所说的这些问题,也希望高校翻译教学和各级培训工作者对此予以关注。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2411404594.html,

2006年5月翻译资格考试二级笔译真题

第一部分

英译汉必译题

For all the natural and man-made disasters of the past year, travelers seem more determined than ever to leave home.

Never mind the tsunami devastation in Asia last December, the recent earthquake in Kashmir or the suicide bombings this year in London and Bali, among other places on or off the tourist trail. The number of leisure travelers visiting tourist destinations hit by trouble has in some cases bounced back to a level higher than before disaster struck.

"This new fast recovery of tourism we are observing is kind of strange," said John Koldowski, director for the Strategic Intelligence Center of the Bangkok-based Pacific Asia Travel Association. "It makes you think about the adage that any publicity is good publicity."

It is still too soon to compile year-on-year statistics for the disasters of the past 12 months, but travel industry experts say that the broad trends are already clear. Leisure travel is expected to increase by nearly 5 percent this year, according to the World Tourism and Travel Council.

catti二级笔译2008年5月汉译英真题

汉译英: 试题一:必作题(汉译英)(20分) 从19世纪80年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争,到庚子之乱乃至20世纪30年代的日本侵华战争,中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺;再加上封建腐败和连年内乱,中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理,坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路的信念。 1949年新中国成立后,我们在发展道路上艰辛探索,既经历过成功的喜悦,也经受过失败的挫折。从1978年开始,中国开启了新的征程,从计划转向市场,从封闭转向开放,从自成一体转向融入经济全球化,走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路,取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明,坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的,既符合中国国情,又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和平发展的道路,坚定不移地走下去。 试题二:选作题(泽译英)(20分) 1968年我从北京来到陕西,惟一挂念的是在故乡身患绝症的老母亲。母亲的时日已经不多,身边再无亲人,离别成为我心中最沉重的痛。 惟一能传递母亲信息的就是那枚小小的邮票。母亲当时已经双目失明,信是让别人代写的,内容千篇一律的干枯,邮票却是母亲自己摸索着贴上去的,她贴了一叠信封,随用随取,为的是不给别人添麻烦。 每回接到母亲来信,我都要抚摸贴在信封右上角的邮票,那是母亲亲手贴上去的,它贴得规正却无画面感,很多时候是头朝下的,因为母亲根本看不见,她是凭感觉在贴。 邮票残留着母亲的手印,承载着母亲的挂念,那上面有母亲的气息。凝视中,我常常泪眼模糊…… 来自母亲的邮票一张一张地攒着,它们是母亲的替代。我对邮票的认识源自于此。

2019年CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题及参考答案

2019年CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题及参考答案 【第一篇】 So where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. In our modern context, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today: increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion. First, enabling capital to flow more freely. Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. Right now, foreign direct investment —FDI — is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely. Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs. Challenges that come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability. We also need increased financial inclusion. A few numbers: close to half of the adult population in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution. And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand — an emerging market economy — the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent. How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011. There is no silver bullet, but we know that fintech can play a catalyzing role. In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own. These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other. That is one of the major reasons why last October, the IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda. The agenda lays out key principles — from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity — that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion. 【第一篇参考答案】

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Section 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (60 points) This section consists of 3 parts. Read the direction for each part before answering the questions. Part 1 V ocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C, and D respectively. Choose the word which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 1. From a young age, children begin a continuous process of evaluating themselves in the _____ of the opinions and comments of those around them. a. contrast b. return c. light d. spite 2. If you’re forced outside for hours ____ end, especially doing something physical, consider dumping water over your head or on your neck. a. at b. to c. in d. on 3. One reason for the cost of wave power is the need to make the equipment _____ to storm damage and corrosion. a. impassable b. impertinent c. imperious d. impervious 4. The study found that one in four people has missed an important appointment, and that nearly one in five has fallen ____ with a friend

2019年catti笔译二级试题:宜家

英格瓦·坎普拉德可不是一般的亿万富翁。这位宜家家具帝国的创始人乘坐经济舱旅行,开着一辆有十年历史的沃尔沃汽车,总是下午去买水果和蔬菜,因为这时价格往往便宜些。如果有人问他生活中有什么奢侈的消费时,他的回答是:我偶尔喜欢买一件高档衬衫或一条围巾,吃点瑞典鱼子酱。? 坎普拉德先生是战后欧洲最杰出企业家之一。宜家创建于1943,当时仅仅从事邮购业务,现如今已经发展成为在全球31个国家经营,员工总数超过7万的国际化零售业巨头。 宜家的销售额逐年上涨。宜家的产品目录是全世界印数最多的印刷品,每年达到不可思议的1.1亿册。坎普拉德先生也变得异常富有。根据美国《福布斯》杂志,他的身价达到134亿美元(87亿英镑),位列全球第17位。 宜家之所以取得了令人惊异的成功,首先是因为它那简单得令人难以置信的经营理念:向老百姓提供设计精美而又买得起的家具。其次就是坎普拉德本人,有魅力、谦逊、随和。他的思想和价值观绝对是宜家哲学的核心。 坎普拉德先生因生活极其节俭而闻名遐迩。他清洗用过的塑料杯以便再次利用。前不久,他决定不再让那位已经为他理发多年的瑞典理发师继续为他提供服务,原因是在现居地瑞士他找到一位理发师,每次只收14瑞士法郎(6英镑)。?这数字合理,?他笑着说。 宜家所有的高管都十分了解成本意识的重要性。公司不鼓励他们乘坐头等舱或商务舱旅行。?最好的领导方式是以身作则?,坎普拉德先生说过,?让我坐头等舱,而让我的同事们坐旅游舱,是我绝对不能接受的。?

他巡视宜家集团的店铺时,他总是要和员工们握手或拥抱,以此向员工传递一种?伙伴?的感觉,这种做法在瑞典绝不多见。?叫我英格瓦,?他对员工说。他不喜欢打领带,而是喜欢敞开衬衫的领口,这样的衣着方式也突显了他的不拘礼节和没有等级观念。 在个人生活方面和事业方面坎普拉德先生都经历过艰苦的奋斗过程。他一直与读写困难症和其他疾病抗争。 他性格中很突出的一点就是对细节的偏执性关注。巡视他的商店时,他不仅和经理们交谈,还要和最基层的员工以及顾客们交谈。在最近一次视察宜家的六家瑞典门店时,他说,?发现了100个需要讨论的细节性问题。? 在他自己看来,他最大的优点就是选择正确的人员来管理他的企业。 他下定决心不让宜家集团上市,因为股东的短期要求和企业长期的规划会有冲突。?我讨厌急功近利的决策。如果你想实施长效的决策,上市后就很难了。进入俄罗斯市场时,我们就曾不得不决定要亏损十年。? 自1986年从集团总裁位置上退下来以后,坎普拉德先生就慢慢地从业务中淡出。尽管他承认自己非常不愿意完全退出,但他仍然坚持说自己是?参与过多,过问的细节太多。?问题是:假如没有坎普拉德先生,宜家能否恒久存在?宜家是否太过于依赖其创始人?宜家控制权渐渐从坎普拉德先生转移到他的三个儿子手中以后,宜家帝国能否继续辉煌? 【参考译文】

CATTI 二级笔译历年真题以及答案2006至2017

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2411404594.html, CATTI二级笔译历年真题以及答案 英汉翻译八大注意事项 陈炳发全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语专家委员会委员 有幸多次参与国家人事部组织、外文局实施并管理的全国翻译资格(水平)考试的阅卷、质检工作,我发现,一些考生翻译水平还是不错的,但对于翻译的基本常识缺乏了解,不知道如何规范地处理数字、人名、地名、机构名、缩略语以及其他问题,因而或多或少地影响了个人的成绩。以下是我收集整理的一些考试中常见的“雷区”,可能对考生提高考试成绩有所助益。 一、数字 关于数字用法的问题,国家主管部门已有具体规定,各翻译出版机构以及一些国际组织也有自己的专门规定。有志于从事翻译职业的人应该对这些有起码的了解。 一般的规定是,对于纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值,无论原文是否使用阿拉伯数字,译文一般用阿拉伯数字。例如:原文“654,321,000”,译文中照抄“654,321,000”即可;不能译为6亿5千4百32万1千。原文“fifty million”,可译为“5 000万”;不能译为“五十百万”,

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2411404594.html, 或“50百万”。对于万以上数字,中文一般以“万”和“亿”为单位;原文“half a billion”,可译为“5亿”。原文“five trucks”,可译为“5辆卡车”;原文“3-4 percent”,可译为“3%-4%”;原文“five percentage points”,可译为“5个百分点”。 原文用英文数字或罗马数字表示的,除纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值的情况外,译文用汉字。例如:原文“Chapter II”,可译为“第二章”,不能译为“第2章”;原文“Committee of Twenty-four”,可译为“二十四国委员会”,不能译为“24国委员会”;原文“Sixty-fourth Session”,可译为“第六十四届会议”,不能译为“第64届会议”。 在原文中,数字如作为词素构成固定的词、词组、惯用语、缩略语、具有修辞色彩的语句,以及邻近两个数字连用表示概数的情况,则译文中可使用汉字;整数一至十,如果不是出现在具有统计意义的一组数字中,可以用汉字,但要照顾到上下文,以便求得局部体例上的一致。例如:原文“quarter”,应译为“四分之一”;原文“three to four people”,则译为“三四人”;原文“Third World”,可译为“第三世界”;原文“several thousand people”,则译为“几千人”;原文“five principles”,可译为“五项原则”;原文“four or five hundred”,可译为“四五百”;原文“well over sixty”,可译为“六十好几了(年龄)”, 原文“50-odd years old”,可译为“五十出头”, 原文“a little over 30 years old”,可译为“三十挂零”等等。 对于数字的翻译还可以做出许多规定,但对于翻译(水平)考试而言,掌握以上三点就基本可以了。对于不规范的数字表述,诸如“6亿5千4百32万1千”之类,阅卷老师都是要酌情扣分的。

CATTI翻译资格考试二级笔译综合能力及实务真题详解

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2018年下半年CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题

2018年下半年CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题 (总分:100.00,做题时间:180分钟) 一、英译汉(总题数:2,分数:50.00) 1. Passage 1 New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii's Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days.Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes.Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black.After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 3,00 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their homes in the Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava.In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents -- a little more than half of the evacuees -- were allowed to return briefly, and Magno said they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely. "Things got pretty active," an official said at a Saturday press conference." The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I'm not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continue to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the vents have gone quiet now." But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn't be for long." More volcanoes could open up, the existing ones could get active again. There's a lot of lava or magma under the ground so eventually it's going to come up."The island was also rocked by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake on Friday, which caused landslides near the coast, but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes -- 13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0 -- in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake.The concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from vents, though. "This is lava, that is definitely destroying people's homes -- we don't have an exact count -- but it is a devastating situation and it's going to be everyday that it goes on," Hawaii County Managing Director Wil Okabe said Saturday. "Mother nature, there's no way we could've predicted this." (分数:25.00) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:( 近日,无人机新拍摄到的画面展现了夏威夷大岛(Hawaii's Big Island)在火山喷发后的破坏景象:岩浆顺着道路缓慢流淌,穿过树林,朝着村舍进发,产生的烟雾翻滚升腾。熊熊烈火闪耀着光芒,照亮四周的黑色区域。经过一天的相对平静期,基拉韦厄火山(Kilauea)于周日再次全力爆发,喷射出的岩浆高达300英尺,半英里土地被侵蚀,总共摧毁了35栋房屋。在地裂和岩浆喷发地区,1800名居民撤离他们居住的社区。而在二氧化硫水平相对较低的地方,居民则被允许在周日和周一抽几个小时回家拿出自己所需的物品。政府官员表示,在确保安全的情况下,大部分被疏散的居民可以暂时回家,后期他们还会允许更多的居民回家。

2016年5月CATTI二级笔译实务真题

2016年5月CATTI二级笔译实务真题 △英译汉 【第一篇】 Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife,invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22,saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya:waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed. It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative,documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.” Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey —Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days —and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work. He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees sharean evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania). In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe. Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools —extracting insects from atermite mound with leaves of grass —drastically and forever altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools. After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist. 【第二篇】

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