词类转换翻译法参考资料
词类转换翻译法
在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。
一、名词的转译
1.英语名词转译成动词
由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。
【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.
×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。
【译文】回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。
【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.
×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。
【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。
【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.
×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。
【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing.
【译文】据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。
【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him.
×他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。
【译文】他善于听取别人意见，所以他们喜欢同他谈心。
1)由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。
·The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.
政府号召建立更多的技术学校。
·Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had founded on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal.
到一九七二年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。
·Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
火箭已经被用来探索宇宙。
2) 含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。
·Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.
越南战争不断消耗着美国的资源。
·A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument
and the Lincoln Memorial.
从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。
·Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood.
英国没有这种天然的保护物来阻挡好莱坞影片的长驱直入。
3)英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher教师，thinker思想家等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。
·He is a good eater and a good sleeper.他吃得饱睡得香。
·I am af raid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
我担心自己不能教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
·Some of my classmates are good singers.我同班同学中有些人歌唱得很好。
·Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doing.
在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。
4) 作为习语主体的名词往往可以译成动词。
·Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.
每天早晨，她都要到湖区去散步。
·They took a final look at it, still intact in the darkness.
他们最后看了它一眼——它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。
·The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.
下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行。
·A great cloud rose from the ground and followed the trail of the great sun. At first it was a giant column, which soon took the shape of a supramundane mushroom. For a feeling instant it took the form of the Statue of Liberty magnified many times.
一朵庞大的烟云随着一轮巨日从地面升起。它起初是个巨大的圆柱，很快形成了凌云驾空的大蘑菇，一瞬间又变成了一座扩大了许多倍的自由女神像。
课堂练习
1.New York City was a bitter disillusionment to some immigrants.
纽约使一些移民的幻想痛苦地破灭。
2.The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues.
财富逐渐集中在少数人手中，引发了许多社会问题和政治问题。
3.The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.
过去的二十年中，美国的航空工业迅速发展。
4.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
N-V
He is a good singer.他唱歌唱得好。
In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.在中国，人们非常注重讲礼貌。
A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.
仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。
I admire your decision to fight for the difficulties in preparing the examination.
你决定战胜复习考试中的困难，这一点我很羡慕。
Exercise
我们特别强调搞好售后服务(n)。
We lay special stress on the importance of offering good follow-up service.
真题
In terms of nations, it will be a world of much greater economic equality.（2001.9）
就（每个）国家而言，世界各国经济将越发不相上下。
If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. （2000.9）
如果一个人在少年时期就学一门新的语言，那么（将来）很可能说得很流利。但如果成年还没有学语言，母语的一些习惯特征就会根深蒂固。
2.名词转译成形容词
由形容词派生的名词，以及有些加不定冠词时，译成形容词。
·Given that they’re inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.
鉴于他们没有经验，干成这样真不错。
·This experiment was a success. 这个实验很成功。
【例7】Diligence and intelligence are of considerable importance to your success.
【译文】勤奋和才智对于获得成功是颇为重要的。
【例8】I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is out of the question.
【译文】我有很多工作要做，今年休假是不可能的了。
【例9】It's such a nuisance that I've got to work on Saturday.
【译文】我星期六还得上班，真讨厌。
【例10】As he was a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.
【译文】他对这座城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。
【例11】There's no point arguing about it -- just do as you're told.
【译文】争论是没有意义的，叫你怎么做你就怎么做。
3.名词转译成副词
·I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.
我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。
二、动词的转译
1.英语动词转译成名词
英语中有很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转换的动词，在翻译成汉语的时候，往往不易找到对应的动词，这时候可以将其转换成名词。
·Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。
·To them, he personified the absolute power.
在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。
名词派生的动词
【例12】In Greek mythology, love is personified by the goddess Aphrodite.
【译文】在希腊神话中，阿佛洛狄特女神是爱的化身。
【例13】Bright colours and bold strokes characterize his early paintings.
【译文】他早期绘画的特点是色彩鲜明，笔法粗犷。
【例14】They are already planning to staff the management in the event the joint venture is formed.
他们已经在打算合资企业一旦建成后经理部门的人事安排。
2.英语动词转译成副词
·He said, if this was the case, he would be tempted to try.
他说，如果情况是这样，他颇有跃跃欲试之意。
课堂练习
1.Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear. 这些材料的
特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。
2.The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high
productivity.设计的目的在于自动操作，调节方便，维护简易，生产率高。
3.The world will be a dull place indeed when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike.
如果不同国家的人们行为举止完全一样，那么世界将成为一个实在无趣的地方。
4.Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration.人口的增长
是自然增长和不断移民的结果。
5.The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations.
美国经济的组织方式是个人所有制，合伙制，和公司制。
三、形容词的转译
1.形容词转译成动词
英语形容词不少可以转译成动词。这种形容词大体包括两类：一类主要是由动词派生或转换而来，大多能引申出动词意义；另一类多用于表示各种心理状态，而这些心理状态在汉语中一般用动词表达。
Shortly after Jimmy Carter’s election as President, his advisers were reported as recommending lower taxes and higher government spending.
据说在吉米·卡特当选总统后不久，他的顾问们就建议应当降低税收，扩大政府开支。
·It was a very informative meeting.会上透露了许多信息。
【例15】He must have been aware that his parents' marriage was breaking up.
【译文】他一定已经知道父母的婚姻关系正在破裂。
【例16】Our computerized stock control system is now operative.
【译文】本公司的库存管理计算机系统现已运行。
【例17】His indulgent mother was willing to let him do anything he wanted.
【译文】他母亲很宠他，他不管想干什么她都愿意让他干。
2.形容词转译成名词
英语中一些名词化的形容词与冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，这类形容词翻译时往往转换成汉语名词；另外还有一些由名词派生、与名词同根或可以引申出名词意义的形容词，英译汉时都可以转换成名词。
The new treaty would be good for ten years.新条约的有效期为10年。
Official Moscow is going to object the proposal.莫斯科官方准备反对此项建议。
3.形容词转译成副词
At that time Copernicus was in the clear minority.那时，哥白尼显然属于少数派。
【例18】He felt responsible for her death. 他觉得她的死他有责任。
【例19】Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship.
【译文】缺乏信任对人际关系的危害很大。
四其它词类的转译
1 介词、副词转译成动词：
【例20】With a rifle across his shoulder the boy was playing the soldier.
【译文】那男孩肩上扛着枪在装士兵。
【例21】They worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.
【译文】他们吃的是简陋的饭菜，住的是寒冷的窑洞，在昏暗的灯光下长时间地工作。
【例22】The street runs westward, across a great bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops
against a wide green lawn.
【译文】这条大街向西而去，跨过一座大桥，延伸下坡后又上坡，经过了几家店铺和肉市，又越过了几幢平房，最后在一片开阔的绿草坪前突然到了尽头。Training as a salesperson would guarantee her some employment once her schooling was through.。参加推销员培训就会确保他在学业完成以后能找到工作做。
TRANSLATION APPRECIATION
1. Respect a man, he will do the more.敬人者，人恒敬之。
2. Set one’s nerves on edge.心烦意乱。
3. Bad workmen often blame their tools.拙匠常怪工具差。
4. Show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.班门弄斧。
5. Small gains bring great wealth.积小利，成巨富。
6. Many men, many minds.十个人，十条心。
7. Sow virtue, and the harvest will be virtue; sow vice, and the harvest will be vice.
善有善报，恶有恶报。
8. Speech is silver, silence is gold.能言是银，沉默是金。
9. Step by step the ladder is ascended.登梯需要逐级登。
10. Stuff oneself w ith food the whole day, without applying one’s mind to anything good.
饱食终日，无所用心。
11. Success belongs to the persevering.胜利属于坚韧不拔的人。
12. Take French leave.不辞而别。
13. The die is cast.骰子出手——大局已定。/ 木已成舟。
14. The dog that fetches will carry.对你说别人坏话的人也会对别人说你的坏话。
15. The dogs bark, but the caravan goes on.说者自说，做者自做；我行我素，人言何干？Exercises:
l. With the passage of time, my admiration for him grew more and more.
2. There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.
3. I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug, and cried like a child.
4. The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing.
5. The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering ring around the two men.
1．随着时间的流失，我对他越来越敬慕。
2．目前我国各地对各种消费品的需要量已大大增加。
3．我非常难过，一头扎进被单和毯子里，像孩子一样哭了起来。
4．小偷颤抖着交代了自己干的坏事。
5．水手们兴高采烈，蜂拥而至，把这两个人围了起米。
adj/adv/pre-V
I am anxious about his health. 我担心他的身体健康。
After careful investigation they found the design behind. 经过仔细研究之后，他们发现这个设计落后了。
他到商店去买酱油。He went to the shop for a bottle of sauce.
I’m all for your opinion.我完全赞成你的意见。
真题
When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. （2000.3）如果领导层让员工信息闭塞（蒙在鼓里），员工就会对领导不信任。
In this way, they may devote their time to the study of policy alternatives free from the teaching and departmental duties (that are part of the daily routine for most members of the academic community).2002.3
正因为如此/ 通过这种方式，这些专家就可以从大多数学术人士习以为常的日常教学和科系公务中脱离出来，全身心地投入到政策的研究中去。
We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information. （2000，3）
我们必须告别这些愚蠢、缺乏远见的做法，并致力于建立一个公开的沟通系统，确保信息客观公正。
adv-n：It is officially announced that China has successfully launched her fist manned spaceship. 官方宣布，中国已经成功的发射了载人宇宙飞船。
He is physically weak but mentally sound.他身体虽弱，但思想健康。
真题：中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望各国人民友好相处。
The Chinese people are always looking forward to the global peace and friendship among all nations.
We already routinely screen people. (2002,9)对人们进行检查，在我们这里早就是家常便饭。adv/n-adj：Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them.
他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。
他的画的特点是笔力沉着，颜色鲜明(adj)。
His paintings are characterized by steady strokes and bright colors.
Her beauty is beyond description.她漂亮得无法形容。
Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together. （2000，9）亚洲国家的经济总量，将超过其他国家地区（经济规模）的总和。Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich. （2001，9）这些国家虽然呈现出欣欣向荣的态势，但是其中还有许多极端贫穷的弱势人群，还有少量富有人群。
词性转换( pro-v) ：I flew straight ahead, across the harbor and over the sea.
我笔直地向前告诉飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。
For many years, stainless steel had been used for small things only.
多年来，不锈钢仅仅被用来制造小物件。
转译成动词：
For Westerners in China, the establishment of an effective team of managers means attracting -- and retaining both expatriate and local management talent. 对于在中国的西方人来说，建立一支有效的管理人员队伍意味着要同时吸引并留住来自海外的管理人才和本地的管理人才。（四）其它词性转译：The dominant factor in the growth of the company in question throughout the years has been its success in maintaining technical superiority in product design and manufacturing techniques. 该公司多年来发展壮大的主要因素是一贯成功地保持了产品设计和制造工艺上的技术优势。
This time-lag is difficult to explain, but there are three possible reasons.
这种时滞现象很难解释，但可能有三个原因。
People would benefit greatly from a pollution-free vehicle.
无污染车辆会给人们带来很大的好处。
以下无正文
仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。
For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use.
仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。
Nur für den pers?nlichen für Studien, Forschung, zu kommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden.
Pour l 'étude et la recherche uniquement à des fins personnelles; pas à des fins commerciales.
仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。
толькодля людей, которые используются для обучения, исследований и не должны использоваться в коммерческих целях.
汉英翻译中的词类转换
英语知识 在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换,例如：汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词、介词；汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词；汉语名词转换成英语动词等等。其中，汉语动词转换成英语抽象名词尤为普遍。高校常用的翻译教材，如张培基、吕瑞昌、冯庆华等编撰的翻译教材均将这种转换列在第一位。请看以下各例： 例1．中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。 如不注意词性转换，译文可能是： The Chinese government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. 这种译文显得有些口语化，不够庄重。不如改用抽象名词non-use: The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. 例2．禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。 译文一：To prohibit any act of treason, acts to split the country, incite rebellion and steal secrets. 译文二：To prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition and theft of state secrets. 以上译文一使用split , incite, steal 等动词虽然语义正确，但似乎不够庄重。译文二使用抽象名词，因而显得文字严谨，适合正式法律条文的风格。 例3．技术引进合同应当订明下列事项：引进技术的保密义务，改进技术的归属和分享。 译文一：Provisions on the obligation to keep confidential the
词类转换翻译法练习
词类转换翻译法练习 转译成动词 1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 2. In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness. 3. A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation. 4. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 5. He is a good singer. 6. Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials. 7. You must be tired. Why don’t you take a rest? 8. I am anxious about his health. 9. Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 10. Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible. 11. She opened the window to let fresh air in. 12. After careful investigation they found the design behind. 转译成名词 13. This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind. 14. To them, he personified the absolute power. 15. Our age is witnessing a profound political change. 16. Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth’s atmosphere after completing their missions. 17. He was treated very shabbily by the press during this period. 18. I was encouraged by our president. 19. They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 20. Both compounds are acids, the former is strong and the latter is weak. 21. He was eloquent and elegant—but soft. 22. His whole family were religious. 转译成形容词 23. This issue is of vital importance. 24. The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 25. Our performance was a success. 26. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 其它词类转译 形容词与副词的互相转译 27. We must make full use of existing technical equipment.
词类转换(英语翻译技巧).
词类转换 英汉两种语言属于不同的语系,英语属于印欧语系,汉语属于汉藏语系。不同语系的语言,无论在词汇方面或在语法方面都有很大的差别。在科技英语翻译实践中,在很多情况下需要进行词类转换。所谓词类转换,是指把原文语言中的某一词类转移成汉语的另一词类而言。掌握翻译中的词类转换译法,就可使我们敢于脱离原文词类的限制,跳出原文词类的框框,用汉语的适当词类予以表达。 一,转换成汉语动词。 英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得比较多,这是一个特点,在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词,在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。在英语中不少词类在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。 1,名词转换成动词 英语中大量具有动作意义的名词和动词派生出来的名词往往可以译成动词。 With a click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. 只要一点鼠标,来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。 China’s first atomic blast in october 1964 was a great shock to the world. 1964年10月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹,全球为之震惊。 Can artificial fibers be used as substitutes for natural fibers? 人造纤维能代替天然纤维吗? We must place stress on the prevention of disease.
第六单元 词类转换翻译法 作业
第六单元词类转换翻译法作业 1. I had the impression that your brother was the director of the company. 2. He was a regular visitor. 3. A successful scientist must be a good observer. 4. Telecommunication means so much in modern life that without it our life would be impossible. 5. He is full in vigor, but fails in carefulness. 6. Party officials worked hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 7. When the switch is off . the circuit is open and electricity doesn’t go through .
参考答案 1. 在我的印象中, 你哥哥是那家公司的董事长。 2. 他以前经常来。 3. 一个成功的科学家一定善于观察。 4. 电信在现代生活中的意义十分重大, 没有它就不可能有我们现在的生活。 5. 他劲头十足, 但不够仔细。 6. 党的干部吃简陋的饮食, 住寒冷的窑洞, 靠微弱的灯光, 长时间地工作。 7. 当开关断开时, 电路就形成开路, 电流不能通过。 课后练习
1. The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。（名词转为动词） 2. In those years the Republicans were in. 那些年是共和党执政。（形容词转为动词） 3. Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk. 每天早上，她都要到湖区去散步。（名词转为动词） 4. The music is a gas. 这音乐妙极了.〔名词转为形容词） 5. The delegates at the conference unanimously expressed their determination to oppose hegemonism on the part of the two superpowers. 会上，代表们一致表示坚决地反对两个超级大国的霸权主义。（名词转为副词) 6. My suggestion is that he should quit somking at once. 我建议他立刻戒烟.（由于原文中的主语转译成了谓语，原文主语前的定语也相应地转译成主语.） 7. A week after his prelude to the President's visit, China was in。 在他为总统出访所作的序幕之行后一周，中国成了最时新的话题。（形容词转为名词〕 8. Official Moscow is going to object the proposal. 莫斯科官方准备反对此项提议．（形容词转为名词） 9．Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙特那时已受挫折（形容词转为动词） 10. We have known a simila r past of humiliation and exploitation. 在过去。我们都同样遭受到凌辱和剥削。（形容词转为副词） 11. Our age is witnessing a profound political change. 我们的时代是深刻的政治变化的见证。（动词转为名词) 12. Xu Beihong’s drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。（名词转为动词） 13. I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 我非常感谢父亲，因为在我小时侯他总是不断地鼓励我。 14. Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 千百万山区人终于摆脱了贫穷(介词转为动词) 15. He came to my home for help 他来到我家,请求帮忙(介词转为动词) 16. At noon, she came home for lunch. 中午,她回家吃午饭。（介词转为动词） 17. The people are with him. 人民拥护他. (系动词be+介词转为行为动词) 18. The woman, with her two daughters, arrived. 这妇女带着她的两个女儿到了。（系动词be＋介词转为行为动词） 19. He was away before dawn. 他在黎明前出发的〔系动词be＋副词转为行为动词〕 20. Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 它们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。（副词转为形容词）
词法翻译1——词性转换的运用
词法翻译1——词性转换的运用 1.事实胜于雄辩。 Facts speak louder than words. 2.眼见为实。 Seeing is believing. 3.不要怕犯错误。 Don't be afraid of making mistakes. 4.在中国，人们非常注重讲礼貌。 In China,people emphasize politeness much. 5.赞成还是反对我们的建议，请大家畅所欲言，表明立场。 Please everyone speaks up freely on whether you agree on our suggestion or not and states your stand. 6.独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。 Indendent thinking is absolutely needed for learning. 7.决不允许违反这个原则。 It is definitely not allowed to be contrary to this principle. 8.人口一直在不断增长。 The population increase continually all the time. 9.你赞成还是反对这项计划？ Do you agree on this plan or not? 10.官方宣布，中国已经成功的实现了载人航天。 Declaring by the official,China has already accomplished the project of manned space flight. 11.就业形势不可避免地受金融危机的影响。 The situation of employment is unavoidably impacted by the financial crisis. 12.科学家对政治并不陌生。 Scientists are not unfamiliar with politics. 13.亚洲仍然是世界上最具经济活力的地区。 Economically,Asia is still the most dynamic region in the world 14.大幅削减税收有利于增加投资。 Slash tax in favor of investment promotion. 15.要想保护自然界，就要从根本上改变目前的生活方式。 Intending to protect the nature,changing the way of living fundamentally is needed.
词类转化练习题
Conversion词类转译练习 1. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 2. If the newspapers want to have a large circulation number, they must be informative, instructive and entertaining. 3. Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation. 4. We are deeply convinced of the correctness of the reform and opening up policy and firmly determined to pursue it. 5. In those years the Republicans are in. 6. Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 7. Our age is witnessing a profound political change. 8. Little by little they went along the entire coast of the Arctic Ocean, making careful observation on the way. 9. Please let us know if our terms are acceptable. 10. The new contract would be good for 5 years. 11. The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones. 12. We guarantee prompt delivery of goods. 13. He noticed a very close agreement between the two countries on the Taiwan issue. 14. These problems defy easy classification. 15. He personified the evil that was in the world. 16. On this question people of different age groups think differently. 17. He was motivated by a desire to reach a compromise.
词类转换翻译法
词类转换翻译法 在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。 一、名词的转译 1.英语名词转译成动词 由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。 【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life. ×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。 【译文】回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。 【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people. ×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。 【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。 【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws. ×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。 【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing. 【译文】据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。 【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him. ×他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。 【译文】他善于听取别人意见，所以他们喜欢同他谈心。 1)由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。 ·The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。 ·Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had founded on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal. 到一九七二年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。 ·Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经被用来探索宇宙。 2) 含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。 ·Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources. 越南战争不断消耗着美国的资源。 ·A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument
常见的英语翻译中的词类转换
英语翻译词类转换：转译成名词（1） （一）形容词与副词的互相转译 1．英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。如： 1）Occasionally a drizzle came down，and the intermittent flashes of lightening made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero． 偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。 2）It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese－American dialogue． 这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。 2．英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。如： 1）He routinely radioed another agent on the ground． 他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。 2）The President had prepared meticulously for his journey． 总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。 3．由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同，还有一些英语形容词可译为汉语副词。如： 1）This is sheer nonsense．（这完全是胡说。） 2）Buckley was in a clear minority．（巴克利显然属于少数。） 3）By dialing the right number，you may be able to select a play，golf lesson or lecture in physics，from a pretaped library in a remote city，for showing on your home screen．只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。 （二）名词与副词的互相转译 1．名词转译成副词 1）When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist，his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor． 只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。 2）The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor． 新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。 2．副词转译成名词
词类转换(英语翻译技巧)
词类转换 英汉两种语言属于不同的语系，英语属于印欧语系，汉语属于汉藏语系。不同语系的语言，无论在词汇方面或在语法方面都有很大的差别。在科技英语翻译实践中，在很多情况下需要进行词类转换。所谓词类转换，是指把原文语言中的某一词类转移成汉语的另一词类而言。掌握翻译中的词类转换译法，就可使我们敢于脱离原文词类的限制，跳出原文词类的框框，用汉语的适当词类予以表达。 一，转换成汉语动词。 英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点，在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。在英语中不少词类在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。 1，名词转换成动词 英语中大量具有动作意义的名词和动词派生出来的名词往往可以译成动词。 With a click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. 只要一点鼠标，来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。 China’s first atomic blast in october 1964 was a great shock to the world. 1964年10月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，全球为之震惊。 Can artificial fibers be used as substitutes for natural fibers？ 人造纤维能代替天然纤维吗？ We must place stress on the prevention of disease. 我们应以预防疾病为主。 This situation requires the formation of a new strategic frame. 这种形势要求制定新的战略框架。 The UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflicts on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab ackowledgement of Israel’s right to exist. 联合国文件要求，以色列撤出所占土地，阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利，在此基础上，解决中东冲突。 2，形容词转换为动词， 英语中某些表示状态，知觉。情感，态度，感受，感觉，信念等意义，在句中作表语的形容词以及同介词搭配构成句子表语或定语的形容词，通常可译成汉语中的动词。 The amount of work is dependent on the applied force and the distance the body is moved. 功的大小取决于所施加的力与物体所移动的距离。 The amount of work is equal to the product of the force by the distance. 功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。 Copper wire is flexible. 铜线容易弯曲。 While the Chinese are eager to import modern medical technology from the West, increasing members of Westerners are equally interested in adopting the traditional medical remedies of China. 现在中国人热衷于从西方国家进口现代化医疗技术，而越来越多的西方人则热衷于接受中医疗法。 其他一些和介词构成词组在句中用作表语或定语而且常可译成动词的形容词还有：
词类转译法之名词转译成动词在英汉翻译中的应用
学号: 2009097311 哈尔滨师范大学 学士学位论文 题目词类转译法之名词转译成动词在英汉翻 译中的应用 学生刘婷婷 指导教师苏跃(副教授) 年级2007级 专业英语教育 系别英语教育系 学院西语学院
哈尔滨师范大学 学士学位论文开题报告 论文题目词类转译法之名词转译成动词在英汉翻 译中的应用 学生姓名刘婷婷 指导教师苏跃（副教授） 年级 2007级 15班 专业英语教育 2011年3 月
说明 本表需在指导教师和有关领导审查批准的情况下，要求学生认真填写。 说明课题的来源（自拟题目或指导教师承担的科研任务）、课题研究的目的和意义、课题在国内外研究现状和发展趋势。 若课题因故变动时，应向指导教师提出申请，提交题目变动论证报告。
课题来源： 教师指导下自拟题目 课题研究的目的和意义： 目的： 英汉两种语言在词汇和语法方面有一定的共同点，但差异也是明显的。例如，英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多。英语中的许多词，如名词、介词、形容词和副词在汉译时，往往可以译成动词。英语的词汇量很大，它吸收了大量的其他语言中的词汇，如法语、拉丁语、希腊语等。英语中的同义词和近义词很多，一词多义的现象非常普遍。同样，汉语中的同义词和近义词也十分丰富。汉语的词汇没有形态的变化，它主要靠词语、词序以及内在的逻辑关系来表达句子的含义。英语则通过词汇的各种形态变化来表达句子丰富多彩的语言关系和逻辑关系。由于英语和汉语在语法和表达习惯上存在很多差异，因此在翻译过程中有时必须改变原文中某些词句的词类或句子成分才能准确传达原文的意思。词类转译法就是实现这一目的的翻译方法。 意义： 翻译是一种跨文化的交流活动。翻译不仅是把一种文字用另外一种文字表达出来，而且还将两种不同的文化进行融合。英语和汉语在语法和词汇表达习惯上存在诸多差异，因此 在翻译过程中有时必须改变原文某些词句的词类或句子成分才能准确传达原文的意思。词类转译法就是实现这一目的的翻译方法之一，是翻译技巧中一个重要的组成部分。它的运用会直接影响到译文的质量。掌握了这种翻译技巧，会使译文更自然、更流畅、更符合汉语的表达习惯。只要我们不断学习，不断实践，注意观察，及时总结，我们就会在翻译的实践中逐步学会并掌握好词类转译法。 国内外同类课题研究现状及发展趋势： 国外： 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整的重新表达出来的语言活动。语言是思维的外壳，人类的思维是由存在决定的，而客观存在是可以认识的，因此一种语言所表达的思维内容，用另一种语言重新表达出来也是完全可能的。早在1959年，雅各布森从符号学的观点出发，将翻译分为：语内翻译，语际翻译，符际翻译。但国外对此课题的研究不是特别的多，在词类转译法方面的研究还不充足。A.F. Tytler 曾在 E ssay on principles of traslation中，对词类转译法进行了透彻的分析。 国内： 翻译不仅是把一种文字用另一种文字表达出来, 而且还是两种不同的文化的融合。因此在英译汉时务必要注意一些翻译技巧, 来使两种不同的文化进行交融, 其中较为重要的是词类的转译，国内通过大量的例句说明了在英译汉时词类的转译法的一些技巧运用, 特别是不同词类转译成动词的用法, 强调了词类的转译法在翻译中的重要性。我国的翻译事业有约两千年的光辉灿烂历史，早在西汉哀帝时代，有个名叫伊存的人到中国口传一些简短的佛经经句，但谈不上佛经的翻译。约两千年的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验，批判地吸收前人从实践中总结出来的理论、方法，以便继续提高我们的翻译水平，发展我们的翻译事业。
也说翻译中的词类转换——转译成动词
英语知识 在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。词类转译的情况归纳起来有以下四种。 一、转译成动词 英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点，往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。例如，在He admires the President's stated decision to fight for the job. （他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩）中，英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词，其他用的是过去分词（stated）、动词派生名词（decision）、不定式（to fight）和介词（for）等。汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。因此，英语中不少词类（尤其是名词、介词、形容词和副词）在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。 （一）名词转译成动词 1. 由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。如： 1）The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli's right to exist. （1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。）2）Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. （火箭已经用来探索宇宙。） 2.含有动作意味的名词（在记叙、描写文体中出现较多）往往可以转译成动词。如：
第八章英语翻译中的词类转换(课堂讲练) (1)
第八章法律英语词汇翻译方法（课堂讲练） 本章教学目标：了解法律英语翻译中词类转换若干基本方法。 一、法律词汇英汉互译中的词类转换 英汉词汇分类大致相当，但鉴于不同的表达习惯，在翻译时不能苛求词类相当，否则可能导致译文意义晦涩，不知所云。 例1、1）、Preference shareholders are entitled to a priority in the assets if the company is wound up. 译文：如果公司被解散，优先股东有优先分得公司资产的权利。 说明：“Preference Shareholders”，意为“shareholders having priority over Ordinary Shareholders for the dividend (the part of the money which is divided among shareholders) and assets allocation.” 本句中的介词“in”如直译为“在—里”，显然拗口，这里就存在着词类转换，即把英语的介词转换为动词。 2）、The “Events of Default”, as used in this Contract, shall mean the occurrence, from time to time, of any of the following circumstances. 译文：合同中使用的“违约事项”是指发生以下情形— 说明：本句的“occurrence”本为名词，但在译成汉语时，转换成动词较译成“发生”更通达。 所以，为使翻译的译文更加通顺，符合其本身的表达习惯，必要时，就应进行词类转换，在英汉互译过程当中，最常见的就是名词与动词的转换，具体而言，在英译汉时，名词转译为动词最常见，这与汉语语句习惯叠加动词，以致同一句中谓语动词“群雄并立“，而英语句子中只有主要谓语动词”一枝独秀“，其余动词只能转为动名词的不同表达习惯紧密相关。 例2、1）、The establishment of a joint venture in China is subject to examination and approval by the Ministry of Commerce of PRC. 译文：在中国境内设立合营企业，必须经中华人民共和国商务部审批。 2）、Until the publication or public announcement of a patent application, staff members of the Patent Office and persons involved shall have the duty to keep the contents of the patent application confidential. 译文：在专利申请公布或公告之前，专利局的工作人员以及有关人员对其内容负有保密义务。 3）、绝对不允许合同任何一方违反合同支付条款的行为。 译文：No violation by either party hereto of any payment clause or clauses can be tolerated. 除名词动词相互转换外。英汉互译中，形容词与副词，动词与形容词，甚至介词与动词的转换都经常发生，下面分别举例说明。 二、法律英语翻译的词类转换 1、（动）名词转换为动词 例3、1）、Whereas the Licensor possesses know-how for the d esigning, manufacturing,
汉英翻译技巧之词类转换法 Conversion
汉英翻译技巧之词类转换法Conversion ?Conversion: Conversion is also a common practice in Chinese-English translation. It is to change the part of speech into another. ?借刀杀人（v.—adj.） ?To sb. with a sword ?徐悲鸿画马画得特别好！（v.—n.） ?Xu’s of horses are exceptionally good. ?1. Verbs to be converted into Nouns. ?1) 林则徐认为，要成功地制止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片销毁。 ?Lin Zexu believed that a successful of the trade in opium should be preceded by a of the drug itself. ?2) 邓小平在―十一大‖上说：―一定要少说空话，多做工作‖。 ?Deng Xiaoping said at the 11th Party Congress, ―There must be and .‖ (v.--n.) ?3) 绝对不许违反这个原则。 ?No of this principle can be tolerated. (v.—n.) ?4)采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。 ?The of this new device will greatly cut down/reduce the percentage of defective products. ?5) 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。 ?He raising the quality of products in his speech. ?6) 中国人民百年以来不屈不挠、再接再厉地英勇斗争，使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国，也永远不能灭亡中国。 ?Thanks to the Chinese people’s unrelenting and heroic during the last hundred years, imperialism has not been able to conquer/subjugate/disintegrate China, nor will it ever be able to do so. ?7) 他们一不会做工，二不会种地，三不会打仗。 ?They don’t even know a thing about , nor about , nor about . ?8) 反对三峡工程的人说新形成的水库会淹没许多城镇和乡村。 ?to the Three Gorges Dam argued that the new reservoir(['rez?vwɑ:]) would flood many cities and villages.
大学英语专业翻译作业-词类转换
他总是喝很多酒。 He is a heavy drinker. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。 In his speech, he emphasized on improving the quality of the products in particular. 绝对不许违反这个原则。 Never allowed to violate this principle。 林则徐认为，要成功地禁止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片焚毁了。 In Lin Zexu’s opinion, a successful ban of opium trade must be preceded by destruction. 医生迅速到达，做了仔细检查，病人得以很快康复。 The doctor’s prompt arrival and careful examination of the patient brought his speedy recovery. 一看到校门，我就想起了我的大学时代。 The sight of school gate reminds me of college life. 获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。 We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake. 有人在背后支持他。 He got someone behind him. 街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。 Everything in the street was gradually disappeared into gray twilight. 经过学校的门口，也改换了名称和模样，令我很生疏。 When I passed the school gate, that too had changed its name and appearance, making me feel quite a stranger. 空气是这样的清香，使人感到分外凉爽、舒畅。 The air was so fresh that it gave people a feeling of especially cool and comfort. 他们不顾一切艰难险阻，勇往直前。 In spite of dangers and difficulties, they kept going forward courageously. 贵国人民的友好给我留下了很深的印象。 I was deeply pressed by the hospitality of your people. 他们尽了最大努力帮助病号和伤员。 They did their best to help the sick and wounded. 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。 Independent thinking is a necessity in study. 这个消息让我们有点沮丧。 The news depressed us a little. 他兴奋地接受了她的邀请。 He excited to receive her invitation]