大学英语综合教程5课文翻译

One Writer's Beginnings

1 I learned from the age of two or three that any room in our house, at any time of day,

was there to read in, or to be read to. My mother read to me. She'd read to me in the big bedroom in the mornings, when we were in her rocker together, which ticked in rhythm

as we rocked, as though we had a cricket accompanying the story. She'd read to me in

the dining room on winter afternoons in front of the coal fire, with our cuckoo clock

ending the story with "Cuckoo", and at night when I'd got in my own bed. I must have

given her no peace. Sometimes she read to me in the kitchen while she sat churning,

and the churning sobbed along with any story. It was my ambition to have her read to

me while I churned; once she granted my wish, but she read off my story before I

brought her butter. She was an expressive reader. When she was reading "Puss in Boots," for instance, it was impossible not to know that she distrusted all cats.

作家起步时

我从两三岁起就知道，家中随便在哪个房间里，白天无论在什么时间，都可以念书或听

人念书。母亲念书给我听。上午她都在那间大卧室里给我念，两人一起坐在她那把摇椅里，

我们摇晃时，椅子发出有节奏的滴答声，好像有只唧唧鸣叫的蟋蟀在伴着读故事。冬

日午后，她常在餐厅里烧着煤炭的炉火前给我念，布谷鸟自鸣钟发出“咕咕”声时，故事便结束了；晚上我在自己床上睡下后她也给我念。想必我是不让她有一刻清静。有时她在厨

房里一边坐着搅制黄油一边给我念，故事情节就随着搅制黄油发出的抽抽搭搭的声响不断展开。我的奢望是她念我来搅拌；有一次她满足了我的愿望，可是我要听的故事她念完了，她

要的黄油我却还没弄好。她念起故事来富有表情。比如，她念《穿靴子的猫》时，你就没法

不相信她对猫一概怀疑。

2 It had been startling and disappointing to me to find out that story books had been

written by people, that books were not natural wonders, coming up of themselves like

grass. Yet regardless of where they came from, I cannot remember a time when I was

not in love with them — with the books themselves, cover and binding and the paper

they were printed on, with their smell and their weight and with their possession in my

arms, captured and carried off to myself. Still illiterate, I was ready for them, committed

to all the reading I could give them.

当我得知故事书原来是人写出来的，书本原来不是什么大自然的奇迹，不像草那样自生

自长时，真是又震惊又失望。不过，姑且不论书本从何而来，我不记得自己有什么时候

不爱书——书本本身、封面、装订、印着文字的书页，还有油墨味、那种沉甸甸的感觉，

以及把书抱在怀里时那种将我征服、令我陶醉的感觉。还没识字，我就想读书了，一心想

读所有的书。

3 Neither of my parents had come from homes that could afford to buy many books,

but though it must have been something of a strain on his salary, as the youngest

officer in a young insurance company, my father was all the while carefully selecting

and ordering away for what he and Mother thought we children should grow up with.

They bought first for the future .

我的父母都不是来自那种买得起许多书的家庭。然而，虽然买书准得花去他不少薪金，

作为一家成立不久的保险公司最年轻的职员，父亲一直在精心挑选、不断订购他和母亲认

为儿童成长应读的书。他们购书首先是为了我们的前程。

4 Besides the bookcase in the living room, which was always called "the library", there

were the encyclopedia tables and dictionary stand under windows in our dining room.

Here to help us grow up arguing around the dining room table were the Unabridged

Webster, the Columbia Encyclopedia,Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia, the Lincoln

Library of Information, and later the Book of Knowledge. In "the library", inside the

bookcase were books I could soon begin on — and I did, reading them all alike and as they came, straight down their rows, top shelf to bottom. My mother read secondarily

for information; she sank as a hedonist into novels. She read Dickens in the spirit in

which she would have eloped with him. The novels of her girlhood that had stayed on

in her imagination, besides those of Dickens and Scott and Robert Louis Stevenson,

were Jane Eyre, Trilby, The Woman in White,GreenMansions, King Solomon's Mines.

除了客厅里有一向被称作“图书室”的书橱，餐厅的窗子下还有几张摆放百科全书的

桌子和一个字典架。这里有伴随我们在餐桌旁争论着长大的《韦氏大词典》、《哥伦比亚百

科全书》、《康普顿插图百科全书》、《林肯资料文库》，以及后来的《知识库》。“图书馆”书橱里的书没过多久我就能读了——我的确读了，全都读了，按着顺序，一排接着一排

读，从最上面的书架一直读到最下面的书架。母亲读书最重要的不在获取信息。她是为了

享受快乐而埋头读小说。她读狄更斯时的神情简直就像要跟他私奔似的。她少女时代读的

小说印在了她心头的，除了狄更斯、司各特和罗伯特?路易斯 ?斯蒂文森等人的作品之外，

还有《简 ?爱》、《切尔比》、《白衣女士》、《绿厦》和《所罗门王的矿藏》。

5 To both my parents I owe my early acquaintance with a beloved Mark Twain. There

was a full set of Mark Twain and a short set of Ring Lardner in our bookcase, and

those were the volumes that in time united us all, parents and children.

多亏了我的父母，我很早就接触了受人喜爱的马克?吐温。书橱里有一整套马克?吐温文集和一套不全的林?拉德纳作品集，这些书最终将父母和孩子联结在一起。

6 Reading everything that stood before me was how I came upon a worn old book that

had belonged to my father as a child. It was called Sanford and Merton. Is there anyone

left who recognizes it, I wonder? It is the famous moral tale written by Thomas Day in

the 1780s, but of him no mention is made on the title page of this book; here it is

Sanford and Merton in Words of One Syllable by Mary Godolphin. Here are the rich

boy and the poor boy and Mr. Barlow, their teacher and interlocutor, in long discourses

alternating with dramatic scenes — anger and rescue allotted to the rich and the poor respectively. It ends with not one but two morals, both engraved on rings: "Do what you

ought, come what may," and "If we would be great, we must first learn to be good."

我一本接一本阅读摆在我面前的书，读着读着便发现一本又破又旧的书，是我父亲小

时候的。书名是《桑福徳与默顿》。我不相信如今还有谁会记得这本书。那是托玛斯?戴在18 世纪80 年代撰写的一本著名的进行道德教育的故事书，可该书的扉页上并没有提及他；

上面写的是《桑福徳与默顿简易本》，玛丽?戈多尔芬著。书中讲的是一个富孩子和一个穷

孩子与他们老师巴洛先生之间的冗长的谈话，其间穿插着戏剧性场面——分别写了富孩子

和穷孩子如何发火、如何获救。书末讲的道德寓意不是一条，而是两条，都印在环形图案里：

“不管发生什么，该做的就去做”，还有“想做伟人，必须先学会做个好人”。

7 This book was lacking its front cover, the back held on by strips of pasted paper, now

turned golden, in several layers, and the pages stained, flecked, and tattered around the

edges; its garish illustrations had come unattached but were preserved, laid in. I had the

feeling even in my heedless childhood that this was the only book my father as a little

boy had had of his own. He had held onto it, and might have gone to sleep on its

coverless face: he had lost his mother when he was seven. My father had never made

any mention to his own children of the book, but he had brought it along with him

fromOhioto our house and shelved it in our bookcase.

这本书没了封面，封底用几条纸片粘牢，有好几层，如今都泛黄了，书页上污迹斑斑，

边角处都破碎了；书中花哨的插图脱了页，但都保存良好，夹在书里。即使在少不更事的

童年，我就觉得那是我父亲小时候拥有的惟一一本书。他一直珍藏着这本书，或许还枕着

这本没了封面的书睡觉：他7 岁时就没了母亲。我父亲从来没跟自己的孩子提起过这本书，

但他从俄亥俄一路把它带到我们的家，把它放进我们的书橱。

8 My mother had brought fromWest Virginiathat set of Dickens: those books looked sad,

too — they had been through fire and water before I was born, she told me, and there

they were, lined up — as I later realized, waiting for me.

母亲则从西弗吉尼亚带来了那套狄更斯：那套书看上去也惨不忍睹——她告诉我，我

还没出生，这些书就历经水火之灾，可现在它们还是整齐地排列在那儿——后来我意识到，是等着我去读。

9 I was presented, from as early as I can remember, with books of my own, which

appeared on my birthday and Christmas morning. Indeed, my parents could not give me

books enough. They must have sacrificed to give me on my sixth or seventh birthday—

it was after I became a reader for myself-the ten-volume set of Our Wonder World. These

were beautifully made, heavy books I would lie down with on the floor in front of the dining

room hearth, and more often than the rest volume 5, Every Child's Story Book,

was under my eyes. There were the fairy tales — Grimm, Andersen, the English, the

French, "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves"; and there was Aesop and Reynard the Fox;

there were the myths and legends, Robin Hood, King Arthur, and St. George and the

Dragon, even the history of Joan of Arc; a whack of Pilgrim's Progress and a long piece of Gulliver. They all carried their classic illustrations. I located myself in these pages and

could go straight to the stories and pictures I loved; very often "The Yellow Dwarf" was

first choice, with Walter Crane's Yellow Dwarf in full color making his terrifying appearance flanked by turkeys. Now that volume is as worn and backless and hanging apart as my

father's poor Sanford and Merton. One measure of my love for Our Wonder World was

that for a long time I wondered if I would go through fire and water for it as

my mother had done for Charles Dickens; and the only comfort was to think I could

ask my mother to do it for me.

从记事起我就收到给自己的书了，那是在生日时，还有圣诞节早晨。我父母真的是送

给我再多的书都嫌不够。在我 6 岁或 7 岁生日时——那是在我自己能读书之后——他们送我一套 10 卷本的《我们的神奇世界》，为此，准是作了不少牺牲。那套书真漂亮，厚厚

的，我总是带着它躺在餐厅壁炉前的地板上，读得最多的是第 5 卷：《儿童故事》。那都是些童话故事——格林的、安徒生的、英国童话、法国童话，“阿里巴巴和四十大盗”；还有伊索寓言和列那狐的故事；还有神话和传奇故事，如罗宾汉、亚瑟王、圣乔治和龙，甚

至还有历史故事圣女贞德；还有一部分《天路历程》，以及一长段《格列佛游记》。每篇

故事都有精彩的插图。我早已让自己走进这些故事中去了，一翻就能翻到自己喜爱的故事

和插图；《黄肤色小矮人》常常是我的首选，沃尔特?克莱恩绘的彩色插图中黄肤色小矮人看着令人害怕，他左右还有火鸡侍立。如今这册书已经跟父亲那本损坏的《桑福徳与默顿》

一样，又破又旧，最后几页掉了，书页散了。有很长一段时间，我一直想自己能不能像母亲

为查尔斯 ?狄更斯做的那样，为《我们的神奇世界》这套书赴汤蹈火，从这一点也可想见我

对这套书是多么珍爱；惟一令人安慰的是我相信我可让母亲为我这么做。

10 I believe I'm the only child I know of who grew up with this treasure in the house. I

used to ask others, "Did you have Our Wonder World?" I'd have to tell them The Book

of Knowledge could not hold a candle to it.

在所有认识的孩子们当中，我想自己是惟一有家藏宝库伴随着长大的孩子。过去我常

常问别人：“你有《我们的神奇世界》吗？”我常常得跟人解释，《知识库》根本没法跟这

套书比。

11 I live in gratitude to my parents for initiating me—as early as I begged for it,

without keeping me waiting—into knowledge of the word, into reading and spelling, by

way of the alphabet. They taught it to me at home in time for me to begin to read before

starting to school.

我感激父母通过认识字母对我——早在我要求之时，而没有让我等待——进行文字启蒙，教我阅读和拼写。他们在家里教我，我得以在上学前就开始了阅读。

12 Ever since I was first read to, then started reading to myself, there has never been

a line read that I didn't hear. As my eyes followed the sentence, a voice was saying it

silently to me. It isn't my mother's voice, or the voice of any person I can identify,

certainly not my own. It is human, but inward, and it is inwardly that I listen to it. It is to

me the voice of the story or the poem itself. The cadence, whatever it is that asks you to believe, the feeling that resides in the printed word, reaches me through the reader-

voice: I have supposed, but never found out, that this is the case with all readers — to read as listeners — and with all writers, to write as listeners. It may be part of the desire

to write. The sound of what falls on the page begins the process of testing it for truth ,

for me. Whether I am right to trust so far I don't know. By now I don't know whether I

could do either one, reading or writing, without the other.

从最初听故事，到后来自己开始读书，从来没有一行读过的字我不闻其声。当我的目

光扫过一个句子时，就会有个声音默念给我听。那不是母亲的声音，也不是我能辨认的某

个人的声音，当然也不是我本人的声音。那是人的声音，但是内在的，我倾听的正是内心

深处的声音。对我而言，那就是故事本身的声音，就是诗本身的声音。那抑扬顿挫的声音，

不论它要你相信的是什么，那印刷文字中蕴含的情感，通过诵读者的声音传递给我：我一

直猜想，却始终没能证实，所有的读者都如此——边读边听，所有的作者都如此——边写边听。那或许是写作欲望的一部分。对我而言，落在纸页上的声音可帮助测试写下来的是

否是实事真情。我不知道我相信到这个程度是否对头。如今我也不知道自己能不能做到只

读不写，或只写不读。

13 My own words, when I am at work on a story, I hear too as they go, in the same

voice that I hear when I read in books. When I write and the sound of it comes back

to my ears, then I act to make my changes. I have always trusted this voice.

在写小说时，我也能听见文字落纸的声音，与我读书时听到的声音一样。我写着，那声音

传入耳内，于是我闻声而动，加以修改。我一直信赖这一声音。

Let's Go Veggie!

1 If there was a single act that would improve your health, cut your risk of food-

borne illnesses, and help preserve the environment and the welfare of millions of animals, would you do it?

咱们吃素吧 !

如果有一件事，既能增进健康、减少患上食物引起的疾病的危险，又有助于保护环境、保护千万动物安全生存，你做不做？

2 The act I'm referring to is the choice you make every time you sit down to a meal.

我说的这件事就是每次坐下来就餐时挑选菜肴。

3 More than a million Canadians have already acted: They have chosen to not eat meat. And the pace of change has been dramatic.

一百多万加拿大人已经行动起来：他们决定不吃肉。变化速度之快令人惊叹。

4 Vegetarian food sales are showing unparalleled growth. Especially popular are

meat-free burgers and hot dogs, and the plant-based cuisines

ofIndia,China,Mexico,ItalyandJapan.

素食品的销售额大大增加，前所未有。尤受欢迎的是无肉汉堡包和热狗，以及以蔬为

主的印度、中国、墨西哥、意大利和日本的菜肴。

5 Fuelling the shift toward vegetarianism have been the health recommendations

of medical research. Study after study has uncovered the same basic truth: Plant

foods lower your risk of chronic disease; animal foods increase it.

推动人们转向素食的是医学研究提出的关于如何增进健康的建议。一项又一项的研究

都揭示了同样的基本事实：果蔬降低患慢性病的危险；肉类食品则增加这种危险。

6 The American Dietetic Association says: "Scientific data suggest positive relationships between a vegetarian diet and reduced risk for several chronic degenerative diseases."

美国饮食学协会指出，“科学资料表明，素食与降低多种慢性变性疾病的患病危险肯定有关系。”

7 This past fall, after reviewing 4,500 studies on diet and cancer, the World Cancer Research Fund flatly stated: "We've been running the human biological engine on

the wrong fuel."

去年秋天，在检验了4500 个饮食与癌症的研究报告之后，世界癌症研究基金会直截了当地指出：“我们一向利用不合适的养料来维持人类生理引擎的运转。”

8 This "wrong fuel" has helped boost the cost of degenerative disease inCanadato an estimated $400 billion a year, according to Bruce Holub, a professor of nutritional science

at theUniversityofGuelph.

据威尔夫大学营养科学教授布鲁斯?霍拉勃称，这一“不合适的养料”致使加拿大每年用于治疗变性疾病的费用高达4000 亿（加）元。

9 Animal foods have serious nutritional drawbacks: They are devoid of fiber, contain far

too much saturated fat and cholesterol, and may even carry traces of hormones, steroids

and antibiotics. It makes little difference whether you eat beef, pork, chicken or fish.

肉类食品存在严重的营养缺陷：它们不含纤维，含有过多的饱和脂肪和胆固醇，甚至

可能含有微量的激素、类固醇和抗菌素。牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉或鱼肉都一样。

10 Animal foods are also gaining notoriety as breeding grounds for E. coli,

campylobacter and other bacteria that cause illness. According to the Canadian

Food Inspection Agency, six out of ten chickens are infected with salmonella. It's like

playing Russian roulette with your health.

肉类食品也是越来越广为人知的大肠杆菌、弯曲菌以及其他致病细菌的孳生地。据加

拿大食品检验机构称，十分之六的鸡染有沙门氏菌。吃肉无异于玩俄式轮盘赌，拿你的健

康做赌资。

11 So why aren't governments doing anything about this? Unfortunately, they have

bowed to pressure from powerful lobby groups such as theBeefInformationCenter,

the Canadian Egg Marketing Agency and the Dairy Farmers of Canada. According to documents retrieved through the Freedom of Information Act, these groups forced

changes toCanada's latest food guide before it was released in 1993.

既然如此，政府为什么不采取任何措施？很遗憾，政府屈服于强有力的院外活动集团

的压力，如牛肉信息中心、加拿大禽蛋营销公司、加拿大乳牛场场主协会等。根据信息自

由法案获得的有关文件记载，这些集团迫使加拿大最新食品指南在1993 年公布前作出修改。

12 This should come as no surprise: Even a minor reduction in recommended intakes of animal protein could cost these industries billions of dollars a year.

这并不奇怪。即使建议动物蛋白质的摄入量减少一丁点儿都会给这些企业带来每年数

十亿元的损失。

13 While health and food safety are compelling reasons for choosing a vegetarian

lifestyle, there are also larger issues to consider. Animal-based agriculture is one of the

most environmentally destructive industries on the face of the Earth.

健康和食品安全是选择素食生活方式令人信服的理由，但此外还有更为重大的因素要

考虑。以饲养动物为基础的农业是世界上对环境破坏最严重的产业之一。

14 Think for a moment about the vast resources required to raise, feed, shelter,

transport, process and package the 500 million Canadian farm animals slaughtered each

year. Water and energy are used at every step of the way. Alberta Agriculture calculates

that it takes 10 to 20 times more energy to produce meat than to produce grain.

想一想培育、饲养、建牲畜栏、运输、加工和包装加拿大每年宰杀的 5 亿头牲畜所需

的巨大资源。其中的每一个环节都耗费水和能源。阿尔伯达农业署估计，生产肉耗费的能

源比生产谷物多10－ 20 倍。

15 Less than a quarter of our agricultural land is used to feed people directly. The

rest is devoted to grazing and growing food for animals. Ecosystems of forest, wetland

and grassland have been decimated to fuel the demand for land. Using so much land

heightens topsoil loss, the use of harsh fertilizers and pesticides, and the need for

irrigation water from dammed rivers. If people can shift away from meat, much of this

land could be converted back to wilderness.

用于直接为人们提供食物的土地还不到农业用地的四分之一。其余的都用来放牧和种

饲料。森林、湿地和草原的生态系统遭受相当严重的破坏，以满足对土地的需求。土地的

大量利用加剧了表土的流失，增加了会带来负面作用的化肥和杀虫剂的施用，增加了从筑

有水坝的河流中引水灌溉的需求。如果人们能摒弃肉食，许多土地就能回复到未开垦状态。

16 The problem is that animals are inefficient at converting plants to edible flesh.

It takes, for example, 8.4 kilograms of grain to produce one kilogram of pork, theU.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/259889668.html,ernment estimates.

问题在于，动物在把植物转化为可食用的肉类这方面的效率很低。举例来说，美国政

府估测，生产 1 公斤猪肉需要耗费8.4 公斤的谷物。

17 After putting so many resources into animals, what do we get out? Manure

— at a

rate of over 10,000 kilograms per second inCanadaalone, according to the government. EnvironmentCanadasays cattle excrete 40 kilograms of manure for every kilogram of

edible beef. A large egg factory can produce 50 to 100 tonnes of waste per week, the

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture estimates.

我们把这么多资源耗费在动物身上，又得到什么回报呢？粪肥——据官方资料，仅加

拿大，就以每秒10,000多公斤的速度排出。加拿大环境部称，牛每产 1 公斤可食牛肉需排

出40 公斤粪便。安大略省农业部估测，一家大型禽蛋工厂每星期可产出50 －100吨禽粪。

18 And where does it go? In the 1992 Ontario Groundwater Survey, 43 per cent of

tested wells were contaminated with agricultural run-off containing fecal coliform

bacteria and nitrates. Earlier this month, charges were laid against a largeAlbertafeedlot operator for dumping 30 million litres of cattle manure into theBowRiver, "killing

everything in its path," as a news story described it.

这些粪便都到哪儿去了？1992 年安大略省地下水调查发现，43% 的被测试水井都受到含有粪便大肠杆菌和硝酸盐等农业生产排出的废物的污染。本月初，阿尔伯达一家大型

围栏肥育地经营者被指控将 3 千万升牛粪排入博河，“沿途生灵悉数被毁”，一则新闻这么报道。

19 And then there is methane, a primary contributing gas in global warming and ozone

layer depletion. Excluding natural sources, 27 per cent ofCanada's and 20 per cent of the

world's methane comes from livestock.

此外还有沼气，那是促使全球气候变暖和臭氧层减少的主要气体。不把天然沼气资源

包括在内，加拿大 27% 的沼气、全世界 20% 的沼气都来自牲畜。

20 John Robbins, author of the Pulitzer prize-nominated book Diet for a New

America (Group West), said it best when he stated: "Eating lower on the food chain is

perhaps the most potent single act we can take to halt the destruction of our

environment and preserve our natural resources."

获普利策提名奖的《新美洲饮食》一书作者约翰?罗宾斯说得好：“食用食物链较低部分的食物或许是我们可用以阻止环境破坏、保护自然资源的最最有效的行动。”

21 Our environment also includes the animals killed for their meat. It has become an

accepted fact that today's factory-farmed animals live short, miserable, unnatural lives.

我们的环境也包括为食其肉而被宰杀的动物。当今工厂化农场的牲畜寿命极短，过着

悲惨的、不正常的生活，这已是公认的事实。

22 As part of my research at theUniversityofWaterloo, I toured some of the country's

largest "processing" plants. The experience has left me with recurring nightmares.

作为我在沃特卢大学研究工作的一部分，我参观过一些全国最大的“加工”厂。这个经历让我日后尽做噩梦。

23 I saw "stubborn" cows being beaten and squealing pigs chased around the

killing floor with electric calipers.

我见到“固执”的牛被打、尖叫着的猪在屠宰室被人用电卡钳追逐。

24 I looked on in utter shock as a cow missed the stun gun and was hoisted fully

conscious upside down by its hind leg and cut to pieces, thrashing until its last breath.

我万分震惊地目睹一头牛躲过了眩晕枪，结果被缚住后腿倒挂起来，惨遭活剐，一直

挣扎到断气。

25 Noticing my shock, the foreman remarked: "Who cares? They're going to die

anyway."

工头见我惊骇不已，便说：“管它呢！它们反正得死。”

26 Because it can cost hundreds of dollars per minute to stop the conveyor line,

animal welfare comes second to profit. Over 150,000 animals are "processed" every

hour of every working day inCanada, according to AgricultureCanada.

由于传送线停转一分钟就要损失好几百元，家畜的利益就变得不如利润重要。据加拿

大农业署称，在加拿大，每个工作日，每小时有150,000 多头家畜被“加工”。

27 The picture gets uglier still. En route to slaughter, farm animals may legally spend

anywhere from 36 to 72 hours without food, water or rest. They're not even afforded the "luxury" of temperature controlled trucks in extreme summer heat or sub-zero cold.

情况变得甚至更可怕。家畜在宰杀前的运输途中，法律允许在36－ 72小时内不给进食、进水，不让休息。即使在炎夏或零度以下的严冬，它们连乘温控卡车的“奢侈”也不让享受。

28 AgricultureCanadahas estimated that more than 3 million Canadian farm animals

die slow and painful deaths en route to slaughter each year.

加拿大农业署估计，加拿大每年有 3 百多万头家畜在宰杀前的运输途中痛苦地慢慢死

去。

29 I've also visited typical Canadian farms. Gone are the days when piglets snorted and

roosters strutted their way about the barnyard. Most of today's modernized farms have

long, windowless sheds in which animals live like prisoners their entire lives. I have seen

chickens crammed four to a cage, nursing pigs separated from their young by iron bars

and veal calves confined to crates so narrow they couldn't turn around. Few of these

animals ever experience sunlight or fresh air — and most of their natural urges are

denied.

本人还参观过一些典型的加拿大农场。猪崽喷着鼻息、公鸡在粮仓的空场上昂首行走

的日子已经一去不复返。而今大多数的现代化农场都有一个个狭长的、没有窗户的牲畜棚，

牲畜一生关在棚里，如囚犯一般。我见到过四只鸡挤在一个笼里，喂奶的母猪与猪崽被铁

条隔开，肉用小牛关在狭窄得转不过身来的板条箱里。这些牲畜几乎都终年不见阳光，呼

吸不到新鲜空气——它们天生的欲望大都得不到满足。

30 Although it is difficult to face these harsh realities, it is even more difficult to ignore

them. Three times a day, you make a decision that not only affects the quality of your

life, but the rest of the living world. We hold in our knives and forks the power to change

this world.

面对这种严峻的现实固然困难，置之不理更是难上加难。一日三次，你要做出不仅影

响自身生活质量、更是事关整个有生命世界的决定。我们手里的餐刀餐叉拥有改变这个世

界的力量。

31 Consider the words of Albert Einstein: "Nothing will benefit human health and

increase the chances for survival of life on Earth as the Evolution to a vegetarian diet."

让我们想一想阿尔伯特 ?爱因斯坦的话吧：“没有什么比转向素食更有益于人类健康，更

能增加世间万物的生存机会。”

32 Bon appetite.

祝君胃口好。

The Truth About Lying

1.I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject

of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can—and can never

never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any

ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to

present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about

them. Do you agree?

关于说谎的真相

朱迪斯 ?维奥斯特

我一直想写一个令我深感兴趣的话题：关于说谎的问题。我觉得这个题目很难写。所

有我交谈过的人都对什么事情可以说谎——什么事情绝对不可以说谎——持有强烈的、常常不容别人分说的个人意见。最后我得出结论，我不能下任何定论，因为这样做就会有太

多的人立即反对。我想我还是提出若干都与说谎有关的道义上的难题吧。我将向读者阐明

我对这些难题的个人看法。你们觉得对吗？

Social Lies

2.Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white

lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they

say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people

unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsively assailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?

社交性谎言

和我交谈过的大多数人都说，他们认为旨在促进社会交际的谎言是可以接受的，也是

必要的。他们认为这是一种文明的行为。他们说，要不是这类无关紧要的谎言，人与人之间

的关系就会变得粗野不快，无法持久。他们说，如果你要做到十二分正直、十二分无畏，不

由自主地用你的诚实使他人陷入不必要的窘境或痛苦之中，这只能说你是傲慢自大。对此，

我基本赞同。你呢？

3.Will you say to people, when it simply isn't true, "I like your new hairdo,"

"You're looking much better," "it's so nice to see you," "I had a wonderful time"?

你会不会跟人说：“我喜欢你的新发型，”“你气色好多了，”“见到你真高兴，”“我玩得很尽兴，”而实际上根本不是这么回事儿？

4.Will you praise hideous presents and homely kids?

你会不会对令人憎厌的礼物，或相貌平平的孩子称赞有加？

5. Will you decline invitations with "We're busy that night—so sorry we can't come," when the truth is you'd rather stay home than dine with the So-and-sos?

你婉辞邀请时会不会说“那天晚上我们正好没空——真对不起，我们不能来，”而实际上你是宁肯呆在家里也不想跟某某夫妇一起进餐？

6. And even though, as I do, you may prefer the polite evasion of "You really cooked

up a storm "instead of "The soup"—which tastes like warmed-over coffee—"is wonderful," will you, if you must, proclaim it wonderful?

虽然像我那样，你也想用“太丰盛了”这种委婉的托辞，而不是盛赞“那汤味道好极了”(其实味同重新热过的咖啡)，但如果你必须赞美那汤，你会说它鲜美吗?

7.There's one man I know who absolutely refuses to tell social lies. "I can't play that game," he says; "I'm simply not made that way." And his answer to the argument that

saying nice things to someone doesn't cost anything is, "Yes, it does—it destroys your credibility." Now, he won't, unsolicited, offer his views on the painting you just bought,

but you don't ask his frank opinion unless you want frank, and his silence at those

moments when the rest of us liars are muttering, "Isn't it lovely?" is, for the most part,

eloquent enough. My friend does not indulge in what he calls "flattery, false praise

and mellifluous comments." When others tell fibs he will not go along. He says that

social lying is lying, that little white lies are still lies. And he feels that telling lies is

morally wrong. What about you?

我认识一个人，他完全拒绝说这类社交性谎言。“我不会那一套，”他说，“我生来就不会那一套。”讲到对人家说几句好听的话并不失去什么，他的回答是：“不对，当然有损失——那会损害你的诚信度。”因此你不问他，他不会对你刚买来的画发表意见，但除非你想

听老实话，否则你也不会去问他的真实想法。当我们这些说谎者轻声称赞着“多美啊”的时候，他的沉默往往是极能说明问题的。我的这位朋友从来不讲他所说的“奉承话、虚假的赞

美话和动听话”。别人说些无伤大雅的谎言，他则不。他说社交性谎言还是谎言，无关紧要

的小小谎言还是谎言。他认为说谎不合道德。你呢？

Peace-Keeping Lies

8.Many people tell peace-keeping lies: lies designed to avoid irritation or argument,

lies designed to shelter the liar from possible blame or pain; lies (or so it is rationalized) designed to keep trouble at bay without hurting anyone.

息事宁人的谎言

不少人为了息事宁人而说谎：那种意在避免生气或争吵的谎言，意在使说谎者免受可

能的责备或烦恼的谎言；意在( 或据认为理应 )不伤害他人而又能帮助避免麻烦的谎言。

9.I tell these lies at times, and yet I always feel they're wrong. I understand why we

tell them, but still they feel wrong. And whenever I lie so that someone won't disapprove

of me or think less of me or holler at me, I feel I'm a bit of a coward, I feel I'm dodging responsibility, I feel...guilty. What about you?

我有时也说这种谎，不过我总觉得不该说。我知道为什么要说这种谎，但说这种谎终

究不对。每当我为了不让别人讨厌自己、看轻自己、或冲着自己嚷嚷而说谎时，我总觉得

自己有点像个懦夫，觉得自己是在逃避责任，觉得??愧疚。你呢？

10.Do you, when you're late for a date because you overslept, say that you're late

because you got caught in a traffic jam?

你由于睡过头赴约会迟到了，会不会说是因为碰上堵车才晚到的？

11.Do you, when you forget to call a friend, say that you called several times but the

line was busy?

你忘了给朋友打电话，会不会谎称打过好几次，可电话老占线？

12.Do you, when you didn't remember that it was your father's birthday, say that

his present must be delayed in the mail?

你忘了父亲的生日，会不会说寄给他的礼物准是给耽搁了？

13. And when you're planning a weekend in New York City and you're not in the mood

to visit your mother, who lives there, do you conceal—with a lie, if you must— the fact that you'll be in New York? Or do you have the courage—or is it the cruelty?— to say, "I'll be inNew York, but sorry—I don't plan on seeing you"?

你打算去纽约市度周末，但又不想去看望住在那里的母亲，你会——必要的话用谎言

——隐瞒你将到纽约的事实，还是会勇敢地——或者说狠心地——说：“我要来纽约，可是抱歉，我不打算来看望你”？

14.(Dave and his wife Elaine have two quite different points of view on this very

subject. He calls her a coward. She says she's being wise. He says she must assert

her right to visitNew Yorksometimes and not see her mother. To which she always

patiently replies: "Why should we have useless fights? My mother's too old to change.

We get along much better when I lie to her.")

( 戴夫和妻子伊莱恩正是在这个问题上有两种颇不相同的观点。他称她为懦夫。她说自

己处理这事是明智的。他说她应该维护自己有的时候去纽约但不去看望母亲的权利。对此

她总是耐心地回答说：“我们何必无谓地争吵呢？我母亲年纪大了，不会改了。我对她说个

谎，我们相处得就更好。”)

15.Finally, do you keep the peace by telling your husband lies on the subject of money?

Do you reduce what you really paid for your shoes? And in general do you find yourself

ready, willing and able to lie to him when you make absurd mistakes or lose or break

things?

最后一点，你会不会在钱的问题上对丈夫说谎，以求太平？你会不会少报买鞋子的钱？

你出了什么荒唐的错误或丢失了物品打碎了器皿时是不是常常想对他撒谎，而且会对他撒

谎？

16."I used to have a romantic idea that part of intimacy was confessing every dumb

thing that you did to your husband. But after a couple of years of that," says Laura,

"have I changed my mind!"

“过去我往往不切实际地以为亲密关系的一个组成部分就是把自己做的每件蠢事都如

实告诉丈夫。可这么过了几年之后，”劳拉说，“我就改了主意 ! ”

17.And having changed her mind, she finds herself telling peacekeeping lies. And yes,

I tell them too. What about you?

改主意后，她在不知不觉中说谎话求太平了。没错，我也说这种谎。你呢？

Protective Lies

18. Protective lies are lies folks tell—often quite serious lies—because they're convinced that the truth would be too damaging. They lie because they feel there are

certain human values that supersede the wrong of having lied. They lie, not for

personal gain, but because they believe it's for the good of the person they're lying to.

They lie to those they love, to those who trust them most of all, on the grounds that

breaking this trust is justified.

保护性谎言

保护性谎言就是因为人们认为事实真相危害性太大而说的谎言，这类谎言通常事关重

大。他们说谎，因为他们认为，人的某些价值观念压倒了说谎这一错误行为本身。他们说

谎不是为个人私利，而是因为他们相信，那是为他们对之说谎的人好。他们对自己所爱的

人撒谎，对最信任自己的人撒谎，就是因为他们认为这样做是有正当理由的。

19. They may lie to their children on money or marital matters.

他们会在金钱或婚姻问题上对子女说谎。

20. They may lie to the dying about the state of their health.

他们会对垂死者隐瞒真实病情。

21.They may lie to their closest friend because the truth about her talents or son

or psyche would be — or so they insist — utterly devastating.

他们会对密友说谎，因为关于其才能、其爱子或其精神状态的实话会——不妨说他们坚持这么认为——使其身心受到极大伤害。

22.I sometimes tell such lies, but I'm aware that it's quite presumptuous to claim I

know what's best for others to know. That's called playing God . That's called

manipulation and control. And we never can be sure, once we start to juggle lies, just

where they'll land, exactly where they'll roll.

有时我也说这种谎，可我明白，声称自己懂得什么事他人应该知道，这未免太自以为

是了。这无异于充当上帝。这无异于操纵和控制他人。而我们一旦开始玩起谎言戏法，就

再也无法知道谎言何时会收场，究竟会滑向何方。

23.And furthermore, we may find ourselves lying in order to back up the lies that are

backing up the lie we initially told.

而且，我们会不知不觉地为了圆先前说的谎言而说谎。

24. And furthermore—let's be honest—if conditions were reversed, we certainly

wouldn't want anyone lying to us.

而且——我们不妨直说——如果情形倒过来，我们当然不愿意别人对自己说谎。

25.Yet, having said all that, I still believe that there are times when protective lies

must nonetheless be told. What about you?

不过，话虽如此，我还是觉得有时保护性谎言还非说不可。你呢？

Trust-Keeping Lies

26.Another group of lies are trust-keeping lies, lies that involve triangulation, with A

(that's you) telling lies to B on behalf of C (whose trust you'd promised to keep). Most

people concede that once you've agreed not to betray a friend's confidence, you

can't betray it, even if you must lie. But I've talked with people who don't want you

telling them anything that they might be called on to lie about.

信守承诺的谎言

另一类谎言是信守承诺的谎言，涉及三方的谎言，即A（你）为了C（你答应为其信

守承诺者）而对 B 说谎。大多数人承认，一旦你答应不背叛朋友的信任，你就不能背叛，

哪怕你必须说谎。但我与之交谈过的人中也有人不想听那些他们也许得为之说谎的事。

27."I don't tell lies for myself," says Fran, "and I don't want to have to tell them for

other people." Which means, she agrees, that if her best friend is having an affair, she

absolutely doesn't want to know about it.

“我不为自己说谎，”弗兰说，“我也不愿为别人说谎。”她承认，这就意味着如果她最好的朋

友有风流韵事的话，她绝对不想知道。

28. "Are you saying," her best friend asks, "that you'd betray me?"

“你是说，”她最好的朋友问，“你会出卖我？”

29. Fran is very pained but very adamant. "I wouldn't want to betray you, so?d me anything about it."

弗兰心里很为难，但态度十分坚决。“我不想出卖你，所以??别跟我说这事。”

30. Fran's best friend is shocked. What about you?

弗兰最好的朋友深感震惊。你呢？

31.Do you believe you can have close friends if you're not prepared to receive

their deepest secrets?

你是不是认为，如果你不愿意了解朋友最深的隐密，你仍会有好朋友？

32. Do you believe you must always lie for your friends?

你是不是认为你必须一直为朋友说谎？

33.Do you believe, if your friend tells a secret that turns out to be quite immoral or

illegal, that once you've promised to keep it, you must keep it?

你是不是认为，如果朋友透露的一个秘密是违反道德或法律的，而一旦你答应保密，

你就得真的保密？

34. And what if your friend were your boss—if you were perhaps one of the

President's men—would you betray or lie for him over, say, Watergate?

如果你的朋友正好是你的上司——如果你恰好就是总统班底的人——比如说在水门事件这个问题上，你是背叛他还是为他说谎？

35. As you can see, these issues get terribly sticky.

可以想见这些问题非常棘手。

36.It's my belief that once we've promised to keep a trust, we must tell lies to keep it.

I also believe that we can't tell Watergate lies. And if these two statements strike you as

quite contradictory, you're right — they're quite contradictory. But for now they're the

best I can do. What about you?

我以为，一旦我们答应信守承诺，我们就是说谎也得信守承诺。同时我也认为，在水

门事件这类事情上我们不能说谎。如果你觉得这两点自相矛盾，那你就对了——这两者的确自相矛盾。但目前我只能如此。你呢？

37. There are those who have no talent for lying.

有些人不擅说谎。

38."Over the years, I tried to lie," a friend of mine explained, "but I always got found

out and I always got punished. I guess I gave myself away because I feel guilty

about any kind of lying. It looks as if I'm stuck with telling the truth."

“许多年来，我一直试图说谎，”一位朋友解释说，“可我总是露馅，总是为此受罚。我

想人家看出我说谎是因为我一说谎就觉得内疚。看来我只能说真话了。”

39.For those of us, however, who are good at telling lies, for those of us who lie and

don't get caught, the question of whether or not to lie can be a hard and serious moral problem. I liked the remark of a friend of mine who said, "I'm willing to lie. But just as

a last resort — the truth's always better."

可是，对我们这种擅于说谎的人来说，对我们这种说谎又不露馅的人来说，说谎还是

不说谎会成为一个严肃的道德难题。我颇为赞同一位朋友的话，他说，“我愿意说谎。但只把这作为最后一手——真话总比谎话好。”

40."Because," he explained, "though others may completely accept the lie I'm telling, I

don't."

“因为，”他解释说，“哪怕别人对我的谎话完全信以为真，我自己可无法相信。”41.I tend to feel that way too.

本人也有同感。

42.What about you?

你呢？

Take This Fish and Look at It

1 It was more than fifteen years ago that I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz,

and told him I had enrolled my name in theScientificSchoolas a student of natural

history . He asked me a few questions about my object in coming, my antecedents

generally, the mode in which I afterwards proposed to use the knowledge I might

acquire, and, finally, whether I wished to study any special branch. To the latter I replied

that while I wished to be well grounded in all departments of zoology, I purposed to

devote myself especially to insects.

把这条鱼拿去好好看看

塞缪尔 ?斯卡德

我是在 15 余年前进入阿加西兹教授的实验室的，告诉他我已在科学学院注册读博物学。

他略略询问了我来此的目的、我大致的经历、以后准备如何运用所学知识，最后问我是否

希望修习某一特别学科。对最后一个问题我回答说，我希望自己在动物学各个领域都具有

一定的基础，但特别想研究昆虫。

2 "When do you wish to begin?" he asked.

“你想什么时候开始呢？”他问。

3 "Now," I replied.

“就现在，”我回答说。

4 This seemed to please him, and with an energetic "Very well!" he reached from a

shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. "Take this fish," he said, "and look at it;

we call it a haemulon; by and by I will ask what you have seen."

他听了显然挺高兴，劲头十足地说道“很好”，便从架子上取下一个黄色酒精里浸有标本的大罐。“把这条鱼拿去看看，”他说，“我们叫它石鲈。过一会儿我会问你都看到些什么。”

5 With that he left me, but in a moment returned with explicit instructions as to the

care of the object entrusted to me.

说着他走了，但一会儿又回来跟我详细说明如何保管交给我的标本。

6 "No man is fit to be a naturalist," said he, "who does not know how to take care of specimens."

“一个人如果连怎样保护标本都不知道，”他说，“他就不配当博物学家。”

7 I was to keep the fish before me in a tin tray, and occasionally moisten the surface with alcohol from the jar, always taking care to replace the stopper tightly. Those were not the days of ground-glass stoppers and elegantly shaped exhibition jars; all the old students

will recall the huge neckless glass bottles with their leaky, wax-besmeared corks, half

eaten by insects, and begrimed with cellar dust. Entomology was a cleaner science than ichthyology, but the example of the Professor, who had unhesitatingly plunged to the bottom of the jar to produce the fish, was infectious; and though this alcohol had a "very ancient and fishlike smell," I really dared not show any aversion within these sacred precincts, and treated the alcohol as though it were pure water. Still I was conscious of a passing feeling of disappointment, for gazing at a fish did not commend itself to an ardent entomologist. My friends at home, too, were annoyed when they discovered that no amount of eau-de-Cologne would drown the perfume which haunted me like a shadow.

我得把放在一个锡盘里的鱼摆在面前，过一段时间用罐里的酒精润湿它的表面，每次

都要记住把瓶塞塞紧。那个时候还没有毛玻璃瓶塞和外形精美的展示用瓶，过去的大学生

都会记得那种硕大的无颈玻璃瓶，软木瓶塞全是洞孔，涂过蜡，被虫啃去一半，被地下室

的灰尘弄得很脏。昆虫学这门科学比鱼类学干净，可教授没半点犹豫就伸手探入罐底捞出

了鱼，他的榜样颇具感染力。尽管酒精散发着一种“陈腐的鱼腥味”，我却不敢在这神圣的场所流露出丝毫厌恶，只能把酒精当作纯净水对待。但我心头还是感到一丝失望，因为盯

着看一条鱼实非一位满怀热情的昆虫学家之所爱。回家后我的那些朋友也不怎么高兴，他

们发现，用再多的科隆香水也驱不走幽灵般附在我身上的那股异味。

8 Inten minutes I had seen all that could be seen in that fish, and started in search of the Professor — who had, however, left the Museum; and when I returned, after lingering over

some of the odd animals stored in the upper apartment, my specimen was dry all over. I

dashed the fluid over the fish as if to resuscitate the beast from a fainting fit, and looked

with anxiety for a return of the normal sloppy appearance. This little excitement over,

nothing was to be done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my mute

companion. Half an hour passed — an hour — another hour; the fish began to look loathsome.

I turned it over and around; looked it in the face — ghastly; from behind, beneath, above, sideways, at three-quarters' view — just as ghastly. I was in despair; at

an early hour I concluded that lunch was necessary; so, with infinite relief, the fish was carefully replaced in the jar, and for an hour I was free.

才十分钟，我就把那条鱼能看的全都看了个遍，接着开始找教授，他却已经离开了博

物馆。我在楼上存放着奇异动物的房间里转悠了一会儿，等我回去时，我的鱼标本全都干

了。我急忙把酒精洒上去，就像是要把它从昏迷中救醒过来似的，急切地等着它回复到平

时那湿漉漉的样子。一阵小小的兴奋过后就无事可干了，只好继续凝视着我那一言不发的

伙伴。半个小时过去了，一个小时，又是一个小时。看着看着觉得那条鱼讨厌得很。我把

鱼翻来翻去，瞧瞧头部——怪可怕的；再从后面看，从下面、上面、侧面看，再从展示面

部四分之三的角度看——也是怪可怕的。我都绝望了。时间还早，可我觉得应该去吃午饭了，于是我如释重负地把鱼小心翼翼地放回到罐里，便去逍遥了一个小时。

9 On my return, I learned that Professor Agassiz had been at the Museum, but had

gone, and would not return for several hours. My fellow-students were too busy to be disturbed by continued conversation. Slowly I drew forth that hideous fish, and with a

feeling of desperation again looked at it. I might not use a magnifying-glass; instruments

of all kinds were interdicted. My two hands, my two eyes, and the fish: it seemed a most limited field. I pushed my finger down its throat to feel how sharp the teeth were. I began

to count the scales in the different rows, until I was convinced that was nonsense.

At last a happy thought struck me — I would draw the fish; and with surprise I began to discover new features in the creature. Just then the Professor returned.

全新版大学英语综合教程1课后翻译题答案

Unit 1 Growing Up Ⅱ. Translation 1.那是个正规宴会，我照妈妈对我讲的那样穿着礼服去了。（formal） As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2.他的女朋友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯尚未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。（take hold） His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold. 3.他们预料到下几个月电的需求量很大，决定增加生产。（anticipate） Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4.据说比尔因一再违反公司的安全规章而被解雇。（violate） It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. / Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5.据报道地方政府已采取适当措施避免严重缺水（water shortage）的可能性。 （avoid, severe） It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 苏珊（Susan）因车祸失去了双腿。有一段时间，她真不知如何面对自己再也不能行走的事实。 一天，苏珊在浏览杂志时，被一个真实故事吸引住了。那个故事生动地描写了一个残疾（disabled）姑娘是如何成为一位作家的。苏珊读后深受鼓舞，开始相信她最终会成为一个有用的人生活下去。 Inspire vivid scan face up with finally Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Friendship II. Translation 1)半个小时过去了，但末班车还没来。我们只好走路回家。（go by） Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home.

全新版大学英语五翻译答案1--5

我的祖母不识字，可是她有一箩筐的神话和传奇故事。小时候我总是缠着她，要她给我讲故事。而她在忙完家务后，总会把我抱在膝上，一边讲故事一边有节奏地晃动我。这些故事加上她丰富的表情，深深地吸引住了我。 我父母发现了我对故事的浓厚兴趣，不失时机地引导我进行阅读。他们给我买了许多带插图的故事书，有空的时候就一遍遍地读给我听。慢慢地我认识了很多字，能自行阅读了。 直到今天，我还要感谢祖母和双亲。没有他们，我今天不可能成为一名作家。 Although my grandmother was illiterate, she had a good stack of myths and legends. When I was young I gave her no peace, constantly asking her to tell me stories. After she had finished her ho usework, she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories, all the while rocking me in rhythm. These stories and her expressive face appealed profoundly to me. Having noticed my interest in stories, my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading. They b ought many storybooks with illustations, and whenever free, they would read these stories to me over and over again. By and by I had a vocabulary large to read on my own . Today, I still live in gratitude to my grandmother and my parents. Without them, I could never hav e become a writer. Unit 2 Diet 一项又一项的研究发现，食物和一些慢性病之间有密切关系。例如：某些慢性病危险的降低和多吃以食物为基本成分的食物是相关联的。因此，在过去的十年中，美国饮食协会敦促美国人减少动物脂肪的摄取，增加水果、蔬菜和谷物的消费。同时，美国农业部发布了包括食物指导金字塔在内的文件，鼓励人们每天至少吃三道蔬菜和两份水果。但是许多美国人还是没有按照这些建议去做。彼德就是一个很好的例子。他因摄入过量的动物脂肪患了心血管病。尽管医生建议他吃有益于健康的食物，诸如吃以植物为主的食物，但是他非常固执，从不采纳。他说他无法抵挡有肉菜肴的诱惑，他的理想饮食一定要包含肉。人们没有意识到多吃以植物为主的食物的必要性，这使政府更加担心。他们正发起新的运动，以提高人们这方面的认识。今天你吃了多少水果和蔬菜呢？ Study after study has uncovered the fact that there is a close correlation between food and a n umber of chronic diseases. For example, a decreased risk of certain chronic diseases is associated with an increased consumption of plant-based foods. Therefore, in the past, the American Dietet ic Association has urged Americans to reduce their intake of animal fats, and to boost consumptio n of fruits, vegetable, and grains. Meanwhile, the United States Department of Agriculture has rel eased a document containing the food guide pyramid which encourages a minimun of 3 vegetabl es and 2 fruit servings per day. However, many Americans still don’t meet/listen to these recomm endations. A good case in point is Peter. He developed a cardiovascular disease due to an excessiv e intake of animal fats. Athough his doctor suggested he should adopt a healthy diet, such as eati ng plant-based foods, he was too stubborn to listen. He said he couldn’t resist the temptation of dishes with meat and that meat would always feature prominently in his ideal diet. People’s lack of awareness of the need to eat more plant-based foods has heightened the government’s conce rn and it is launching a new campaign to increase pulic awareness in this area. Well, how much fr uit and vegetable have you eaten today?

新世纪大学英语综合教程5-8单元课后翻译以及课文56单元翻译

1)He consults for our company and we often consult him when we encounter problems in our work. 2)Don’t try to cheat--- you’ll never get away with it. 3)My father is always optimistic, regardless of the difficulties that he may face. He is a positive role model for us. 4)This novel describes the ups and downs of a big family during China’s 1920’s and 1930’s. 5)It is not enough to act in good faith. We also need to act reasonably. 6)You may score good marks by burning the midnight oil before the exams, but in the long run you have to study hard every day to achieve academic excellence. 7)Don’t stare at the computer screen for too long. Raise your eyes once in a while and look into the distance. 8)It’s to your advantage to learn from the mistakes of others. U6 1)It is only by trail and error that we learn and progress / make progress. 2)You should know that the education of the heart is very important. It will distinguish you from others. 3) A person who strives for perfection tends to have a low threshold of pain. Things around bother them. 4)They regard honesty as a matter of principle and they are willing to sacrifice everything for its sake. 5)People judge you by the company you keep. You are inviting trouble if you get into bad company. 6)Speaking your mind without regard to other pe ople’s feelings is not a virtue. 7)Her sensitivity exposes her to more suffering and pain than ordinary people can imagine. 8)8)We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment. U7 1)We have worked together for a long time and have never let our differing opinions get in the way of our friendship. 2)This agreement will pave the way for a lasting peace between the two countries. 3)They usually don’t mention their requirements until you are beginning to let your defenses down. 4)You should have the courage fo r face your own mistakes. Don’t try to shift the blame onto others when things go wrong. 5)If you are more often than not affected by fear and worry, you will find this book very useful. 6)Now that I have accepted the position, I shall certainly do to the best of my ability all that is required of me. 7)If you don’t have a plan of what you will do every day, chances are high that you won’t do much. 8)Great minds think alike. Your ideas are completely in line with his.

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文及翻译

One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?

英语 大学英语综合教程2 翻译

一The rumor of the divorce was nothing but a means of hype for his new movie 离婚 他孤注一掷，用父母留给他的所有钱来开一家工厂。 He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the mone y his parents had left him. After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph.（赢得那场重要的比赛后） 4) 在全球化热潮中，我们要提防不同文化的冲突 In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures. 在这种情况下In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 6) 这婴儿非常健康。The baby is the very picture of health. 7) 人们已经意识到儿童接触有关暴力和色情电视节目的危害。 People have realized the dangers of exposing children to vio lence and sex on TV. 8) 我们始终考虑到我们是在为谁制作这部影片。(have in mind) We always had in mind for whom we were making the film.三单元 2他在中学教书，但也兼职些翻译来取外快。 He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work o n the side to bring extra money 3自信是件好事，但自信与自员是有区别的 it's good to be confident (about yourself), but there is a differen ce between confidence and conceit 4．只有坚持到底的人才会成功。半运而度的人永远也无法实现梦想。 Only those who stick it out can achieve success Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams 5一个真正的英雄有勇气，有高尚的目标，而且乐于奉献 A true hero possesses/has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices 6任何人只要章起这本小说读了第一段，敦会发现很难把它放下。 Anyone who picked up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down 7从某中意义上说，生活就像游冰。如果总是扶任池边，就也学不会。 In a sense, life is like swimming. if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you will never learn 3一个民族的前在很大程度上取决于其数育与培训的质量 The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training 二 1只有那些有过类似经历的人，オ能够完全理解这一点。 Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully ap preciate this. 3我更特别感谢每一个在这些年来以不同方式做出了贡献的人 i'd like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contribut ed over the years in one way or another

全新版大学英语综合教程5翻译中英文对照

多数科学家不再怀疑世界正在变暖，也不再怀疑是人类改变了气候。他们认为全球气候变暖对这个星球及其居住者的长期影响将是灾难的。而且，气候变化不会平稳地过渡到一个较为暖和的世界。一些地区将受到气候急速变化的严重影响。人口密集的大片地区如佛罗里达沿海地带将无法居住。千百万居民将不得不迁移到安全地区。因此,全球变暖出现在世界领袖们的议事日程这上也就不足为奇了。 6 罗伯特·李的父亲的生活一直为投资不当所困扰，他两次因欠债不还而入狱，最终被迫逃离美国。李的母亲对李的个性影响最大。面对丈夫那让人痛心的失败，她决心绝不让这个悲剧在孩子身上重演。她将美德灌输给李，如自制力、责任心以及不屈不挠的精神。1825年，怀着挽回家族荣誉的强烈愿望，李开始了在西点军校的学习。这是他生活中的一个新篇章。四年里，他门门功课名列前茅。

赌徒的家人经常付出高昂的代价。他们不但要忍受一夜之间失去财富的痛苦，而且时常感到极度沮丧和无望。 一项全国性的调查发现，200多万成年人认为其配偶的赌博行为是他们先前离婚的重要原因。密西西比州一个县的离婚数目在賭场出现后较从前几乎增加了两倍。该县还见证了赌场出现后家庭暴力事件的攀升。 大量的事实表明，法律许可的赌博其蔓延之势毁灭了个人，葬送了家庭，增加了犯罪，最终给社会造成的损失远远大于政府从中征得的税收岁入。 8 亨利，一个看上去体质虚弱的五十岁男子，比他那体魄强健的妻子玛丽年长20岁。大家都认为他会死在他妻子前面，所以没有一个人，包括亨利自己在内，预见到玛丽会突然意想不到地去世。有好几个星期，他都非常痛苦，人的样子也全都变了。他甚至想到天堂与妻子重新团聚是不是会更好。虽然我们每个人都表示了极大的同情，但考虑到他一家人的安宁和隐私，我们都认为在这个时候如果没有受到邀请而去打扰他们是不合适的。

大学英语综合教程5课文翻译

One Writer's Beginnings 1 I learned from the age of two or three that any room in our house, at any time of day, was there to read in, or to be read to. My mother read to me. She'd read to me in the big bedroom in the mornings, when we were in her rocker together, which ticked in rhythm as we rocked, as though we had a cricket accompanying the story. She'd read to me in the dining room on winter afternoons in front of the coal fire, with our cuckoo clock ending the story with "Cuckoo", and at night when I'd got in my own bed. I must have given her no peace. Sometimes she read to me in the kitchen while she sat churning, and the churning sobbed along with any story. It was my ambition to have her read to me while I churned; once she granted my wish, but she read off my story before I brought her butter. She was an expressive reader. When she was reading "Puss in Boots," for instance, it was impossible not to know that she distrusted all cats. 作家起步时 我从两三岁起就知道，家中随便在哪个房间里，白天无论在什么时间，都可以念书或听 人念书。母亲念书给我听。上午她都在那间大卧室里给我念，两人一起坐在她那把摇椅里， 我们摇晃时，椅子发出有节奏的滴答声，好像有只唧唧鸣叫的蟋蟀在伴着读故事。冬 日午后，她常在餐厅里烧着煤炭的炉火前给我念，布谷鸟自鸣钟发出“咕咕”声时，故事便结束了；晚上我在自己床上睡下后她也给我念。想必我是不让她有一刻清静。有时她在厨 房里一边坐着搅制黄油一边给我念，故事情节就随着搅制黄油发出的抽抽搭搭的声响不断展开。我的奢望是她念我来搅拌；有一次她满足了我的愿望，可是我要听的故事她念完了，她 要的黄油我却还没弄好。她念起故事来富有表情。比如，她念《穿靴子的猫》时，你就没法 不相信她对猫一概怀疑。 2 It had been startling and disappointing to me to find out that story books had been written by people, that books were not natural wonders, coming up of themselves like grass. Yet regardless of where they came from, I cannot remember a time when I was not in love with them — with the books themselves, cover and binding and the paper they were printed on, with their smell and their weight and with their possession in my arms, captured and carried off to myself. Still illiterate, I was ready for them, committed to all the reading I could give them. 当我得知故事书原来是人写出来的，书本原来不是什么大自然的奇迹，不像草那样自生 自长时，真是又震惊又失望。不过，姑且不论书本从何而来，我不记得自己有什么时候 不爱书——书本本身、封面、装订、印着文字的书页，还有油墨味、那种沉甸甸的感觉， 以及把书抱在怀里时那种将我征服、令我陶醉的感觉。还没识字，我就想读书了，一心想 读所有的书。

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2课文

BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式

我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。

新世纪大学英语综合教程1翻译答案(全)

(1)这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl)，更不要说走了。(let alone) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk! (2)威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。(claim, in one’s opinion） Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3)一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。(to a certain extent, relate …to …, cope with） To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4)根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。(according to） According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5)有些人想当然地认为日语(Japanese)中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。(assume, equivalent) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6)我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。(relevant) We have passed all relevant information on to the police. (7)关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用，因为我是不会回答你的。(it’s no use) There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won't answer. (8)事先没有仔细阅读合同(contract)就签了名是吉姆的错误。(on one’s part) It was a mistake on Jim's part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. (9)他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。(provide …with) They refused to provide us with all the information we need. (10) 这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。(similar to) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11)这部影片是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。(base on) The film is based on a play by Shakespeare (12)如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职时就一定比别人更有优势。(have an advantage over) If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job.

《全新版大学英语》综合教程5课后翻译

Unit 1 Love of Reading 我的祖母不识字，可是她有一箩筐的神话和传奇故事。小时候我总是缠着她，要她给我讲故事。而她在忙完家务后，总会把我抱在膝上，一边讲故事一边有节奏地晃动我。 我父母发现了我对故事的浓厚兴趣，不失时机地引导我进行阅读。他们给我买了许多带插图的故事书，有空的时候就一遍遍地读给我听。慢慢地我认识了很多字，能自行阅读了。 Although my grandmother was illiterate, she had a good stack of myths and legends. When I was young I gave her no peace, constantly asking her to tell me stories. After she had finished her housework, she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories, all the while rocking me in rhythm. Having noticed my interest in stories, my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading. They bought many storybooks with illustrations, and whenever free, they would read these stories to me over and over again. By and by I had a vocabulary large to read on my own . Unit 2 Diet 一项又一项的研究发现，食物和一些慢性病之间有密切关系。例如：某些慢性病危险的降低和多吃以食物为基本成分的食物是相关联的。因此，在过去的十年中，美国饮食协会敦促美国人减少动物脂肪的摄取，增加水果、蔬菜和谷物的消费。同时，美国农业部发布了包括食物指导金字塔在内的文件，鼓励人们每天至少吃三道蔬菜和两份水果。但是许多美国人还是没有按照这些建议去做。 Study after study has uncovered the fact that there is a close correlation between food and a number of chronic diseases. For example, a decreased risk of certain chronic diseases is associated with an increased consumption of plant-based foods. Therefore, in the past, the American Dietetic Association has urged Americans to reduce their intake of animal fats, and to boost consumption of fruits, vegetable, and grains. Meanwhile, the United States Department of Agriculture has released a document containing the food guide pyramid which encourages a 页脚内容1

全新版大学英语综合教程5课文翻译

Unit 1 PartⅡTextAOne Writer's Beginnings 作家起步时 我从两三岁起就知道，家中随便在哪个房间里，白天无论在什么时间，都可以念书或听人念书。母亲念书给我听。上午她都在那间大卧室里给我念，两人一起坐在她那把摇椅里，我们摇晃时，椅子发出有节奏的滴答声，好像有只唧唧鸣叫的蟋蟀在伴着读故事。 冬日午后，她常在餐厅里烧着煤炭的炉火前给我念，布谷鸟自鸣钟发出“咕咕”声时，故事便结束了；晚上我在自己床上睡下后她也给我念。想必我是不让她有一刻清静。有时她在厨房里一边坐着搅制黄油一边给我念，故事情节就随着搅制黄油发出的抽抽搭搭的声响不断展开。我的奢望是她念我来搅拌；有一次她满足了我的愿望，可是我要听的故事她念完了，她要的黄油我却还没弄好。她念起故事来富有表情。比如，她念《穿靴子的猫》时，你就没法不相信她对猫一概怀疑。 当我得知故事书原来是人写出来的，书本原来不是什么大自然的奇迹，不像草那样自生自长时，真是又震惊又失望。不过，姑且不论书本从何而来，我不记得自己有什么时候不爱书——书本本身、封面、装订、印着文字的书页，还有油墨味、那种沉甸甸的感觉，以及把书抱在怀里时那种将我征服、令我陶醉的感觉。还没识字，我就想读书了，一心想读所有的书。 我的父母都不是来自那种买得起许多书的家庭。然而，虽然买书准得花去他不少薪金，作为一家成立不久的保险公司最年轻的职员，父亲一直在精心挑选、不断订购他和母亲认为儿童成长应读的书。他们购书首先是为了我们的前程。 除了客厅里有一向被称作“图书室”的书橱，餐厅的窗子下还有几张摆放百科全书的桌子和一个字典架。这里有伴随我们在餐桌旁争论着长大的《韦氏大词典》、《哥伦比亚百科全书》、《康普顿插图百科全书》、《林肯资料文库》，以及后来的《知识库》。“图书馆”书橱里的书没过多久我就能读了——我的确读了，全都读了，按着顺序，一排接着一排读，从最上面的书架一直读到

全新版大学英语综合教程unit课文翻译

Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人 彼得·甘贝尔 威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and