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雅思阅读专项长难句讲义及练习教程文件

雅思阅读专项长难句讲义及练习教程文件
雅思阅读专项长难句讲义及练习教程文件

雅思阅读专项长难句讲义及练习

Understanding IELTS Grammar ---Solution to Long & Complicated Sentences

●长难句成因:

“树形结构”:

?修饰成分纷繁复杂

?主从句交织

?特殊句式

●Strategies for Long & Complicated Sentences:

一、主从复合句解析

1.名词性从句

2.定语从句

3.状语从句

4.多重复合句

二、特殊结构句式解析

1. 分隔结构

2. 倒装结构

3. 强调结构

4. 双重或者多重否定

5. 比较结构

一、主从复合句解析

1.名词性从句

1.1 主语从句

?Looking at the picture makes him experience a severe attack of nostalgia.

?For her, a woman, to defy her husband’s order would be considered audacious at her time.

?What bothers me about this point of view is that it implies that human beings, in some deep sense, are not part of nature.

?That he is in love with her is no longer a secret.

主语从句解读方法:

●主语从句引导词:

Practice:

(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. (2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.

(3)Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.

(4)Who the watch belongs to is unknown.

(5)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.

(6)What caused the accident remains unknown.

(7)What we need is time.

(8)What we need are good doctors.

(9)Whatever you did is right.

Example 1:

That the nineteenth– century French novelist Balzac could be financially wise in his fiction while losing all his money in his life was an irony which was duplicated in other matters.

Example 2:

That such radical adaptations can occur demands a view of the brain as dynamic and active rather than programmed and static.

Example 3:

However, it can not be denied that it was Smith who introduced such a target for later novelists.

Further Practice:

1. It is common knowledge that the full moon brings fair weather.

2. It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question.

3. It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.

4. It is probable that he has known everything.

5. It appeared that he had a taste for music.

6. It made us very happy that she was saved

7. It remains unknown when they are going to get married.

8. It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe.

9. It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.

1.2. 宾语从句(object clause)

引导词:

Example 1:

A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

Example 2:

Yet new findings in neuroscience suggest that the brain retains its ability to reorganize itself in response to experience or injury throughout life: after the loss of sensory input from an amputated limb, for example, adults are able to learn new motor skills effectively.

Example 3:

Art historian Kenneth Clarke, for example, writing in 1973, could not accept that the Mona Lisa was famous for reasons other than its inner qualities.

Example 4:

The study on rats, kittens, and mice may, for instance, provide a physiological explanation for why infant animals employ in their play the same kinds of behavior that they will later use as adults.

1.3 表语从句

引导词:who, how, when, as, whether

Example:

The key issue in judging overpopulation is not how many people can fit into any given space but whether Earth can supply the population’s long-term requirement for food, water, and other resources.

Practice:

The miracle is how they all cooperate, and are integrated together, in the creation of a self.

1.4 同位语从句

Example:

He was surprised at the fact that he had passed the IELTS examination.

先行词:

破解关键:

Example 1:

There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of man’s hands and will master them all in the end.

Example 2:

The belief that it is harmful to the black community for authors to explore the humanity of our leaders can have troubling effects.

Example 3:

【剑3】In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions.

Example 4:

【剑3】This attitude altered with the realization that marginal communities can survive and adapt in spite of partial integration in to a notoriously fickle world economy.

Practices:

I take further comfort in the fact that human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work during the 5000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statue of Anne, the world’s first modern copyright law, passed the British parliament.

According to James, a child’s first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. [剑9]

2.定语从句

引导词:

Which:

Like the slaves, women took literally the preamble of the Declaration of Independence, which states that all men are created equal.

Libraries made education possible,and education in its turn added to libraries;the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law,which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.

That:

With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem that cannot be solved in a few hours.

Often, the chi ldren’s disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. [剑9]

There is something, they argue, inside the painting that speaks to us all, that unleashes feelings, emotion, and recognition.

关系代词that的省略:

Because the potential talent John has is obvious, he is going to be elected as the president.

Another powerful source of information for infants about the effects they can have on the world around them is provided when others mimic them.

Who:

The student who is answering the question is John.

The person who was here yesterday is a musician.

Whom:

In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.

Whose:

Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.

关系副词:

When:

She will never forget the day when she got married.

Where:

One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.

Why:

Give me one reason why we should help you.

复杂定语从句:介词/介词短语+引导词

This is the desk on which I found my book.

The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.

The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home. His book vividly illustrates the intensity with which nineteenth-century America protested the intrusion the forces of industrialization and urbanization.

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之前和大家分享了如何看长难句的方法和技巧,相信通过这篇文章的雅思真题阅读部分例句,同学们能有一个更深入的理解。小试牛刀,找找看懂长难句的感觉吧! 一.名词性从句 主语从句: It was once assumed [that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more dispersal in the population]. (剑6) 宾语从句: This is not just because of the importance of English-speaking countries such as the USA in scientific research; the scientists of many non-English-speaking countries find [that they need to write their research papers in English to reach a wide international audience].(剑5) 表语从句: One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is [that better-educated people are likely to live longer]. (剑6) 同位语从句: There is a widespread belief [that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out (where cars are the only viable transport)]. (剑6) 主语从句+同位语从句: But [that their minds are not different from our own] is demonstrated by the fact [that the hard-won discoveries of scientists like Kepler or Einstein become common place knowledge of school children] and [the once outrageous shapes and colors of an artist like Paul Klee so soon appear on the fabrics we wear.] (剑8) *第一个that 引导主语从句。第二个that 引导了同位语从句,其中包含由and 连接的两部分组成,说明the fact 的内容。另外,句末是一个省略了关系代词that 或which 的关系从句,也叫定语从句。 注:本文中一律称之为关系从句。 二.关系从句 1. Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the height of genius. (剑5) 2. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. (剑5) 3. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. (剑6) 4. In the Glass and Singer study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they work on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and other heard soft bursts. (剑7) *此句其实是一个由and 连接的并列句some subjects heard loud bursts and other heard soft bursts. 介词短语In the Glass and Singer study 作状语。In which 引导关系从句修饰先行词the Glass and Signer study. 三.状语从句

雅思阅读长难句

英语的基本句式结构其实很简单:主谓宾和主系表。主谓宾是“谁-做-什么”,例如:比如“羊吃草”;“洁白可爱的小绵羊蹦蹦跳跳欢快活泼地在一望无垠的广阔草原上幸福愉快地吃着鲜嫩碧绿的青草”一样也是主谓宾,只不过多了一些修饰的词,句子的核心意思还是“羊吃草”。主系表是“谁-是-什么”,同主谓宾一样。在阅读中我们要很快的找出核心句子,不用每句话的意思都懂,但要知道这句话要表达的核心意思,即找到主谓宾或主系表的主体。 并列平行结构 在一个较长的句子中,并列平行的部分可能是几个独立的句子,也可能是几个并列的短语成分或者从句。如果并列平行的部分是几个独立的句子,也叫“并列句“。所以说,“并列平行结构”是一个更广泛的概念。本篇主要讲解并列平行的部分是几个并列的短语成分或者从句的这种情况。 中文:进一步展望未来,通过这个新时代所产生的巨大财富和新技术的结合.人类可望在太空建立一个浩大的可供千万人居住的世界。 英文:Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power. 结构分析:Combination of中的of有两个宾语:一是the great wealth,受定语从句this new age will bring的修饰,另一个是the technology,受定语从句it will provide的修饰:主句中的home to thousands or millions of people为world的同位语。

雅思阅读长难句4

雅思阅读长难句4 1. whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 2. how well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 3. there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 4. furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 5. what could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body Rhythms.

解析雅思阅读之分析长难句答案

1. An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out. 2. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting. 3. Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure. 4. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields. 5. One form of pollution –the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming –does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. 6. Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority. 7. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways. 8. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality. 9. Yet a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.

实力干货 雅思阅读长难句翻译练习

实力干货 | 雅思阅读长难句翻译练习 1、As my own studies have advanced,I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem,at first glance,to constitute such an immense gulf between them. 随着我的研究不断深入,我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻,而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠,虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法愈越的鸿沟。 2、Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels,bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. 《黑人小说》考察了极为广泛的一系列小说,在此过程中让我们注意到了某些引人入胜但却鲜为人知的作品,如詹姆斯。韦尔登。约翰逊(James Weldon Johnson)的《一个曾经是有色人的自传》(Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man)。 3、In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance,that is,in the late spring and in the summer, Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates,for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes,respectively,of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production. 在浮游动物数量激增的高峰期,亦即在春季后期以及夏季,哈尼记录了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率,对于营养物不充足的湖和沼泽湖而言,分别为每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%.

雅思阅读长难句式4

46. Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority. 因此,在该解释中,对象将自己独特的人格以及个人和道德编码融入更大的制度结构之中,放弃了个性特点,比如忠诚、忘我和纪律,来服务于恶意的权威系统。 47. In purely scientific terms, Baekeland’s major contribution to the field is not so much the actual discovery of the material to which he gave his name, but rather the method by which a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde could be controlled, thus making possible its preparation on a commercial basis. 如果用纯粹的科学语言描述,贝克兰对该领域的主要贡献实际上并不是发现了由他命名的材料,而是发现了控制苯酚和甲醛之间化学反应的方法,因此使此配制品的商业化成为可能。 48. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors` marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material. 然而,最近它又经历了一次“复兴”,在收藏品市场再次出现了对最初的酚醛塑料制品的需求,而博物馆、研究协会和一些爱好者又重新开始欣赏这种新型材料的风格和原创性。49. But most modern humor theorists have settled on some version of Aristotle`s belief that jokes are based on a reaction to or resolution of incongruity, when the punchline is either a nonsense or, though appearing silly, has a clever second meaning. 但是,大多数现代幽默理论家承袭了亚里士多德的观点,认为笑话是当妙语是一句胡闹的话,或者看起来很愚笨却有另外一层聪明意思的时候,人们对不协调氛围的一种反应或解决。50. The orbital cortex, the region that becomes active in Goel`s experiment, seems the best candidate for the site that feeds such feelings into higher-level thought process, with its close connections to the brain`s sub-cortical arousal apparatus and centers of metabolic control. 在Goel的实验中变得活跃起来的与眼睛有关的皮层似乎是把这些情感传感送给更高层次的思维程序的最佳选择,因为它与大脑亚皮层的觉醒装置和控制新陈代谢的中枢都有非常密切的联系。 51. All warm-blooded animals make constant tiny adjustments in arousal in response to external events, but humans, who have developed a much more complicated internal life as a result of language, respond emotionally not only to their surroundings, but to their own thoughts. 所有暖血动物都会经常根据外界的变化对自己的觉醒度做出调整,但是人类由于拥有语言而发展出了一套更加复杂的内部活动机制,从而不但对他们的环境,也对他们自己的思想做出情绪反应。 52. When the Aswan dams were constructed in the 26th century to provide electricity and irrigation, and to protect the huge population center of Cairo and surrounding areas from annual flooding and drought, most of the sediment with its natural fertilizer accumulated up above the dam in the southern, upstream half of Lake Nasser, instead of passing down to the delta. 为了提供电力和灌溉,同时也为了使开罗这个人口稠密中心以及周边地区免受洪灾和干旱之苦,在20世纪建成阿斯旺大坝。当大坝建成之后,大量蕴含天然肥料的沉积物在位于纳塞尔人工湖南部的大坝里往上聚积,不再顺流而下,流至三角洲。 53. When hill-farmers, for example, can make more money in a few weeks working as porters for foreign trekkers than they can in a year working in their fields, it is not surprising that many of them give up their farm-work, which is thus left to other members of the family. 比如,山民为外国徒步旅行的人当几个星期的挑夫,赚的钱就比他在田地里干一年活赚的还

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