考研英语作文超全笔记

英语作文（英一&&英二）超全笔记

题型及注意事项

一、题型（40min）

（一）大作文：图画、图表作文25min 150-200

（二）小作文 15min 100

1.Letter

（1）公务书信（不熟的人）

（2）私人书信（熟悉的人）

2.告示 notice

二、评分原则与方法

（一）书写工整、卷面整洁、字迹清晰

（二）?注意：

1.单词、语法第一位：正确、准确、多变

2.结构第二位

三段论

句子之间多用逻辑关系词

多用代词代替已经出现过的名词

3.内容不重要，用来凑字数（积极向上）

三、考研写作常见问题

（一）语域问题：语言的正式性与非正式性

1.缩写词不正式

2.泛指的不定代词 you 不正式，正式文体常用 one 代替

eg：One(You) never know what measures the president will take.

3.正式文体的引导词 that 不可以省略

4.插入语使句子更正式

状语；

同位语

（二）语法常见问题

1.名词单复数：可数名词不可单独使用，要?冠词或者变复数，分不清就? the

2.主谓一致

3. 时态

以一般现在时为主

描述图画经常用现在进行时

描述图标经常用一般过去时

举例子经常用一般过去时

4.词性误用

5.中文思维

四、注意

图中有文字一定要仔细看

高分亮点

一、高分词句

随着人们生活水平的提高

With people's living standards improving, …..

随着全球化的深入

With deepening globalization, …..

提升解决问题的能力

improve their problem-solving skills

提高外语水平

improve their foreign language proficiency

经常锻炼

regularly take exercises / exercise on a regular basis

养成阅读的习惯

develop the habit of reading

勇敢面对并战胜困难

bravely face and conquer their di?iculties

保护环境/提高环保意识

protect the environment /improve their awareness of environmental protection 节约能源

save energy

更好地了解外国文化

have a better understanding of foreign cultures

为自己的传统文化感到骄傲

be proud of/celebrate/embrace traditional culture

对父母孝顺

be filial to their parents

随着经济的繁荣

with the booming of the economy

随着人民生活水平的显著提高

with the remarkable improvement of people's living standard

先进的科学技术

advanced science and technology

为我们日常生活增添了情趣

add much spice/flavor to our daily life

人们普遍认为

It is commonly believed that..

我同意前者后者观点

I give my vote to the former/latter opinion.

引起了广泛的公众关注

sth has aroused wide public concern/sth has drawn great public attention 不可否认

It is undeniable that..

热烈的讨论争论

a heated discussion/debate

有争议性的问题

a controversial issue

就我而言就个人而言

As far as l am concerned，/Personally，

有充分的理由支持

be supported by sound reasons

双方的论点

argument on both sides

发挥日益重要作用

play an increasingly important role in.

对必不可少

be indispensable to.

正如谚语所说

As the proverb goes：

对产生有利不利的影响

exert positive/negative e?ects on.

利远远大于弊

The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages

导致引起

lead to/give rise to/contribute to/result in 复杂的社会现象

a complicated social phenomenon

责任感成就感

sense of responsibility/achievement

竞争与合作精神

sense of competition and cooperation

开阔眼界

widen one's horizon/broaden one's vision 学习知识和技能

acquire knowledge and skills

经济心理负担

financial burden/psychological burden 考虑到诸多因素

take many factors into consideration

从另一个角度

from another perspective

做出共同努力

make joint e?orts

对有益

be beneficial to/be conducive to.…

为社会做贡献

make contributions to the society

打下坚实的基础

lay a solid foundation for..

综合素质

comprehensive quality

致力于投身于

be committed/devoted to.…

应当承认

Admittedly，

不可推卸的义务

unshakable duty

满足需求

satisfy/meet the needs of..

可靠的信息源

a reliable source of information

宝贵的自然资源

valuable natural resources

因特网

the Internet

方便快捷

convenient and e?icient

在人类生活的方方面面

in all aspects of human life

环保的材料

environmentally friendly materials

社会进步的体现

a symbol of society progress

大大方便了人们的生活

eth has greatly facilitated people's lives.

对这一问题持有不同态度

hold di?erent attitudes towards this issue

在一定程度上

to some extent

理论和实践相结合

integrate theory with practice

必然趋势

an irresistible trend of..

日益激烈的社会竞争

the increasingly keen social competition

眼前利益

immediate interest/short-term interest

长远利益

long-term interest

有其自身的优缺点

has its own merits and demerits/pros and cons 对有害

do harm to/be harmful to/be detrimental to 交流思想情感信息

exchange ideas/emotions/information

跟上的最新发展

keep pace with/keep abreast with the latest development of..

的健康发展

the healthy development of..

重视

attach great importance to..

社会地位

social status

把时间和精力放在上

focus one's time and energy on.…

扩大知识面

expand one's scope of knowledge

身心两方面

both physically and mentally

有直接间接关系

be directly/indirectly related to..

导致很多问题

give rise to/lead to/spell various problems

可以替代think的词

Think/believe，claim，maintain，argue，insist，hold the opinion/belief/view that 缓解压力减轻负担

relieve stress/burden

优先考虑发展

give（top）priority to sth

与比较

compared with.…/in comparison with

可降解的可分解的材料

degradable/decomposable material

代替

replace/substitute/take the place of

提供就业机会

o?er job opportunities

反映了社会进步的

mirror the social progress/advance

增进相互了解

enhance/promote mutual understanding

充分利用

make full use of/take advantage of

承受更大的工作压力

su?er from heavier work pressure

保障社会稳定和繁荣

guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society 更多地强调

put more emphasis on.…

适应社会发展

adapt oneself to the social development

实现梦想

realize one's dream

主要理由列举如下

The main/leading reasons are listed as follows：

我们还有很长的路要走

We still have a long way to go.

二、同义替换

人们 (Those who)

people=individuals

大多数人

many people=a majority of people

很多（修饰不可数名词）

a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of

很多（可数名词）

a great number of=a large quantity of=considerable amount of

丰富的，大量的

plentiful=abundant

贵的

expensive=pricy

东西，物品

thing=item

人类

humans=human beings=human race

有助于（动词）

benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to

危害（动词）

harm=damage=endanger=undermine

有好处的（形容词）

beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)

有害的（形容词）

harmful=detrimental=damaging

教育

education=schooling

认为

think=believe=hold

反对

oppose=object to=be against

支持

support=be in favor of=be for

对我来说

as for me=as far as I am concerned

我的观点是

in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=personally

随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词）

as …develops=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…advances 很快（副词）

quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate

此外（提出新信息）

in addition=besides=furthermore=moreover

因为（加句子）

because=as=for=since

因为（加名词）

because of=due to=owing to

原因（名词）前面可以与(for)搭配

reasons=factors

因此

so=thus=as a result=therefore=consequently=accordingly

然而

however=nevertheless

第一

first=in the first place

另外一方面

on the one hand=in one aspect

考虑到（介词短语，加名词后加逗号）

in view of=considering=in the respect of=in light of

取代（动词）

replace=substitute

喜欢（注意词性）

like=enjoy=be fond of=be fascinated with=prefer

欢乐，享受（名词）

pleasure=enjoyment

不喜欢、厌烦

hate=dislike=be fed up with=be bored with

无聊的，枯燥的

monotonous=dull and boring=tedious

令人愉快的，享受的

pleasant=enjoyable

快捷的，效率高的

fast=e?icient(e?iciently)

优点

advantage=merit=strength=pros

缺点

disadvantage=demerit=weakness=cons=drawback

如果，在......情况下

if=on condition that=under the circumstance that

只要

as long as=provided that…

影响（动词）

influence=a?ect

影响，冲击（名词）

e?ect=influence=impact

有利的，好的

favorable=good

不好的，负面的

negative=unfavorable=bad

谈到…的时候（短语，后加逗号）

speaking of=talking about=when it comes to…

总而言之（后加逗号）

in summary=to sum up=to conclude=in the final analysis

花费（名词，第一个可数，第二个不可数）expense=spending

时代

age=time=era

改进，提高（动词）

improve=enhance

减轻（动词）

ease=relieve=alleviate

开发，培养（动词）

develop=cultivate=foster

提供（动词）

o?er=provide=supply

机会，opp指“好的机会”

chance=opportunity

导致（动词）

lead to=cause=give rise to=result in

缺少（动词）

lack=be short of

短缺（名词）

shortage=scarcity

资助（动词）

fund=subsidize

贫穷的/缺钱的（形容人）

poor=impoverished=sb./sth with a tight budget 落后的（形容地区）

underdeveloped=backward area

浪费（动词）

waste=lavish

时髦的（形容词）

trendy=stylish

时尚

fashion= vogue= trend

房子，住所

houses=shelters

税收，第二个指国税

tax=revenue

收入（注意何时加s）

income=earnings

同样地(用于比较)另外一方面/与之对比/相反的（用于对比）likely=similarly in the other hand=by contrast=on the contrary 改变，重新塑造（动词）

change=reshape

减少（动词）

decrease=decline

增长(只能在前面加主语)

increase=grow=rise=soar

下降(只能在前面加主语)

drop=fall =decrease=decline

重要的

important=significant=crucial=of importance=vital

必要的，必不可少的

necessary=essential=indispensable

修饰动词

more and more=increasingly

修饰名词

more and more=an increasing number of…

比…好（形容词）

better than=superior to

加速，使…迅速发展（动词）

speed up=accelerate

资本（名词）

fund-capital

购买（动词）

buy-purchase

消除（动词）

get rid of=do away with=eliminate

(修饰动词)

a lot, very much , greatly=considerably, significantly, dramatically 相对地，比较而言地

relatively=comparatively

提议

suggestion=proposal

提议，提倡（动词）

propose=advocate

争议性的（注意词的位置）

controversial…=….in dispute

趋势

trend=tendency

担忧，令人担忧（既是动词也是名词）

worry=concern

家庭

family=household

解决（动词）

solve=tackle

实施（动词）

carry out=implement

各种各样的（表示种类繁多）

many=a wide range of=a diversity of

不同的/不一样（动词）

be di?erent=vary=di?er

严重的（形容词）

serious=severe

方法

method=approach

方式

way of…=means of…

经济的

financial=economic

数不清的

numerous=countless

令人惊讶的

surprising=staggering

便宜的

cheap=inexpensive

拥挤（名词）

jam=congestion

三、高分词

注意：第一行是低分词，第二行是高分替换词

superb, brilliant, outstanding, awesome bad 坏的

adverse, evil, terrible, horrible

old 老的

old-fashioned, outdated, antiquated, archaic strange 陌生的

eccentric, peculiar, odd, weird

short 短的

transient, short-lived

forever 永远

for good, perpetually

di?erent 不同的

unique, distinctive, dissimilar

do 做

conduct, carry out, execute

see 看见

witness, observe, spot, glimpse increase 增加，提高

soar, escalate, double, triple

walk 走

wander, stride, sneak, creep

learn 学习

acquire, review, master

get 取得

obtain, attain

help 帮助

assist, aid

mean 意思是

suggest, indicate, imply, symbolize picture 图画

drawing, painting, cartoon

big 大的

immense, enormous, tremendous

cause 引起

give rise to, trigger, result in, arouse

produce, create, develop

rich 丰富的

wealthy, a?luent, ample

cheap 便宜的

economical, inexpensive, a?ordable

common 普遍的

widespread, prevalent

change 改变

transform, alter, modify

people 人

individuals, adolescents, adults

famous 著名的

renowned, celebrated, distinguished, prominent think 想

suppose, claim, maintain, presume, assume keep 保存

preserve, conserve

break 破坏

undermine, jeopardize, devastate

四、of形式形容词

very important 非常重要的

of great importance

very di?icult 非常困难的

of great di?iculty

very beautiful 非常美丽的

of great beauty

very useful 非常有用的

of great use

very helpful 非常有帮助的

of great help

very harmful 非常有害的

of great harm

very valuable 非常有价值的

of great value

very significant 至关重要的

of great significance

very necessary 非常必要的

of great necessity

五、简单句

（一）被动

1.只要中文听到：我们、人们、大家、有人、许多人、越来越多的人等人称代词为主语

时，均可考虑写成被动

eg我们应该孝敬父母

Parents should be respected by us

parents：superiors；the elderly；senior citizens

should：ought to；be supposed to；be obliged to（有责任、义务做）

us/we/people

n 泛指：

human beings；private individuals；the folks；all children and adults；all human

beings；men and women in all walks

n 一类群体：

teenagers and youngsters（年轻人）；experts and professors（专家）；

undergraduates（大学生）；youngsters on campus（大学生）

eg.我们不应该盲目追星

Superstars was not supposed to be persued blindly by teenagers and youngsters.

not：never；by no means；under no circumstance；fail to do

2.本句型推荐写在第一段的最后一句话，用来引出文章中心时使用；或是在第三段第

一句文章总结时使用

污染很严重

The pollution is thought very serious by more and more of experts and professors.

more and more：an increasing amount of

think w：assum；hold；argue；contend；presume；insist；maintain；

assert；claim p：be of the opinion that；have been convinced that；cling to the

perspective that

very：pretty；quite；rather；distinctly；outstandingly；remarkably；

exceedingly；especially；extraordinarily；enormously

serious：grave；severe；fearful；fatal；be of great severity （二）there be 句型

1.there exist/seem/remain/appear

eg.有很多原因解释我的观点

There seem many reasons to explaing my idea.

many：a sea of；a host of；a multitude of；a train of；an army of；immense

amounts of； numerous；in numerable；abundant；plentiful

reason：cause；factors；elements

explain：account for；lead to；give rise to；contribute to；be responsible for

idea：point；viewpoint；outlook；perspective；argument

2.本句型推荐写在第二段的第一句话，引出原因分析时使用

3.其他 there be 句型的经典表达

有强烈的证据表明：There is strong evidence to show that

越来越多的人认为：There is a growing worldwide awareness around the world that

(三)比较结构

(四)as...as 原级比较

(1)只要作文中出现形容词、副词。均可写成 as..as 句型。后再加 which 引导的

非限定定语从句补充说明。

(2)推荐写在第一段最后一句、第三段第一句（所有文章中心均可写成...很严

重；...很重要）

eg.刘像花一样美丽

Liu is as beautiful as a red rose , which manages to take away the breath of a

host of children and adults.

n 感官动词：look；smell；taste；feel；sound

n 似乎：seem；appear；

n 证明：prove

n 变得：become；get

n 保持：keep；remain

n 现在进行时的 be 不可以替换

beautiful：attractive；graceful；charming；elegant；gorgeous eg. sth（信心）很重要

Confidence keeps as important as air and water , which play a key role in normal

growth of all creatures.

important：vital；crutial；critical；fundamental；significant；

essential；indispensable；play a key role in sth.；be of great importance eg. sth（污染）很严重

Pollution becomes as serious as earthquakes , which have threatened the health

of natives or even taken their lives away.

2.the more ...the more...

本句型推荐写在文章第二段分析文章原因时使用

eg.你爬得越高，看得越远

The farther one climbs, the higher he will see.

表示写抽象的远：比较级 further 表示实际远：比较级 farther

eg.越努力，越幸运

The harder all children and adults keep, the more fortunate they will become.

eg.我们越快的采取措施，这个问题越能得到有效的解决

The more rapidly authrities take measures,the more e?ectively the problem will

be solved.

take measures：adopt steps/action

solve：resolve；settle；deal with；cope with

problem：issue（大事）；subject（话题）；phenomenon；matter（小

事）；current situation二、并列句

六、并列句

（一）and；but

and：likewise；similarly；equally；at the same time；in the meanwhile

but：conversely；by contrast；on the contrary；contrarily；unexpectedly；

unfortunately； nevertheless

1.描述图画的分类

一幅图

一个主体，两个动作（第一个动作写次要动作，第二个写主要动作）

两个主体，两个动作

两幅图

2.该句型推荐写在作文的第一段，描述一幅图两个主体，两个动作时使用；或两幅图时

使用

l In the picture, the goal-keeper is imaging himself as small as a ant , on the contrary ,

the soccer player is visualizing his rival outstandingly giant.

picture：cartoon；drawing；painting；caricature；photograph （二）not only...but also（不但而且）

本句型推荐写在文章第二段，分析原因时使用

养宠物的好处，不仅能减少老人孤单，而且可以塑造孩子的爱心

Raising pets can not only reduce loneliness of senior citizens but also can cultivate

the love heart of kids.

孝敬父母不但是中华民族的传统美德，而且是子女的法定义务

Respecting parents not only keeps a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the

responsibility of their o?spring.

为什么自信重要

Conidence not only enables youngsters on campus to find more happiness in the

life but also makes you achieve greater glories.

七、复合句

（一）主语和主语从句

1.句式

显而易见，众所周知

It...that...

It proves common knowledge that

It proves self-evident that

It has been found that

It seems beyond dispute that

It is universally acknowledged that

It has been widely accepted that

It is generally agreed that

我认为

It keeps my perspecrive that

2.更好的变体

(It)What...(is) that...

What proves common knowledge is that .........

3.主语从句可以写在作文中，任何一句话的前面，用来拉长句子

4.推荐写在第一段第一句话的前面，用来引出描绘图画或图表

（二）同位语（解释名词）和同位语从句

1.名词做同位语（一个名词解释另一个名词）

（1）只要作文中见到一个名词，都可以在其后面再加一个名词做同位语Environmental pollution has become increasingly fearful in our contemporary

society.

Environmental pollution , (a hot-debated issue throughout the world)，has

become increasingly fearful in our contemporary society.

（2）名词作同位语，最多出现一次

A boy is writing the name of beckham to his face.

A boy，(a crazy football fan )，is writing the name，(the symbol of someone)， of

beckham，(aworldwide famous star) ，on his face，(a part of the body).

Confidence keeps essential in our success.

Confidence，a Chinese traditional virtual，keeps essential in our success.

2.同位语从句

本句型推荐写在作文的第二段，分析原因的时候使用

她长着一副大眼睛这个事实表明她是一个美女

The evidence that she wears a pair of big eyes manifests that she looks like a

beauty.

很多女生都穿上了漂亮的花裙子这个事实表明夏天已经偷偷的来了

The evidence that numerous girls have worn attractive colorful dress manifests

that summer is around the corner secretly.

我们再也看不到明亮的星星和皎洁的月光了，这个事实表明污染很严重

The evidence that bright stars and pure moonlights fail to be detected manifests

that pollution becomes increasingly fearful in our contemporary society.（三）定语和定语从句

1.定语成分（修饰名词）

（1）形容词

（2）介词短语

（3）名词 of..

（4）非谓语动词

（5）定语从句

2.定语在写作的使用

（1）只要在作文中见到名词，都可以有意识的加一个定语成分，拉长句子

（2）句子很短时加

（3）但是在第一段描述图画的时候，只要见到名词通常都要加上定语，使图画描

述显得很生动

An American girl is wearing Chinese costume.

An American girl young as well as elegant is wearing Chinese costume ,which keeps

popular in Yun

Nan Province.

A boy is rushing to the destination.

A boy young as well as energetic is rushing to the destination which becomes a new

stars.

3.描述图画的万能定语

（1）好的

as well as 连接两个并列的形容词

?外貌：cute；lovely；little；graceful；elegant；young

?内心：confident；energetic；enthusiastic/passionate/optimistic/active；

aggressive；ambitious

人好：（给读者留下深刻印象的）Who looks distinctly impressive to readers （2）坏的

as well as 连接两个并列的形容词

?外貌：fat；cruel；ugly

?内心：nagaive；dispassioned；terrible/disgusting/disgraceful

人坏：（不能给读者留下深刻印象的）Who looks rather less impressive to

readers.

4.定语从句的满分表达（which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰前面整句话）

本句型可以写在作文中任何一句话后面，对前面任何一句话补充说明，但是推荐写在第二段分析原因时，某个比较短的原因后面，用来拉长句子

这件事（他是一个色狼），这是显而易见的

He looks like a lady-killer ,which has been widely accepted.

?which leaves us a deep impression

?which provokes the punlic's widespread concerns

?which brings us the unnecessary/unexpected trouble

?which gives rise to dreadful consequence

（四）状语和状语从句

1.什么是状语

（1）副词

（2）时间

（3）地点

（4）原因

（5）条件

（6）目的

（7）让步：although

（8）结果：so that

（9）方式：by

（10）伴随：with

（11）比较：as as

2.状语的位置非常灵活，可以随便放

3.状语在写作中的使用

（1）作文中任何一句话的旁边都可以有意识的加一个状语成分，把句子拉长。

（2）但是，在第一段描述图画或图表时，一定要加状语，使图画或图表的描述显得很完整

4.描述图画的万能状语

In the centre of the vivid picture

5.第二段分析原因的万能状语

显而易见：as every one can see it

随着科学技术的发展：with the rapid advance of science and technology

现在：in our contemporary society

在我们的日常生活中：in the general routine of everyday living

虽然很多人都没有关注这个问题：although many people fail to pay attention to the problem