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创新大学英语预备级Unit 8 讲义

创新大学英语预备级Unit 8 讲义
创新大学英语预备级Unit 8 讲义

Unit 8 Happiness

Part One Listening Comprehension

Task I Listening practice--listen to the word.

1.Guide Ss to read the six phonetic symbols: /t?/, /?/, /j/, /d?/, /r/, /l/

2.Let Ss take turns to read one group of words respectively, and correct the pronunciation if necessary. (10')

3.Write down the vowels on the blackboard, and let Ss read after the teacher. (3')

4.Listen to the tape and tick the word you hear. (5')

5.Play the recording once again and check the answers one by one.(5')

Task I Listening practice--listen to the conversations.

1.Guide Ss to read the choice items so as to get known something of the conversation. (3')

2.Play it once again and let Ss repeat it sentence by sentence. The teacher repeat and explain some difficulty points to make Ss know the contents of the conversation.(5')

3.Play the tape once again sentence by sentence, trigger Ss to repeat the sentences so as to get the exact meaning of the conversations. (3')

If I were you…如果我是你

Instead of... (用…)代替…,(是…)而不是…,(用…)而不用…

...be ready for... 为……准备好,做好了……的准备

Single–child policy 独生子女政策

In search of... 搜查,寻找,寻找,寻求,追求

Task II Topic-related listening

1.Let Ss listen to the tape of two conversations and do the exercises.(8')

2.Check their answers without correcting their wrong answers. (12')

3.Listen to the tape once again and then check their answers one more times to see if they can understand the conversations better.(5')

4.Guide Ss to compare the choices so as to focus their attention on certain part of the recording and then listen to the long conversations. Repeat the sentences when necessary. (6')

5.Check the answers and explain the difficult parts. Play the recording of the passage once again. (5')

Part Two Reading

Leading-in

1. What is your definition of happiness?

2. Do you feel happy about your life? Why?

3. When is your happiest moment in your life? Why?

Task I Reading Comprehension—Passage One

1.Give Ss time to read the two passages and do the multiple choices.

Tell Ss to actively read the passage and analyze the text organization while reading.

Try to guess what will be told in the following part will be interesting for you to read.

2.Explain the difficult sentences.

Task I Reading Comprehension—Passage Two

1.Read through the passage and do the exercise. (15')

Apply the tips the teacher just told them into the reading.

2. Check the answers in the fast reading. (5')

Task II Fast Reading—The Source of Happiness and the Happy Door

1.Tell Ss they are going to read an interesting story about hobbies.

2.Ask Ss to finish the exercises on P.180.

Remind them to make full use of the same words appearing in the passage and the questions and take

a guess. And tell them nearly all the answers can be found in the passage.

3.Give Ss time to read the passage and get prepared to tell the story in English.

4.Guide Ss to recall the story together.

Part Three Intensive Reading

Leading-in

1. Starting Ss talking about happiness.

2. Starting Ss thinking about the importance of happiness.

3. Familiarizing Ss with the topics in the text.

New words and expressions

1. Let Ss read the new words by themselves. While reading, try to get familiar with their meaning

and usage. (8')

2. Let Ss read after the teacher and guide Ss to remember the words. (15') Overwhelmingly: very large or greater, more important etc. than any other.

They voted overwhelmingly against the proposal.

The evidence is overwhelmingly to the contrary.

Response: a spoken or written answer, a reaction to sth. that has happened or been said. She made no response.

They waited for his response.

Universally: by everyone or in every case.

They believed these principles to be universally true.

The new teacher was universally disliked.

In search of: looking for.

Workers move from country to country in search of work.

Too many Americans in search of treatment cannot get it.

Seek: to try to find or obtain sth.

You should seek advice from your lawyer.

Many young people went to seek their fortune abroad.

A variety of: number or range of different things.

She made the children glad in a variety of ways.

This shop sells a variety of toys.

Turn to sb./sth. : to go to ab./sth. for help, advice, etc.

She felt she had no one to turn to.

Maybe you'd better turn to Tom, he will help you.

Untold: too many or too much to be counted or measured.

She has done untold damage to our chances.

Their lives were filled with untold suffering.

Possess—possession

Exotic: seeming exciting and unusual because it is connected with foreign countries. There are some exotic words in English language.

We should correctly understand the exotic culture.

Lasting: continuing for a long time.

She left a lasting impression on him.

I hope you will strike up a lasting friendship.

Evade: to get or keep out of the way of sb./sth.

He tried to evade the embarrassing question.

You needn't evade the question.

Promotion--promote

Presuppose: to assume sth. to be true beforehand.

Let us presuppose that he wins the game.

I presuppose that you have done your work.

Stimulus: sth. that produces a reaction in a human, an animal or a plant. Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.

Praise is a stimulus for better work.

Opposite: a person or thing that is as different as possible; entirely different. The result was quite opposite to what we had expected.

He's the opposite of his brother.

Tend to do sth. : be likely to do sth.

Women tend to live longer than men.

We tend to make mistakes when we do things in a hurry. Conscious—consciousness

Miserable—misery

She looked rather miserable.

Frustrated—frustrate—frustration

It's very easy to get frustrated in this job.

Above ground: being alive.

I will find her as long as she was above ground.

This family could hardly keep their heads above ground.

In succession: one after another (without a break)

The teacher explained twice in succession.

It has rained for five days in succession.

Text—Happiness Is a Choice

1.Skim the text quickly and find out the main idea of the text, then finish the exercise for main idea.

(5')

2.Scan the text again and figure out the text organization, then finish the exercise for text

organization. (5')

3.When Ss finish the Ex, check all the answers. (10')

4.Explain the text in detail.(45')

1) Put heart/efforts/soul/ into sth.: 把心思放在……上

She put her heart and soul into the work.

He put a lot of efforts into arranging the concert.

2)For reasons: 由于……原因

For reasons of health and family he was not able to fight.

The road has been closed for reasons of safety.

3) Overwhelmingly:不可抵抗地;以压倒优势地

4) Universally:普遍地;一般地

5) Unfortunately:不幸地,遗憾地

Part Four Oral Practice

1.Let Ss read the useful expressions and try to remember some that they are likely to use one day in the future. (15')

2.Read the poem of Activity One to Ss, and explain some difficult sentence. (15')

3.Ask Ss to check out the sources of happiness shown in each picture. (10')

Friendship, victory, love, fortune, family, good health.

4.Ask some students one by one about the questions in Activity Three. (15')

(1) Are you happy now? Why or why not?

(2) What is your happiest memory about your childhood?

(3) There is a saying that you are the only one who can make yourself happy. What do you think about this saying?

5. Divide the class into 2-person group with the same amount of students, ask Ss to rank the situations from 1 to 8 in Activity Four. (15')

Part Five Grammar—Attributive Clause

1. Give Ss an overview of the usage of attributive clause. (30')

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)通常皆放在它所修饰的名、代词之后,这种名、代词就叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)和关系副词(when, where, why)。

2. 关系代词引导的定语从句:

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。

(1) who, whom, that

这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下:

A. Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

B. He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

C. The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。

(2) which、that 用来指物(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:

A. The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)

B. The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)

(3) whose (只用作定语) “whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)

例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。(“whose”表示那个孩子的双亲)

He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。(“whose”表示那个房子的窗户)

3. 关系副词引导的定语从句:

(1) 关系副词why:主要用于修饰表示原因的名词(主要是the reason),同时它在定语从句中

用作原因状语。如:

We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。

She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。与关系副词when和where不同,why可以换成that或省略。如:

That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一。

另外,与关系副词when和where可以引导非限制性定语从句不一样,why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句。如:

他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。

误:The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.

正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.

(2) 关系副词when:关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。如:

There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。

Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。

We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点。

(3) 关系副词where:关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如:

This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。

That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。

Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奥伯里工作,每天得坐公共汽车去上班。

4. 非限制性定语从句:

(1) 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,如:

The house, which I bought last year, has a lovely garden.我去年买的的房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本我已经读过三遍的小说很感人。

(2) 非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

(3) 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用于在从句中做主语:

A. The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。

B. Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天,我帮助了一个迷路的老人。

5. Guide Ss to finish the exercises sentence by sentence.

Assign them to choose 5 of the sentences to translate after class.

6. Ask Ss to do the exercises one by one.

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