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跨文化交际教程 部分段落翻译

跨文化交际教程 部分段落翻译
跨文化交际教程 部分段落翻译

no one when he uses a word has in mind exactly the same thing that another has ,and the difference, however tiny, sends its tremors throughout language

在用词达意方面没人想的会和他人一样/每个人想的都不一样,而这些差别,不论其多么微小,都会在语言中造成一连串的影响.

The American nuclear family usually has its own separate residence and is economically independent of other family members. Relatives are still considered "family" but are often outside the basic obligations that people have to their immediate families.

美国的小家庭往往有独立的居所,而且经济独立于大家庭的其他成员。亲戚也被认为是“家庭”的一份子,但是并不需要承担像对直系亲属那样的责任。The independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between

parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family.

独立于父母并不意味着孩子和父母之间不相亲相爱。父母和子女之间浓厚的爱是普遍的,在美国家庭也不例外。

No formal initiation in the U.S. through which young people pass from childhood to adulthood. There are, however, cultural practices that signify maturity and cultural contexts that have particular significance for the transition from youth to adulthood. 在美国,年轻人从孩提时代到长大成人没有正式的仪式。但是,文化实践和文化背景对于从青年到成年的过渡意味着成熟与有着特别的意义。

The work ethic is a cultural norm that places a positive moral value on doing a good job and is based on a belief that work has intrinsic value for its own sake.

职业道德是一个文化名词。它起到做好工作的积极的道德价值作用,且是基于这样一种观念---工作有其自身的内在价

值。

Americans consider it a " right" to be able to better themselves, to move upward, to jump from company to company if they can keep qualifying for most responsible (and therefore better )jobs.

如果美国人可以胜任多数责任重大的工作,他们把“正确”作为能使他们变得更好,向上前进,从一个公司跳到另一个公司的基准。

The opposite side of immense potential markets is the challenge of understanding or misunderstanding an entirely new cultural milieu.

面对巨大潜力市场,与之而来的是一个挑战:理解还是误解一个全新的文化氛围。

The football team looks very much like a small scale model of the American corporation: compartmentalized, highly sophisticated in the coordinated application of a differentiated, specialized

technology, turning out a winning product in a competitive market.

足球队看起来很像美国公司一个缩影:责任划分明确,在协同应用一个不同的,特殊的科技时的尖端性,作为一个成功的产品屹立在竞争激烈的市场上。

----by Uncle Summer

2014.1.7

跨文化交际与翻译

Intercultural communication and translation Intercultural communication mainly refers to the communication between the native speakers and non-native speakers, as well as the communication between people who differ in any aspect of language or culture background. Due to the differences in surroundings, societies and religions of different ethnic groups, each language community results in its own code of language, social culture, customs and practices and so on. Intercultural communication studies situations when people from different culture backgrounds interact. Aside from language, IC focuses on social attributes, thought patterns and the cultures of different groups of people. IC also involves understanding the different cultures, languages and customs of people from other countries. There are three formats of IC: interracial communication (when source and receiver are different races), interethnic communication (situation in which the parties are of the same race but of different ethnic origins) and intracultural communication (communication between members of the same culture including racial, ethnic and other co-cultures). The term translation itself has several meanings: it can refer to the general subject field, the product (the text that has been translated) or the process (the act of producing the translation, otherwise known as translating). The process of translating between two different written languages involves the translator changing an original written text (the source text) in the original verbal language (the source language) into a written text (the target text) in a different verbal language (the target language). This type corresponds to “interlingual translation” and is one of the three Roman Jakobson in his seminal paper. Jakobson’s categories are: 1. Intralingual translation, or “rewording”– an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; 2. Interlingual translation, or “translation proper”–an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; 3. Intersemiotic translation, or “transmutation”– an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems. Intralingual translation would occur when we rephrase an expression or text in the same language to explain or clarify something we might have said or written. Intersemiotic translation would occur if a written text were translated, for example, into music, film or painting. It is interlingual translation which is the traditional, although by no means exclusive, focus of translation studies. It is easily seen that the three forms of intercultural communication and the three types of translation are partly corresponding to each other, especially interracial communication and interlingual translation which both attach attention on the communication between native and non-native, and where different cultures of different countries play more important role. To conduct effective intercultural communication, one has to understand the differences between the different nations and then to look for them and pay attention to in every cross-cultural communication situation. By doing this, the high-context communicators can learn to use and respond words, emotions, postures differently, and low-context communicators can learn to

跨文化交际李成明unit2-A原文+翻译PDF

Unit 2 With the amazingly rapid development in transportation and information communication, people from different cultures interact more often than ever before, but misunderstandings even conflicts caused in the process of this interaction also grow increasingly. Just for this reason, much concern is focused upon the problem of how to help people interact and communicate successfully in a transcultural way. As a matter of fact, culture is not strange to us all. We hear, read and talk of it, such as Chinese culture, English culture, tea culture, campus culture and so on. But when it comes to the meaning of culture, it is notoriously difficult to define what culture really is or should be. 随着交通运输和信息交流的飞速发展,不同文化背景下的人们交往越来越频繁,但在交往过程中产生的误会甚至冲突也日益增多。正因为如此,人们关注的焦点是如何帮助人们以跨文化的方式成功地进行互动和交流。事实上,文化对我们大家来说并不陌生。我们听、读、谈它,如中国文化、英国文化、茶文化、校园文化等。但说到文化的意义,很难界定什么是真正的文化,什么应该是文化。 Text A The Concept of Culture Culture is notoriously difficult to define. In 1952, the American anthropologist, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn, critically reviewed concepts and definitions of culture, and compiled a list of 164 different definitions. So far there is no agreement among anthropologists and scholars regarding the nature of culture. 众所周知,文化很难定义。1952年,美国植物学家阿尔弗雷德·克罗伯和克莱德·克鲁克汉对文化的概念和定义进行了批判性的重新审视,并编制了164个不同的定义清单。到目前为止,人类学家和学者对于文化的本质还没有达成一致意见。 Although the term culture is used by most of the social sciences today, over the years it has received its most precise and thorough definition from the discipline of anthropology. Whereas sociology has concentrated on the notion of society; economics on the concepts of production, distribution, and consumption; political science on the concept of power; anthropology has focused on the culture concept. From anthropology nineteenth-century beginnings, culture has been central to both ethnology and archaeology and has been an important, if not major, concern of physical anthropology. Anthropology, through its constant examining of different life ways throughout space and time, has done more than any other scientific discipline to refine our understanding of the concept of culture. 尽管今天大多数社会科学都使用“文化”这个词,但多年来,它从人类学学科中得到了最精确、最彻底的定义。而社会学则集中于社会概念;经济学则集中于生产、分配和消费概念;政治学则集中于权力概念;人类学则集中于文化概念。从19世纪的人类学开始,文化就一直是民族学和考古学的中心,并且一直是一个重要的,如果不是主要的,对物质人类学的关注。人类学通过对整个空间和时间中不同生活方式的不断研究,比任何其他科学学科都更能完善我们对文化概念的理解。 In nonscientific usage, the term culture refers to personal refinements such as classical music, the fine arts ,world philosophy and gourmet cuisine. For example,according to this popular use of the term, the cultured person listens to Bach rather than Eminem, can distinguish between the

(完整版)新编跨文化交际英语教程翻译1-10单元

1 Translation 纵观历史,我们可以清楚地看到,人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异,而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。在这种情况下,跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。值得注意的是,人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折,既是个人的,又是全球性的;人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解——从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义直至到武装冲突,大大小小争端不绝。 很显然,文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了,这迫切要求我们共同努力,去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们,并与之和睦相处。通过加深认识和理解,我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处;这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定,也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。 2 Translation 文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序,我们“头脑的软件”。但是,我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比,把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境。文化就像电脑使用的DOS或者Unix或者“视窗”(Windows)等操作系统一样,使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。文化就是我们心灵的视窗,透过它我们审视生活的方方面面。一个社会中不同个体的视窗是不大一样的,但都有着一些重要的共同特征。 文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般,人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实,因而很少去研究它。文化存在于我们所呼吸的空气之中,文化对于我们了解我们自身之为何物是必不可少的,就正如生命离不开空气一样。文化是特定群体的共有财产,而不单是个体的特征。社会按照文化设定的程序运作,这种程序来自于相似的生活体验以及对这种生活体验之含义的相似阐释。 如果文化是一种心智程序,那么它也是现实的心灵地图。从我们很小的时候开始,文化就告诉我们应该看重什么、偏好什么、规避什么和做些什么,文化还告诉我们事物应该是什么样。文化为我们提供超越个体经验可能的理想典范,帮助我们决定应该优先考虑的人或事。文化为我们建立起行为准则,并视遵守这些准则的行为为正当、合法。 3 Translation 43

(完整word版)跨文化交际教学大纲

《跨文化交际》 课程教学大纲 课程名称:英语教学论 课程类别:专业必修课 考核类别:考试 适用对象:本科 适用专业:英语 总学时、学分:36学时2学分 一、课程教学目的 该课程旨在扩大学生的知识面,对西方文化的不同层面有所了解,以提高学生的交际能力。在传统的外语教学中, 人们往往忽视文化的重要作用, 只注重语言能力的培养而未能顾及交际能力的提高。近年来国内学者认识到外语教学必须引进文化知识的对比,训练学生灵活运用语言知识, 更好地与外国人沟通, 减少和避免误解。 1

二、课程教学要求 该课程教学要求学生提高对文化差异的敏感性, 更有效地与外国人进行交际,为英语专业课程的学习和翻译实践能力的提高奠定基础。 三、先修课程 跨文化交际是英语专业的必修课, 是在完成了精读、泛读、综合英语、写作等基本技能训练后开设的,旨在增强文化差异的敏感性,增强跨文化交际意识,有助于英语专业课程的学习和翻译实践能力的提高。因此,学生先期完成英语听说读写等技能训练基本课程,如《基础英语》、《英国文学选读》等课程。 四、课程教学重、难点 该课程教学重点在于培养学生对英语国家文化的 2

了解及跨文化交际意识, 提高驾驭英语语言的能力, 从而使其能得体地运用语言与操英语的外国人士进行交流。教师的讲授重点是帮助学生认识中西文化的异同,分析文化差异的根源, 帮助学生深化对西方文化的理解。中西文化的差异在表层上很容易识别,但对造成差异的原因却需追根溯源。东西方在历史,思维方式以及哲学等方面的差异则是造成中国学生对西方文化不解的主要原因,也是该课程的难点。 五、课程教学方法(或手段) 教学方法:以课堂讲授为主,适当组织课堂讨论,鼓励学生充分利用课外资源进行探索性、研究性学习。 六、课程教学内容 Unit 1 Communication Across Cultures(4学时) 3

跨文化交际英语_阅读教程3课文翻译

第一单元 现代社会依赖于技术创新,而技术创新须依靠知识产权来保障越来越多的国家遵守国际条约,实行知识产权保护。但这方面做得还远远不够。我们来回顾一下过去,看看缺乏知识产权保护会导致什么样的后果,从而吸取教训。 许多西方公司付出了惨痛的代价才发现,知识产权保障机制还未健全时,在东南亚投资无异于将钱付诸东流。要进入这些市场,西方公司不仅必须向相关当局说明他们的产品,而且还要说明他们 产品的制作过程。而结果经常是本该受到知识产权保护的产品很快被无耻地抄袭。 盗用知识产权的例子不胜枚举。例如,美国化学制品巨头杜邦向一亚洲国家引进了一种名叫Londax的著名除草剂,用来除掉稻田里的杂草。该公司在该产品的研发上投资了数百万美元,而且又 投入了2500万美元在当地开设了一家生产厂家。然而,不到一年以后,一瓶瓶非常廉价的冒牌Londax公然上市了。冒牌产品和正宗产品除了价格外的唯一区别是冒牌产品的名称是Rondex,用的是蓝 色瓶而不是正宗产品用的绿色瓶。但是,由于冒牌产品的价格比正宗产品的价格低廉许多,它成功毁掉了杜邦公司的投资。同时它也使得该公司不再愿意投资于新化学制品的研发。生产Londax的配 方本应该被当作是杜邦公司的知识产权。其他非法使用该配方的公司是犯了偷盗行为,就像盗取了杜邦公司的机器或者该公司的其他财产一样。 不光是产品,在亚洲市场上保护一个品牌也曾经是几乎不可能的

事。就连Kellogg '玉米片的生产商Kellogg '公司也发现自己的产品被山寨:Kongal牌玉米条,连包装也几乎一模一样。不幸的是,和杜邦公司的事件一样,Kellogg '公司成功惩罚侵权者的几率几乎为零,因为当地的法律不承认知识产权保护的概念。 幸好,在经过许多轮世贸组织的谈判后,情况大为改观。然而,跨国公司必须保持警惕,以防被侵权。总有人试图从别人的研发、投资、商誉中牟利。如果成果得不到法律保护,创新就是空话。 如今你经常会听到知识产权”这个词一一通常是从产权者嘴里。这不是意外,所谓知识产权”可是能够让人挣大钱的,所以无数人想使你确信:知识产权是必需的,而不是忽悠全球消费者的大噱头。他们最有可能告诉你,知识产权应该受到保护,否则创新”无从谈起。可为什么搞出这样一种东西,也就是其他人都从里面挣钱,而你却什么也得不到? 虽然这是个亟待处理的问题,但它还是种对于创新的狭隘观点 。 创新是一个合作的过程,是一种建立在无数人努力之上的社会进程 。 人们很自然地会去创新,会去合作,会去创造性地解决问题。从这个角度看,保护知识产权会阻碍创新,因为人们无法利用各自的创意,甚至是相似的创意,否则就得支付一大笔钱或者面临起诉。

大学生跨文化交际 U2Pa课文翻译定稿2014

Unit 2 Passage A 1. 中国的核心价值与儒家思想有关,儒家思想的道德准则是对人际关系中道德品质的总结,孔子就用它来夫妇有别,长幼有序,朋友有信。”在两千多年的封建统治时期,统治阶级用这五伦来处理每件事,这就形成了一个分级的社会,即臣忠于君,子孝于亲的社会。 2. 在英国文艺复兴时期,人们开始强调人的尊严以及现实生活的重要性。他们提倡人不仅有享受美好生活的权利,更要具备完善自己和创造奇迹的能力。这就是人文主义的基本理念。自那以后,人们开始尊重人性,随即有发展出了我们今日称之为“自由”的思想,即民主。 3. 以美国为例,优秀的个人价值观就是独立、努力以及生活成功、个人成就与乐于助人三方面实现平衡。就社会价值观而言,美国人在这6方面领先:言论自由、个人自由、个人权利、公开争论、独立思考和。而中国的价值观则提倡努力工作、尊重学习、诚实守信、独立自由和持久忍耐。亚洲人值得推崇的6个社会价值观是社会有序、和谐一致、政府问责、开拓思路、言论自由和尊重权威。 4. 与美国人不同的是,东亚人通常更尊重权威,赞誉社会有序,可与他们一致的是亚洲人也尊重新观念,政府问责及言论自由。 5. 中西方文化的不同与个人主义和集体主体文化密不可分。 6. 个人主义就是人们注重个体、强调个体需要。一般来说,西方文化倾向于个人主义。 7. 集体主义文化即把自身当作是集体(家庭、单位、部落、国家)的一员,一般认为集体的需要高于个体。大多数亚洲文化,包括中国在内,倾向于集体主义。 8.个人主义是指在一个社会里个人权利是首要的。大多数西方人士认为每个人都有自己独立的身份和人格,这应该得到认可并强化。因此,如果不理解个人主义,则无法理解西方的文化和西方人。唯有理解了个人主义,我们才能明白西方人对家庭、友谊和隐私的看法。个人主义的核心是追求个人利益和成就,作为一项社会的基本品质,它被高度地重视,并被人们真心铭记和认真领会。 9. 在基督教的传统文化中,个人主义不但对彼此重要,而且对社会对上帝都重要。个人主义从他们的祖先那里传承下来,因而对西方人而言,个人主义不是自私而是正直。他们如此重视个人主义,以至于他们认为如果有人不去实践个人主义,那就是错的行为。“自助者天助”,从这句谚语我们可以看出西方人对个人主义的态度。可是对中国人来说,个人主义是贬义词,是利己主义,它就意味着自私的人品和散漫的纪律。 10.传统的中国信条,尤其是儒家思想,欣赏集体主义。它强调群体合作,强调个体的成功归功于单位、组织或社团全体成员的共同努力。中国人认为为了集体而牺牲个人利益是非常高尚的品质,继而谦逊待人、善解人意的品质也受到高度赞扬。 11. 让我们从这两个事例来看文化的基本差异:学校 学校的组织形式可以看出集体主义和个人主义文化的差异。例,中国的中学、甚至大学,学生通常群体组合,他们被编成班,所有同班同学学习同一课程。相反,美国高中和大学的学生都是个体的组合,他们通常根据自己的兴趣至少选择几门课程,因此他们经常到不同的班级上不同的课,也没有类似中国的“班” 12. 另一个集体主义和个人主义区别的例子就是宴会。比如,在中国,宴会通常是大家围坐在一起享受美食或观赏节目,有的观看,有的会亲自参与节目。相反,美国典型的宴会就是鸡尾酒会。在晚会中大家成双成对,或三五成群一起聊天,间或走动走动,换换聊天对象。 13.下面是西方个人主义文化和集体主义文化更具体的区别。

跨文化交际

河南师范大学外国语学院 考查课程答卷 年级类别:2011级 学科专业:学科教学(英语) 学号:1105280400 姓名:龙裴 课程名称:跨文化交际 授课教师:陈运香 考试时间: 考试分数:

2011级教育硕士、翻译硕士“跨文化交际”测试题 I.Explain the following terms.(20 points) 1.Cross-cultural communication: Answer: Cross-cultural communication refers to communication between the native speakers and non-native speakers of communication, also refers to the communication among any people in different language and the background. Cross-cultural communication is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavor to communicate across cultures. 2.Enculturation: Answer: Enculturation is the process by which a person learns the requirements of the culture by which he or she is surrounded, and acquires values and behaviors that are appropriate or necessary in that culture. As part of this process, the influences which limit, direct, or shape the individual (whether deliberately or not) include parents, other adults, and peers. If successful, enculturation results in competence in the language, values and rituals of the culture. The process of enculturation is related to socialization. In some academic fields, socialization refers to the deliberate shaping of the individual, in others; the word may be used to cover both deliberate and informal enculturation.

新编跨文化交际英语教程(许力生) 课后翻译

1.纵观历史,我们可以清楚地看到,各民族与文化由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异,而长久无法互相理解,无法和睦相处。在这种情况下,跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。值得注意的是,人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折,既是个人的,又是全球性的;人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解--从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义甚至到武装冲突,大大小小争端不绝。很显然,文化间以及亚文化间的交往日益增多,这迫切要求我们共同努力,去理解与我们有着天壤之别信仰和文化背景的人们,并与之和睦相处。通过加深认识和理解,我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处;这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定,也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。 2.文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序,也即我们“头脑的软件”。但是,我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比,把文化看作是支持软件运行的操作环境。文化就像电脑使用的DOS或者Unix或者“视窗”(Windows)等操作系统一样,使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。文化就是我们心灵的视窗,透过它我们可以审视生活的方方面面。一个社会中不同个体的视窗是大不一样的,但都有着一些重要的共同特征。文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般,人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实,从而很少去研究它。文化存在于我们所呼吸的空气之中,文化对我们了解自我是必不可少的,就正如生命离不开空气一样。文化是特定群体的共有财产,而不单是个体的特征。社会按照文化设定的程序来运作,这种程序来自于相似的生活体验以及对这种生活体验之涵义的相似性阐释。如果文化是一种心智程序,那么它也是现实的心灵地图。从我们很小的时候开始,文化就告诉我们应该看重什么、偏好什么、规避什么以及做些什么。文化还告诉我们事物应该是什么样的。文化为我们提供超越个体经验的理想典范,帮助我们决定应该优先考虑什么。文化为我们建立起行为准则,并解释为什么符合这些准则的行为正当、合法。 3.虽然,我们每个人都有各自一套独特的价值观,但在每一文化里,总有弥漫于整个文化之中的普遍的价值观。这些被称作文化价值观文化价值观通常是规范性的,它使文化的成员知道什么是好的和坏的、什么是正确的和错误的、什么是真的和假的、什么是积极的和消极的,等等。文化价值规定了什么是值得为之献身的,什么是值得维护的,什么会危及人们及其社会制度,什么是学习的恰当内容,什么是可讽刺嘲笑的,什么是形成群体团结的途径。文化价值观也指明了文化中的什么行为是举足轻重的,哪些是应当尽力避免的。价值观是人们在做出抉择和解决争端时作为依据的一种习得的规则体系。 跨文化交际的参与者所具有的价值观是十分重要的,因为价值观产生出决定何为正当或不正当社会行为的标准。换言之,价值观有助于人们决定他们的行为方式,以符合他们的价值系统所期望的行为准则。由于文化价值系统之间存在差异,我们可以预见,在相似的情境中,跨文化交际的参与者会表现出并期待着不同的行为。 4. 我们说语言总是模糊的,指的是我们所说所写的东西总不能完全表达我们的意图。我们通过说话和写作所传达的意思不仅仅由词语和句子本身决定,听众和读者的理解也起到了一定的作用。换言之,是交际双方共同创造了语言所表达的意思。语言的模糊性是与生俱来的。为了沟通,我们必须自己推断出对方的意思,除此之外别无他法。在理解别人说话时,我们必须推测这些话的意思。这些推测主要基于以下两个来源:(1)他们所使用的语言;(2)我们的世界知识。

《跨文化交际学概论》读后感

《跨文化交际学概论》读后感 AP0802325 钟欣奕 在学习《跨文化交际》这门课程和看完《跨文化交际学概论》这本书之前,我对“跨文化交际”的认识是:两个来自不同国家的人、组织或是国家之间的交流和沟通就是跨文化交际,而同一个国家的两个不同地区的文化的交流并不是跨文化交际。因为我认为既然是“‘跨’文化”,那这两种文化之间的差异应该是很大的,有非常不一样的文化来源和文化背景,有不一样的发展历程和演变过程,形成了两种很不一样的文化内涵。比如,美索不达米亚平原和幼发拉底河孕育的文化、黄河孕育的文化都是各有各的特点。随着经济的发展,交通工具的进步与通讯手段的发展,跨文化交际成了人们的需求,成为经济全球化和“地球村”的需求。 但是,《跨文化交际学概论》这本书中的第一部分第一章中提到:任何两份人之间的交际都是跨文化交际。这让我对“跨文化交际”有了一种新的认识。 有些学者就认为,跨文化交际研究的范围应该也包括地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面的文化差异探讨。地区之间文化的差异,特别是在饮食方面还是比较明显的。在肇庆一些地方,番薯和南瓜是很少被当做是一道菜,更多的是当早餐或者是相当于正餐的米饭,但是同属广东,有一些地方又偏爱“蒜炒南瓜”。又比如,在我的家乡—海南,人们很爱吃生芒果,吃法也很特别:有的人会蘸盐吃,但更多人,包括我,更喜欢蘸调料吃,这种调料是用酱油、白砂糖、海南灯笼椒、或虾酱调制而成的。我周围的朋友都觉得这种吃法很奇怪,无法想象竟然用水果蘸酱油吃。不过我们当地人觉得味道还挺不错的。 正所谓“隔行如隔山”,每种行业之间虽然有互通的知识,但是之间的差别还是挺大的。对大多数学习文史类的人来说,理工科的公式换算简直就是“鬼画符”一样难懂。具体来说,要一个只专长与计算机编程的人去欣赏充满意境、“形散神聚”的散文,也是一件很难的事情。

新编跨文化交际课后翻译中英对照

Translation1 The growth of intercultural communication as a field of study is based on a view of history that clearly demonstrates people and cultures have been troubled by a persistent inability to understand and get along with groups and societies removed by space, ideology, appearance, and behavior from their own. What is intriguing about many of human civilization’s failure is that they appear to be personal as well as global. The story of humankind is punctuated with instances of face-to-face conflicts as well as international misunderstanding--major and minor quarrels that range from simple name-calling to isolationism tr even armed conflict. It is obvious that increases contact with other cultures and subcultures make it imperative for us to make a concerted effort to understand and get along with people whose beliefs and backgrounds may be vastly different from our own. The ability, through increased awareness and understanding, to peacefully coexist with people who do not necessarily share our lifestyles or values could benefit us not only in our own neighborhoods but could be the decisive factor in maintaining would peace. 纵观历史,我们可以清楚地看到,各民族与文化由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异,而长久无法互相理解,无法和睦相处。在这种情况下,跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。值得注意的是,人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折,既是个人的,又是全球性的;人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解--从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义甚至到武装冲突,大大小小争端不绝。 很显然,文化间以及亚文化间的交往日益增多,这迫切要求我们共同努力,去理解与我们有着天壤之别信仰和文化背景的人们,并与之和睦相处。通过加深认识和理解,我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处;这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定,也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。 Translation 2 Culture is something referred to as our mental programming, our “software of the mind.”But we can take that computer analogy further and say that culture is the operating environment that enables software programs to run. Culture is like DOS or Unix or Windows:it is what enables us to process information in various specific applications. The metaphor of windows seems to be very appealing to describe culture:culture is a mental set of windows through which all of life is viewed. It varies from individual to individual within a society, but it shares important characteristics with members of a society. Culture is like the water fish swim in--a reality that is taken for granted and rarely examined. It is in the air we breathe and is as necessary to our understanding of who we are as air is to our physical life. Culture is the property of a community people, not simply a characteristic of individuals. Societies are programmed by culture, and that programming comes from similar life experiences and similar interpretations of what those experiences mean. If culture is mental programming, it is also a mental map of reality. It tells us from early childhood what matters, what o prefer, what to avoid, and what to do. Culture also tells us what ought to be . It gives us assumptions about the ideal beyond what individuals may experience. It helps us in setting priorities. It establishes codes for behavior and provides

新编跨文化交际【warm up】 原文及翻译

1、【communication across cultures】Chapter One Conceptual Foundation【跨文化沟通】第一章概念的基础Why study intercultural communication?为什么学习跨文化交际? There is a folk tale that comes to us from the foothills of the Himalayas. A man was trying to explain to a blind friend what colors are. He began with the color White. 有一个民间的故事,来自于喜马拉雅山的山麓。一名男子试图解释一个盲人朋友的颜色是什么。他开始与雪白的颜色。 “Well,”he said, “it is like snow on the hills.”“嗯,”他说,“这就像雪在山上。” “Oh,”the blind man said, “then it must be a wet and dampish sort of color, isn’t it? ”“No, no,”the man said, “it is also the same color as cotton or wool. ”“Oh yes, I understand. It must be fluffy color. ”“No, it is also like paper.” “哦,”盲人说,“那一定是湿,微湿的颜色,不是吗?”“不,不,”那人说,“这也是相同的颜色,棉或羊毛。”“哦,是的,我明白了。一定是毛茸茸的颜色。”“不,它也像纸。” “Then it must be a crackling or fragile color,”said the blind man. “No, not at all. It is also like china.”“那一定是脆皮或脆弱的颜色,”瞎子说。“不,不是。也喜欢中国。” 2 讲【culture and communication讲文化和沟通 An American university student Tom is active in a foreign student club at his university and has several good friends from different countries. One of them tells Tom his parents and sister will be visiting, and he asks Tom if he would like to meet them. Tom invites all of them to visit his home one afternoon.They arrive and present him with a nicely wrapped gift. Tom tells them they shouldn’t have brought anything, but thanks them and proceeds to open the gift, which turns out be very pretty vase from their country. He thanks them again. He sense some awkwardness and realizes that he has not offered them anything to drink.“Would you like coffee or tea or a soft drink?”he asks. They all refuse. Things seem more awkward now. But he talks a little of their country, about studies at the university, about the cost of living, and everything the father whispers something to his son.“I think we must be leaving to return to the hotel,”he says. Everybody stands up, shake hands, and they start to leave. “Please come and visit again,”Tom says as he stands and watches the family walk to the door, open it and disappear down the hall. Two days later, in a very indirect way, Tom learns from another friend that the visitors thought he was a rude host 一个美国大学的学生汤姆是活跃在他大学的外国学生俱乐部,有几个来自不同国家的好朋友。其中一人告诉汤姆他的父母和妹妹将访问,他问汤姆是否想见到他们。汤姆邀请他们参观他的家的一个下午。他们到达,给他一个包装精美的礼物。汤姆告诉他们他们不带来任何东西,但由于他们,继续打开礼物,这证明是非常漂亮的花瓶从他们的国家。他再次感谢他们。他感觉有些尴尬,意识到他没有给他们任何东西喝。“你想要咖啡还是茶还是饮料?”他问道。他们都拒绝。事情似乎更尴尬的了。但他的小国家,谈论研究大学,生活费用,父亲低声说些儿子的一切。“我认为我们必须离开回到酒店,”他说。每个人都站起来,握手,他们开始离开。“请再来拜访,”汤姆说,他站和手表家庭走到门口,打开它,消失在大厅。两天后,汤姆非常间接的方式,可以从另一个朋友,游客认为他是一个粗鲁的主机 3讲【cultural diversity 】【文化多样性】 Mr. Zhao and Mr. Qian have been on good terms with each other, though Mr. Zhao lives in China while Mr. Qian became an overseas Chinese working in the United States. The two both have children about the same age. Mr. Qian has two brothers who live in the U.S. and manage their family businesses. And both Mr. Zhao and Mr. Qian have business that seems fairly prosperous. In recent times, however, Mr. Qian is bogged down with some difficulties, and in fact, his business is almost on the rocks. But, he has an opportunity to invest in a very promising venture but at the

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