新世纪研究生英语公共教材听力原文及课题答案

新世纪研究生公共英语教材

听说（下）第二版

听力全文

主编：李玉璞

上海外语教育出版社

Table of Contents

LESSON ONE Resources and Energy (5)

PART A (5)

PART B (6)

Passage I: (6)

Passage II: (7)

Part D (8)

Lesson Two Crime and Punishment (8)

Part A (8)

Part B (9)

Passage I (9)

Passage II (10)

Passage III. (11)

Part D (12)

Lesson Three Computers and the Internet (12)

Part A (12)

Part B (13)

Passage I (13)

Passage II (14)

Passage III (15)

Part D (16)

LESSON FOUR Finance (16)

PART A (16)

Part B (17)

Passage I (17)

Passage II. Functions of Money (18)

Passage III Credit Cards (19)

Part D (20)

LESSON FIVE Places to See in Britain (20)

Part A (20)

Part B (21)

Passage I: (21)

Passage Ⅱ: (22)

Part D (23)

LESSON SIX Education (23)

Part A (23)

Part B (24)

Passage I SAT Examination (24)

PART II Medical Education (25)

LESSON SEVEN Business (26)

Part A (26)

Part B (28)

Passage I How to Increase Business Profits (28)

LESSON EIGHT Aspects of Life (30)

Part A (30)

Part B (32)

PASSAGE I Tax (32)

PASSAGE II Religion (33)

LESSON NINE College Life (34)

PART A (34)

PART B (35)

PASSAGE I College Search (35)

PASSAGE II How to Get a Master's degree (37)

LESSON TEN Women (38)

PART A (38)

PART B (39)

PASSAGE I Women in Southern Europe (39)

PASSAGE II American Women (41)

LESSON ELEVEN Famous People (42)

PART A (42)

PART B (44)

PASSAGE I William Jefferson Clinton (44)

PASSAGE II William Shakespeare (45)

LESSON TWELVE Culture (47)

PART A (47)

Part B (48)

Passage I Beijing’s Hutongs (48)

Passage II The White Wedding Dress (50)

LESSON THIRTEEN Science and Technology (51)

PART B (51)

PASSAGE I Cloning Mount Vernon's Trees (51)

PASSAGE II Dinosaur Noses (52)

LESSON FOURTEEN Sports (53)

PART B (53)

Passage I The Famous Bicycle Racer (53)

PASSAGE II The Williams Sisters (54)

LESSON FIFTEEN Reform and Development (55)

PART B (55)

Passage I (55)

Passage II (56)

KEYS TO EXERCISES

Unit 1 (57)

Part A (57)

Part B (57)

Unit 2 (57)

Part A (58)

Part B (58)

Unit 3 (58)

Part A (58)

Part B (58)

Unit 5 (60)

Part A (60)

Part B (60)

Part C (61)

Part D (61)

Unit 6 (62)

Part A (62)

Part B (62)

Unit 7 (63)

Part A (63)

Part B (64)

Part D (65)

Unit 8 (65)

Part A (65)

Part B (66)

Part D (66)

Unit 10 (67)

Part A (67)

Part B (67)

Unit 11 (68)

Part A (68)

Part B (68)

Unit 12 (70)

Part A (70)

Part B (70)

Part D (70)

Unit 14 (71)

Part A (71)

Part B (71)

Part D (72)

LESSON ONE Resources and Energy

PART A

1.W: Could you mail these letters for me, please?

M: More letters? Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you.

Q: What does the man imply about the woman?

2.W: Does Professor Ford always come to class?

M: Is ice cold?

Q: What do you learn about Professor Ford?

3.W: Would you have some time this week to go over these questions with me?

M: How does tomorrow sound?

Q: What does the man mean?

4.M: Hey? John! John!

W: Save your breath. He's out of earshot.

Q: What is true about John, according to the woman?

5. W: You only have water to serve your guests?

M: This isn't just water. This is imported mineral water.

Q: What is the implication of the woman?

6. M: Could I borrow a twenty to tide me over till payday next Tuesday?

W: You are in luck. I just cashed the check.

Q: What will the woman probably do next?

7. M: Jean, didn't you get my messages? I left two on your answering machine.

W: Hmm? Oh, sorry, Tom. I've been meaning to get back in touch with you. It just slipped my mind.

Q: Why didn’t the woman return the man’s calls?

8. W: I'm sorry, sir, but you're allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You'll have to check in one of your suitcases at the package counter.

M: Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I'm just giving her a hand. Q: Why is the man carrying an extra suitcase?

9. W: We need to drive to the city tonight, but the doctor said this medicine might make me drowsy.

M: In that case, I'd better drive.

Q: What does the man think the woman should do?

10. M: Look at all the pollution going into the air from those factories. Do you think they'll ever get under control?

W: With the new laws and social awareness, we'll turn things around.

Q: What does the woman predict will happen?

11. W: Aren't you cold? Why aren't you wearing a jacket?

M: I overslept this morning, so I ran out of the house without listening to the forecast.

Q: Why isn’t the man wearing a jacket?

12. M: prof. Jones, last night when I was putting the finishing touches on my paper that electrical storm completely wiped out my computer files. Do you think I could

have another day to retype it?

W: I'm sorry, Steven. I’m leaving for a conference tomorrow, and I'll be away for 2 weeks. I suppose you could send it to me there.

Q: What will the professor probably allow the student to do?

13. W: Do you know if Mary has come by the office this morning?

M: I just got here myself, so I'm not the one to ask.

Q: What does the woman want to know?

14. M: I really enjoyed that TV special about "wealth" last night. Did you get to home in time to see it?

W: Well, yes. But I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.

Q: What does the woman mean?

15. W: Take two of these pills three times a day and you shouldn't take them on an empty stomach.

M: What if I don't have an appetite?

Q: What can be inferred about the man?

PART B

Passage I:

The population of the world has been increasing faster and faster. In 10,000 B.C., there were probably 10 million people. In A.D. 1, there were 300 million. It took 1750 years for the population to reach 625 million, a little more than double the A.D. 1 figure. In 1990, there were 5.3 billion people. By the year 2000, the world's population was over 6 billion, and by 2050, it is expected to reach 10 billion. Does the earth have enough natural resources to support this many people? Different scientists give different answers to this question. Some say that there are enough resources to support more than 6 billion people. However, the richest countries, with a small percentage of the world's population, use most of the resources. If these resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enough for everyone. Other scientists say that we must limit population growth because our resources are limited. Only 10 percent of the earth's land can be used for farming and another 20 percent for raising animals. It is possible to increase the amount of farmland, but only a little. Some land in developing countries could be more productive if people started using modern farming methods, but this would not increase worldwide production by much, We all know that there is a limited amount of petroleum. There are also limits to the amounts of metals. There is a limit to the amount of water we can use since most of the earth's water is salt water, and most of the fresh water is frozen at the North and South Poles. It is difficult to say how many people the earth can support, but it will help everyone if we can limit population growth before serious shortages develop. The problem is how to do it.

1. Between 1990 and 2000, what changes did the world population have?

2. According to some scientists, which of the following is true?

3. Why can't most of the earth's water be used?

4. In developing countries, what does the use of medern farming methods result in?

5. According to the author, what can you infer from the passage?

II 1.There were probably 10 million people.

2.It is expected to be 10 billion.

3.If the resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enoueh for everyone.

4.Only 10 percent.

5. It is how to limit population growth.

Passage II:

Fresh water, life itself, has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since the Old Testament when God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain, water supplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only comes in winter and drains quickly through the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for next November. The region's accelerating population growth, expanding agriculture, industrialization, and higher living standards demand more fresh water. Drought and pollution limit its availability. War and mismanagement squander it. Nations like Israel and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are using all the water resources available to them. They have only 15 to 20 years left before their agriculture, and ultimately their food security, is threatened. Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have-nots. Compared with the United States, which has a freshwater potential of 10,000 cubic meters a year for each citizen. Iraq has 5,500. Turkey has 4,000, and Syria has little more than 2,800. Egypt's potential is only 1,100. Israel has 460, and Jordan has less than 260. But these are not firm figures, because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream. Scarcity is only one element of the Middle East’s water crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is the reluctance of some water-poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water-intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if these nations would share both water technology and resources, they could satisfy the region's population, currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries, the water crisis is not a clear-cut issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep people from trusting and seeking help from one another. Here, where water, like truth, is precious, each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth.

1. When does the rainfall come in the Middle East?

2. What is the cause of the water crisis?

3. How many years are left for Israel and Jordan before their agriculture is threatened?

4. What is the current population in the Middle East according to the passage?

5. According to some experts' suggestion, what should the nations do in order to avoid a water crisis ?

II 1) 10,000 2) 5,500 4) More than 2,8003) 4,000 5) Egypt 6) 460 7) Less than 260

Part D

1) award, 3) profit, 5) dedication, 7) moment, 9) physical, 11) conflict, 13)worth, 15) heart, 17) compassion, 19) lust,2) glory, 4) trust, 6) significance, 8) anguish, 10) spirit, 12) alone, 14) room, 16) honor, 18) curse, 20) value

Lesson Two Crime and Punishment

Part A

1.M: Hello?

W: Hello. This is Dr. Grey's office. We are calling to remind you of your 4:15 appointment for your annual checkup tomorrow.

M: Oh, thanks. It's a good thing you called. I thought it was 4:15 today.

Q: Why is the office calling the man?

2. W: How wonderful! You won the scholarship. Can you believe it?

M: No. It's almost too good to be true.

Q: What does the man mean?

3. W: Excuse me, Professor Davidson. But I was hoping to talk to you about my class project for economics.

M: I have a class in a few minutes. Why don't you come and see me during office hours tomorrow?

Q: When will the woman discuss her project with Professor Davidson?

4. M: How are you feeling? W: The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped. But it's making me awfully drowsy.

Q: What do you learn about the woman?

5. M: Bill Smith has volunteered to write a summary of the proposals we've agreed on. W: Will I have a chance to review it?

Q: What does the woman want to know?

6.M: The view is spectacular. Could you take a picture of me with the mountains in the background?

W: I'm afraid I just ran out of film.

Q: What problem does the woman have?

7. W: Excuse me, we're ready to order now.

M: I'll be with you in just a minute.

Q: What does the man mean?

8. W: I think I forgot my umbrella. Did you notice if it is raining outside?

M: Yeah, it is. And I just realized I left my car window open.

Q: What will the man probably do next?

9. W: How does your daughter like her new school?

M: Fine. She seems to have made new friends in no time.

Q: What can be inferred about the man's daughter?

10. W: There's an article here in this magazine you might find interesting. It's about buying running shoes.

M: If it's not chemistry and it's not on the final exam, I can't read it now.

Q: What is the man probably doing?

11. M: You're washing your car even on vacation. It makes me feel guilty.

W: You shouldn’t, it’s just that I have nothing better to do at this moment.

Q: What do you think of the woman?

12. M: My doctor told me I need to go for some expensive treatments for my injured knee.

W: Are you sure? Maybe you need a second opinion.

Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?

13. W: Hello. Could you fit me in for an appointment today? I need a stylist who is good at cutting curly hair.

M: Julia is good at that. She is the owner. How about noon?

Q: What will the woman probably do?

14. W: There's nothing I like more than a good mystery novel when I've got some spare time.

M: I like to read, too. But I prefer non-fiction, history, social commentary and stuff like that.

Q: What does the man imply?

15. M: I'm not an expert, but that noise in your refrigerator doesn't sound good. Maybe you should call and have it checked out.

W: You're right. And I suppose I've put it off long enough.

Q: What will the woman probably do?

Part B

Passage I

Purse snatching is an increasingly common crime. There are estimated 50 to 100 purse snatchings each month in the New York City subways, the number often swinging widely because of the depredations of a single teenager. When such a professional is in custody, the snatches can decrease by more than 50 a month. One of the favored techniques is to stand between two subway cars and, as a train starts pulling out of the station, reach out and pull free a woman's purse.

Recently, a crime analysis officer for the New York Police Department found that purse stealing in Manhattan's top restaurants was up 35 percent over the previous year. When a woman puts her purse on an empty chair at a table or at her feet beside her chair, she is inviting a purse snatcher to take it. Purse snatchers often work in pairs. When a target in a restaurant is seen, one of them will create some kind of disturbance to gain the victim's attention. While the woman is looking away from her table, the

actual snatcher will lift the purse. A popular technique is for the thief to carry an umbrella with the curved handle down. The umbrella handle suddenly hooks the bag and in an instant it is on the thief's wrist, or under the coat over his arm if he is a man, and on its way out of the restaurant. Police advise that women in restaurants keep their purse either on their laps or on the floor between their legs.

Other purse snatchers who operate in theaters are called "seat tippers", victimizing women who put their purses down on a neighboring empty seat. Others specialize in snatching purses from ladies' rooms. When a woman is in a toilet stall, her purse should never be placed on the floor or hung on the coat hook on the door. Thieves simply dive under the door and grab the purse on the floor, or stand on the toilet in the next stall and reach over and take the purse off the hook. The snatcher has enough time to escape since the victim can't immediately pursue the thief.

I. 1. When does the number of purse snatchings decrease most dramatically?

2. Where does a purse snatcher like to commit crimes in subway stations?

3. When women are in restaurants, where are they advised to put their purses?

4. What does a thief often use to snatch purses in restaurants?

5. According to this passage, where does purse snatching not usually occur?

II. crime analysis officer; take it; purses; in pairs; top restaurants; an empty chair; to some kind of disturbance; coat hook; snatching never be placed; in the next stall; enough time to escape

Passage II

On the afternoon of July4,1995, Mrs.Beatrice Weinberger brought her one-month old baby back from an outing. She left the pram outside her house and hurried inside to get the baby a clean nappy. When she returned a few moments later, the pram was empty and a scrawled note was lying where her baby had been. The note said: "Attention. I badly need money, and can't get it any other way. Don't tell the police about this, otherwise I will kill the baby." "Just put $2,000 in small bills in a brown envelope, and place it next to the road lamp at the corner of Albamarle Rd. at exactly 10 o'clock tomorrow (Thursday) morning." "If everything goes smooth, I will bring the baby back and leave him on the same corner 'safe and happy' at exactly 12 noon. No excuse, I can not wait! Your baby-sitter." Despite the kidnapper's warning, Mrs. Weinbarger contacted the police. A small parcel containing broken pieces of newspaper was placed on the comer the following morning. But the kidnapper did not show up. He failed to keep two other” appointments" with the Weinbergers, and left a second note signed "Your baby-sitter'. By then, the police felt that the baby was no longer alive. The FBI was called in, and the handwriting experts set to work to try to track down the kidnapper. In both notes an unusual z-shaped stroke was placed at the front of the y in words such as "money" and "baby". Starting with the New York State Police Office, the experts spent the next six weeks carefully going over local records at police offices, factories, hotels, clubs and schools and examining handwriting samples and comparing them with the writing on the kidnapper's notes. Then, in the middle of August, the experts' hard efforts paid off. The handwriting of John Rush

Blake matched that of the kidnapper's, especially in the peculiar formation of the y's. Not long after, John Blake was arrested for making illegal alcohol. On being shown the handwriting samples, he confessed to kidnapping the baby. He told the police that he had left the baby alive and well in a nearby park on the day after the kidnapping. But when officers hurried to the place, all they found was the baby's dead body. The criminal was later put into New York's Sing Sing Prison. Even if John Blake had tried to disguise his handwriting he would still have been caught. No matter how hard someone may try to disguise his handwriting characteristics, the "individuality" of the writer shows through, the very angle at which he or she holds a pen, the way a t is crossed and an i is dotted, the height and size of capital and small letters, the amount of space between words, the use (or misuse) of punctuation marks. All these can identify a person as surely as fingerprints.

I. 1. What happened to Mrs. Weinberger on the afternoon of July 4th, 1995?

2. According to the message left by the kidnapper, on what condition could Mrs. Weinberger have her baby back?

3. What did Mrs. Weinberger do after reading the note?

4. How did the FBI catch the criminal?

5. Which of the following words can best describe people's handwriting characteristics?

II. 1. ( T ) When Mrs. Weinberger came back from an outing something terrible happened to her.

2. ( T ) Someone kidnapped her baby because he lacked money.

3. ( F ) The kidnapper did not confess to die kidnapping of the baby in the face of the handwriting sample.

4. ( T ) It was the handwriting expert that broke the case.

5. ( F ) At last, the police found the baby and he was safe and happy.

Passage III.

Timothy McVaigh placed a powerful bomb near a federal government building in Oklahoma City in 1995. The explosion killed 168 people, including 19 children. Arguments are increasing in the United States both for and against the death penalty. The increasing death penalty debate is caused by the planned execution of convicted murderer McVeigh. He is to be the first person executed by the federal government since 1963. 38 states permit the death sentence. Last year 85 people were executed in the United States. Recent public opinion studies show that more than 75 percent of Americans supper McVeigh's execution. These include many Americans who usually oppose the death sentence. Kent Scheidegger is with the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation in Califomia. It is a victim's rights organization that supports the death penalty. Mr. Scheidegger says McVeigh is a perfect example of why there is a need for a federal death penalty. He says anything less than the death of McVeigh would show a complete lack of justice. Groups opposed to the death penalty say the approval of the execution of McVeigh does not show an increase in general public support for the death penalty. Opinion studies show that support for the death penalty has

decreased. Studies show 77 percent of Americans supported it five years ago, now only about 63 percent do, Opponents of the death penalty have always argued that it was unfair. They say poor people who can not pay for good legal help receive the death penalty more often than others. And they say courts order the death penalty more often when the accused is a member of a racial minority group.

Part D

1)generous 2)company 3)hospitality 4)reception 5)reputation6)anniversary7)suspicion 8)mutual 9)vastest10)communication 11)commerce 12)contact 13)1975 14)openness 15)potential 16)secure 17)lure 18)astonish 19)reach 20)confident

Lesson Three Computers and the Internet Part A

1.M: This report is due tomorrow. Would you be able to work on it with me tonight? W: Unfortunately, I have another commitment.

Q: What is the woman saying?

2. W: I wonder where the books I ordered are. I expected to receive the package several days ago.

M: Maybe you'd better check it out with the company. They could be temporarily out of stock.

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

3. M: I just have to type this last page and then I'm through.

W: By then, I'll be done, too.

Q: What can be learned about the woman?

4. W: Did you read the editorial in the paper about the mayor's speech?

M: I sure did. But I think they twisted the meaning of what he said.

Q: What does the man say about the editorial?

5. W: Why don't we go to see a movie tonight? A good comedy might cheer you up. M: I would. But the reason that I've been so down is all this work I have to do.

Q: What can be inferred about the man?

6. W: So, are you going to see the students' play tonight?

M: I doubt it. I'm still getting over the flu.

Q: What is true about the man?

7. M: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner.

W: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.

Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do?

8. W: Mind if I borrow your Spanish workbook?

M: Not as long as I have it back in time to take to class this evening.

Q: What does the man mean?

9. W: You don't believe in diets, do you?

M: There is nothing wrong with them per se but they have to be combined with exercise to do any good.

Q: What is the man's attitude towards diets ?

10. W: I don't know which color folder to use, white or brown.

M: What difference does it make? It's the content that's important.

Q: What is the implication of the man?

11. W: You know, I've heard that Professor Martin's Introduction to Chemistry class is too demanding for first year students. They say it's the most difficult course for graduate students.

M: Yeah, but a lot of students will tell you otherwise. Go talk to anyone who has gone to an advanced course, like Organic Chemistry, or who studied chemistry in graduate school. They're really glad they started out with Professor Martin.

Q: What does the man imply about Professor Martin?

12. W: Hey, Mark. Have you been able to sell your old piano, yet?

M: Hmm, you were right. Just posting notices on bulletin boards at a couple of supermarkets wasn't enough. I think I'll have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper.

Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?

13. W: I'm amazed that you still haven't gotten to know your neighbors.

M: They tend to keep to themselves.

Q: Why hasn't the man gotten to know his neighbors?

14. W: Hi! Um, I think something is wrong with the washing machine. It works, and I just did my laundry, but it makes some strange noises. Maybe you should call someone to fix it.

M: Oh, don't worry. Someone from the repair shop is already on the way over to take a look at it.

Q: What is the implication of the man?

15. W: It's so thoughtful of you to offer to drop me off at the train station. Are you sure it's not out of your way?

M: Not at all. The station is really close to where I'm going.

Q: What can be learned about the man?

Part B

Passage I

The Application of Computers in Education The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. Computers and the internet have expanded the way in which information

can be delivered to the students of today. Today's networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practise new learning techniques. Educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer-based communications, or telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. Computers have made a fundamental impact on most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. Technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded the ways in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage in "distance education" through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each other. Desktop video conferencing promises to bring students together from geographic and cultural distances face to face via computer. Not only will the teacher talk to the students, but the students will be able to interact with each other. This will make students more interested in learning.

I. 1. According to the passage, what are educators discovering?

2. What do schools usually purchase computer networks for?

3. According to the author, what should computers be mainly used for?

4. Which of the following is NOT a feature of video conferencing?

5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

II. fundamental impact; be essential; improve the educational process; justify its purchase; attendance records; what technology can do

Passage II

E-Commerce The Internet, as a means for commerce, did not become reality until the 1990s. Before this time, it was mainly a tool for the army, and a research device for some American universities. Its popularity grew when it proved to be a fast and efficient means to conduct long distance transactions, as well as an effective way to distribute information. The first advantage that e-commerce possesses is speed. With increased speeds of communication, the delivery time is expedited and that makes the whole transaction from start to finish more efficient. Also, you can find practically any product available for sale on the Internet. Even more significant is the fact that information appearing on the Internet can be changed rapidly. This gives business owners the ability to inform customers of any changes to the service that they are offering. The second advantage of electronic commerce is the opportunity it offers to save on costs. By using the Internet, marketing, distribution, personnel, phone, postage and printing costs, among many others, can be reduced. You can start

doing business in cyberspace for as little as $100. The savings, therefore, are tremendous. These funds can then be diverted to marketing and advertising your product or service. Cyberspace knows no national boundaries. That means you can do business all over the world as easily as you can in your own neighborhood. Since the Internet connects everyone in cyberspace, information is transmitted at the speed of sound or the speed of light, depending on your connection. Either way, distance becomes meaningless, which enables you to link to nearly anyone on the globe, and anyone on the globe can link to you. The ability to establish links makes doing business on the Internet attractive to customers in any part of the world. A potential source of trouble is customer concerns with privacy and security. Anything sent over the Internet is sent through several different computers before it reaches its final destination. The concern regarding Internet security and privacy is that unscrupulous hackers can capture credit card or check account data as it is transferred or break into computers that hold the same information. Making a customer feel safe is important when doing business on the Internet. Even though no one can guarantee 100% security when transferring financial information over the Internet, e-commerce is still safer than using credit cards at an actual store or restaurant, or paying for something with the use of a 1-800 number."

I. l. Before being used for commerce, what was the Internet mainly used for?

2. Which one of the following is NOT a factor that can make transactions more efficient on the Internet?

3. Why does distance become meaningless in e-commerce?

4. What do customers worry about in e-commerce?

5. What is the main idea of this passage?

II. source; privacy; security; destination; credit card; transferred; feel safe; guarantee; safer than; paying for

Passage III

Computerized Systems

It was pointed out by a computer wag that a computerized system consists of three subsystems: hardware, software, and jellyware. Hardware is the computer itself -- the collection of slightly impure chunks of silicon dioxide and other metal oxides that sometimes conduct electricity and sometimes don't, but never conduct it very well. Basically, hardware is mostly sand with some metal and some organic plastic material to hold it together. Software consists of the instructions necessary in order for the hardware to do things. The instructions are nothing more than signals indicating that certain pieces of hardware are to turn themselves on or off in specific sequences at specific times in specific areas of the hardware. The basic instructions are written or given in binary terms -- on or off-- and other software elements translate this to and from the more complex language used by the next element in the system. Jellyware is the human being who tells the hardware what to do, who gives the hardware its data, who utilizes the output of the hardware, who writes the software, and who uses the output of the software. Jellyware itself is a computer consisting of hardware and

software. Jellyware is mostly water with specific and small amounts of impurities in certain locations. The jellyware's software is mostly preprogrammed with some RAM that is inputted as a result of experience. Hardware and jellyware differ only in the fact that hardware is made up of crystalline structures while jellyware consists of colloidal structures. The jellyware's operating systems appear to function in the parallel mode while those of the hardware operate in a series mode. However, the output of jellyware is one-channel sequential and series in form. Like hardware, jellyware can do only one thing at a time.

Part D

1)members of the House; 2)the politics; 3)personal destruction; 4)values; 5)worthy and good and honorable; 6)our political system; 7)reconsider; 8)government of man;

9)elected leaders; 10)lie empty; 11)cast out of; 12)living up to the standards; 13)life imitates farce; 14)resignation; 15)intolerance; 16)downward spiral; 17)this healing;

18)healing our nation; 19)respect and fairness and decency; 20)the wisdom and the courage and the goodness

LESSON FOUR Finance

PART A

1.W: I see a new bookstore has just opened on Main Street.

M: It may be a new store, but the books are far from new.

Q: Which one of the following is true according to the man?

2. W: Alice has been spending a lot of time at the library lately.

M: Well. She's got a paper due and two final exams next week.

Q: What has Alice probably been doing?

3. W: It's going to cost a fortune to get my car fixed.

M: Why don't you just trade it in for a new one?

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

4. M: Winter is over at last. Time to pack up my gloves and boots.

W: I've been waiting for this for months.

Q: How do you interpret what the woman said?

5. W: How did the game go the other night? Did your team win?

M: Are you kidding? That would be a first.

Q: What does the man say about his team?

6. M: The tickets for that rock concert will go on sale next Saturday at five o'clock. W: I heard that anyone who wants one had better get there sooner than that.

Q: What is the implication of the woman?

7. W: Your train will be ready for boarding in 15 minutes, Sir. Breakfast will be

offered in the dinning car.

M: Good. I'll have just enough time to send a fax before leaving.

Q: What does the man plan to do next?

8. W: Shall I cut your hair for you?

M: No way. Last time you almost made me bald.

Q: What can be known from the conversation?

9. M: So my advisor wants me to take the creative writing class that meets on Wednesday instead of the Monday class, because the instructor for the Wednesday class is supposed to be great. But that means I have to spend a whole day on campus, every Wednesday.

W: Well, but…especially in creative writing, the instructor can make a big dif ference in how much you get out of the class.

Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?

10. M: Would you like to try the new sea food restaurant tonight? I hear it's very good. W: I have to give a presentation tomorrow, and I need to do a trial run.

Q: What will the woman probably do tonight?

11. W: Ah-oh. Somebody left his wallet here.

M: See if there is some kind of identification in it.

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

12. W: Dr. Smith asked us to watch that special on the Civil War on TV this weekend. Do you want to come over Saturday night?

M: Oh, I'm supposed to help my cousin move then. It's being rebroadcast on Sunday afternoon, though. Is that OK for you?

Q: Why does the man suggest they should watch the TV programme on Sunday? 13. M: I don't know how I managed to break that platter. I'll be more than happy to buy you a new one.

W: Forget about it. Some things just can't be helped.

Q: What can be inferred about the woman , concerning the platter?

14. W: I wonder if there's a bus that goes by the museum.

M: The history museum on Main Street? Take one of these with 8-A on the front.

Q: What does the man mean?

15. M: It's pouring. We are never gonna make our flight if we don't leave soon.

W: Oh, don't worry so much. I'm sure we'll get there in plenty of time.

Q: What information can you get from the woman?

Part B

Passage I

The GoldRush One day in 1848, a remarkable discovery was made by a carpenter named Marshall. He happened to pick up some bright yellow particles from the water near his sawmill. Not knowing what they were, he took them to his master Mr. Suffer. Sutter immediately realized the importance of the discovery and sent a

man to San Francisco to inform the govemor of it so that he could get permission to found a settlement on both banks of the river. Unfortunately in the beginning, the man did not believe it. Only after a reporter from a weekly newspaper went to Sutter's sawmill to make a report, did the news spread all over the USA, and even to Europe. Within a month, thousands and thousands of people hurried towards California to search for the valuable metal. Soldiers deserted the army, sailors left their ships and all sorts of people gave up their jobs so as not to miss the chance of becoming rich. Large number of Europeans joined in the search, too. Crowds of people, ships and wagon trains rushed to the same destination. This was the California Gold Rush. While this went on, families were broken up, husbands were taken away from their wives and children from their parents. On their way to California, lots of worshippers of gold lost their lives before they got a single particle of it. Some of them ware killed in storms at sea; some could not stand the extraordinary hardships, and died of hunger, cold or illness. The Gold Rush proved a disaster for Sutter himself. For years he tried to drive the prospectors off his land to keep the entire wealth for himself. The prospectors hated him very much, and did a great deal of damage to his business. All Sutter's houses were burned down and all his family, except for himself, were killed. At the end of his life, he became a beggar, who continually stopped passers-by in the street to tell them that gold is the devil.

1. What lesson can we draw from this story?

2. When did the news of the gold discovery spread all over the USA?

3. Why were many families broken up and husbands taken away from their wives?

4. What happened to Mr. Sutter in the end according to the story?

5. What does the story tell us?

II. 1. In 1848.

2. He picked them up from the water near his sawmill

3.He sent a man to San Francisco to inform the governor about it so that he would be allowed to search for them.

4.Thousands and thousands of people hurried towards California to search for the valuable metal.

5. They did much damage to his business, burned down his houses and killed his family.

Passage II. Functions of Money

There is an ancient rhyme about money which goes like this: "How many uses does money have? Four. A means, a measure, a standard, a store. " This rhyme forms an excellent basis for a discussion of the main features and functions of money. Money is a means, it is a means of exchange. It enables us to exchange goods and services. Things valued in terms of money become commodities; they can be bought and sold. Money, whenever it is available, provides the opportunity to obtain useful things or replace old things with new ones. The second thing our rhyme tells us is that money is a measure. It serves as a measure of value. It enables us to measure the value of all kinds of goods and services. The items sold by a large store may be very

different from each other, but all without exception can be measured by the same measuring rod, namely money. Two things which are not similar in any way may have the same price. Thirdly, money is a standard of value. This means that money itself possesses a value which can remain approximately constant. To serve as a standard, a thing or a substance must remain fixed and unchangeable in comparison with other things. The amount of money in a country should vary, but it should vary in a regular way. It should correspond to the quantity and value of goods and services available for exchange and circulation in that country; if this quantity and value increases, the amount of money in circulation should be proportionately increased. Finally, money is a "store." We store money just as we store other things. Money does not go bad, though in times of financial crisis it may lose some of its value. It enables us to provide for future needs and situations. When we save money weekly or monthly and deposit it in a bank, our savings serve as a store of value in general; they give us the opportunity to make our choices later instead of making them immediately. When we store money we store the power to choose or to decide, so that we can use this power on future occasions.

1. How many functions does money have?

2. Why do we say that money is a means?

3. What is the main feature of commodities?

4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

5. What happens to money in times of financial crisis?

II. 1. rhyme, 2.measure, features, functions measure of value. 3. similar, same price 4. "store", store other things 5. choose, decide, future occasions.

Passage III Credit Cards

Americans spend a lot of money in their daily lives. Working people spend money on transportation to and from work and on various expenses throughout the day. Americans enjoy shopping and buy many things that they need and want. They spend a lot of money on entertainment. They buy sports equipment, go to sporting events and do many things that cost money. However, many Americans don't pay with cash or write checks for these things. More and more, they pay for things with credit cards. Credit cards are small, rectangular plastic cards. Banks give these cards to their customers. When the customer buys something at a store, he shows his card at the store. This authorizes the store to charge the bank for the customer's purchase. The bank collects all the charges for each customer. Then once a month the bank requires the customer to pay all the charges for that month. The bank does not force the customer to pay the full amount. It allows the customer to pay for the charges in several payments over a period of time. However, the bank requires the customers to pay high interest on the unpaid part of the charges. In this way the bank allows customers to buy things they can not afford at one time. People can use the card to buy what they want and pay for it over a period of time. They also do not need to carry a lot of money.

Part D

1) hands, 2) success, 3) loyalty, 4) trumpet, 5) twilight, 6) rejoicing, 7) poverty, 8) fruitful, 9) maximum, 10) shrink, 11) generation, 12) devotion 13) country 14) together, 15) freedom, 16) citizens, 17) strength, 18) reward, 19) judge, 20) blessing LESSON FIVE Places to See in Britain

Part A

1. W: How is your paper coming along?

M: My typewriter's broken.

Q: What does the man mean?

2. W: Have you tried Susan's apple pie?

M: I got the last piece and it was out of this world.

Q: What does the man mean?

3.W: If you're staying late, Will you be sure to lock up the office when you leave? M: OK. I hope I won't be more than an hour.

Q: What does the man mean?

4. W: Nancy really wants to ski on Thursday.

M: Yes. But she can't, can she?

Q: What does the man say about Nancy?

5. M: Let me help you with those packages.

W: Thanks. But it's only three quarters of a block.

Q: What does the woman tell the man?

6. W: You know, Sally was supposed to meet us here an hour ago. Maybe we should give her a ring. After all, she is the one who organized the study session.

M: You're right. I'll do it.

Q: What will the man probably do?

7. M: Forgive the mess in here. You see, we had a party last night. There were a lot of people. They all brought food, and the leftovers were all over the place.

W: Yeah, I can tell. Well I guess it's pretty obvious what you'll be doing most of today. Q: What does the woman imply?

8. W: I'm worried about my jewelry business, I really thought I could do better.

M: At least, you broke even. That’s better than most people do in their first year.

Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?

9. W: I need to get in touch with Bill about tomorrow's presentation, but his phone has been busy for the longest time.

M: I usually have dinner with him in the cafeteria. Why don't I ask him to give you a call later?

Q: What will the man probably do?

研究生英语综合教程课文翻译

Unit One 核心员工的特征 大卫? G. xx 1 核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的xx。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。” 只是这样有 点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4 特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰?xx最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，” xx说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5 许多xx 和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以xx提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变 成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6 特征2：紧迫感

新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课后答案1-10课 (2)

UNIT ONE Party Politics P8 I Comprehension Check 1-5 DCDAB 6-10 DDCAB P10 Vocabulary Study I 1-5 CBADB 6-10 CDBCD II 1.etiquette 2.looped 3.unaccountable 4.told off 5. conspicuously 6. pesky 7.let loose 8.racy 9.murky 10.ticklish P11III Translation To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial. P13 Key to Supplementary Readings A.1-5 FFFTT 6-10 FTFTT B.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 FTFTF UNIT TWO The New Singles P29 I Comprehension Check 1-5 BDBDC 6-10 ACCAD P31 Vocabulary Study I 1.neo-realist 2.neo-Nazis 3.Neo-fascist 4.neocolonialism 5. neologisms 6.neo-Darwinist 7.neoclassical 8. neonates II 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory 8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusion P32III Translation Nowadays in the city’s tonier residential districts there are peple named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifesyles. The number of singles has increased dramatically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various:some may be busy exploring careers without putting their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of marriage, and they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person. Key to Supplementary Readings (略) UNIT THREE Doctor’s Dilemma:Treat or Let Die? P51 Comprehension Check 1-5 BCCBD 6-10 DCDAD P53 V ocabulary Study I 1.outstrip 2.limbo 3.ceased 4. in the wake of 5. paramount 6.ethical 7.prolonged 8. thorny

研究生英语综合教程课文翻译

UnitOne核心员工的特征 大卫·G 詹森 1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时 我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理 给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工在某个专业领域 你可以指望他们把活儿干好。在我的小组中 有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家 其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的 ”他说 “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候 我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话 目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而 每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。 假如他们看起来有同样特征的话 我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测 ”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工 你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险 你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1 无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及 是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作 ”费策尔说 “企业的环境并不需要单打独斗 争强好胜 所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中 没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色 并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力 为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法 加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们” 而不是“我” 能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是 要在你实验室内部 以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间 培养一个良好声誉 一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2 紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业 并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作 这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天 一周7天 一天24小时 生意始终在进行 那意味着一年365天 一周7天 一天24小时 竞争也同样在进行 ”豪特说 “公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来 而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样 不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们

新世纪研究生英语答案

Unit 1 1. permanent 2. had assembled 3. discharging 4. meekly 5. apprentice 6. partiality 7. obscure 8.exalted 9.intruding 10. cordially11. ambition 12. gallantly 1. transient 2. faded out 3. blew up 4. ruthless 5. trivial 6. in a twinkling 7. under way 8. tranquil 9. gorgeous 10. for the time being11. conspicuous 12. exalted 1. His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by. 2. A Boeing 747 aircraft didn't gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident. 3.Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it. 4. Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time, hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck. 5. Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing. 6. They have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches. A l. A 2. B 3. C 4.A 5. B 6.C 7. C 8. C B l.B 2.D 3. C 4.C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. B Unit 2 i1. advocated 2. extravagant 3. vulnerable4. guru 5. potential 6. dispel 7. shunned 8. acclaimed 9. enthusiasts 10. stave off 11. attendant 12. ventured ii.1. eradicated 2. enthralled 3. obsolete 4. disproved 5. foster 6. ludicrous 7. apparent 8. avert 9. displaced https://www.sodocs.net/doc/28386689.html,patriots 11.endeavors 12. hailed IV. Translation 1. Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. 2. Although the Internet undeniably fosters communications, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately. 3.The Internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities 4.The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it. The problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal Internet access. 5.Thanks to the Internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information workers in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased. 6.If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings. Reading:cdabca Unit 4 i 1.Physical 2.accumulation 3.diversity 4.precipitated 5.muscular 6.pathological 7.symptomatic 8.vigorous 9.psychologically10.Anxiety11.restored 12.refreshed ii1.manifestations 2.resume 3.precipitate 4.consequence 5.diverse 6.a skimpy 7.taxing 8.prolong 9.overlooked 10.vigor 11.enhanced 12.relapse 1. I find that walking along the quiet lake in the evening can provide refreshment from a day’s sedentary job. 2. Exercising and relaxing yourself is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue. 3. The less active you are, the faster this aging process accelerates, and the more vulnerable you become to physical and psychological problems. 4. Even if you keep up dieting, you cannot reduce to the point where you achieve the kind of body-shaping you want. 5. People thought he had happy late years during which time he did little but sleep and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed. 6. In the past when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard, people seldom complained of tiredness. However, people feel dragged out and complain a lot in the modern time of labor-saving devices and convenient transportation. Unit 5 i1.uniform2.distinguish/recognize3.ascertained 4.recognized 5.unique 6.outlet 7.tactile 8.rigid 9.secure 10.acquisition 11.fruitful 12.foundation ii1.determined 2.cumulative 3.innate 4.warped 5.train 6.underlie 7.zest 8.imposed 9.precept 10.a marked 11.forbidding 12. consistency Supplementary Readings A 1.A 2. B 3.D 4.B 5.C B 1.B 2. C 3. D 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A 1.It is generally accepted that the upbringing of the child within the home is closely related to the education of the child in school. 2.Jennifer is the chief of personnel for the New York Herald Tribune, where she is also responsible for special editorial work in the field of public relations. 3.It was two years ago that Jeff met Rose at his sister’s birthday party. They have been communicating with each other by e-mail since then; the more Jeff knows Rose, the more he likes her. 4.This new measure is effective not only in providing job opportunities for the laid-off workers, but in limiting price increases. 5.Similarly/Likewise, they insufficiently treated the political and economic background of the conspiracy. 6.Tremendous capital input has met the needs of rapid economic growth on the one hand and has caused the inflation on the other. Unit 6 i.1. as a matter of fact 2. are plagued 3.versus4. have been reflecting on 5. positive 6. is implementing 7. will enroll 8. has been enriched 9. aspiration 10. academic 11. well-informed12. commitment to ii. 1. relevance to 2. voiced 3. plague 4. enhance 5. reflected 6. otherwise 7. aspirations 8. rated 9. strenthened 10.has been declining Key to Supplementary Readings A 1.D 2.D 3.C 4. B 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.D B 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.T 1.Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post. 2.The discovery of gold in the valleys will enrich the poor mountain area. 3.Only when the police confronted her with evidence did she admit that she had stolen the money. 4.The meeting will afford you an opportunity of hearing good public speakers. 5.An official statement laid to rest the remaining fears about possible redundancies in the industry. 6.Mary’s pretty bright. As a matter of fact, her teacher told me that she’s certain to get a university place this year. Unit 7 i1.downsized 2.dynamic 3.yield 4.hadguaranteed 5.inflict 6.budget 7.priority 8.accelerating 9.shirk10.vitally 11.jaopardize 12.criteria ii 1.aggregate 2.excessive 3.scrutiny 4.reap 5.opined 6.casualties 7.inception 8.prosperity 9.paradox10.tangible 11.life expectancy 12.vistas Key to Supplementary Reading A 1. B 2.D 3. C 4.A 5. D 6.B B 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 1.Black people in the area complained to the government that they had been subjected to repeated racial attacks from the local police officers. 2.The government officials are inclined to apply the science

哈工大硕士研究生英语教材课文翻译

1“弗兰肯食品”能养活世界吗? 1、如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 2、事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。 3、但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? 4、关于人口增长和饥饿的统计数字读来令人感到不安。去年，世界人口达到了60 亿。联合国预测，到2D0年，这个数字很可能将接近90亿，而增加的人口几乎都来自发展中国家。与此同时，世界人均耕地正在减少。国际农业生物工程应用技术采购管理局(ISAAA)称，自1960年以来，耕地面积一直持续下降，并将在今后50年减少一半。 5、联合国估计，世界上有近8 亿人口营养不良。它产生的效应是破坏性的。大约有4亿的育龄妇女体内缺铁，也就是说，她们的婴儿将可能有各种天生的缺陷。数量多达1亿的儿童缺乏维生素A，这是导致失明的主要原因。还有数千万的人患有因食物匮乏而导致的其他严重疾病和营养不良症。 6、生物技术对此能做些什么呢?生物技术专家已经培育出了含有β—胡萝卜素(身体可将之转化为维生素A)和更多铁元素的转基因水稻，目前正在研究培育其他一些增进营养成分的农作物。生物技术还可以帮助提高因虫害、干旱、土壤贫瘠和作物病毒、细菌或真菌导致作物减产而出现食物匮乏的地区的农业生产率。 7、虫害带来的损失令人难以置信。例如，欧洲玉米螟每年毁掉4000 万吨玉米，占世界玉米总产量的7％。把抗虫害的基因植入种子可以帮助避免这一损失。在非洲进行的抗虫害棉花试验中，棉花的产量已大幅度提高。有人担心，抗虫害的转基因作物不仅将害虫杀死，而且有可能连益虫也一起杀死，但到目前为止，这种担心似乎没有根据。 8、病毒常常在发展中国家造成主要粮食作物的大面积歉收。两年前，花叶病毒使非洲损失了超过一半的木薯，而这种作物是当地人的主要食物。转基因的抗病毒作物可以减少这种损失，就像抗干旱种子在可耕地面积因缺水而受到限制的地区起到的作用一样。含铝过高的土壤会损伤作物的根系并使许多主要作物歉收，对于这种问题生物技术也能帮助解决。目前，研究人员已经识别出一种有助于中和水稻里铝的毒性的基因。 9、许多科学家认为，生物技术能够把发展中国家的农业总产量提高25％，并且帮助防止作物收割后遭受损失。 10、尽管具有这么多潜力，生物技术还远远不能解决全部问题。在发展中国家，作物歉收只是造成饥饿的一个原因。贫穷才是罪魁祸首。今天，全世界有超过10 亿人口每天靠不到1美元维持生计。如果农民没钱种植转基因作物或当地人买不起农民种出的粮食，培育转基因作物就无法减少饥饿。 11、此外，生物技术也无法克服在发展中国家分配粮食的难题。从整体上看，世界生产的粮食足够养活所有人，但大部分粮食却不是在需要的地方。尤其在运输基础设施落后的国家，地理条件对食物供给的限制正如遗传学为食物供给带来的希望一样大。 12、生物技术也面临自身的“分配”问题。许多转基因作物方面的尖端研究都是富国的私

研究生英语教材课后答案

Unit One An Image or a Mirage C. 1. D 2.C 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C 8.B 9. D 10.B V. Translation A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good ima ge of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation. Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a winner in order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved. Unit 2 Is Love An Art? C. 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.C V. Translation A. 学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。如果我想学习医学，我必须首先了解人体结构和各种疾病。当我具有了这些理论知识以后，我并不能胜任医学工作。只有经过大量的实践，我才能掌握这门学科，直到最终我把所掌握的理论知识和实践收获结合起来，并融合为一体——即成为我的直觉知识，这才是掌握任何一门学科的本质。然而，除学习理论和实践以外，在任何一门学科上想成为专家还必需有第三个因素——那就是，掌握这门艺术是你最关心的事情，在这个世界上肯定没有比这门学科更为重要

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译

TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client —a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学

家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读A第234513单元答案 课文翻译(全)详解

Unit 2 Vocabulary Study： 1.advocated 2.extravagant 3.vulnerable 4.guru 5.potential 6.dispel 7.shunned 8.acclaimed 9.enthusiasts 10.stave off 11.attendant 12 eventured CLOZE: CBDAD CDBAC BBCCD ABCAC. Translation: 1.有些网络专家认为因特网可以防止战争、减少污染，还能克服种种形式的不平等。 Some cyber gurus claim that internet will prevent wars reduce pollution and combat several of inequality. 2. 不可否认，因特网可以增进交流，但它却无法消除战争，因为战争的爆发并不仅仅是由于不同种族间缺乏充分理解而引起的。 Although, the internet can undeniably fosters communication, it will not put an end to wars. Since wars are by no means caused by the failure of different people to understand each other adequately. 3. 只有当网上的活动能够真正取代现实世界中的行为时，因特网才能帮助节约能源，减少污染。 The internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution, only if doing things online genuinely replaces real-world activities. 4.穷人不用因特网并不是因为他们买不起，而是心为他们缺乏必要的技能来有效地利用它，所以提高老百姓的文化水平要比给他们提供上网机会更有意义。 The poor are not shunning the internet because they cannot afford it the problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively, therefore, it would make more sense to improve universal literacy than universal Internet access. 5. 因为有了因特网，在不同国家从事类似工作的人们之间收入上的不平等减少了，但是贫穷国家中从事信息产业的人们与他们最贫穷的同胞之间在收入上的差距却拉大了。 Thanks to internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information works in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased. 6. 如果人类的本性始终固执地保持不变，不管科技预言家的预言是什么，人类的发明也绝对不能克服其自身的缺陷。 If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings. 课文参考译文: 因特网不能做什么？ 1 在1858年第一根横穿大西洋的通讯电缆铺设成功时，维多利亚时代的积极分子们曾欢呼说：“像电报这种为世界各国交流思想的工具诞生之后；那些根深蒂固的偏见与敌意不可能再长时间存在了。”甚至在今天，人们仍以同样的口吻谈论着各种新技术．生物工程被说成是解决温饱问题的妙方。人类基因组的排序据说可以彻底根治癌症和其他疾病．然而，人们把最盲目乐观的想法倾注在了因特网上。网络专家们的整个行业曾用令人驰神往的美妙话语（并因此而获得了不菲的收入）称，因特网可以防止战争、减少污染；还能克服种种形式的不平等。然而，尽管因特网出现的时间不长，依旧足以激起理想主义的灵感，但它存在的时间也已长得足以判断预言家的预言正确与否了。 2 所有的断言中最为美妙的便是J麻省理J学院的一些专家们所宣称的：因特网是一种潜在的和平力量。一位权威尼十拉斯内格罗蓬特说，正是由于因特网的存在，来来的孩子们“将不知道民族主义为何物”。他