研究生英语 河海大学 unit7 翻译

Unit 7

信念的治愈力量

1、过去的两年中，我一直在加州大学洛杉矶分校观察那些在癌症中存活的患者，想要找出为什么这些人接受治疗的效果更好。一开始我认为有些患者恢复那么好的原因是他们的病情比较轻，但是经过更仔细的观察，我发现病情的严重性只是为什么他们和其他人治疗效果不同的许多原因中的其中一个原因。我这里讨论到的病人接受了他们各自所需要的不同的治疗，像药物治疗、放射性疗法、手术等等。然而病人对于这些治疗方法的反应和效果不尽相同。一些患者接受治疗后恢复效果比其他人要好的多。

2、会什么会存在如此大的不同？有没有什么是所有治愈的存活者共有的特点？答案是有。我发现这些存活者的大多数特点都非常相似，这其中包括了下列几点：

●他们都有强烈的想生存下去的意愿。

●他们并不惧怕疾病。

●他们相信自己能够坚持不懈。

●尽管所有预测都是向着不好的方向，他们仍然相信他们可以成功存活下来。

●他们会给出充满欢乐的答复。

●他们确信他们的治疗可以起作用。

3、有一位我比较熟悉的妇女可以代表这整个群体，大家都叫她安妮。她的病情被诊断为肝癌。一项探究性的手术使那些外科医生确定她的病用现有的医疗手段是不可能治愈的了。但是安妮完全没有因为这个结论而灰心丧气，她完全确信她可以客服这个疾病并战胜它，她决定用她的肉体和精神所有力量来与病魔斗争。她的这种精神给她的家庭医生留下了深刻的印象，他认为专家下的这个可怕的结论不应该成为妨碍安妮继续努力的理由。这位家庭医生非常支持安妮，并鼓励她去休斯敦找一名外科医生，这位外科医生对于那些有着强烈生存意愿与信心的患者的治疗十分显著，他的名字叫约翰·斯特林。

4、安妮去了休斯敦并且收到了斯特林医生的接见。她去了圣约瑟夫医院，斯特林医生的患者在那里接受治疗。这家医院的设置不是令人压抑的白色，而是由许多令人愉快的、很有吸引力的小屋子构成，最大的一间被称作起居室，那里装饰了一些简约的座椅，有阅读角，还有影音装置，里面有一长列的磁带记录着一些十分有趣的影像。在阅读完我为英格兰医药时报撰写的一篇讲述笑容的医疗作用的文章之后，斯特林医生就安装了这些设备并且购买了那些磁带。他一直相信希望和笑容对治疗十分有作用，他发现那些经常很开心的人接受治疗的效果比那些忧虑不安并畏惧疾病的患者要好得多。

5、仅仅和斯特林医生一起呆了15分钟，安妮就觉得心情变好并被周围的环境所感染而感到十分兴奋。她遇见了一些比她的病情更为严重的病人。斯特林医生为安妮做了检查并且查看了她的病例，然后他告诉安妮他很愿意对她进行治疗并尽可能提供最好的帮助，但是唯一要求是安妮必须要完全地相信医生、她自己还有手术。斯特林医生建议安妮回家好好想一想。

6、安妮确实回家了，但是没有什么好考虑的，她很渴望能够成功存活下去。当她回到休斯敦的时候，斯特林医生认为很明显她已经非常有动力了。他做了手术并切除了安妮约70%的肝脏，然而安妮在圣约瑟夫医院恢复地十分迅速。她在一个充满了力量与支持的环境中振

作起来。三年以后，时至今日，安妮现在十分积极，并且不再受病症的困扰。安妮和斯特林医生都明白她的身体里很可能仍然有癌细胞在活跃，但是安妮的状况很稳定，她很快乐并且很健全。

7、在洛杉矶加利福尼亚大学医学院，我一直在探寻是否情绪会影响身体内的化学物质。“身心治疗”这个术语已经被用了几十年了，它的意思就是身体和心灵的关系。但是思想如何影响身体尚不清楚。根据最近的调查结果，我们可以说当人们的心理态度发生改变时，人们的身体也会发生一定的变化。

8、事实上，哈佛大学医学院的大脑研究学者Kichard Bergland医生写了一篇文章，认为人类的大脑是一个基本的腺体。根据这一理论，加州大学洛杉矶分校大脑研究中心的主任Carmine Clemente一直在探寻大脑的分泌物。他估计可能有几千种分泌物——他们都对身体某部分机能有一定的作用。

9、最令我激动的是所有的这些分泌物不是完全孤立的，它们没有和大脑的意识相分离。尽管意识并不能持续了解我们的身体产生的无数的机能——像心跳、神经元细胞的运动、腺体的作用等等，但是不清楚这些机能怎么起作用并不意味着我们不能控制它们。生理反馈机制（就是描述意识可以进入身体的运作并对身体产生作用）的重要性就在于人类本身可以控制自己的身体，并且在治疗疾病的时候可以发挥巨大的作用。

10、现在，大量的医学报道都在描述人们目前可以用超越人类智慧的方法自己控制自己的身体状况。在加州大学洛杉矶分校医学院，我见证了一个人自己控制了自己的心跳。他只要集中注意力，就可以使心跳加速或减慢到几乎停止。在东方文化中，这种现象已经存在，但是至少在一家美国的医学院里，和许多对生理反馈机制感兴趣的观察者一起观察到这一现象很令人吃惊。在堪萨斯州托皮卡市的明宁哲基金会以及其他一些医疗机构里，患者们利用生理反馈机制来缓解他们的偏头痛或者降低他们的血压。心理或者情绪可以影响到身体的机能，大量的证据表明这是毫无争议的。

11、鉴于多年来对安慰剂使用状况的了解，心理——身体影响机制不那么令人惊奇了。安慰剂这个名词过去是用来描述一种不含任何药物成分但是却能达到和药物治疗一样好效果的一种“药丸”。安慰剂提供了足够的证据证明心理期望对身体能够产生化学影响。一篇最近的刊登在《医药世界报》上的文章报导道，过去25年的研究表明安慰剂令人满意地缓解了参与测试的约35%的患者的症状。这些症状包括：发烧、严重的手术后疼痛、心绞痛、头痛、以及焦虑，在其它这些疾病中。对于这种奇怪现象的解释是人类的意识可以实际地引起身体中化学物质的变化，并且变化是朝意识所相信的方向发展。举个例子，如果一个人认为某种药物中含有可以完成某种特定需求的物质，那么身体就会朝那个方向发展。

12、越来越多的科学家现在认为身体的治愈系统和人的信念系统是密切相关的，这就是为什么希望、信念、生存的意愿可以成为对抗疾病至关因素。在每一场对抗疾病的过程中，信念系统将积极的期望转化成为实际的有效果的因素。

13、另外一个影响信念和治愈系统的至关因素是对于医生的态度。医生的一个主要的作用就是使病人的意识——身体力量得到充分发挥来抵御疾病。病人对于治疗和他的医生的信任往往比治疗本身更加重要。哈佛大学医学院医药学副教授，同时也是《意识——身体作用》这

一书的作者Herbert Benson博士认为医生对病人的关心呵护可以造成特定的生理的改善与提高。比如，在安妮的案例中，她拥有一个非常支持她的家庭医生，并且还受到了非常懂得鼓励和积极态度的重要性的斯特林医生的指导。

14、那些得了很严重的疾病的人需要相信他们还有机会，还有希望。他们不仅仅受到医生态度的影响，还会受到与他们亲近的周围人的情绪影响。如果病人无法从他们家人的眼中及话语里看到希望，那他们就会失去希望。我觉得在未来将会有越来越多的护理人员会帮助患者和他的家人处理这些事情，帮他们建立希望来支持病人的治疗。

15、只认为负面情绪会影响体内的化学物质的话是说不通的。每一种情绪，无论正面或者负面，在身体系统中都会起到作用。当我生病的时候，我会读每一本我能读到的有趣的书，我的目标就是用笑容来驱赶焦虑和恐慌。这就是为什么斯特林博士会在治疗中使用喜剧电影。生病不是一件令人发笑的事，但有可能它应该成为这么一件事。笑是一种内部慢跑的形式。它使身体的每个器官运动起来，加强了呼吸作用，它是点燃希望的点火器。

16、通过我在医学院的研究和我自身的经历，我了解到人类特别性的一个很重要的元素就是人能够创造并进行新的抉择。一个人决定他这一生做什么，他们相信或者不相信生命的神秘，人们如何满足他们的欲望和追求——所有的这些都涉及到选择。保护并珍惜我们能进行选择的权力才能代表我们拥有真正的自由。

17、我们永远都不要低估了意识的力量以及身体的可再生力——甚至当前景十分令人苦恼的时候。生命的力量可能是这个世界上被了解的最少的力量。杰出的心理学家和哲学家William James说，人类过于生活在自己强加给自己的约束中了。当我们能更尊重意识和身体，相信意识可以日臻完美，身体可以自然恢复，那么这些限制就会渐渐减少了。

18、我从信念的力量中学习到的最重要的一件事就是病人对待疾病的态度和药物治疗一样有帮助。如果忽视或缩减科学治疗的话将会是一个很严重的错误，但是如果患者在接受治疗的过程中加入自己的希望、信念、信心，那么治疗将会更加有效。

河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示)unit8isaraceofrobotspossib

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2015年 河海大学研究生英语一 Unit 11 The Iks

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大学英语翻译课堂教学存在的问题以及对策 【摘要】自翻译成为一门独立的学科以来，翻译教学的重要性越来越受到重视。但在大学英语翻译课堂中仍然存在一些问题，导致翻译教学效果不佳，学生的翻译水平有限。本文探讨了大学英语翻译教学的现状和存在的问题，以及如何采取必要措施，切实提高学生的翻译能力，为社会、市场输出更多符合需求的翻译人才。 【关键词】大学英语翻译教学问题 1.大学英语翻译教学的现状及存在问题 随着经济的全球化以及对外交流的进一步扩大，翻译能力的重要性得到进一步的凸显。而翻译成为一个正式的学科，也极大地推动了翻译教学的发展。根据国家教委颁发的《大学英语教学大纲》，对学生英语翻译能力的要求指能借助词典，将难度略低于课文的英语短文翻译成汉语，能达到基本的翻译要求，译速为每小时300个英语单词。但目前的翻译教学还存在很多问题，使达到这个目标有一定困难，亟待解决。 1.1教师定位不准确，与学生的互动和交流有待加强 翻译是一门注重实践的学科，学生需要大量的练习才能磨练出翻译水平，而在练习的过程中，翻译的技巧起着指导

性的作用。因此，教师在翻译课堂上更像是一个指路人，而并不是掌控课堂所有话语权的主导者。教师给予翻译技巧、翻译案例、应对方法，同时给学生的翻译实践做出反馈。而如果教师不给予学生一定的主动性，和学生的互动不够的话，势必会背离翻译教学的目标。 1.2 过分依赖多媒体技术 多媒体教学由教师、学生、教学内容与多媒体构成，其本质于传统课堂相同，只是加入了多媒体的手段。多媒体教学拥有很多传统的课堂教学模式没有的优势，但是这并不代表教师要完全摒弃传统的教学模式。然而，在实际操作过程中，很多教师过分依赖多媒体技术，却忽略了传统的教学模式的使用，结果不但没有提升教学质量，反而降低教学质量。在传统的教学环境下，教师撰写教案，在课堂上以板书的形式为学生讲解教学重点以及难点。多媒体环境下，教师为了节省板书的时间，采用PPT课件的形式进行教学。但如果完全依赖于教学课件，整节课堂不进行任何板书或只有少量板书，一味借助PPT进行讲解，教学效果便会大打折扣。更有甚者，一旦停电或者多媒体设备出现故障，便无法正常完成教学内容的讲解。 1.3只注重理论教育，忽略实践能力的培养 在全球化的背景下，社会需要的是既具有一定的理论基础，又具有一定的实践能力的综合性人才。但在目前的英语

2015年河海大学研究生英语一Unit1GhostsforTea(精)

Unit 1 Ghosts for T ea ' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope. 'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935.' “十便士看海湾风光。”那个带着望远镜的老头说道。 “多么晴朗美丽的早晨。来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年大海难的遗迹吧!” Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent. 十便士是纯粹的抢劫,可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。 Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unr olling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and do dging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one ano ther as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse sto od on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the light house, the man beside me tapped my wrist. 峭壁伸展向远处,海风激起的波浪闪耀着铺展在沙滩上,海面上几艘游艇伴着乳白色风帆优雅地弯成弧形避开。天空下方,一群海鸥在一只只的叫唤着,侧身滑过水面。离岸一英里处,在海浪贪婪地拍打的岩石上,那座古老的灯塔矗立在一石头平台上。的确我决不会吝惜钱。当我把望远镜对准灯塔时,我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。 ' Have you heard about the terrible tragedy that occurred there in that lighthouse? ' he asked in a hushed whisper.

外研版高中英语必修1课文逐句翻译

1.必修一MODULE 1 My First Day at Senior High升入高中的第一天 My name is Li Kang. I live in Shijiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing.我叫李康,住在离北京不远的石家庄市,它是河北省的首府。It is the capital city of Hebei Province. Today is my first day at Senior High school and I'm writing down my thoughts about it.今天是我升入高中的第一天,现在我就写写我这一天的感想。My new school is very good and I can see why. The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing.我的新学校非常好,理由如下,老师们很热情、很友好,而且教室很棒。Every room has a computer with a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen. 每间教室部配备有一台电脑,电脑屏幕是像电影院屏幕大小差不多的特殊屏幕。The teachers write on the computer, and their words appear on the screen behind them.老师在电脑上写字,这些字就出现在老师身后的屏幕上。The screens also show photographs, text and information from websites. They're brilliant!屏幕也能显示照片、文本以及网站下载的信息。真是太棒了! The English class is really interesting.英语课很有趣。The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen.老师是一位姓沈的非常热心的女士。We're using a new textbook and Ms Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school.由于我们使用的是新课本,沈老师的教学方法跟初中老师完全不一样。She thinks that reading comprehension is important, but we speak a lot in class, too. 她认为阅读理解很重要,而我们在课堂上说得也很多。And we have fun. I don't think I will be bored in Ms Shen's class!我们过得很快乐。我认为上沈老师的课我是不会感到厌倦的! Today we introduced ourselves to each other. We did this in groups. 今天我们以小 组的形式互相作了自我介绍。Some students were embarrassed at first but everyone was very friendly and it was really nice.有些同学开始还有些难为情,不过大家都很友好,真是太好了。Ms Shen gave us instructions and then we worked by ourselves.沈老师给了我们一些指导,然后我们自己活动。

大学课程英文翻译

BASIC 语言BASIC Language BASIC 语言及应用BASIC Language & Application C 语言C Language C++程序设计C++ Program Designing CAD 概论Introduction to CAD CAD/CAM CAD/CAM CET-4 College English Test (Band 4) CET-6 College English Test (Band 6) C与UNIX环境C Language & Unix Environment C语言科学计算方法Scientific Computation Method in C C语言与生物医学信息处理C Language & Biomedical Information Processing dBASE Ⅲ课程设计Course Exercise in dBASE Ⅲ Programming Languages Internet与Intranet技术Internet and Intranet Technology PC机原理Principle of PC Unix编程环境Unix Programming Environment Unix操作系统分析Analysis of Unix System Windows系统Windows Operation System 办公自动化Office Automatization 办公自动化系统毕业设计Office Automatization Thesis 办公自动化系统设计Office Automatization Design 编译方法Compilation Method 编译方法Methods of Compiling 编译技术Technique of Compiling 编译原理Fundamentals of Compiling, Principles of Compiler 编译原理课程设计Course Design of Compiling 操作系统Disk Operating System (DOS) 操作系统课程设计Course Design in Disk Operating System 操作系统与编译原理Disk Operating System & Fundamentals of Compiling 操作系统原理Fundamentals of Disk Operating System, Principles of Operating System 常微分方程Ordinary Differential Equations 程序设计Program Designing 程序设计方法学Methodology of Programming, Methods of Programming 程序设计及算法语言Program Designing & Algorithmic Language 程序设计语言Programming Language

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Imagine a guardsman, from the moment he falls in on parade in the morning until the moment th e parade is dismissed, every conscious action he makes is predetermined and controlled. If inadv ertently he does something that is not in the schedule, such as drop his rifle, he has to cover up t he accident by pretending to faint. To do anything other than conform might show originality and inventiveness, but from the point of view of military ethos（风气，社会思潮） would be immoral. 想象一下，一个卫士，从他早上在阅兵仪式的那一刻起直到游行解解散的那一刻,他的每一个有意识的动作都是受预定和控制的。如果他无意间做了什么计划外的事情，比如像掉了他的步枪，他不得不假装晕倒来掩盖事故。做除了承认以外的任何事情都可以展示出独创性和创造性，但是从军事风气的角度来看可能是不道德的。 That is an example of a thorough-going explicit moral system. In it actions are rigidly divided into right ones and wrong ones, permitted ones and non-permitted ones, and everyone involved acce pts this without question; and to train a participant in such a system is an explicit matter, and the simplest form of behaviour training, provided the learners acknowledge the teacher as an unques tionable authority who knows exactly what moral behaviour is. 这是一个彻底的显性道德体系的例子。它的行动被严格分为正确的和错误的，允许的和不准许的，并且体系内的人接受这个没有问题，并且培养在这样的系统中的参与者是一个明确的事情，，最简单的行为训练的形式，倘若学习者承认教师作为一个不容置疑的权威，明确分辨道德行为与否。Consider the same guardsman in the evening, in a tavern with a girl. His behaviour is not so rigor ously controlled, and he has many choices of action, many decisions to make. In that case, all sort s of pressures are influencing his choice of actions. What his peer group does, what is the custom at the moment in that area, what he thinks the girlfriend will accept or expect, maybe the sort of lifestyle he has seen displayed in television plays, the things he has read about in the papers, thes e are all contributing to his decisions. He has not been instructed explicitly, as in the morning, but he has had a much more diffuse implicit training in behaviour, derived from many sources.考虑同样的卫士，在晚上，同一个女孩在一个小酒馆。他的行为是不那么严格的受控制，他的行动有很多选择，很多决定去下。在这种情况下，各种压力都会影响他的行动选择。他的同龄人做的，此刻在此方面的习惯，他认为的这个女性朋友会接受或者拒绝的，或者他在电视上看到的生活方式，书上读到的故事，这些都有助于他的决定。同早上比，他没有被明确指示，但是他有一个更加扩散的隐性训练行为，来自多种来源。 These, then, are the two forms of education available to those who wish to influence others' mor als - the explicit instruction and the implicit influence of surrounding behaviour. Which do we use with school pupils, or do we perhaps need to make use of each at different times? Above, in desc ribing the morning parade morals of the guardsman, it was pointed out that explicit instruction d epended on the learner's acceptance of the authority of the instructor. Without that acceptance t he system breaks down. While to the same guardsman in the evening, in a tavern with a girl, such explicit moral exhortation would probably have little effect, because the speaker is not regarded as an authority, but rather as a crank. This illustrates the impossibility of having explicit moral edu cation unless all concerned have agreed on the fundamental principles, and on who has the right to expound them and say how they apply in practice. Where you have a society or an organizatio n in which such accord is possible, then behaviour is determined and can be the subject of explici t instruction.那么，明确的指导和周围环境的隐性影响是两种有效的教育模式对那些想要影响他人道德的人来说。我们用哪一种当面对学校学生是，或在不同时刻我们用每一个。上面，在描述上午游行的卫兵的道德时，指出显性指导依赖于学习者对指导者权威的承认。如果不承认系统就崩溃了。而相同的卫兵在晚上,在酒2013年ACCA/CAT考试全攻略每日一练历年

河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,特殊单词有注释)Unit 1 Ghosts for Tea

' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope. 'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck o f 1935.' 十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道：“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。” Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent. 要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。 Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the b each, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were b eing greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the teles cope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist. 峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。山崖下面，一群海鸥相互叫唤着，在海面上盘旋飞翔。离岸一英里处，在海浪贪婪地吮舔着的岩岸上，那座古老的灯塔矗立在一座石头平台上。说实话，我毫不吝惜那几个钱。当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时，站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。' Have you heard about the terrible tragedy that occurred there in that lighthouse?' he asked in a hushed whisper. 'I imagine there may be plenty of legends attached to such a dramatic-looking place' , I suggested . “您听过在那座灯塔里发生的一起骇人听闻的惨案吗?”他压低了嗓声对我说。“我想这个地方看起来非常富有戏剧性，有关它的传说一定不少，”我说。 'It's no legend' , declared the old man.'My father knew the two men involved. It all took place fift y years ago to-day. Let me tell you. His voice seemed to grow deeper and more dramatic. “这可不是传说，”那老头郑重其事地说。“我父亲认识那起惨案的两个当事人。一切都发生在50年前的今天。让我说给您听听吧。” 他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。 'For a whole week that lighthouse had been isolated by storms' , he began, 'with terrifying seas s urging and crashing over the rocks. People on shore were anxious about the two men working th ere. They'd been on the best of terms until two or three weeks before, when they had quarrelled over cards in the village inn. Martin had accused Blake of cheating. Blake had vowed to avenge th e insult to his honour. But thanks to the wise advice of a man they both respected, they apologise d to each other, and soon seemed to have got over their disagreement. But some slight resentme nt and bitterness remained. and it was feared that the strain of continued isolation and rough we ather might affect their nerves, though, needless to say, their friends had no idea how serious the consequences would be. “整整一个礼拜，风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。 “咆啸的大海波涛汹涌，海浪拍打着岩石，轰然作响。岸上的人们十分担心在那儿工作的两个人。他们俩是多年的挚友，但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对侮辱他人格的不实之辞进行报复。多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝，他们才互相道了歉，并以乎很快地结束了他们之间的不快。不过各自心里还有些怨恨。因此，人们担心长时间与世隔绝所造成的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使