unit1_硕士英语综合教程_课文翻译

Unit 1

1 Intel does it. So does Microsoft, Motorola, W. L. Gore & Associates, Southwest Airlines, Ben & Jerry’s Homemade, Hewlett-Packard, Lincoln Electric, and Starbucks. What is it? These companies pursue “people-first” strategies.英特尔公司奉行它。微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。它是什么？它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。

(Para. 2a) There is an increasing amount of evidence that successful organizations put people first. Why? Astute managers have come to learn that their organization’s employees are its only true competit ive advantage. Competitors can match most organizations’ products, processes, locations, distribution channels, and the like.越来越多的例子证明，成功的组织都是以人为本的。为什么？因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下，

(Para. 2b)But what’s far more difficu lt to emulate is a workforce made up of highly knowledgeable and motivated people. The characteristic that differentiates successful companies from their less successful counterparts in almost every industry is the quality of the people they’re able to get and keep.但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。几乎在所有的行业，那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们，主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。

(Para. 3a) What kind of practices differentiate people-first organizations? We can list at least four: (1) They value cultural diversity. They actively seek a diverse workforce based on age, gender, and race. (2) They are family friendly. They help employees balance work and personal responsibilities through programs such as flexible work schedules and on-site child care facilities. 哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。第二，它们具有家庭氛围。公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。

(Para. 3b)(3) They invest in employee training. These organizations spend heavily to make sure employee skill levels are kept current. This not only ensures that employees can handle the latest technologies and processes for the organization but that employees will be marketable to other employers. (4) People-first organizations empower their employees. They push authority and responsibility down to the lowest levels.第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。

(Para. 4) Organizations that put people first have a more dedicated and committed workforce. This, in turn, translates into higher employee productivity and satisfaction.

那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。

These employees are willing to put forth the extra effort — to do whatever is necessary to see that their jobs are done properly and completely. Let’s take a look at one of those successful organizations that pursue “people-first” strategies: Starbucks.

这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作，他们会

全力以赴。我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司：星巴克。

(Para. 5a)Wake up and smell the coffee —Starbucks is everywhere. The world’s number one specialty coffee retailer, Starbucks operates and licenses more than 8,000 coffee shops in more than 30 countries. The shops offer a variety of coffee drinks and food items as well as coffee and coffee accessories.

让你在咖啡中醒来！——星巴克无处不在。作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商，星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。

(Para. 5b)Starbucks operates more than 4,700 of its shops in five countries, while licensees operate more than 2,800 units. In addition, Starbucks markets its coffee through grocery stores and licenses its brand for other food and beverage products.

星巴克在五个国家拥有超过4700家店面，同时，它的授权经销商们还经营着2800多家店面。另外，星巴克还通过杂货店销售它的产品并且授权其它食品和饮料产品使用它的品牌。

(Para. 6) From its modest beginnings in 1971, Starbucks Coffee Company’s reach today extends across the U.S. to Canada, Europe, Asia, and beyond, bringing the Starbucks coffee experience to the customer almost anywhere.

从1971年成立之初至今，星巴克咖啡公司的经营已从美国蔓延至加拿大、欧洲、亚洲甚至更远，并让几乎每一个地方的顾客都享受到星巴克的咖啡体验。

(Para. 7a)Central to the company’s growth and success has been a constant dedicatio n to offering Starbucks customers the highest quality products. While the company’s success was built upon the core product, coffee, Starbucks has become much more than coffee.

该公司不断壮大和成功的核心在于坚持不懈地为顾客提供最佳品质的产品。公司的成功曾建立在它的核心产品，即咖啡上，但如今的星巴克已不仅仅只是出售咖啡。

(Para. 7b) It is a total coffee experience which encompasses everything from the decor of the retail locations and the music played within to the attitude of the Starbucks employees (known as “partners”), and even to the company’s desire to give back to the com munities it serves.

而是一种完整的咖啡经验，包括零售站的装潢、背景音乐的播放、星巴克员工的态度、以及公司渴望对它所服务的社会做出的回馈。

(Para. 8a) Since its inception, it has been the Starbucks employees who have helped drive the success of the company. But it was probably Howard Schultz who started the ignition.

从公司创建伊始到现在，星巴克的员工一直都是公司成功的主要推动者。然而，是霍华德·舒尔茨，真正地开启了它。

(Para. 8b)Schultz joined the company in 1982, more than a decade after the company’s first retail bean store opened in Seattle’s Pike Place Market. As director of retail operations and marketing he was influential in the move to provide Starbucks coffee to fine restaurants and espresso bars throughout Seattle.

从公司创建伊始到现在，星巴克的员工一直都是公司成功的主要推动者。然而，是霍华德·舒尔茨，真正地开启了它。星巴克最初在西雅图派克市场成立第一家店，经营咖啡豆，十几年后，即1982年，舒尔茨加入星巴克。作为零售及市场总监，他开始向西雅图的餐馆和咖啡店销售星巴克咖啡，他的这一决定意义重大。

(Para. 9a) A year after he joined the company a visit to Milan, Italy inspired Schultz to bring the Italian coffee-bar concept back to Seattle and put it into action in a new Starbucks location. It was a new foray for the company which previously had only provided freshly roasted beans for sale.

舒尔茨加入公司一年后去米兰出差。意大利给了舒尔茨以启发，他将意大利咖啡吧的概念带回西雅图，并付诸实践开了一家新的咖啡店。这对于之前只销售新鲜的烘焙咖啡豆的公司来说是一个新的冲击。

(Para. 9b) However, the overwhelming success of the espresso bar concept led Schultz to found Il Giornale, an espresso bar which offered brewed coffee and espresso beverages made using Starbucks coffee beans. A few months later, the continued success of the Il Giornale concept led to Il Giornale acquiring the assets of Starbucks in 1987 with the backing of local investors. The new company changed its name to Starbucks Corporation.

然而，舒尔茨的咖啡吧理念大获成功，他建立了每日咖啡厅，专门经营用星巴克咖啡豆煮出的咖啡和浓缩咖啡。几个月后，每日咖啡厅再次成功，并在当地投资者资金的支持下，于1987年买下了星巴克的全部股份。这家新的公司正式改名为星巴克公司。

(Para. 10) At that time, Starbucks operated 17 stores and had begun to expand beyond Seattle to cities such as Chicago and Vancouver. For the next decade and beyond, the company experienced tremendous growth bringing specialty coffee to the everyday consumer, and in the process helped create and define the specialty coffee industry.

当时，星巴克开设了17家店面并已经开始向西雅图之外的城市，如芝加哥和温哥华发展。在接下来的十年以及后来，公司发展迅猛，它将别具风味的咖啡带给大众消费者，并在这中间开创形成了独有的咖啡产业。

(Para. 11) While the success of the company often is attributed to the persistence and vision of the company’s current CEO, Howard Schultz, it is also the employee s, from management down to store level, who are at the heart of the company’s success

尽管该公司的成功往往要归功于其现任首席执行官霍华德·舒尔茨的坚持不懈和卓越远见，但公司上下的员工也是促使公司成功的关键因素。

(Para. 12) At the store level, Starbucks has been successful in bucking the norm at most retail service environments where employee turnover is high and competence or enthusiasm is waning. “When we first started our business, our attitude from the beginning was that the employees on the front line really have the most to do with our success,” said John Rich ards, Starbucks president, retail North America.

在店面层次，星巴克成功地抑制了在多数零售店普遍存在的员工流动率高、工作能力低或工作热情弱等问题。“自公司成立之初，我们就一直认为第一线的员工的确对我们公司的成功与否最为关键，”星巴克北美零售总裁约翰·理查德说道。

Para. 13) The challenges of a retail and food service environment have been overcome through a str ong employee base. “We’re fortunate that the turnover of managers and hourly employees is probably one of the best in the industry,” explained Richards.

正是借助强大的员工基础，我们克服了来自零售和餐饮业的挑战。“非常幸运，我们的管理人员和钟点工的流动量可能是业内最好的，”理查德解释道。

(Para. 14)Richards takes this employee loyalty as a compliment, but attributes it to the company’s dedication to each employee’s needs. Investment in “partners” has helped build their loyalty to the company, to coffee, to customer service, and to each other.

理查德非常赞赏这种员工的忠诚，但又将其归功于公司为满足每一位员工的需求所做的努力。对“合作伙伴”的投资有助于使他们形成对公司、对咖啡、对顾客服务及对彼此的忠诚。

(Para. 15)The heart of the Starbucks experience begins with employee training. For retail partners, the training program focuses on coffee knowledge, product expertise, customer service, and interpersonal skills —all necessary to understand the product they provide to customers on a daily basis in order to create the Starbucks experience.

星巴克经验的核心源自于员工培训。对于零售合作伙伴来说，培训项目主要是关于咖啡的知识，产品的专业技术知识，对顾客所提供的服务以及人际交往的技巧——他们有必要了解这些，从而明白每天向顾客提供什么样的产品来创造星巴克经验。

(Para. 16)New store-level partners are welcomed into the Starbucks community with a week-long indoctrination into the cultural aspects of the company. The technical aspects of the job — those that relate to beverage preparation, for instance — are covered. From there, it is the manager’s responsibility to follow up with in-store modules for ongoing training in specific areas.

新店面的店员会被送到星巴克社区接受为期一周的有关公司企业文化方面的教育。包括工作技术方面的知识，例如，饮品的准备。接着，各个区域的经理再根据店面的模式情况对其进行不间断的后续培训。

(Para. 17a) All full-and part-time partners who work at least 20 hours a week are offered a full slate of generous benefits. Among the benefits are full health and dental coverage, vacation, and participation in the company-wide stock option plan called Bean Stock.

所有的全职或兼职合作伙伴，只要一周工作满20小时，就可以享受一整套优厚的福利待遇。这些福利包括全额医疗及牙科保险、度假以及参与咖啡豆股票的认购，这是一项全公司范围的职工优先认股计划。

(Para. 17b)Loyalty and a sense of belonging are further emphasized in open forums where employees, regardless of position, are encouraged to bring their suggestions or concerns to the attention of corporate management. Often it is the barista who is the impetus for a change simply because he or she is the one on the front line dealing with customers on a daily basis.

员工对公司的忠诚度和归属感通过公开论坛得到了进一步加强，在论坛中员工无论职位高低都可以发表他们各自对公司管理的建议和关注。通常咖啡师都是创新的主力军，因为他/她每天在第一线与顾客们打交道。

(Para. 18a) Since most partners are also owners, they are very interested in getting access to company information. To accommodate this desire, senior management conducts quarterly open forums in the company’s different sales regions. Partners are encouraged to share their ideas and suggestions with senior management at these forums.

由于大多数合作伙伴也是公司的所有人，因此他们对了解公司的信息非常感兴趣。为了满足这一愿望，每个季度高层管理人员都会在公司不同的销售区域举办论坛。这些论坛鼓励所有的合作伙伴提出各自的想法和建议并与高级管理层分享。

(Para. 18b)Starbucks also distributes annual Bean Stock reports to all partners and the company publishes Pinnacle, a newsletter that spotlights company performance as well as the activities of individual partners company wide. Starbucks is also taking advantage of videos and teleconferencing to reach out to its partners.

星巴克还将每年的咖啡豆股票报告发给所有的合伙人，并出版一本名为《尖峰》的新闻通讯，它会对公司的运营和业绩以及全公司每一个合伙人的表现进行特别报导。星巴克现在还利用视频和电话会议的形式与它的合伙人们进行联络。

(Para. 19a)Being on the front line requires communication, be it communication in training employees to perform their job properly, or communic ation with customers.“Starbucks partners are always on the go. Customer flow is quite steady, and they have to perform tasks requiring a bit of knowledge,” Richards explained。

沟通对于销售第一线来说非常必要，正是沟通才使员工通过培训后能够准确无误地完成他们的工作，或者是与顾客的沟通。“星巴克的合作伙伴一直都是忙忙碌碌。顾客流动量非常稳定，他们要完成一些任务，必须要具备一定的知识，”理查德解释道，

(Para. 19b) “Because of the way the service line is set up, partners must interact with each other to complete a task, creating a sense of teamwork. Customers shift from station to station, coming into contact with several employees during one transaction. Therefore, communication is an essential part of our success.

“因为服务台设计的方式，这些合作伙伴必须相互合作才能完成一个任务，这样就会形成一种团队合作感。顾客从一个台子到另一个台子，在消费过程中他们会接触几位员工。因此，沟通是我们取得成功的重要组成部分。

(Para. 19c) The positive customer experience is based on the communication between partners and their customers.” Human interaction is essential and constant in the Starbucks environment and Richards believes that this constant interaction is the reason employees don’t get bored with their job. “They’re always challenged,” he said.

最有价值的顾客经验就是建立在合伙人与顾客之间的沟通之上的。”人与人之间的互动是至关重要的，并始终贯穿于星巴克的每一个角落，理查德相信，正是这种不断的互动使星巴克的员工对工作不厌其烦。“他们觉得到处都是挑战，”他说。

(Para. 20) Starbucks also uses self-managed work teams at its coffee bean roasting plants. Although plant managers and supervisors are responsible for the initial organization of the teams, partners are encouraged to take over the day-to-day workings of the teams including decision-making. Cross-functional teams of partners and supervisors are used to make hiring decisions.

在咖啡豆的烘焙厂里，星巴克还采用自我管理的工作团队。尽管烘焙厂的经理和总监们会负责最初工作团队的组建，但他们会鼓励合伙人负责团队的日常工作，包括决策在内。由合伙人和总监组成的跨职能工作团队已经习惯了自已决定员工的招募事宜。

(Para. 21)Starbucks is a living model of employee learning, ownership, involvement, and communication. The result is a superior product,coupled with customer service that is truly caring and responsive. The icing on the cake is sales growth of 65 percent a year over the last years while net income skyrockets by 70 to 100 percent a year.

星巴克是企业中员工学习、员工所有、员工参与和沟通的楷模。结果是上乘的产品，加上真正体贴入微、有求必应的顾客服务。令人欣慰的是，它的年销售量每年增加百分之六十五，净收入每年增涨百分之七十到百分之百。

(Para. 22)All in all, Starbucks offers an amazingly diverse range of opportunities and benefits to its partners. It’s little wonder that new stores continue to open at the rate of three to five every week, and employees are making careers at Starbucks instead of dropping out.

总之，星巴克为它的合作伙伴提供各种不同的机会和福利。难怪新的店面继续以每周3至5个的速度不断涌现，同时它的员工也选择在星巴克成就他们的事业而不是离开。

综合英语(一)课文及翻译

Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)

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NUIT1 大学已经不再特别了 有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。 20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966年，罗纳德?里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。 20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米?亨德里克斯或兰尼?布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。 可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。 没有了20世纪60年代大学生所发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化协会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时所考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。 童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能和经济有关。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。

研究生学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译

Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit

综合英语1课后翻译答案

Unit 1 1.他对这次面试中可能提到的问题作好了准备。（confront） He has prepared answers to the questions that he may confront during the interview. 2.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声来。（touch） His sad experience touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。(hand in hand) The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing. 4.听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。(well up) When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。(in common) People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在3年内买一幢新房子。(look into) Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。（give in to） He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。（lock away） We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相帮助。(part) Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we used to. 10.在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。（summon） At the critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.一个由外交部长率领的政府代表团昨天抵达南非，开始对该国进行为期3天的友好访问。（head） A government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa yesterday, starting a three-day friendly visit to the country. 2.看看这些讽刺社会弊端的漫画实在好笑。（awfully funny） It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills. 3.计算机是最有用的教学工具之一，所有的功课以及所有的问题和答案都可在屏幕上显示出来。（show on a screen） Computers are one of the most useful teaching tools, for all your lessons as well as all the questions and all the answers can be shown on a screen. 4.张利的母亲前天突然病倒，他赶紧派人请来医生。（send for） Zhang Li’s mother fell ill the day before yesterday, so he sent for a doctor immediately.