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高考英语单项填空对词汇的考查归纳

高考英语单项填空对词汇的考查归纳
高考英语单项填空对词汇的考查归纳

高考英语单项填空对词汇的考查归纳

词汇是构成语言的最小单位,也是构成语言的基础。正如建造一座高楼需要无数的砖块一样,英语的句子是由许多的单词构成的。掌握词汇知识在英语学习中是十分重要的。请看高考对词汇知识的考查:

1. 高考对名词的考查

主要考查名词在具体情境中的运用,侧重语境理解,较少涉及语法知识。如:

To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ______”(安徽卷)

A. Sky

B. Life

C. Arts

D. Voices

【解析】本题意为:为了拯救一些即将被遗忘的人类语言,我校学生举行了一场“拯救我们的_____”的讨论。其中的隐含信息为To save some of the human languages,据此可判断引号内的内容为Save Our V oices。V oice意为“声音”,因为语言与声音密不可分,故答案选D。

2. 高考对动词的考查

高考英语除对动词的考查,除重点涉及时态、语态、非谓语形式、非谓语动词等语法形式外,还经常涉及动词在特定语境的运用。如:

Does this meal cost $50? I ______ something far better than this! (全国I)

A. prefer

B. expect

C. suggest

D. suppose

【解析】B。expect的意思是“期待”“指望”。全句意为:这顿饭要50美元?我想花50美元所吃的东西应比这个东西好得多。

3. 高考对形容词的考查

除考查形容词的比较等级的用法外,还经常涉及形容词的习惯搭配以及形容词在具体语言环境下的使用。如:

Jack is late again. It is ______ of him to keep others waiting. (江西卷)

A. normal

B. ordinary

C. common

D. typical

【解析】D。It’s typical of sb to do sth为英语惯用句式,表示做某事是某人的固有特征或某人一向做某事,如:It’s typical of him to want to help. 他一向都愿意帮助人。It is typical of you to forget my birthday! 你管保把我的生日给忘了!

In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks ______ to people greeting him. (福建卷)

A. friendly

B. lively

C. worried

D. cold

【解析】A。do wrong to为习语,其意为“对待……不公正”“使……受到委屈”。根据常理,如果一个人受到不公正待遇,他会表现出不高兴。由于句中用了in spite of(尽管),它表明句子前后的意思有所转折,故空格处填friendly比较符合语境。

4. 高考对副词的考查

除考查副词的比较等级的用法外,还经常涉及副词的习惯搭配以及形容词在具体语境中的使用。如:

You’re driving too fast. Can you drive ______? (宁夏卷)

A. more slowly a bit

B. slowly a bit more

C. a bit more slowly

D. slowly more a bit

【解析】此题答案为C。句意为:你的车开得太快了,你能慢一点吗?考生易受汉语影响,由“慢一点”想到选项B或D,而不知道其不符合英语表达习惯。因为,more放在slowly 前构成比较级,程度副词a bit应放在more slowly之前起修饰作用。

5. 高考对代词的考查

主要考查不定代词,尤其是不定代词表两者还是表三者,是表肯定还是表否定等。如:—How do you find your new classmates?

—Most of them are kind. But ______ is so good to me as Bruce. (福建卷)

A. none

B. no one

C. every one

D. some one

【解析】A。根据句中表示转折的but可知,空格处应填一个表否定意义的代词,故可将答案锁定在A和B之间。none和no one的区别是:none往往暗示有一定的范围,即指在特定范围内没有一个人,而no one则不暗示这种范围。由于题目的上文问的是“你觉得你的新同学怎么样”,显然其范围是特定的,故用

【解析】B。while在此用作并列连词,表示对比,其意为“而”,又如:Some people like fat meat, while others hate it. 有些人喜欢肥肉,相反有些人讨厌肥肉。

7. 高考对介词的考查

主要考查两个方面,一是介词与其他词搭配,二是某些“较长”介词(如beyond, without 等)的用法。如:

—When did you last hear ______ Jay?

—He phoned me this morning, and we agreed ______ a time and place to meet. (湖南卷)

A. of, to

B. about, with

C. from, with

D. from, on

【解析】D。hear from作为固定短语的意思是“收到……的来信”,作为自由短语的意思是“从……得到消息”,此题中的hear from为后者的用法,又如:If I hear from Tim I may be leaving tonight. 如果我从蒂姆那儿得到消息,我可能今晚就离去。agree on主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议,如:Can we agree on a price (a date)? 我们能不能商定一个价格(日期)?

8. 高考对冠词的考查

高考英语对冠词的考查也涉及两个方面:一是考查冠词的最基本用法,如不定冠词泛指,定冠词表特指;二是考查冠词的特殊用法,如星期名词前冠词的使用,三餐饭名词前冠词的使用等。如:

In many places in China, ______ bicycle is still ______ poplar means of transportation. (重庆卷)

A. a; the

B. / ; a

C. the; a

D. the; the

【解析】C。第一空填定冠词,表示类别,the bicycle在此不是指“这辆自行车”,而是指“自行车”这一类别;第二空填不定冠词,表示“一种”,a poplar means of transportation 意为“一种受欢迎的工具”。

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