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【考研英语】考研英语阅读笔记

【考研英语】考研英语阅读笔记
【考研英语】考研英语阅读笔记

英语阅读笔记

一.文章的套路结构:(本笔记局限于说明文章,议论文章。)

1. 结论说明型

A.文章开始出现一个结论,后为对他的解释

B.TS(topical sentence即主题句)即为为结论出现支出;注意特别容易的情况是每一段之主题句是该段首句。

C.什么是“判断句”?---通常很重要,判断结论说明型靠判断句,直指主题

a.系表结构:be. remain

b.含有作者的态度和评价,注意可能有自由褒贬词

2.新老观点型

A.判断标志:

文章开始不久就出现了老观点,例如:

it was traditionally assumed?

it was once / usually believed?

Many ××believed that?

Many ××have argued?

It was frequently assumed that?

It was universally accepted that?

过去.传统.大家一致公认的观点,都是老观点。

B.TS:陈述新观点的句子。

C.新观点特征:

对同一focus给出不同的解释。

读到老观点的时候,应该停下来想一想,新观点可能是什么样子,从而往下有目的地寻找。

3.现象解释型

A.判断标志:首段给出一个自然的或社会的现象,往往很古怪,下文对其做出解释。

B.可能有多种解释,TS:作者给了正评价的解释。

C.需要注意的是:

a.可能先给出几个错误的(作者持负评价),最后一个才是正确的(正平价)。

b.可能所有解释作者全都不喜欢。

4.问题解决.回答型

A.判断标志:

a.手段出现了设问句。

b.首段出现了以下词语:problem difficulty task puzzle 等

B.TS:作者给出正评价的解决方案。

5.其他类的文章

前班部分是以上四种结构之一,后半部分讲了一些与前面无关的内容。

TS在前面,从前面不从后面

二.做题的几条原则

1.先读文章后做题也可以先看题在看文章,建议仔细看全文,才能把握主题不至于上当

2.不能凭印象,或自己的知识背景做题。这点我很有感触,作题不能想当然

2. 做细节题:必须找原文语言重现,正确选项为原文的精确改写。(难大题目用选项中的关键词语,扫描全文,此外在读原文时有意识的记一下

三.平常复习的建议

1.复杂句式――重点训练。推荐王若平的大学难句和考研难句,随便哪本都可以。价格好象是20大元。难句重点训练省略,倒装,复杂从句,等

2. 生词.词组:注意熟词僻义

3. 注意对找主题句绝对敏感;

4.重点把握:A文章结构;B作者态度。

具体作题思维:

下面是我的习惯。希望网友斧正

1. 第一遍读文章的时候,第一段的1-2句要重读,可能出主题,或是1-2句本身是作者要批驳的标把其后几段

1)例子,注意考in order to 题型,答案或前或后,例子的目的要比例子本身重要。如果细节题要注意选乡有变化,出题老师不会送分给你

2)“:”“--”同义重复“;”相当于顺接连词

3)顺接连词:moreover ,furthermore等。

a. 前后作者态度一致,可以用于旁证作者态度;

b. 前面如果有不认识的动词或者形容词,后句还可以作挣扎;

c. 如果全段都没有结构连词,则缺省为顺接关系,段首为主句。

4)让步语气:

·让步之后必有转折,转折部分一定要读懂强转折很可能出题;

·如果转折句没有读懂,则回过头去看让步部分,取他的相反即可这样还是可以读懂句子。

5)观点.说法:

具体内容可以快速略去,关键要把握代表人物.作者态度。作者态度很重要,很可能出题

2.选项处理

1)直选法:精确定位是关键。

2)正确选项必须是原文的精确改写:

a.主动词:与原文同义或者近义;

b.直接宾语;

c.范畴:包括各种状语(时间.地点等).作用范围.人物群体等等。

3.排除法:

1)最重要的是文字对应法;

2)先应该纵向扫描选项,如果在讲同一对象,则先回原文定位,再做选择。

四.重点语言现象

1. 主题句

2. 每段的主体词、关键词(两三个)

3. 强对比(肯定、绝对要出题1)unlike, in contrast to, be distinguish from

2)时间:once, now, new, nowadays, current ideas, until, recently, past,

in 1950’s?

3)最高级,唯一性

·最高级:most, uttermost, foremost, least, always, never, first, last, all, every, any, each, none, -est ·唯一性:only, sole, unique, exclusively, mere

关联对比词:a. Unlike(相反)b. Contrast c. On the other hand d. On the contrary

4. 强转折

虽然:However/While

但是:But, Yet, Whereas

In fact-Actually2. 强因果

Because/Since/For/冒号/分号

表所以:Thus/Hence/Therefore/Lead to/Result in/Result from/Lie in

表结论:Conclude/Conclusion/Conclusive

表后果:Consequent/Consequence

5. 强调词、强调性语言

1) 最高级

顺序最高级:First

频率最高级:Always/Never

程度最高级:Foremost/Uttermost/Utmost

2) 唯一性

Only/Sole(ly)/Unique(ly)/Exclusive(ly)/Alone(后置)

3) 比较级

More than/Less than/As…as…/Simi lar to/The same as

慎重对待题肢中的最高级、比较级

6. 专有名词

人名、物种(动植物)、化学物质、地名

Nevertheless-Nonetheless

Rather-Instead

Despite-In spite of

注意:

极端转折(最后半句是想说的)

多重转折三中标点符号

引号(引用某人原话;表强调;表负评价)——易出题

括号、破折号——表插入、补充、解释

6. 判断句(定性结论、提纲挈领)(可能是主题体)

1) 系动词、情态动词

Be/Remain/Seem/Can/Cannot/May/Might

2) 自由褒贬词

例:His (brazen/penetrating) view (successfully/curiously) changed our attitude

第二部分题目类型

一.主题题型

(一)问main idea, primary purpose,title,etc

1.正确选项必须具备三个特征:

①有focus;②无细节;③态度与原文一致

--能找到TS则直接改写,找不到依据这三个特征使用排除法

2.先看选项的主体动词,迅速排除干扰项

①presentation型的文章

present, describe, explain, illustrate, point out?(此只是技巧有时靠不住)

②argumentation型的文章

evaluate, criticize, refute, challenge, counter, correct

--出现了则优先选(此只是技巧有时靠不住)

(二)问focus: 应直接定位TS

需要注意以下几点:

后面出现大段无关论述时:主题“从前不从后”;

从面TS已对某事物给了正态度,末尾再作转折,说一些毛病,缺点,这是倒让步,而不是文章的重点,不用考

虑!

二.作者态度题型

态度题的做法:

判断依据:

1判断句(系动词、情态动词、自由褒贬词)前面两个好理解,自由褒贬词一说是新东方老师的称呼,这也是他教的方法。通过找它对判断作者态度很有作用,但前提是你对全文的结构逻辑把握的比较好,单纯通过自由褒贬词的判断还是不很保险,但这是一个思路,考研英语的语言难度不是太大,还是好判断的

2某些某些名人说话引号中的形容词或副词表评价(注意我上次改正的帖子,我也贴在这里

所谓名人态度题分两种,

1是问某人态度,可能出某人的A TTITUDE NOT INCLUDE。。。?2是主题的态度,借名人来造势

这就出现了

1作者的意见和名人的一致,要注意全文的起承转合,比较明显的词FOR EXAMPLE SUCH。。AS 。。SUCH AS。等等很多,自己平常作题时有意识记一下,只要知道下面的话是用来支持观点的,所以我说,例子的的目的要重要于例子本身,这种题容易丢分。

2作者的意见和名人的不一致,有时名人的话只是给文章好开个头,批的就是他。这就是观点对立式主题文章的类型,在文中的明显的词有:IS TEMPTED TO SAY,IT IS PRESUMEL Y BELIEVEED THAT 。。。等等,平常作题时有意识记一下,注意观点对立式这里就一定出现了意思的强转折,例如HOWER,BUT ,WHILE,ON THE CONTRARY 等等。而且在阐述作者本身观点时可能会有自由褒贬词,一定要小心呀

3一些实义动词表评价,尤其在讲原理,或研究的文章中:(我举了一些实际远不止这么多,建议自己总结一下

a. 负:fail to/overestimate/underestimate/exaggerate/

misinterpret/misrepresent/ignore/neglect/overlook

b. 正:find/discover/show/demonstrate/prove/confirm/determine

4)让步:前半句是假话;后半句是真正要说的,转折:一般大负小正原则上以大为准兼顾小的,如果选乡中只有大的以大为准。

a. It is true/correct; Of course

b. No doubt; Undoubtedly

c. 助动词do/may/seem/appear

5)从大不从小原则:从全文来讲,看前面、开头或主题讲的是什么评价。

2. 做题注意事项:

1)避免极端选项,太激进的选乡,请注意极端选项排除法只是个辅助的方法,适用范围较窄。

2)混和评价的正确选项的表达方式:

a. …but/and…

如:critical but admiring(大正小负)

correct but limited correct and incomplete

b. 由修饰词所限定的评价词:

partially (correct); qualified (approval)(打了折扣的,有限制的);

guarded (criticism) (慎重的);tentative (acceptance)(暂时的,尝试性的)

reluctant (criticism)(不情愿的);enthusiasm tempered by minor reservation

还有INFER 题我真的对他没什么把握,他对应试者的素质要求很高。

三.该拿分的定位题

--需要重点练习迅速定位.精确改写的技巧!!细节题目有时考的很偏应尽量拿分再次提醒不要用背景知识答题。

1.in order to题型(example的作用?)

①原文先总结,后example,则应该往前定位

标志:for example/for instance/such as/like

②原文先example,后总结归纳,则应该往后定位

标志:thus, hence, conclusion

③如果没有任何标志,则前后为顺接关系,一般为先结论后举例,往前定位

2强对比取非题

①简单强对化

unlike, in contrast to, compared with

②时间强对比---时间可能有变化,比如原文1970S,选项为30 DECADES AGO,等等

3.态度题

4.主题问TITLE题

5,决大多数细节题,关键看你的敏感度和瞬间记忆,作完主题题再查找也可以。

本人做阅读两遍操作

下面说说我的思维过程(很多是新东方教的再结合网友经验):

1第一段详细读,集中最高注意力的读,每一句都读(因为判断套路60%看第一段能做出个预测).

2 每段首句好好读,尽可能多的把握其用意,尤其是和文章结构的关系,在这样结构的文章中充当什么角色如果这一段写的是观点,则一定要读,不仅要读,还要思考,思考它在全文中的作用,思考它的启承转合。重点要读读新观点如果这一段是个研究,试验,则明白它的研究对象, 看到启程转合,凝神静看。放慢速度. 如果这一段写的是观点,则一定要读,不仅要读,还要思考,思考它在全文中的作用,思考它的启承转合!其中重点读新观点,旧观点略! 如果这一段讲的是个具体的内容,进程,事件,原理...则基本不要读,知道他讲什么就够了!读转折词,这是为了看看是否有意外的观点!没有,则可以做题了! 遇到however ,in fact ,is

driven to, purpose of, instead of, not...but..., unlike, contrast. 等等等有指导意义的词组,要慢读,并且使劲记住主体词!

例如涉及到谁,反对了什么。全文中for example, for instance等不读.想一下是针对谁举的例子就可以,记住,例子的目的远远比内容要重要. 末句之重要!因为文章该结束了,作者一般在这个时候必须给读者一个交待,所以通常讲出一些比较有指导意义的话! 对于文章末句要予以高度关注,尤其是末断的让步!一般不能撼动前面作者一直持续的态度,只是作者为了严谨客观起见的阐述.

3。同时划记号

如:

主题结构类(主题.organization.各段作用.各段结构.态度.写作;)

in order to题,imply题,所以遇到in order to一定要笔记;

大写名词,斜体字,一定要记

强对比(rather than. unlike.)

列举,3个以上的列举

连词(not..but..; not only..but also.. ;no longer ..but

缺陷,尤其是unless怎样怎样,就更好,一定要笔记

最后还有细节题。这种题型相对有一些难度,但是如果对段落的把握比较好,就好定。这要求在读文的时候有意识记住,对瞬间记忆要求高

4读完后不急作题,花10秒理一下思路和结构,先做主题题INORDER TO 提等和全文有关的题目5。细节题目,第二遍查找式阅读因为对主题把握的好,又记录了一些细节,所以相对速度还凑活

后记:

方法不是绝对,怎么方便怎么来,这也是我主持这次讨论的原因,对自己一段时间的学习做个检讨,总结。我的这些意见只提供参考,总之,作题,分析是为了提高分数,方法不是绝对,怎么方便怎么来,但我建议大家还是学会预测。顶级高手确实一遍就过,因为我的现在的室友就是。

其实我考英语专业,为什么和你们讨论这个问题呢,是因为英语专业的基础英语的阅读特别难,我报的学校每年因为基础英语不及格的人站决大多数。其实就丛文章来说。我们的只是词汇量大,但难句并不多。阅读的选乡的迷惑度也没有你们的大,这就是为什么许多没有研究过你们的提的英语专业已经过专8的人考你们的卷子只有70多分的原因。所以多做是必要,但要提高还要分析。这一点qqdeai 和我达成了共识,因为从大家的基础来看,能提出问题,至少词汇量是没什么问题了的,我也是去年考TOEFL时狂背GRE红宝书,冲击TOEFL的,同时这也为我今年考验作好了词汇准备。虽然词汇很熟而我现在还在坚持复习已经被了的词汇(每天2个LIST250个词45分钟)就够了,只有对词的精确理解才能对作者的态度有更深的了解,考验中社科。科技经济的文章判断作者的态度和语气的深度是很难把握的,对词的精确理解将无疑有住于理解的提高。

所以我的阅读建议是:

1.在大量做阅读提时,不要放松单词,强调单词的精确理解即就是单词在脑海中的IMAGE,有些单词实在不好懂的,请查英英字典,单词背诵坚持到考试前1-2周,每天40分钟复习200-300个就够了。被完几遍后,以后越来越快,有时6000个单词2-3天就可以跑一遍

2.不要放松难句子训练,而且要坚持,因为对句子的结构敏感不练习就回退

3.作题时要卡时间,开始时不必严格,但不能超时很多但过10月份做模拟体时一定要卡的很准4.注意分析文章结构,可以根据我的笔记找出题点。思维要熟练。一般如果作题1小时,那么分析可能要3小时

5.精读的同时,要注重泛读,熟悉政治经济文化的特书表达法。注意熟词辟义

6.阅读要经常做,务必保持感觉

7.注重休息,否则影响阅读速度和正确率

8.多和网友同学交流经验教训,有助于提高

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学

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