大学英语精读

女性的职业弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫

l.你们的秘书邀请我时对我说你们妇女服务团关注的是女性就业问题，她提议我讲一讲我就业的亲身体验。我是女性，这是事实；我有工作，这也是事实。但我又有什么职业体验呢?这很难讲。我从事的是文学职业，与其他职业相比，当然不包括戏剧行业，在文学职业里几乎没有什么女性体验，我的意思是几乎没有女性特有的体验。多年前，路已开辟出来。许多知名的女性---范妮·伯尼、阿芙拉.贝恩、哈丽雅特·马蒂诺、简·奥斯汀、乔治·艾略特---和许多不知名以及已被人忘记的女性在我之前铺平了道路并指导我向前走。因此，在我从事写作时，几乎没有物质障碍。写作这个职业既受人尊敬又没有危险。写字的沙沙声不会打破家庭的和平，写作也不需要什么家庭开销。花16便士买的纸足够用来写莎士比亚的所有戏剧---要是你有那样的才智的话。作家不需要钢琴和模特，不用去巴黎、维也纳和柏林，也不需要家庭教师。当然，廉价的写作用纸是女性作为作家成功而先于其他职业的原因。

2．我讲讲我的故事，那只是个平常的故事。你们自己设想一个姑娘，手里握着一支笔坐在卧室里。从十点钟到一点钟她只是不停地由左向右写，然后她想到做一件既省钱又省力的事---把那些纸张放进信封，在信封的一角贴上一张一便士的邮票，把信封投进拐角的一个红色邮筒。我就是这样成了一名撰稿人。我的努力在下个月的第一天得到了回报---_那是我一生中非常快乐的一天。我收到了编辑寄来的一封信，里面装有一张一英镑十先令六便士的支票。为了让你们了解我不值得被称作职业女性，对人生的艰难和奋斗知之甚少，我得承认我没用那笔钱买食物、付房租、买袜子和肉，而是出去买了一只猫，一只漂亮的波斯猫，这只猫不久就引起了我和邻居间的激烈争端。

3．什么会比写文章并用赚得的钱买波斯猫来得更容易?但再想一想，文章得有内容。我好像记得我的文章是评论一部名人写的小说。在写那篇评论时，我发现要想写书评我就必须和某个鬼怪做斗争。这个鬼怪是个女子，在我逐渐对她有进一步了解后，我用一个有名的诗歌里的女主人公的名字“家里的天使”来称呼她。就是她，在我写评论时，总是在我和我的写作之间制造麻烦。就是她总是打扰我，浪费我的时间，如此地折磨我，最终我杀死了她。你们年轻快乐的这一代人可能没听说过她---你们可能不知道我说的“家里的天使”是什么意思。我要简单地讲一讲。她有极强的同情心，非常有魅力，一点都不自私，做高难度的家务非常出色，天天作自我牺牲。如果有只鸡，她就吃鸡腿，如果屋里通风，她就坐在风口。总之，她就是这样的人，没有自己的想法和期望，总是准备为他人的想法和期望作出牺牲。首要的是---我不需要这么说--- 她纯洁。纯洁被认为是她的最美之处---她爱脸红，典雅大方。在那时，维多利亚时代后期，每个家庭都有天使。我刚一提笔写字就会遇见她。她那翅膀的影子映在纸上，在屋子里我能听到她裙子沙沙作响。也就是说，我一拿起笔写那位名人的书评，她就会悄悄地溜到我身后悄声对我说：“亲爱的，你是个年轻姑娘，你在给男人写的书写评论。要有同情心，要温柔，要奉承，要说假话，要使用女性全部的小伎俩。不要让任何人看出你有自己的见解。首要的是要纯洁。”她就这样引导我的写作。下面我要说说多少是我自己决定做的一件事情，当然做此事的功劳主要还应归功于我那了不起的祖先，是他们给我留下了一笔财产---比如说每年500英镑吧---这样我就不必完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了。我对她发起突然进攻，扼住她的喉咙。我尽最大努力杀死她。要是因此被带上法庭的话，我的辩护词就是我是自卫，如果我不杀死她，她就会杀死我，她会拔掉我进行写作的心。因为我发现在写作时，要是没有自己的见解，不能真实表达人与人之间的关系、道德和性的话，你一本小说的评论都写不出来。依照“家里的天使”，所有这些问题女性都不能公开和自由地讨论。她们必须使用魅力，必须作出让步，更直接地说，她们想要成功就必须说假话。因此，无论何时在纸上感到有她的翅膀或光晕的影子，我就会拿起墨水瓶，向她砸去。她不容易死去，她那非真实的特性对她是极大的帮助。杀死鬼怪要比杀死真实的人艰难多了。在我认为我已杀死她时，她就会悄悄地溜回来。尽管我自己确信我最终杀死了她，但搏斗得很激烈，消耗的时间要比学希腊语语法或周游世界体验冒险经历的时间多多了。但是，这是真实的体验，这种经历在那时会降临到所有女作家的头上。杀死“家里的天使”是女作家职业中的一部分。

4．继续讲我的故事。天使死后，还有什么东西留下来了呢?你们会说留下的是一个简单又普通的物体--- 一个年轻姑娘坐在有墨水瓶的卧室里。换句话说，既然她已经摆脱掉说假话的错误观念，那么这个年轻姑娘可以做回自己了。噢，什么是“她自己”呢?我的意思是什么是妇女。我向你们保证我不知道，我相信

你们也不知道。我相信，只有妇女在人类知识所涉及的全部文艺艺术和专业领域中用创造形式表达自己的情感后，她们才知道什么是妇女。这就是我来这里的原因之一，出于对你们的敬重。你们通过实验在向我们展示什么是妇女；你们通过自己的成功与失败在为我们提供重要的信息。

5．下面接着讲我的职业体验。我的第一篇评论赚了一英镑十先令六便土，我用那笔钱买了一只波斯猫。接下来我雄心勃勃，我说，波斯猫不错，但还不够，我一定要有一辆汽车。我就这样成为一名小说家---要是你给人们讲故事他们就会给你一辆汽车，这可是很奇怪的事情。更奇怪的事情是世界上没有比讲故事更令人快乐的事情了，讲故事远比写评论有趣。然而，如果听从秘书的建议，讲述我作为小说家的职业体验的话，我必须告诉你们我的一个很奇怪的经历。要想明白这一点，你们必须想像小说家的意识状态。如果我说小说家的重要愿望是尽量处于无意识状态，我希望我没有泄露行业秘密。他得使自己处于持久的昏睡状态，他想要过一种最安静、最有规律的生活。他希望在他写作时，每天见的人、读的书、做的事都是相同的，这样任何事物都不会打破他生活的幻想，也不会扰乱他的四处探求以及对那令人难以捉摸的东西即想像力的突然发现。我认为这种状态对于男人和女人是一样的。尽管如此，我请你们想像我在迷睡的状态中写小说。请你们想像一个女孩坐在桌旁，手里握着笔，几分钟甚至几小时都未曾动过墨水瓶。当我想到这女孩时，脑海里浮现出一个形象：一个深深的湖边有一位钓鱼者，他手握鱼竿，沉浸在梦境中。她在让想像力自由自在地在位于无意识的最深层的世界的各个角落畅游。现在这种体验来了，我认为这种体验发生在女人身上要比发生在男人身上平常得多。鱼竿在女孩的手指间快速地转动，她的想像力被冲跑了。想像力搜寻了池塘、池塘的最深处以及最大的鱼生活的暗处。就在这时传来了猛烈撞击声、爆炸声，出现了水花，一片混乱。想像力撞到了坚硬的东西。那个女孩从睡梦中惊醒，她陷入了一种最深刻、最艰难的痛苦状态。不用修辞手段、直截了当地说，她想到了一件事情，一件不适合女人讲的有关身体和激情的事情。她的理智告诉她，男人会感到震惊的。她意识到男人们会如何议论一个敢讲有关激情真话的女人，这使她从艺术家的无意识状态中惊醒了。她再也写不下去了，迷睡结束了，想像力也不再起作用。我认为这是女作家非常普遍的切身体验---另一性别非常传统的观念阻碍着她们。尽管男人们理智上在这些方面给自己极大的自由，我认为他们未必会认识或控制他们谴责女人这种自由时的猛烈程度。

6．这些就是我自己的两种真实体验，我职业生涯中的两个异乎寻常的经历。第一个---杀死“家里的天使”，我认为我已经解决了，她死了。但第二个---真实地讲述我的身体和激情，我认为还没有解决。我认为任何女性都还没有解决这个问题。不利于她的那些障碍还有很强大的力量，也很难给它们下定义。从外表看，什么比写书更容易呢?从外表看，有什么障碍会阻碍女人而不是男人呢?从内心精神方面看，情况颇为不同。妇女还要与许多鬼怪展开斗争。还有许多偏见需要克服。当然，我认为，女人不用杀死鬼怪，不用击碎岩石就能够坐下来专心写书还需要很长时间。如果在文学领域---女性最自由的职业里情况如此的话，那么在你们第一次从事的新职业里情况又会如何呢?

7．如果有时间，这些就是我要问你们的问题。当然，如果我重点强调我的职业体验的话，那是因为我相信，尽管方式不同，它们也是你们的体验。即使道路名义上是宽阔的--- 没有任何事情可以阻碍妇女成为医生、律师和公务员，但我相信前面仍有许多鬼怪和障碍若隐若现。讨论和界定这些障碍是十分重要的。因为只有如此我们才能共同努力克服困难。除此之外。还有必要讨论我们为之奋斗，为之与难以克服的障碍作斗争的目的。那些目的是什么，对这个问题我们不能想当然，而要不断地提出疑问和进行审视。在我看来，在这里，在这个被有史以来第一次从事这么多种不同职业的妇女所包围的大厅里，整个状况都非常耐人寻味，而且还有重要意义。在这个迄今为止专门由男人控制的房子里，你们已经赢得了自己的房间。尽管不可能不付出很大的劳动和努力，你们能够自己付房租了，能够每年挣自己的500英镑。但是，这种自由才刚刚开始，房间是你的，但里面空无一物。房间还需要置办家具，需要装饰物，需要有人与你分享。你准备置办什么样的家具，准备进行什么样的装修，准备和谁一起合用这个房间，有什么条件?我认为这些问题非常重要，非常耐人寻味，因为有史以来你们第一次提出这些问题，第一次自己能够决定这些问题的答案。我非常愿意留下来和你们一起讨论这些问题并找到答案。但今晚不行，我的时间到了，就讲到这里吧。

I. Vocabulary

A. Look up the following words and phrases. Select the meaning that best suits the sentence in which eachappears.

1.stage:the theater, drama, or acting as a profession

2. reputable:in a good repute; having a good reputation; well-thought-of; respectable

3.phantom:ghostly image or figure; ghost

4. angel: a messenger of God; a person regarded as being as beautiful, good, innocent, etc. as an angel, esp. said of women or children

5.draught: a current of air in a room

6.art:1 ) ability, skill or application of a skill;

2) (pl) sly, cunning tricks fine skill or aptitude in creating or expressing what is

beautiful, esp. in visual form

7.credit: praise; approval for an act; abiliy or a quality

8.proceeds: (pl) the money or profit derived from a sale, business venture, etc.

9. to induce: (fml) to cause a particular physical condition

10.to nose: to look closely and inquisitively

11. trance:a state in which you behave as if you were asleep but are still able to hear and understand what is saidto you, similar to the unconscious state

12nominally: . in name only

IV. Questions on Appreciation(抄)

1.

The language that Virginia Woolf uses in the essay is highly figurative and colloquial. She uses a lot ofmetaphors in the essay to present the obstacles facing professional women.

2.

To discuss professions for women in general, Virginia Woolf talks about her own professional expertences. She begins by telling her story how she became a book reviewer by overcoming big obstacles. The purpose of telling her own story is to make the description authentic and vivid. From Para 3 the author alerts her audience that a woman has to overcome great difficulties in order to have her own profession by using a vivid metaphor "killing the Angel in the House".

3.

In recounting her first professional experience the author uses a metaphor the Angel in the House. She compares the phantom she has to fight against to the Angel in the House. She uses the vivid metaphor"killing the Angel in the House" to describe her resolution to avoid the traditional woman's role as a sympathizer to men. The original meaning of the word "angel" is a messenger of God and a supernatural being to whom are attributed greater than human power, intelligence, etc. The conventionalized image of an angel is one of a white-robed figure in human form with wings and a halo. When used figuratively, the word means a person regarded as being

as beautiful, good. inno cent, etc. as an angel, especially said of women and children. Since an angel is supernatural and often female, it is appropriate for the author to call the phantom an angel. 4.

The author makes the transition between the discussion of her first professional experience and hersecond one by introducing and answering the question "What is a woman?" in Para 4.

5.

"The image of a fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake" is the metaphor the author uses to describe her second experience as a novelist.

6.

In Para 7, the author concludes her speech by raising some important questions concerning the new role of women and the new relationship between men and women. The metaphor used in this paragraph is "a room of one's own". A room is a space, not only for living, but also for creative activity. Here a room is compared to freedom, while the house is compared to the whole society. The implied meaning of the sentence is that through fighting against the Angel in the House, througii great labor and effort, some women have gained a position or certain freedom in society which has been up to now dominated by men.

7.

The author concludes her speech by raising some questions which are pbrased figuratively. By these questions, the author alerts her audience that women are now faced with a set Of new questions as "What is the new role of a women?" What should be the relationship between men and women'?" She simply raises these questions in her concluding remarks of this piece, without attempting to answer them.

8.

The whole speech is well organized, clearly presented and vividly illustrated. To discuss professions for women in general, the author talks about her own professional experiences. Sire begins by telling her story how she became a book reviewer by overcoming big obstacles. She outlines the ways in which gender-consciousness affected, or threatened to affect, her writing career. She uses a vivid metaphor "killing the Angel in the House" to describe her resolution to avoid the traditionalwoman's role as a sympathizer to men. As a novelist, she faces a second challenge. Wishing to remain "as unconscious as possible so that nothing may disturb or disquiet.., the imagination", she was thrown into "a state of the most acute and difficult distress" by the conflict between her own approach to art and the conventional approach which male critics expected her to take. "Fo illustrate this point, she employs "the image of a fisherman lying sunk dreams on the verge of a deep lake". After killing the Angel in the House, the author points out that the obstacles against a woman "are stillimmensely powerful and yet they are very difficult to define". In conclusion, she states: "You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men... But this freedom is only a beginning; the room is your own, but it is still bare. It has to be furnished; it has to be decorated; it has to be shared. " In the speech, the author gives a clear and convincing presentation of the obstacles facing professional women.

V. Explain the following in your own words, bring out any implied meanings.

1.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna, and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by a writer.

If you want to be a musician or a painter, you must own a piano or hire models, and you have to visit or even live in cultural centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you don't need all this.

2. She would have plucked the heart out of my writing.

Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of my writing, the essence of my writing.

3. Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her.

Thus, whenever I felt the influence of the Victorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with all my power.

4.For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I doubt that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.

It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions. But if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. And I do not believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women.

5．Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a book without finding a phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against.

It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and to overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body and passions.

6. Even when the path is nominally open---when there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor , a lawyer, a civil servant--there are many phantoms and obstacles,as I believe looming in her way.

Even when the path is open to women in name only, when outwardly there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false ideas and obstacles impeding a woman's progress.

7.you have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men (Through fighting against the Angel in the House, through great labor and effort, ) you have gained a position or certain freedom in a society Which has been up to now dominated by men.

VI. Translate the following into Chinese.

A．Phrases

1．Regulating my steps: 指导我向前走

2．The family purse: 家庭财力/经济

3．Caught her by the throat: 扼住她的喉咙

4．In the depths of our unconscious being:在无意识的最深层

5．To speak without the figure: 不用修辞手段、直截了当地说

6．The extreme conventionality of the other sex: 男性极端的因循守旧

7．Upon what terms:以什么为条件/在什么样的条件下

B．Sentences

1．It was she who used to come between me an my paper when I was writing reviews.

就是她，在我写评论时，总是在我和我的写作之间制造麻烦。

2．I now record the one act for which I take some credit to myself, though the credit rightly belongs to some excellent ancestors of mine who left me a certain sum of money--shall we say five hundred pounds a year? --so that it was not necessary for me to depend solely on charm for my living.

下面我要说说多少是我自己决定做的一件事情，当然做此事的功劳主要还应归功于我那了不起的祖先，是他们给我留下了一笔财产——比如说每年500英镑吧——这样我就不必完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了。

3．I do not believe that you know. I do not believe that anybody can know until she has expressed herself in all the arts and professions open to human skill.

我相信，只有妇女在人类知识所涉及的全部文艺艺术和专业领域中用创造形式表达自己的情感后，她们才知道什么是妇女。

4．He wants to see the same faces, to read the same books, to do the same things day after day, month after month, while he is writing, so that nothing may break the illusion in which he is living--so that nothing may disturb or disquiet the mysterious nosings about, feelings round, darts, dashes, and sudden discoveries of that very shy and illusive spirit, the imagination.

他希望在他写作时，每天见的人、读的书、做的事都是相同的，这样任何事物都不会打破他生活的幻想，也不会扰乱他的四处探求以及对那令人难以捉摸的东西即想像力的突然发现。5．Be that as it may, I want you to imagine me writing a novel in a state of trance.

尽管如此，我请你们想像我在迷睡的状态中写小说。

6．The consciousness of what men will say of a woman who speaks the truth about her passions had roused her from her artist’s state of unconsciousness. She could write no more.

她意识到男人们会如何议论一个敢讲有关激情真话的女人，这使她从艺术家的无意识状态了。7．Inwardly, I think, the case is very different; she has still many ghosts to fight, many prejudices to overcome.

从内心精神方面看，情况颇为不同。妇女还要与许多鬼怪展开斗争，还有许多偏见需要克服。

8.To discuss nd define them is I think of great value and importance ; for thus only can the labour be shared , the difficulties be solve.

讨论和界定这些障碍是十分重要的，因为只有如此我们才能共同努力克服困难。. 9．Those aims cannot be taken for granted;they must be prepetually questioned and examing.

那些目的是什么，对这个问题我们不能想当然，而要不断地提出疑问和进行审视。Ⅷ．Make corrections in the following sentences where wrong prepositions are used．

1．in her way

2．in a draught

3．to that achievement

4.befalling US

5.By the throat

6.of shackles of feudalism

7．at the dog

8．on the verge of tears

9．upon equal terms ’

10．to paper

大学英语精读第一册课文翻译

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Glossary lesson 1 academic 学院的adolescence 青春期adolescent 青少年时期adulthood 成年 affection 喜爱 affirm 断言 agenda 日程表 anxiety 焦虑 attitudinal 态度的 baptist bounce 跳跃 capability 能力contribute 贡献 counsel 建议 crisis 危机 definite 清楚的developmental 发育的distinct 区分，差别distressed 悲伤 dorm 公寓，宿舍(大学生)

encyclopedia 百科全书endeavor 尝试endowment 天赋 ethical 道德的ethnic evaluate 估算，评估excessive 过分的，极度的feminine 女性的 financial 财政的 functional 职务的 genetic 基因的 guilt 内疚 heighten 提高 inherit 遗传，继承inhibition 压抑的情绪interact 交流 interaction 合作 involve （成功的）必要条件journal 期刊 masculine 男性的 maturity 成熟 mistrust 不信任

newscast 新闻广播parental 父母的 peer 同龄人 perceive 理解 position 工作 prejudiced 偏见 project 规划 rebel 抗议 relate 理解，同情某人resentment 怨恨 role 职责 seminary 学院的separation 分开 sexual 2性的 shrink 缩水 stressful 有压力的superior 优秀的theological 神学的unquestionably 毫无疑问的lesson2

大学英语精读

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大学英语精读1--第三版--课文英汉对照.

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academic 学院的adolescence 青春期adolescent 青少年时期adulthood 成年affection 喜爱affirm 断言agenda 日程表anxiety 焦虑attitudinal 态度的baptist bounce 跳跃capability 能力contribute 贡献counsel 建议crisis 危机definite 清楚的developmental 发育的distinct 区分，差别distressed 悲伤 dorm 公寓，宿舍(大学生) encyclopedia 百科全书endeavor 尝试endowment 天赋ethical 道德的ethnic evaluate 估算，评估excessive 过分的，极度的feminine 女性的financial 财政的functional 职务的genetic 基因的guilt 内疚heighten 提高 inherit 遗传，继承inhibition 压抑的情绪interact 交流interaction 合作 involve （成功的）必要条件journal 期刊masculine 男性的maturity 成熟mistrust 不信任newscast 新闻广播parental 父母的peer 同龄人perceive 理解position 工作prejudiced 偏见project 规划rebel 抗议relate 理解，同情某人resentment 怨恨 role 职责seminary 学院的separation 分开sexual 2性的shrink 缩水stressful 有压力的superior 优秀的theological 神学的unquestionably 毫无疑问的 lesson2 alley n.小路, 巷bitterness n.苦味, 悲痛, 怨恨call it quits 停止civil war 内战Congressman n.国会议员, 众议院议员dirt road 土路down and out 落魄drip n.水滴vt.(使)滴下vi.(使)滴下druggist n.药商, 药材商, 药剂师【医】药商, 调剂员farmhouse n.农舍general n.一般, 将军, 大体a.全面的, 大体的, 总的, 一般的, 普遍的n.常规【计】常规【医】一般的, 全身性, 广泛的get hold of 抓住, 得到get word 获得消息, 听说, 得知 glimpse n.一瞥, 一闪vi.投以一瞥, 闪烁不定vt.瞥见fool around 闲荡, 干蠢事, 干无用的事, 干琐屑的事grand marshal 大元帅harness n.马具, 挽具状带子, 甲胄vt.给...上挽具, 驾驭, 披上甲胄, 利用...以产生动力headquarters n.总部, 司令部, 总部人员【经】本部, 总部, 总署hush n.肃静, 安静, 沉默vt.(使)肃静, (使)安静, (使)缄默interj.嘘, 别作声intimate a.亲密的, 私人的, 秘密的vt.暗示, 通知, 告诉n.至交【法】亲密的, 亲切的, 私人的lrish 爱尔兰的liven vt.使高兴, 使快活vi.快活起来livery n.制服, 侍从a.象肝的, 有肝病症状的 memoir n.传记, 实录, 追思录, 回忆录, 自传【化】研究报告miraculously ad.超自然, 非凡, 不可思议, 令人惊叹, 象奇迹一样, 奇迹般, 能创造奇迹momentary a.瞬间的, 刹那间的naked a.裸体的, 无装饰的, 无保护的, 赤贫的【医】裸露的orderly a.有秩序的, 整齐的, 值班的n.护理员, 清道夫, 传令兵, 勤务兵ad.依次地, 顺序地【医】男护理员parade n.游行, 炫耀, 阅兵vt.游行, 炫耀, (使)列队行进vi.游行, 炫耀, (使)列队行进pond n.池塘vt.筑成池塘vi.筑成池塘Presbyterian adj.长老制的, 长老会的n.长老教会员railroad n.铁路, 铁路公司vt.铺设铁路, 用铁路运输vi.在铁路工作【经】铁道, 铁路ridiculous a.荒谬的, 可笑的Scotsman n.苏格兰人，苏格兰男人shed n.车棚, 小屋, 脱落之物, 分水岭vt.使流出, 放射, 脱落, 散发, 摆脱vi.流出, 散布, 脱落【医】脱落, 脱换show up 揭露, 露出, 露面 smash n.打碎, 粉碎, 打碎时哗啦声, 猛击, 扣球, 杀球, 经营失败, 破产, 硬币, 假硬币a.非常轰动的, 了不起的vt.打碎, 粉碎, 击溃, 使破产, 使裂变, 使用假硬币vi.碎裂, 猛撞, 破产, 扣球, 杀球ad.轰隆一声, 哗啦一声surrender vt.交出, 放弃, 使投降, 让与vi.投降, 自首n.交出, 放弃, 投降Swede n.瑞典人Sweden sympathize vi.同情, 怜悯, 同意, 体谅 with thick with somebody 厚与某人windbag n.空话连篇的人, 风囊

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15)discuss 16)operate 17)division 18)production 19)educate 20)repeat 2. 1) a) additional b) add c) addition d) addition 2) a) effectively b) effect c) effective d) effect 3) a)helpful b) help c) helpless d) help e) helplessly f) helpfully g) helpful 4) a) reliant b) reliable c) reliance, reliable d) relies e) reliably 5) a) repetition b) repeating c) repeatedly d) repeated e) repetition Usage 1) In my opinion 2) According to Mary 3) In our opinion 4) According to today’s papers 5) In most doctors’ opinion ( According to most doctors) Structure 1. 1) Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but also an actor. 2) Miss Crain not only took me home in her car, but also came the next day to see if I had recovered. 3) Hainan Island attracts tourists not only in winter but also in summer. 4) There is always a black market not only in Britain, but also in other European countries. 5) At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang not only won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles, but also broke the Olympic record. 2. 1) It is true that your sentences are all gramma tically correct, but they don’t make any sense. 2) It is true that they lost that battle, but they still went on fighting. 3) It is true that Tom’s very clever and hardworking, but I still don’t think he is the right person for the job. 4) It is true that learning English is by no means easy, but we can make the task easier by using some learning strategies. Cloze 1. 1) strategies 2) frequently 3) over and over again 4) commit to memory 5) acquaintance 6) watch out for 7) communicate 8) process

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大学英语精读3

1、She intended to make teaching her ________ . （2 A．profession B．work C．employment D．occupation 我的答案：A 得分：2分 2、 Mercury freezes if it is cooled to ________ . （2 A．a low too temperature B．a too low temperature C．too low temperature D．too low a temperature 我的答案：D 得分：2分 3、 By the end of May 2000, she ________ inChinafor five years. （2 A．will have stayed B．will stay C．stays D．has stayed 我的答案：D 得分：0分 4、 Last year the temperature ________ by 10 percent. （2 分） A．raised B．arose C．aroused D．rose

我的答案：D 得分：2分 5、Despite ________ to see him again，she refused to reply to his letter.（2 A．wanting B．want C．to want D．she wants 我的答案：A 得分：2分 6、 In terms of the rank of position, an associate professor is ________ to a professor. （2 A．superior B．better C．inferior D．worse 我的答案：C 得分：2分 7、 ________ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. （2 A．Being published B．Published C．Publishing D．To be published 我的答案：D 得分：0分 8、 She was terribly hungry. She had eaten ________ the whole day. （2 A．a little

大学英语精读第三版第一册英语课后翻译答案

Unit 1 1、他这次考试的失败使他意识到定期复习功课的重要。 His failure in the exam has made him aware of the importance of reviewing his lessons regularly. 2、请一定不要忘记离家前你父母对你说过的话。 Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you before you left home. 3、我确信她的英语知识对这项工作来说是足够的了。 I'm sure her knowledge of English is adequate for the job. 4、这篇文章的目的是告诉学生怎样培养良好的学习习惯。 The purpose of this article is to tell the students how to develop good study habits. 5、在当今时代，人们越来越多地依靠计算机(computers)来解决各种各样的问题。 In our age, people depend more and more on computers to solve various kinds of difficult problems. 6、略读不仅可以帮助你对将要阅读的东西有所了解，还可以帮助你读得快些，提高你的阅读理解力。 Skimming not only helps you get some idea of what you are going to read but also helps you read faster and improve your comprehension. 7、有些人以为男孩子比女孩子聪明。然而，事实未必如此。 Some people believe that boys are cleverer than girls. This is not necessarily the case, however. 8、即使智力一般的学生也可以通过改进学习习惯习惯而成为优等生。 Even students of average intelligence can become top students by improving their study habits. Unit 2 1、幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了医院。 Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at one. 2、胜利登上乔治岛后，船长向指挥部发了一份无线电报。 After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a radio message to his headquarters. 3、他决心继续他的实验，不过这次他将用另一种办法来做。 He is determined to con tinue his experiment but this time he’ll do it another way. 4、她读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。 When she read the novel, she couldn’t help thinking of the five years she had spent in the countryside. 5、玛丽觉得单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。 Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself. 6、我们认为他不能在一刻钟内走完那段距离，但他却成功地做到了这一点。 We didn't think he could cover the distance in a quarter of an hour, but he succeeded in doing it. 7、甚至在他的医生告诉他患有肺癌之后，奇切斯特仍不肯放弃环球航行的宿愿。 Even after his doctor told him he had lung cancer, Chichester would not give up his old dream of sailing round the world. 8、我正忙着在做一种新的捕鼠(rats)装置时，马克走来拖着我出去看花展了。 I was busy making a new device for catching rats when Mark came and dragged me out to a flower show. Unit 4 1、接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。 To take this job woul d involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind. 2、众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。 It is well know that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much.. 3、我祖父母说，发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。 My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood. 4、我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史斯密教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。 I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening. 5、她因那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。 Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up. 6、教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了。 Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study. 7、我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。 I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this.