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商务英语翻译

商务英语翻译
商务英语翻译

湖北省高等教育自学考试课程考试大纲

课程名称:商务英语翻译课程代码:05355

第一部分课程性质与目标

一、课程性质与特点

商务英语翻译是湖北省高等教育自学考试商务英语专业(专科)的一门专业基础课。该课程实践性强,注重专业知识,以课文的英译汉为主要内容,配以翻译理论和互译技巧的讲解,将英语学习与商务专业知识、英汉翻译理论与商务方面的实际应用等有机结合。本课程具备科学性,典型性,实用性,并紧扣全国国际商务专业技术资格考试中的规定的相关内容,理论联系实际,针对性强。

二、课程目标及基本要求

本课程较全面的涉及到了商务英语活动的各方面,讲解相关内容的翻译方法与技巧,增强翻译技能,通过大量全真的英汉互译的实例训练以达到提高本专业学生在专业英语及商务知识方面的翻译能力的目的。

通过本课程的学习,使学生能够全面、灵活地运用各种翻译方法和技巧,准确、完整地对各种商务英语体裁的文章进行翻译,达到商务英语专业大学专科的要求。

三、与本专业其他课程的关系

商务英语翻译课程的前期课程有综合英语(上)、商务英语听说、商务英语阅读、商务英语写作等课程,其后续课程是综合英语(下)、商务函电等课程,这些课程紧密联系,相辅相成。

第二部分考核内容与考核目标

第一单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生了解翻译的过程,翻译的形式及其目的;掌握《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的有关内容;对国际商务合同的术语翻译和解读。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)翻译中的词类转换;翻译的形式(重点)

理解:词类转换:

1.英语名词转化为汉语动词

1)动物名词的转化

2)人体名词的转换

3)自然现象名词的转化

4)地点名词的转化

2.英语名词转为为汉语形容词、副词

应用:翻译的形式

(1)直译literal translation

(2)意译free translation

(3)活译dynamic equivalence translation

(二)国际商务合同的术语及其解读(次重点)

识记:下列专业术语的定义

inquiry询盘,offer发盘(offeror发盘人,offeree受盘人),firm offer实盘,indefinite offer虚盘,counter offer还盘,accept承诺,contract合同/契约,termination of a contract 合同的终止,suspension of a contract合同的中止

理解:专业术语的特征和效力

(三)翻译工作者应具备的能力;翻译的过程(一般)

识记:翻译工作者应具备的能力:

外语水平能力,母语水平能力,知识水平能力,应用水平能力

理解:翻译的过程:

1)理解:对语言符号的解码过程

2)表达:译者把自己理解的内容用译入语准确而又自然地传递给译入语读者的阶段

第二单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生了解商贸活动中用英语表达的损失索赔及其翻译;翻译技巧中的省略翻译法和增减词翻译法。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)增减法在翻译中的灵活使用(重点)

理解:增词法和减词法的方法

(1)增加谓语、宾语、名词复数概念、时态、句意、副词、修饰性词、明确化词语、省略的部分

(2)省略人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、形式主语、形式宾语、关系代词、并列连词、动词、系动词、物主代词及介词

应用:增词法和减词法

(二)省略翻译法(次重点)

理解:省略法

应用:人称代词的省略;英语冠词的省略

(三)专业知识(一般)

识记:本单元专业术语

理解:商务英语中的索赔条款(Claim Clause)

第三单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生认知和应用翻译中的被动语态及其翻译方法,合并翻译法;了解世界贸易组织(WTO)的相关知识、专业术语及其翻译。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)被动语态的翻译方法(重点)

理解:1.英语被动语态在翻译时,取决于具体句子所表达的涵义即汉语表达习惯而定

2.在英语中,有一些固定的被动结构,译为汉语时已有定式

3.有些英语的被动语态译成中文时,可以按照中文的习惯加上诸如“受…、被…、给…、

让…、使…”等词,构成汉语的被动句

应用:主动句和被动句的相互转换,固定的翻译结构,利用汉语的被动语态构成词来翻译英语中的被动意义

(二)合并翻译法(次重点)

应用:将两个或两个以上的词义相同或相近的词组翻译成一个词

1.词汇合并

2.句子合并

(三)专业知识(一般)

识记:WTO的相关知识及其翻译

第四单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生理解民事工程建设的条款性合同,加强专业性合同条款的翻译;掌握长句尤其是从句的逆序翻译法。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)商务合同中的长句翻译(1)(重点)

理解:多结构的长句翻译;逆序翻译法

(二)合同条款的翻译与解读(次重点)

识记:Whereas Clauses鉴于条款,Assignment Clauses转让条款,Warranty Clauses担保条款,Default Clauses违约条款,Escape Clauses免责条款,Arbitration Clauses仲裁条款(三)民事工程建设的条款性合同翻译(一般)

识记:工程建筑的专业术语

应用:条款合同类的翻译

第五单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生掌握商务合同中多重从句的翻译方法,正反翻译法;了解国际商务合同中的翻译与解读,及合同中的各项专业术语的意义及其翻译。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)商务合同中长句的翻译(2)(重点)

应用:1.复合从句的翻译法;顺译法

2.正反翻译法:正说反译;反说正译

(二)Categories of International Business Contracts国际商务合同种类的翻译与解读(次重点)识记:下列专业术语的中英文对应名称

Contract for International Sale of Goods国际货物销售合同

Contract for International Technology Transfer国际技术转让合同

Contract for Sino-foreign Joint Venture中外合资经营企业合同

Contract for Sino-foreign Contractual Joint ventures中外合作经营企业合同Contract for

International Engineering Projects国际工程承包合同

Contract for Compensation Trades补偿贸易合同

Contract for Sino-foreign Cooperative Development of Natural Resources中外合作开采

自然资源合同

Contract for Foreign Labor Services涉外劳务合同

Contract for International Leasing Affairs国际租赁合同

Contract for Sino-foreign Credits and Loans涉外信贷合同

Contract for International Build-Operate-Transfer国际BOT项目投资合同

Contract for Introduction of Complete Plant and Technology成套设备技术引进合同

理解:主要国际商务合同种类的特点

(三)识记:科技专业的合同术语(一般)

第六单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生掌握非谓语动词的翻译方法;了解BOT投资项目的有关条约。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)非谓语动词的翻译(重点)

理解:非谓语动词翻译的具体步骤:

1)分清语法现象

2)弄清具体词义

3)组合句意或段意

4)重新组合翻译

应用:不定式、动名词、现在分词,及过去分词的翻译方法

(二)应用:多重句子成分的翻译(复习)(次重点)

(三)由投资、运营、转让三阶段构成的工业项目(BOT Investment)(一般)

识记:BOT (build, operate, transfer) Investment的定义

理解:BOT Investment的特征

第七单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生掌握定语从句的翻译方法;了解股市类的专业术语的意义及其翻译。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)定语从句的翻译(1) (重点)

理解:定语从句的意义及划分

应用:限定性从句和非限定性从句的翻译

(二)Stock股市(次重点)

识记:股市行情的主要专业术语:

stock issuance发行股票,principal本金,face value面值,indemnity补偿,bonus红利,market tone市场行情,bull market牛市(股票看涨),bear market熊市(股票看跌),Dow Jones industrial average道琼斯工业指数,stock value股票值,barometer晴雨表,stock value股票值,brokery industrial worker股票经纪人,Common Stock普通股,Preference Stock优先股,distribution(股息的)分配

(三)专业知识和练习(一般)

识记:关于股市的相关性知识

第八单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生巩固定语从句的翻译方法,认知债券的意义及其专业术语的翻译。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)定语从句的翻译(2)(重点)

理解:1.理解关系代词所指代的内容,并且将其还原,即用所修饰的先行词替代关系代词

2.介词的含义以及介词与先行词一起构成的含义

应用:带介词的定语从句的翻译

(二)Bond债券(次重点)

识记:主要专业术语:

security证券,public issue公募,private placement私募,underwrite认购,credit interest rate贷款利率,trust indenture act信托契约法,default违约,provision条款,real estate 地产,mortgage bond抵押债券,debenture(无担保)债券,(海关)退税凭单

理解:理解债券市场的有关规定,认知各种类型的债券及其专业术语翻译

(三)补充专业知识和练习(一般)

识记:理解证券类的相关术语及其意义和翻译

第九单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生掌握翻译中词类转换的方法;了解商业贸易中信用卡的相关条约,专业术语及其翻译。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)词类转换(重点)

应用:多种词性之间的转化

(二)Credit Card信用卡(次重点)

识记:主要专业术语和翻译:

Acquire取得,on credit赊,a line of credit信用额度,validity有效性,account number 账号,ceiling limit限额,reimbursement偿付,grace宽限,sales slip签购单据

理解:信用卡的用法

(三)识记:相关商业服务类的知识及其专业术语(一般)

第十单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生掌握复合词的翻译方法;了解商业银行的有关术语及其翻译。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)复合词的翻译(重点)

应用:多种词性搭配构成的复合词的翻译方法

(二)Commercial Banks商业银行(次重点)

识记:商业银行服务业的主要专业术语:

trade-off权衡,prevailing盛行的,net净赚,demand loans活期贷款,term loans定期贷款,working capital流动资金,teller出纳员,certificates of deposit大款存款单,call

repayment 偿还贷款

理解:商业条款的意义和翻译

(三)识记:银行类相关专业知识(一般)

第十一单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生掌握双重否定句的翻译方法;认知会计学的分类,定义及其专业术语的翻译。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)否定句的翻译方法(1)(重点)

识记:双重否定句的意义:指在一个句子里有两个表示否定意义的词,使得全句具有双重否定的意义

理解:双重否定句的结构:否定词+ 表示否定意义的介词

应用:双重否定句的翻译:可译成双否句或肯定句

(二)Accounting会计学(次重点)

识记:会计学的专业术语翻译

理解:会计学的分类

(三)其他句型的翻译(一般)

应用:比较状语从句、方式状语从句的翻译方法

第十二单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生掌握否定句中的全部否定句型的翻译方法;了解商业生命保险的有关规定,专业术语及其翻译。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)否定句的翻译方法(2)(重点)

识记:全部否定句的意义:全部否定是指由于句子中使用一个否定词而否定全句的意义,使其具有整体否定性质

应用:全部否定句的翻译(一)

1.no做形容词,否定主语,宾语,后接名词或代词,在句中做定语。翻译时no既可

以否定主语,宾语,也可以根据情况来否定谓语

2.not做副词,否定动词

3.never做副词,否定动词

4.none做关系代词还可以做主语。none用作主语时,谓语可以用单词或复数(二)Life Insurance生命保险(次重点)

识记:保险业的相关知识

理解:主要专业术语翻译:premium保险费,annuity年金,life expectancy估计寿命,safeguard 保险条款

(三)与语法有关的句式翻译(一般)

应用:倒装句,虚拟式的句型翻译

第十三单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生继续了解全部否定句的翻译,时间状语从句的翻译和动词不定式做主语的翻译。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)否定句的翻译方法(3)(重点)

理解:其他句型结构的否定句的意义

应用:全部否定句的翻译(二):

1.nor放在句首,英文句子主谓倒装

2.neither做代词,谓语可用单数也可用复数

3.nothing和nobody可做关系代词,在中文译文中常用来否定谓语

4.nowhere在译文中多译为副词,也可做名词

(二)自荐信(次重点)

识记:自荐信中缩略语的对应名称

理解:自荐信的用语和写作方法

(三)其他句型的翻译(一般)

应用:when, while, as if, since, if等连词连接的从句翻译;动词不定式前加副词的翻译方法

第十四单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生掌握多种否定句式的特点及翻译方法。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)否定句的翻译(4)(重点)

理解:特殊句型结构的否定句的翻译

应用:1.含蓄否定句的翻译

2.转移否定句的翻译

3.not与不定代词,不定副词,不定形容词等连用表示部分否定

4.一些副词、形容词自身表部分否定,如hardly, nearly, few, seldom, little等

(二)The Euro Economy欧盟的经济(次重点)

识记:了解欧洲经济共同体的形成,发展及现状及其专业术语

理解:欧洲经济共同体的利与弊

(三)翻译注意事项(一般)

理解:句子的言外之意

应用:情态动词的翻译

第十五单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生理解与掌握多枝共干的句子结构特点及其翻译策略;介绍加拿大的移民政策,熟悉其中的专业术语及其翻译,并补充加拿大的人文知识。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)多枝共干结构的理解与翻译(重点)

理解:多枝共干的结构归纳:

1.主谓搭配,出现多重主语或谓语

2.动宾搭配,出现多重谓语或宾语

3.介宾搭配,出现多重介词或宾语

4.定名搭配,出现多重定语或名词

5.动状搭配,出现多重动词或状语

6.系表搭配,出现多重系动词或表语

应用:对多枝共干的结构的翻译,理清其内在的多重层次关系或隐含的逻辑关系

(二)加拿大的移民政策(Canadian Immigration Policy)(次重点)

识记:政策中的专业术语及其翻译

理解:加拿大的移民政策对不同人群的分类及相应的政策的不同

(三)文化性内容(一般)

识记:加拿大的节假日

第十六单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过对本章内容的学习,使学生理解并掌握对“公司”的不同翻译方法;了解商业款待的各种习俗与策略。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)“公司”的翻译方法(重点)

识记:

1.agency经办(销)处,代理行,经纪业务,公司,主要指替别人或别的公司服务的

机构

2.associates同事,伙伴,(联合)公司,主要指人或企业相互融合在一起的整体,强

调联合

3.business商店,企业,事务所,工厂,事业,主要指生产、销售货物、提供服务从而

能从中换回货币或盈利

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2c12305416.html,pany公司、商号,主要指自产自销的公司、贸易公司,用途较广

5.corporation法人,社团,公司,侧重在法定的,经过有关部门批准成立的公司,职

员的权利与责任和投资人的相分离

6.corporate强调整体概念,常作形容词

7.concern商号、公司、企业、康拜恩,重点指由不同的经济部门的大企业或大公司和

银行组成的垄断组织

8. exchange交易所、公司,侧重于针对的是有会员参与买卖或交易的地点及场所

9. firm商号、商行,指经营性或生产性的

10. line航线、运输系统、公司,运输线,指提供交通方面服务的

11. office办公室,办事处,公司,单独用时指办公或办事处,营业所,与head, home,

branch等词连用时表示公司

12. organization团体,组织,机构,大型企业或公司,侧重在人们为了某一特定目标

而成立的机构,表示公司时则指内部机构复杂

13. service(s) 公共服务、服务公司;服务、劳务,表示不带来产品而是为公众提供服

务性行业的公司

14. store(s) 大商店,百货商店,杂货店、百货公司

15. subsidiary子公司,附属机构

16. system系统,体系,(广播、航空等)公司

17. center中心、公司总部

应用:根据不同性质、目的和规模,对“公司”进行不同的翻译

(二)翻译的思维(次重点)

理解:1. 翻译的过程:

1)理解:对语言符号的解码过程

2)表达:译者把自己理解的内容用译语准确而又自然地传递给译入语读者的阶段

(三)商业款待、习俗和策略(Business Entertainment, Customs and Strategies)(一般)

识记:对商业性款待,习俗和策略的认知

第十七单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生加强对词汇翻译的准确度;介绍去美国留学学生的签证,护照以及其他要求。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)词汇的准确理解与翻译(重点)

理解:在英语中,一词多义,一词多性,一词多类的现象很普遍。因而,要把握好词汇的意义应该建立在正确理解原文的基础上,注重语言环境

应用:对前期单元的翻译方法的复习和综合练习;翻译方式上要求直译,意译,活译相结合(二)句式的翻译(次重点)

理解:动词不定式的复合结构的特点与翻译

应用:suc h…tha t…的句型结构及其翻译方法

(三)对申请出国留学学生的回信(一般)

识记:对申请出国留学学生的建议和要求;对出境的相关专业术语的讲解与翻译

第十八单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生认知并掌握多种句法转换的翻译方法;理解并翻译关于中国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)的有关文件。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)句法转换的翻译方法(重点)

理解:1.主语转换成谓语

2.主语转换成宾语

3.主语转换成状语

4.主语转换成定语

5.谓语转换成主语

6.宾语转换成主语

7.宾语转换成谓语

8.状语转换成主语

9.定语转换成主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语

应用:综合使用以上翻译方法

(二)中国加入世界贸易组织的文件选读(Extracts from the Document of China’s Entry into the WTO)(次重点)

识记:重要专业术语:

FOREX: Foreign Exchange外汇;IMF: International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织;

FIE: Foreign Investment Enterprise外商投资企业;SAFE: the State Administration of Foreign Exchange外商投资企业;PBC: the People’s Bank of China中国人民银行

理解:中国加入世贸组织的责任与优惠

应用:对有关经济政策的翻译

(三)拓展性练习(一般)

应用:对于政治、经济型文件的翻译,需综合运用多种翻译技巧并结合专业知识

第十九单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生了解和掌握重叠词的翻译,词类的转换,以及对法律文件的翻译。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)重叠词的翻译(重点)

识记:重叠词:两个词形词义相同,词形不同但词义相同、词性相同但词义相反、词头(尾)押韵等的词,由连词and或or联成一体表达一个整体含义的词语

应用:翻译方法:意义合并翻译

1.词义重叠式

2.词义对立式

3.词义同属类

4.词头(尾)押韵

5.词头(尾)押韵与对立结合式

(二)其他词类的转换(2)(次重点)

理解:按译入语的语言规则对词类进行转换

应用:动词的转换;形容词的转换;副词的转换;代词的转换

(三)代理商的法律法规(一般)

理解:代理商的法律法规(The Law of Agency)

应用:法律性质文件的翻译

第二十单元

一、学习目的与要求

通过本单元的学习,使学生了解广告的分类,其语言特点和在功能理论和目的论指导下的翻译原则和方法。

二、考核知识点与考核目标

(一)广告的翻译(重点)

识记:广告的分类:产品类、服务类、招聘类、求职类、公益类广告

理解:广告的特点:nonpersonal非个人性的;communication of information传递信息;paid for 付费;persuasive劝诱性;identified sponsor明确的发布人;media媒介

应用:广告的翻译原理:目的性,功能性;广告的性质不同,语言特点和运用会有差异,随之其翻译方式也会有差异

(二)翻译广告语的三种翻译方法(次重点)

理解:广告于的翻译

应用:直译法;意译法;活译法

(三)广告中的常用专业术语,缩略语及其翻译练习(一般)

识记:广告中的常用专业术语,缩略语

理解:visa签证的基本特征及适用人群的分类

应用:对各种短句,段落,文章等形式的广告语翻译

第三部分有关说明与实施要求

一、考核的能力层次表述

本大纲在考核目标中,按照“识记”、“理解”、“应用”三个能力层次规定其应达到的能力层次要求。各能力层次为递进等级关系,后者必须建立在前者的基础上,其含义是:识记:能知道有关的名词,概念,知识的含义,并能正确认识和表述,是低层次的要求。

理解:在识记的基础上,能全面把握基本概念、基本要求、基本方法,能掌握有关概念、原理、方法的区别与联系,是较高层次的要求。

应用:在理解的基础上,能运用基本概念、基本原理、基本方法练习学过的多个知识点分析和解决有关的理论问题和实际问题,是最高层次的要求。

二、教材

1.指定教材:

《大学商贸英语翻译教程》(第二版) 复旦大学出版社李朝主编 2008版

2.参考教材:

《商务英语翻译》(英译汉) 高等教育出版社陈苏东陈建平主编 2003版

《商务英语翻译》(汉译英) 高等教育出版社陈苏东陈建平主编 2007版

《商务英语翻译》高等教育出版社张新红李明主编 2004版

《国际金融阅读与翻译》外语教学与研究出版社梅仁毅主编 1998版

《经贸汉译英教程》对外经济贸易大学出版社常玉田主编 2002版

《金融翻译技法》中国对外翻译出版公司陈仕彬主编 2002版

三、自学方法指导

1. 在开始阅读指定教材之前,先翻阅大纲中有关这一章的考核知识点及对知识点的能力层次要求和考核目标,以便在阅读教材时做到心中有数,有的放矢。

2. 学习教材时,要逐句细读,逐字推敲,集中精力,吃透每一个知识点,对基本概念必须深刻理解,对基本理论必须彻底弄清,对基本方法必须牢固掌握。

3. 在自学过程中,既要思考问题,也要做好读书笔记,把教材中的基本概念、原理、方法等加以整理,知识点需要前后互相联系。这可从中加深对问题的认知、理解和记忆,以利于突出重点,并涵盖整个内容,可以不断提高自学能力。

4. 完成书后作业和适当的辅导练习是理解、消化和巩固所学知识,培养分析问题及提高能力的重要环节。在练习过程中对所学知识进行合理的回顾与发挥,注重理论联系实际和具体问题具体分析,解题时应注意培养逻辑性,针对问题围绕相关知识点进行层次(步骤)分明的论述或推导,明确各层次(步骤)间的逻辑关系。

四、对社会助学的要求

1. 应熟知考试大纲对课程提出的总要求和各章的知识点。

2. 应掌握各知识点要求达到的能力层次,并深刻理解对各知识点的考核目标。

3. 辅导时,应以考试大纲为依据,指定的教材为基础,不要随意删减内容,以免与大纲脱节。

4. 辅导时,应对学习方法进行指导,宜提倡“认真阅读教材,刻苦钻研教材,主动争取帮助,依靠自己学通”的方法。

5. 辅导时,要注意突出重点,对考生提出的问题,不要有问即答,要积极启发引导。

6. 注意对应考者能力的培养,特别是自学能力的培养,要引导学生逐步学会独立学习,在学习过程中善于提出问题,分析问题,做出判断,解决问题。

7. 要使考生了解试题的难易与能力层次的高低不完全一样,在各个能力层次中会存在不同难度的试题。

五、关于命题考试的有关规定

1. 本大纲各章所提到的内容和考核目标都是考试内容,试题覆盖到章,适当突出重点。

2. 试卷中对不同能力层次的试题比例大致是:“识记”为20%,“理解”为20%,“应用”为60%。

3. 试题难易程度应合理:易、较易、较难、难,比例为2:3:3:2。

4. 每份试卷中,各类考核点所占比例约为:重点占65%,次重点占25%,一般占10%。

5. 试题类型一般为:简答题,填空题,术语翻译题,单句翻译题,语境翻译题,段落翻译题。

6. 考试采用闭卷考试,考试时间为150分钟,采用百分制评分,60分合格。

六、题型示例

(一)、简答题

Answer the following questions according to the translation theory.

1. What are the language characteristics of Business English?

2. What kind of structure is multi-branch with one stem in translation? Please illustrate the different types with charts.

3. How to comprehend the definition of an offer? Please interpret in three aspects.

4. Why do we say context can constrain the meaning of words and even sentences?

5. How many types of modes does Business English discourse have? And what are they?

(二)、填空题

Fill in the following blanks according to the relevant information in English translation.

1. The most famous standards for translation are: ______________ , ________________ and

.

2. Business English expert Nick Brieger has raised the theory of “the Category of Business English”that it includes the language of knowledge, communication skills, content, management skills and awareness, etc.

3. Termination of an offer means that an offer, even it is irrevocable, is ___________ when a ______________ reaches the offeror.

4. BOT Investment refers to the Build, ________ and ________ as a way of investment.

5. The bond price can be expressed by the following formula:

P (security price) = I (security interest income) _

R (______________)

(三)、术语翻译题

Give the corresponding definition to each item below.

1. IMF

2. SAFE

3. Demand Loan

4. Trust Indenture Act

5. Contract for Sino-foreign Joint Venture

6. 吞吐量

7. 科技含量

8. 投资保护协定

9. 国际竞争力

10. 双重征税协定

(四)、单句翻译题

Translate the following individual sentences.

1. Hedging in futures markets is synonymous with shifting risk.

2. A long position involves inflows greater than outflows in a currency and a short position involved outflows greater than inflows.

3. The work of the new government can be put in a nutshell of “four phrases”, namely to “attain one goal”, “implement two key policies”, “solve three major economic problems” and “promote reforms in four major aspects”.

4. 我们确信,在平等互利的基础上,通过努力加强各种形式的经济贸易合作,相互间的贸易关系一定存在着广阔的前景。

5. 我们要求用100%金额的、保兑的、不可撤销的信用证,并规定允许转船和分批装运,凭汇票向议付行交单即期付款。

(五)、语境翻译题

Translate the following underlined parts in its each context.

1. The truth was not apparent to managers of one regional bank, which failed to improve its competitive position despite its investment in reducing the time a custom had to wait for a teller. The bank managements did not recognize the level of customer inertia in the customer banking industry that arises from the inconvenience of switching banks.

2. During the Asian crisis, however, import prices fell well before the dollar took off. Import prices have stabilized in the past year despite the dollar’s fairly substantial rise. (1) The impact of exchange on import prices depends on the strength of demand in local markets. The stability of import prices over the past couple of years indicates importers have pocketed lower import benefits rather than passing them on to consumers. (2) In fact, US export growth has accelerated significantly in this year, surpassing the growth of imports for the first time in a long while. The strong dollar is reinforcing competitive pressures that have made the American economy very efficient and rapid investment in productivity.

3. The function of futures markets are price discovery, 价格风险规避,and market efficiency improving.

4. In a recent study, researchers found that when the level of conflict within a nation was high, 那么公司用于市场营销行为的投资就会很少。By contrast, when the levels of cooperation were high, greater investments were made.

(六)、段落翻译题

Translate the following paragraphs using the techniques you’ve learnt in this course.

1. The definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, however, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchanged will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors.

2. 总体说来,一季度经济的高增长是过去五年实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策的累计效果的显现。近五年我国经济走出了一条前所未有的稳定而又快速增长的新轨迹。今年一季度的增长是这一良好态势的延续。具体说来,有三个层次的原因。一是房地产、汽车、电子信息这三大类消费品的需要旺盛。二是由这些旺盛的消费需求带动的投资需求的增长,一季度固定资产投资同比增长30%。三是由投资高增长带动了钢材、建材、机械设备等投资品生产的高增长,特别是重工业的增长很快。

商务英语翻译:商务英语五大实用翻译技巧

商务英语翻译:商务英语五大实用翻译技巧商务英语是为国际商务活动这一特定的专业学科服务的专门用途英语,所涉及的专业范围很广,并具有独特的语言现象和表现内容、文体复杂。商务英语翻译要求翻译者具备丰富的商务理论和商务实践知识,为了提高翻译质量,翻译者必须具备一定的自身条件: 第一,翻译者的汉语功底要好 很多人容易忽视这一点,认为汉语是自己的母语,应付翻译中的问题应该是绰绰有余的。然而,在真正的翻译过程中,常常为了一个词语或者一个句型,冥思苦想了半天也得不到一个满意的结果。由此可见,汉语表达能力和对汉语理解能力的大小直接影响翻译的好坏。下功夫学好汉语,打好汉语基础对于翻译是十分重要的。 第二,英语语言能力要强 全面的语法知识和大量的词汇量缺一不可。如果只有大量的词汇量,而没有较好的英语语法知识,翻译过程中译者的理解肯定是错误百出,牛头不对马嘴。因此,我们要提高在英汉翻译中对于英文句子理解的准确性及汉英翻译中英文表达的准确性。 第三,知识面要广 商务英语翻译中要很好的做到这一点,就要掌握商务理论和贸易实务等理论知识及贸易实践经验。同时译者还要具有丰富的百科知识,对天文地理、古今中外不说通晓,至少也要了解其中的一些基本知识。没有一定的常识,即使语言水平再高,也是难以胜任翻译工作的。

以下介绍的是商务英语中主要的五大实用翻译技巧: 一、一词多义 同一个词,由于语境不同,其词义可千差万别。 例: 1、They cannot obtain credit at all in the trade. 他们生意信誉已荡然无存。 2、They have opened the covering credit with the Bank of China,London. 他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了有关信用证。 同一个词credit,而在不同的语境中,意思大有不同。 二、词类转译 词类转译是国际商务翻译中常见的译词技巧。常见的有名词与动词、介词与动词的互相转译。 例: 1、Before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods will bein the custody of the customs. 交关税前,进口货物由海关保管。( 由于语法限制,只有用名词形式,但译成汉语时,”payment”译作“交”) 2 、We should advise you to get in touch with them for your requirements. 建议你方与他们取得联系,洽购所需商品。 三、词义引伸

全国商务英语翻译统一考试_4

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商务英语翻译汇总

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商务英语翻译考试

考试简介 全国商务英语翻译(ETTBL)是我国一项系统的“外语+专业”的商务翻译培训、考试,以全国《商务英语翻译教程》(口译/笔译)的培训大纲为基础,内容涵盖广告、产品描述、产品与保险、人力资源与职业、经济、国际贸易、金融证券、市场营销、法律、合同与协议、旅游业等。由商务英语专业教授及富有商务背景的外籍教师进行授课,侧重于常用商务材料英汉互译对照、常用商务专业词汇及典型句型解析、翻译技巧等。打造商务英语翻译培训的优秀品牌,弥补高素质商务英语翻译人才的市场缺口,培养出专业化、知识化的口译/笔译人才,缩短新学员进入企业的磨合期,尽快适应工作;提高在职人员商务英语翻译专业水平及职业能力,更好地胜任工作。 学员完成培训计划规定的全部内容和课时后,参加全国商务英语翻译的考核及综合评定,根据考评结果,颁发相应等级相应层次的《全国商务英语翻译证书》。是商务英语人员上岗就业的依据,是工商、合资企业、外事单位用人的资格凭证.该证书全国通用,并网上注册()。并为学员建立个人资料库,借助中国商务人才网()的网络平台协助考生就业和提供继续教育服务等。

职业定义 初级:能在商务往来中进行一般性商务英语交谈。涉外企业的员工及同层次的企业外销人员、宾馆接待人员、商场收银员等。 中级:能在一般性商务会谈和商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业的职员及同层次的秘书,办公室主管等。 高级:能在一般性商务会议和外事商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业主管及同层次的企业经理助理、企业经理等。 翻译师:能在大型商务会议中进行复杂的口译和笔译,并胜任专职商务翻译工作。 高级翻译师:能在各种国际会议中进行口译和笔译。在口译中能交替传译和同声传译;在笔译中对商务活动会议的文件及商务专业性的资料作笔译。能承担国际商务会议中各种复杂的笔译、口译,解决商务英语中的一切疑难问题。 考试对象 凡遵守中华人民共和国宪法和法律、恪守职业道德、具备一定外语水平、有志于从事商务领域翻译工作的在职和求职人员及在校生,不论学历高低,均可参加。

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商务英语翻译测试题及 答案 集团档案编码:[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of words italicized.(15%) 1. The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets. 2. The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended

without the agreement by the both parties. 3. However, the tariff should not be greater in amount than the margin of price caused by dumping. 4. As usual, the lion’s share of the budget is for defense. 5. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil.

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14 red-hot news 15 red-letter day 二下面的句子可采用增减词法来翻译,请写出具体的增词法或具体的减词法:(2*5=10)1.Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes. 2. I could knit when I was seven. 3. The day when he was born remains unknown. 4.We live and learn. 5.Once you are in , you wouldn't be allowed to get out. 三写出下列每组分别属于何种合译:(2*5=10) 1.to and from here and there off and onup and down 2.often and often by and by men and men hours and hours 3.thick and thin within and without off and on fair or foul 4.forgive and forget now or never high and dry mend or end 5.bread and butter pick and steal odds and ends house and home 四. 按要求用所学过的翻译技巧翻译下例句子:(3*5=15) 1.我没注意到这一点.(用正译法) 2.你的工作令人满意.(用反译法) 3.我们不应该听闲话.(用正译法)

常用商务英语翻译

The road to Hell is paved with good intention好心办坏事 The spirit is willing, but the fresh is weak. 心有余而力不足 A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力老大徒伤悲. 爱莫能助be disobliging 活该to have it/that coming to sb. 遇到克星meet one’s waster Cats hide their claws. 知人而不知心 Grasp all. Lose all. 贪多必失 Two’s company,but three’s a crowed. 两人成伴,三人不欢背黑锅The whipping boy./ to carry the can 逼得走投无路to bring/ drive sb. to bay. 进退维谷to be caught between the Devil and deep blue sea. 出格step out of line No way is impossible to courage. 勇者无惧 The more wit, the less courage. 初生牛犊不怕虎 Nothing ventured nothing gained. 不入虎穴焉得虎子 认为…不在话下think nothing of doing sth. 采取主动take the initiative in doing sth. 激流勇进advance through the rapids.

Don’t hate the hand that fee ds you. 不要忘恩负义 Better be envied than pitied. 宁被人妒,不被人怜 To turn over a new leaf. 改过自新 吃不着葡萄说葡萄酸sour grapes 恨铁不成钢regret that one’s offspring does not live up to one’s expectations wish iron could turn into steel at once. 红颜易逝beauty fades likes a flower Care killed the cat. 忧愁伤身 To leave(sb) for behind/ in the dust 望尘莫及 Feast or famine 大起大落 To scratch one’s head/ rack one’s brain 冥思苦想 The fool wonders, the wise man asks. 愚人困惑,智者勤问 The squeaking wheel gets the oil. 无声无息,亦无所得 He who hesitates is lost. 犹豫不决错失良机 一头雾水To be in a complete fog/ to be puzzled and confused. 仁者见仁,智者见智To be all things to all men/people. 茅塞顿开click(to suddenly became clear or understand) Faith moves mountain. 精诚所至,金石为开 A friend is best found in adversity. 患难见真情

商务英语翻译1

句子翻译 1. If a company intends to provide guarantee to a shareholder or actual controller of the company, it shall make a resolution through the shareholder’s meeting or shareholders’ convention. 2. The government intends to restructure the deposit insurance system as a new financial safety net for protecting settlement systems. 3. Each of these U.S. companies is attempting to offer convenient services to customers by centering on their strong business lines. 4.Under the system of securitization of real estate,special purpose companies established by real estate firms issue shares in real estate by using the property as collateral. 5. The primary task facing WTO members at the latest meeting was to pave the way for a broad agreement on issues discussed at the trade round launched in 2001. 6. Long-term interest rates have soared almost fourfold in the past three months after the rates hit a record low in mid-June. 7. Future prospects are dim, and analysts are uncertain when the global IT-related recession will bottom out. 8. An increasing number of Japanese firms are seeking to move not only production bases, but also research and development facilities to China. 9. We must address the improvement of employment situation, particularly in regard to jobs for young people and the mismatch between job-seekers and job openings. 10. The government and the Bank of Japan should implement further measures to achieve economic expansion led by domestic demand. 11. We are diligently working to continually earn customer loyalty by developing a keener understanding of customers’ special needs. 12. Reducing the number of hours of overtime may not only help those workers retain their jobs, but also increase job openings. 13. Every three months, McDonald’s Japan revises the price of the beef it imports from Australia according to the exchange rate. 14.The nation’s foreign exchange reserves at the end of July hit a record high for the eighth straight month, rising $11.22 billion from a month earlier to $556.84 billion.

《商务英语翻译》历年真题及答案[]doc

全国商务英语翻译统一考试初级笔译练习试题 练习一 Part I Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese 1.迄今为止,各国的移民政策侧重于为低技能工人设置障碍,同时鼓励高技能专业人才、工程师、科学家和企业家前来工作,甚至定居。 2.Kasda是瑞士的汽车、能源和食品集团公司。本年度第一季度,尽管它的总营业额下降了6%,但是利润却增加了12.1%。 3.“海洋城”以其绵延10英里(相当于16公里)的海滩而闻名,每年接待约800万游客 4.当富人想到将财富传给子孙的时候,他们通常会有两种情绪:害怕和忧虑。他们害怕或忧虑金钱会对子孙产生消极影响;害怕金钱会让子孙失去通过努力工作获得成功的人生动力。 5.关于我方第315号订单,由于到货质量低劣,我方被迫表达强烈不满。 6.China is fielding its largest-ever Olympic team at the upcoming Beijing Games, with 639 athletes competing in all 28 sports. The Chinese team will attempt to surpass the 32 gold medals won at the Athens Olympics, four less than the United States. 7.A Japanese media report says Japan and China have reached a compromise and agreed to jointly develop gas fields and share profits in disputed areas of the East China Sea. 8.The number of newly laid-off U.S. workers rose last week, the latest sign that the economic downturn is affecting the job market. A report Thursday from the Labor Department said the number of people applying for unemployment benefits for the first time rose 22–thousand, to 378–thousand. 9. Chinese economy suffered only a mild setback in the first quarter of 2008, and remains resilient despite inflation and worsening global credit crisis. 10. Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs, saving on the cost of finding replacements. Part II Translate the following passages into Chinese. Passage 1 Most Americans believe someone isn’t grown up until age 26, probably with a completed education, a full-time job, a family to support and financial independence, a survey said. But they also believe that becoming an official grown-up is a process that takes five years from about the age of 20, concluded the report from the University of Chicago’s National Opinion Research Center. The findings were based on a representative sample of 1398 people over age 18. The poll found the following ages at which people expect the transitions to grown-up status to be completed: age 20.9 self-supporting; 21.1 no longer living with parents; 21.2 full-time job; 22.3 education complete; 24.5 being able to support a family financially; 25.7 married; and 26.2 having a child. “There is a large degree of consensus across social groups on the relative importance of the seven transitions,” said Tom Smith, director of the survey. The only notable pattern of differences is on views about supporting a family, having a child and g etting married. “Older adults and the widowed and married rate these as more important than younger adults and the never-married do,” he added. “This probably reflects in large part a shift in values across generations away from traditional family values.” The most valued step toward reaching adulthood, the survey found, was completing an education, followed by full-time employment, supporting a family, financial independence, living independently of parents, marriage and parenthood. Passage 2 Spend less than you earn. This is perhaps the most worn out, overused phrase in the world of personal finance. But guess what? It’s also the single most important financial lesson you’ll ever learn. No matter how hard you work and how much money you earn, you’ll never achieve financial security if you spend more than you earn, so…… do whatever it takes to make sure that this doesn’t happen. This takes self-discipline, and might require constructing a budget, but if you ever want to get to a point where you can afford all the little niceties in life, you need to make it happen. Plan for the future. I’ve been where you are, and I know that “the future” seems like it’s a million miles away. Do yourself a favor. Sit down and define short, intermediate, and long-term goals and then put together a plan for getting there. It’s not easy, and you probably won’t get it right at first but once you do this, you’ll have something concrete to work from (and to modify in the future). Start small and work your way up. Be patient. Building a solid financial foundation takes time. Don’t look for shortcuts or try to strike it rich overnight wit h the latest hot investment tip. Likewise, don’t make major financial decisions wi thout fully considering the ramifications. This isn’t to say that you should be paralyzed fear. Rather, you need to do your homework. Turn those unknowns into knowns, and

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