研究生机械工程专业英语考试必背单词
研究生机械工程专业英语考试必背单词
Modified by JACK on the afternoon of December 26, 2020
单词
Lesson 1
Gear 齿轮, 传动装置
Bearing 轴承
Cams 凸轮
Cams and followers 凸轮和从动件
Couple 力偶
mechanics 力学
statics 静力学，静止状态
dynamics动力学，原动力，动力特性constraint forces 约束力
applied forces 作用力
Electric , magnetic, and gravitational forces 电,磁,重力
mating surface 啮合表面,配合表面,接触面meshing 啮合，咬合，钩住
meshing teeth 啮合齿
journal bearing 滑动轴承，向心滑动轴承metal-to-metal contact 金属 - 金属接触Overheating 过热
failure 失效
flaking 薄片，表面剥落，压碎
Spall 削，割，剥落，脱皮
noise 噪音
rough motion运动不精确
inertia惯性
particle 质点
rigid body刚体
deformable可变形的，应变的
deformable Body 变形体
Scalar 数量的，标量的
Vectors矢量
Density密度
Mass质量
Displacement位移
Velocity速度
Acceleration加速度
Moment力矩，弯矩
Momentum动量，冲量
Lesson 2 Compressive压缩的，有压力的
Turning 车削
Rectilinear直线的
micrometer 千分尺又称螺旋测微器
Power hacksaws 弓锯床
Shaper牛头刨床
Thread 螺纹
Work：功
muscular action肌肉动作
mechanical motion机械运动
stretch an object拉伸对象
tensile force：拉力
in tension：受拉
compressive force：压力
torsional force：扭力
torque：扭矩
shearing force ：剪切力
twist an object扭曲对象
Slide滑，脱落
Slip滑动，滑移
in compression受压
turning of a part对一个零件进行车削加工wedging action:楔入作用
chip ：切屑
centers of the lathe车床的顶尖
lathe dog车床夹头
centrifugal force ：离心力
grinding wheel ：磨削砂轮
bonding agent ：粘合剂
abrasive particle：磨料颗粒
centrifuge-type machines离心式机械Centrifuge离心机，离心作用
Centrifugal force principles离心力原理centripetal force ：向心力
rotary motion:回转运动
rectilinear motion：直线运动
hand tool手工工具
power tool动力工具
feed：进给
shaping：采用牛头刨床（shaper)进行刨削加工power saw：弓锯床，弓式锯床
the screw of a micrometer 意为“千分尺中的螺杆”harmonic and intermittent motion ：谐和运动和间歇运动
simple harmonic motion ：简谐运动
return stroke：快速回程
shaper ram：刨床滑枕
Pulley滑轮
Screw螺丝钉
Belt带
Link链
Lesson 3
Interactive互相作用的
Iterative重复的, 反复的, 迭代的
Pinpoint 精确地定位或确认
Equilibrium 平衡，均衡
Tractable 易于处理或操作的
Order of magnitude 数量级
Ideally理想的情况下
so as to为了
with any precision很少精确
idealize理想化
idealization 理想化
strength of materials材料力学
Dynamics动力学
Approximations近似值
be inherent in为、、、所固有，是、、、的固有性质
Render提出，给予，描绘
degrading the result使结果降级
pertinent有关
prohibitive令人望而却步
Influx流入，注入，涌进，汇集
Lesson 5
Sprocket链轮
snap ring 卡环
Universal joints万向联轴器
Self-aligning bearing 调心轴承，球面轴承, 自位轴承
Dry ice干冰
Shot-peening喷丸硬化处理
Pin销
Key键
Spline花键
Couplings联轴器
nondriving wheel非驱动轮
idler gear空转齿轮，换向齿轮
be subjected to承受Fluctuate变动，波动，起伏
alternating bending stress交变弯曲应力deflections挠度
lateral shaft deflection横向轴的挠度angular deflection角偏转
non-self- aligning bearings非自调心轴承Torsional deflection扭转变形
critical speed临界速度
Attachment of the hub毂的附件
Keyway键槽
Axial轴向
Circumferential圆周方向
Positioning定位
Retaining固定
retaining ring定位环
hub-to-shaft attachments轮毂与轴之间的连接interference fit过盈配合
hub bore毂孔
bending moment弯矩
cold-rolling冷轧
relative slope相对倾斜
Journal轴颈
plain bearing 滑动轴承
Lesson 6
Clutch 离合器
Brake 制动器
Friction 摩擦
Chain 链，链条
Timing belt 同步带
Belt drive 带传动
coefficient of friction摩擦系数
rayon人造纤维
timing belt同步带
V-belt drive V带传动
Foregoing在前的，前述的
fatigue life疲劳寿命
power transmitted电力传输
rotatable shaft可以转动的轴，从动轴rotating shaft转动轴，主动轴
input shaft输入轴
output shaft输出轴
unloaded state空载状态
Rotor转子
rotational inertia转动惯量
torque capacity 扭矩容量
kinetic and potential energy动能和势能provision 规定
thermal capacity 热容量
thermal stress热应力
thermal distortion热变形
rubbing velocity摩擦速度
Lining内衬，衬套
empirical value经验值
Chain drives链传动
gear drives齿轮传动
speed ratio速比
shaft separation distance轴间隔距离arbitrary center distance任意的中心距positive (no slip) drive强制(无滑动)传动synchronized motion同步运动
conveyor systems, farm machinery, textile machinery传送带系统，农用机械，纺织机械chain loop链环
40-kW power ratings ：40千瓦的额定功率
Lesson 9
Ceramic bearing 陶瓷轴承
Silicon硅
Titanium 钛
Adherence 粘附，附着
gas turbine engines 燃气涡轮发动机
liquid lubricant液体润滑剂
Exploit利用，发挥，使用
Tribological 摩擦学的
ceramic rolling bearing陶瓷滚动轴承
thermo-mechanical热机械
Tool steel工具钢
Aeroengine航空发动机
practical temperature limit 实际的温度上限virtual exclusion虚拟排斥
hot pressed 热压
hot isostatically pressed 热等静压的
silicon nitride Si3N4
rolling contact fatigue滚动接触疲劳
low fracture toughness低的断裂韧性coefficient of thermal expansion热膨胀系数thermal conductivity导热系数
thermal diffusivity热扩散系数，温度扩散率oxidation resistance抗氧化性Hertzian contact stresses 赫兹接触应力
Solid lubricant固体润滑剂
synthetic lubricant合成润滑剂
unconventional lubricant非常规润滑剂boundary lubrication边界润滑
wear resistance耐磨性
tribo-chemical film摩擦化学膜
Shear剪切，切断
heat stable热稳定
Imperative命令，绝对必要的，必不可少的
Lesson 14
Melting point熔点
Specific heat比热
Specific gravity比重
Shrink fit 冷缩配合，收缩配合
thermal conductivity热导率，导热率
thermal expansion热膨胀
corrosion resistance耐蚀性
reduce inertial force减小惯性力
Substitution 替换
recrystallization temperature再结晶温度Annealing退火
heat treating热处理
hot working热加工
minor 微小的
surface roughness 表面粗糙度
Metallurgical冶金学的
Titanium钛
thermal gradient热梯度
relative expansion相对膨胀
glass-to-metal seals玻璃 - 金属密封件
Shrink fit冷缩配合，收缩配合
Deterioration恶化，变质，退化
Degradation降解，老化，退化
petroleum 石油
elevated temperature高温
Alkalis碱
oxygen, moisture, pollution, and acid rain氧气，湿气，污染和酸雨
Nonferrous metals, stainless steels, and nonmetallic materials, 有色金属，不锈钢，和非金属材料cast iron铸铁
chromium铬
protective film保护膜
Lesson 28
Basic size基本尺寸
Deviation偏差
Interchangeable互换性
Interchangeability互换性
Unilateral, bilateral, and limit forms.单边的，双边的和极限形式
plus-or-minus加或减
theoretical dimension理论尺寸
basic dimension基本尺寸
Terminology术语
definition 定义
Tolerance公差
Clearance fit间隙配合
Interference fit过盈配合
Transition fit过度配合
Selective assembly选择装配
by trial and error用试凑法
basic hole system基孔制
basic shaft system基轴制
International tolerance (IT) grade公差等级Tolerance symbols公差符号
tolerance zone公差带
uppercase letter大写字母
lowercase letter小写字母
surface texture表面纹理
surface finish表面光洁度
roughness, waviness, lay and flaws.粗糙度，波纹度，加工纹理方向和缺陷
irregularities in the surface表面不平度
Cutoff中止，截止
Superimpose重叠，叠加
Waviness波度
Interval间隔
cracks, blow holes, checks, scratches裂纹，气孔，检查，划痕
Lesson 43
Burr 毛刺
Saw 锯
Hacksaw弓锯
Plasma 等离子体
Sophistication复杂化，完善，采用先进技术Simplicity简单Sophisticated复杂的
durable耐用的，耐久的
alloy steel合金钢
carbide碳化物
diamond金刚石
Harnessed驾驭，治理
tough强硬
Deburr去毛刺，去飞翅
Welding焊接
Impose利用，施加影响
nontraditional manufacturing processes非传统制造工艺
drilling钻孔
sawing锯切
broaching拉床
electric motors电动马达
Hydraulics液压
gravity重力
electric arcs电弧
Harness利用
electrochemical 电化学
plasmas等离子体
jets of liquids and abrasives液体和磨料射流magnetic field磁场
Explosive爆炸
electric spark电火花
high-frequency sound waves高频声波
beams of electron电子束
Reject排斥，抵制
in-process breakage过程中的破损Aforementioned上述的，前面提到的reliability 可靠性
vision systems, laser gages视觉系统，激光测量Metallurgical冶金
Implementation履行
Lesson 62
Conceive 构思
Tedious 单调乏味的
Optimum 最佳效果
Information Age信息时代
Metalworking金属加工
come full circle回到原地，绕了一圈interchangeability互换性
specialized functions特殊功能
integrated manufacturing system集成制造系统diversify多样化
Reflex反射，映像，回复
flexibility灵活性
integration 集成
Superquality高质量
Superproductivity高生产率
Conflicting不一致的，冲突的
getting the most out如何充分利用
quality assurance质量保证
materials handling材料处理
Schedule时间表，进度表，计划表
shop floor车间
distributed intelligence分布式智能microprocessors controlled machines微处理器控制的机器
Instantaneously瞬间，即时
tighter 更紧
producible可生产
Instantaneous瞬间
work-in-process在制零件
tedious乏味
not to mention更何况
Lure吸引，诱惑
contracted out.承包出去，订合同把工作包出去
Lesson 64
Simulator 模拟装置, 仿真装置
Terrain 地区, 地带
Planar 平面的
marketable销售
closed-loop process闭环过程
Factory automation工厂自动化
central data base中央数据库
computer-aided design
computer-aided manufacturing
computer-aided product design计算机辅助产品设计
computer-aided analysis计算机辅助分析
computer-aided drafting,计算机辅助绘图design sensitivity analysis设计敏感性分析Optimization最佳化，优化
model simulator模型模拟器
substitute替代
laboratory or field test实验室或现场测试manufacturability生产能力
on-line control在线控制
simulate模拟
Prototype原型
repetitive重复
electrical and electronic circuits电气和电子电路algorithm算法
finite-element 有限元
computational technique计算技术
multi- body mechanical system多体机械系统formulating the equation制定公式
numerical method数值方法
special-purpose program专用程序
general- purpose program通用程序
rigidly structure刚性结构
flexibility灵活性
planar motion平面运动
four-bar linkage四连杆机构
spatial motion空间运动
rough terrain崎岖的地形
Connectivity连通性，连接性
force element力单元
governing equation控制方程
coordinate协调
nonlinearity 非线性
Lesson 71
Industrial robot 工业机器人
Printed circuit boards印刷电路板
Shutdown停工，关闭
robot installation机器人安装
single- purpose machines单一用途的机器International Organization for Standardization (ISO)国际标准化组织（ISO）
reprogrammable可重复编程
multipurpose manipulator多功能机械手
Robot Institute of America(RIA)美国机器人协会（RIA）
Japan Industrial Robot Association(JIRA)日本工业机器人协会（JIRA）
British Robot Association (BRA)英国机器人协会（BRA）
reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator可重新编程的多功能机械手
multifunctional多功能
multifunctional多功能
end-effector末端执行器
articulated arm 关节臂
articulated 关节式的，铰链的
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission美国原子能委员会
Unsophisticated不复杂的
materials handling machine材料搬运机General Motors Corporation通用汽车公司
die casting machine压铸机
die casting 压力铸造，压铸
Gripper手爪
degrees of freedom (DOF)自由度（DOF）Unimation万能自动化公司
jointed-spherical robot关节式球面机器人welding, painting焊装，涂装inspection检查
fully automated production line全自动生产线vehicle chassis汽车底盘
conveyor输送带
Assemble组装
a sequence of一序列的
Mass-produced printed circuit boards (PCBs)大规模生产的印刷电路板（PCB）
pick-and-place robot拾取和放置机器人surpassing 超越
reliability可靠性
inflation of wages通货膨胀的工资
imperative势在必行，必要的
Parting分离的，离别的
robot cells机器人单元
danger zone危险区
marked off关闭标记 precaution预防措施 shutdown system 停车系统 Setting位置，安装，环境
翻译
Lesson2
Considerable attention is given to the action of centrifugal force in grinding wheels. That is, the bonding agent that holds the abrasive particles on the wheel must be stronger than the forces which tend to make the revolving wheel fly apart at high speeds. For this reason, the speed of a grinding wheel should not exceed the safe surface speed limit specified by the manufacturer. Centrifugal force increases with speed.
对磨削用的砂轮来讲离心力的影响要特别给以关注。即把磨料颗粒粘合在砂轮上的粘合剂它的粘合力必须大于使高速旋转的砂轮分崩离析的离心力。因此，砂轮的转速不能超过制造商给定的安全表面速度限制。离心力随转速的增加而增大。
The principles of centrifugal force are used in the design of centrifuge-type machines. Some centrifuges are used to separate chemicals; others are used to remove impurities in metals by centrifugal casting processes. Centrifugal force principles are also used in common appliances such as clothes dryers and in devices to control motor speeds and accelerate moving machines.
离心力的这种原理用在离心型机器的设计中。一些离心分离机用于分离化学制品；还有的通过离心铸造工艺分离金属中的杂质。离心力作用也有普通的应用如干衣机、控制发动机转速的装置以及用于加速运动的机器。
Centripetal force causes an object to travel in circular path. This action is caused by the continuous application of forces which tend to pull the object to the center. In other words, the inward force which resists the centrifugal force is called the centripetal force. The centripetal force of objects spinning at a constant rate produces an acceleration toward the center which is equal and opposite to the centrifugal force.
向心力使物体沿着圆形轨道运动。这种现象的产生是由于将物体拉（轨道）中心的力的持续作用。换句话说，这种抵抗离心力的向内的力就叫向心力。以固定速率作旋转运动的物体的向心力产生一个向心的加速度，这个向心力与离心力大小相等，方向相反。
Lesson3
Primarily, we will be discussing things which are in “equilibrium,” ., not accelerating. However, if we look cl osely enough, everything is accelerating. We will consider many structural members to be “weightless”—but they never are. We will deal with forces that act at a “point” but all forces act over an area. We will consider some parts to be “rigid”—but all bodies will deform under load.
首先，我们讨论的是处于“平衡”状态即没有加速的物体。然而任何东西都在加速，如果我们观察足够仔细的话。我们认为很多结构件是“没有重量”的——但它们从来不是这样；我们认为力的作用在一个“点”上，——但所有力都作用在一个区域上；我们认为有些零件是“刚体的”——但所有物体在负载下都会变形。
We will make many assumptions that clearly are false. But these assumptions should always render the problem easier, more tractable. You will discover that the goal is to make as many simplifying assumptions as possible without seriously degrading the result.
我们都会作一些明显是错误的假设。但这些假设常可能使问题简化，更容易驾驭。你会发现目标是只要不使结果严重降级（歪曲），就尽可能多的做出简化的假设。
Generally there is no clear method to determine how completely, or how precisely, to treat a problem: If our analysis is too simple, we may not get a pertinent answer; if our analysis is too detailed, we may not be able to obtain any answer. It is usually preferable to start with a relatively simple analysis and then add more detail as required to obtain a practical solution.
通常没有明确的方法去确定怎么完整（全面）或精确的去处理问题：如果我们的分析太简单，（我们）可能不会得到一个中肯的答案；如果我们的分析太详细，（我们）也许得不到任何答案。通常更好的是从相对简单的分析开始，添加一些需要的细节以获得实用解。
During the past two decades, there has been a tremendous growth in the availability of computerized methods for solving problems that previously were beyond solution because the time required to solve them would have been prohibitive. At the same time the cost of computer capability and use has decreased by orders of magnitude. [5] We are experiencing an influx of "personal computers" on campus, in the home, and in business.
在过去20年间，用以解决问题的计算机方法可用性得到了巨大的提升，过去不能解决是因为解决问题所需要的时间受到限制。同时计算机的性能成本和使用成本有成数量级的降低。我们在校园里、在家中，在商务场所都正在经历着一个“个人计算机”的浪潮。
Lesson5
shafts as short as possible, with bearings close to the applied loads. This reduces deflections and bending moments, and increase critical speeds.
2. Place necessary stress raisers away from highly stressed shaft regions if possible.[9] Consider local surface strengthening processes (as shot-peening or cold-rolling).[10]
inexpensive steels for deflection-critical shafts, as all steels have essentially the same modulus.
weight is critical , consider hollow shafts.
1.保持轴尽可能短，与轴承接近施加的载荷。这减少了变形和弯曲力矩，并增大临界速度。
2.尽可能使必要的应力集中源远离轴上承受较高应力的区域。考虑采用局部表面强化工艺（诸如喷丸强化和常温滚压）
3.使用廉价的钢材用于偏转临界轴，因为所有的钢具有基本相同的弹性模量。
4，当重量是至关重要时，考虑空心轴。
Lesson9
The importance of requiring a lubricating film cannot be over emphasized, even when using ceramic materials.[7] Unlubricated silicon nitride or silicon carbide do not inherently have low friction, nor good wear resistance. These properties can be obtained with the aid of solid lubricants which are compatible with the nitride, lubricated for example with graphite containing high temperature additive, can form a tribo-chemical film which reduces the coefficient of friction and, as a consequence, minimizes heat generation. The reduction in friction depends on the easier shearing of the film compared with the base material.
For bearing operation at ultra-high temperatures—above 550℃—solid lubricants which are more heat stable than graphite are being considered. It is imperative that the development of a complex tribological system such as a high temperature solid lubricated, ceramic bearing is conducted with full understanding of the individual tribological relationship of the various components.
润滑膜的重要性怎么强调都不过分，即使采用陶瓷材料时也是这样。无润滑的氮化硅或碳化硅不固有低的摩擦，也没有良好的耐磨性。这些性质可在固体润滑剂的帮助获得，这些性质与材料相兼容。以氮化硅的润滑为例，用含有高温添加剂的石墨，可形成摩擦化学膜从而降低摩擦系数，结果，减少热量的产生。摩擦的减少取决于膜与基材相比谁更容易被切落。
对于工作在超高温（高于550℃）下的轴承来说比石墨有更好的热稳定性的固体润滑剂正在被考虑。一个复杂的摩擦系统的发展是很有必要的，如高温固体润滑剂。陶瓷轴承被引入以充分理解各组成部件间的单独摩擦关系。
Lesson14
Resistance to corrosion depends on the composition of the material and on the particular environment. Corrosive media may be chemicals (acids, alkalis['lklis] , and salts), the environment (oxygen, moisture, pollution, and acid rain), and water (fresh or salt water).[5] Nonferrous metals, stainless steels, and nonmetallic materials, generally have high corrosion resistance. Steels and cast irons usually have poor resistance and must be protected by various coatings and surface treatments.
抗腐蚀性取决于材料的成分和特定的环境。腐蚀媒介可以是化学品（酸、碱和盐），环境（氧、潮湿、污染和酸雨）和水（清水或盐水）。有色金属、不锈钢和非金属材料通常有高抗腐蚀性。钢和铸铁通常抗腐蚀性差，必须有各种涂层和表面处理保护。
The usefulness of some level of oxidation [ksi'dein] is exhibited in the corrosion resistance of aluminum, titanium, and stainless steel. Aluminum develops a thin (a few atomic layers), strong, and adherent hard-oxide film (Al2O3) that better protects the surface from further environmental develops a film of titanium [tai'teinjm] oxide (TiO2). A similar phenomenon occurs in stainless steels, which (because of the chromium present in the alloy) develop a protective film on their surfaces. When the protective film is scratched and exposes the metal underneath, a new oxide film begins to form.
某些等级的氧化物的有用性表现在铝、钛和不锈钢的抗腐蚀性上。铝产生一层薄的（一些原子层）、牢固的附着氧化膜（AL2O3）以保护表面不进一步的腐蚀。钛产生一层氧化钛(TiO2）膜。不锈钢也有相似的现象，（因为合金中有烙）表面产生一层保护膜，当保护膜擦损并露出金属里层时，一层新的氧化膜又开始形成了。
Lesson28
Roughness: the finest of the irregularities in the surface caused by the manufacturing process used to smooth the surface. Roughness height is measured in micrometers (μm ) or microinches (μin ).
Waviness: a widely spaced variation that exceeds the roughness width cutoff measured in inches or millimeters; roughness may be regarded as a surface variation superimposed on a wavy surface.
Lay: the direction of the surface pattern caused by the production method used.
Flaws: defects occurring infrequently or at widely varying intervals on a surface, including cracks, blow holes, checks, scratches, and the like; the effect of flaws is usually omitted in roughness height measurements.
粗糙度：由用来使工件表面光滑的加工工艺所造成的最细微的表面不平度。表面粗糙度的高度采用微米或微英寸作为测量的单位。
波度：是超过粗糙度界限的大间隔偏差，采用英寸或毫米测量。可将粗糙度看做叠加在波度表面上的表面不平度。
加工纹理方向：由所采用的加工方法所产生的表面刀痕图案的方向。
缺陷：不经常出现或者在很大区间内才会出现的表面瑕疵，包括裂纹、气孔、微细裂纹、划痕等。缺陷的影响通常在粗糙度的高度测量中被忽略。
Lesson 62
People are enabled to do their jobs better. By eliminating tedious calculations and paperwork- not to mention time wasted searching for information-the computer not only allows workers to be more productive but also frees them to do what only human beings can do: think creatively.
Computer integration may also lure new people into manufacturing. People are attracted because they want to work in a modern, technologically sophisticated environment.
In manufacturing engineering, CAD/CAM decreases tool design, NC-programming, and planning times while speeding the response rate, which will eventually permit in-house staff to perform work that is currently being contracted out.
可使人们更好地完成工作。通过避免冗长的计算和书写工作——这还不算查找资料所浪费的时间——计算机不仅可以使人们更有效的工作，而且还能把他们解放出来去做只有人类才能做的工作：创造性的思考。
计算机集成制造还会吸引新的人才进入制造业。人才被吸引过来的原因是他们希望找到一个现代化的、技术先进的环境中工作。
在制造工程中，CAD/CAM减少了工艺装备设计、数控编程和编制工艺规程所需要的时间。同时加快了响应速度，这最终将会使目前外委加工的工作由公司内部人员来完成。
Lesson 71
A major reason for the growth in the use of industrial robots is their declining cost. Since 1970s, the rapid inflation of wages has tremendously increased the personnel costs of manufacturing firms. In order to survive, manufacturers were forced to consider any technological developments that could help improve became imperative to produce better products at lower costs in order to be competitive in the global market economy. Other factors such as the need to find better ways of performing dangerous manufacturing tasks contributed to the development of industrial robots. However, the fundamental reason has always been, and is still, improved productivity.
工业机器人成本的降低是促进他们的使用量增长的一个主要原因。从20世纪70年代开始，工资的快速增长大大增加了制造业中的人工费用。为了生存，制造厂商被迫考虑采用一切能够提高生产率的技术。为了在全球市场经济的环境中具有竞争能力，制造厂商必须以比较低的成本，生产出质量更好的产品。其他的因素，诸如寻找更好的方式来完成带有危险性的制造工作，也促进了工业机器人的发展。但是，其根本原因一直是，而且现在仍然是提高生产率。
One of the principal advantages of robots is that they can be used in settings that are dangerous to humans. Welding and parting are examples of applications where robots can be used more safely than humans. Most industrial robots of today are designed to work in environments which are not safe and very difficult for human workers. For example, a robot can be designed to handle a very hot or very cold object that the human hand cannot handle safely.
机器人的主要优点之一是可以在对于人类来说危险的工作环境中工作。采用机器人进行焊接和切断工作是比由人工来完成这些工作更为安全的例子。大部分现代机器人被设计用在对人类来说不安全和非常困难的环境中工作。例如，可以设计一个机器人来搬运非常热或非常冷的物体，这些物体如果用人工搬运，则存在不安全因素。
Even though robots are closely associated with safety in the workplace, they can, in themselves, be dangerous. Robots and robot cells must be carefully designed and configured so that they do not endanger human workers and other machines. Robot work workspaces should be accurately calculated and a danger zone surrounding the workspace clearly marked off. Barriers can be used to keep human workers out of a robot's work with such precautions it is still a good idea to have an automatic shutdown system in situations where robots are used. Such a system should have the capacity to sense the need for an automatic shutdown of operations.
尽管机器人与工作地点的安全密切相关，它们本身也可能是危险的。应该仔细地设计和配置机器人和机器人单元，使它们不会伤害人类和其他机器。应该精确计算出机器人的工作空间，并且在这个工作空间的四周清楚地标出危险区域。可以通过设置障碍物来阻止工人进入机器人的工作空间。即使有了这些预防措施，在使用机器人的场地中设置一个自动停止工作的系统仍不失为一个好主意。这个系统应当具有能够检测出是否有需要自动停止工作的要求的能力。