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中级口译句型

中级口译句型
中级口译句型

Verb pattern:1 Vb + Direct Object 动词+直接受词

1. He cut his finger. (人体部位) 过去他割伤了他的手指。

2. we have already had breakfast. 现在完成我们已经吃过早饭了。

3. He does not like cold weather. 一般现在时否定他不喜欢寒冷的天气。

4. we always do that. 现在我们一向这样做。

5. I want six. 现在我要六个。

6. we lit a fire. 过去时我们起了炉火。

7. they were throwing stones. 过去进行时他们正在掷石头。

8. a baby cannot dress itself. 一般现在时婴儿不能自己穿衣。

9. he laughed a merry laugh. 一般过去时他笑得开心。

10. she smiled her thanks. 她微笑以示谢意。

11. I dug a hole. 我挖了个洞。

verb pattern 2 Vb + (not) to Infinitive, 动词+不定式

I haven't decided to go there. 我没决定去不去那儿。

I have decided not to go there. 我已决定不去那儿。

1. He wants to go. 他想去。

2. I have promised to help them. 我已答应帮助他们。

.3. They decided not to go. 他们决定不去。

4.Did you remember to shut the windows?. 你记得关了窗户吗?

5.He agreed to pay for it. 他同意担负它的费用。

6. Have you to go to school today? 你今天必须上学吗?

7. would you care to go for a walk? 你有意去散散步吗?

8. He pretended not to see me. 他假装没有看见我。Verb pattern 3

Vb + Noun or Pronoun + (not ) to + Infinitive .

He wants me to be early 他想要我早到。

I asked him not to do it. 我要求他不要那样。

I told the servant to open the window. 我吩咐仆人打开窗户。The servant was told to open the window.

Please help me to carry this box. 请帮我携带这箱子。He likes his wife to dress well. 他喜欢他的太太穿得漂亮。Your teacher expects you to work hard. 你的老师希望你用功读书。

I warned him not to be late. 我曾警告他不要迟到。

He was warned not to be late.

He allowed the soldiers to take him prisoner. 他允许那些兵把他俘虏。They have never known him to behave so badly. 他们从来不知道他的行为

如此恶劣。Verb pattern 4

Vb + Noun or Pronoun +( to be ) + Complement

此型后面可跟名词或代名词,to be (时常省略),及补足语。用第四型的句子也可用第十一型动词构造。

They believed him (to be ) innocent. 他们相信他是无罪的。He was believed (to be) innocent.

They believed (that) he was innocent.

Do you consider her (to be) honest? 你认为他诚实吗?

Is she considered (to be) honest?

Do you consider (that) she is honest.

I consider it (to be) a shame. 我认为这是一种耻辱。Tom’s teacher thinks him (to be ) 汤姆的老师认为他是班里the cleverest boy in the class. 最聪明的孩子。

We proved him (to be ) wrong. 我们证明了他是错的。Verb pattern 5

Vb + noun or Pronoun + Infinitive ,etc. 省略了to.

用法与第三型的用法相似,其重要的不同就是不定词前的to省略了。用于此型的动词,有些称为感官的动词(即视觉,听觉等之动词),这些动词也可用于第六型。

I made him do it. 我使他做那件事的。

He was made to do it.

Let me go! 让我走!

We must not let the matter rest here. 我们不可让这事停留在这种地步。They have never known him 他们从来不知道他的行为如此恶劣。behave so badly.

He has never been known to behave so badly.

I will have him do the work. 我将令他做这事。

Will you help me carry this box? 你愿意帮我携带这箱子吗?Would you have me believe that? 你想使我相信那件事吗?

I heard him come in. 我听见他进来了。

We saw them go out. 我们看见他们出去了。They were seen to go out.

I saw him going out == he was going out when I saw him.

They felt the house shake. 他们感觉到房子摇动。Watch me do it. 看着我做它。

Did anyone notice the thief leave the house? 有人看见贼离开屋子吗?Verb pattern 6 感官动词五型也可。I saw him going out.

Vb + noun or Pronoun + Present Participle.

He kept me waiting. 他使我久等。

I was kept waiting.

I found him working at his desk. 我发现他在桌边工作。

They left me standing outside. 他们留下我在外面站着。

I heard him giving orders. 我听见他在发命令。

He was heard giving orders.

We watched the train leaving the station. 我们看着火车离开车站。

Do you feel the house shaking? 你觉得房子在摇动吗?

Can you smell something burning? 你能闻到有东西在燃烧吗?

I saw him running off. 我看见他正在跑开去。

Verb pattern 7

Vb + Object + Adjective 作宾语补足语

Don’t get your clothes dirty.不要把你的衣服弄脏了。

The sun keeps us warm. 太阳保持我们温暖。

Get yourself ready. 把你自己准备好。

Don’t make yourself uneasy.不要使你自己不安。

I found the box empty. 我发现那匣子是空的。

The box was found empty.

We painted the door green. 我们把门漆成了绿色。

The door was painted green.

They set the prisoners free. 他们把俘虏释放了。

The prisoners were set free.

Can you push the door open? 你能够把门推开吗?

The cold weather turned the leaves red. 寒冷的天气使树叶变红了。

He wished himself dead. 他但愿自己巳死。

Verb pattern 8

Vb + Object + Noun

They elected him king 他们选举他为王。

He was elected king.

The people crowned Richard king. 人民拥戴李查为王。

They chose Mr. Smith chairman. 他们选史密斯先生为会长。

We call the dog ‘spot’.我们把那狗叫“小花“。

They named their son Henry. 他们替他们的儿子取名为亨利。They made Newton President of the Royal Society. 他们举牛顿为皇家学会主席。Newton was made President of the Royal Society.

They called them cowards. 他们呼他们为懦夫。

Verb pattern 9 过分所指的动作和状态不必一定根据主词的意志。

Vb + Object + Past Participle

You must get your hair cut. 你必须要理发了。

Where did you have them printed? 你在那个印刷厂印的这些东西。She had a new dress made. 她定制了一套新装。

Have you ever heard Italian spoken? 你曾听过人说意大利话吗?

His actions made him respected. 他的作为使他受到尊敬。

King Charles I had his head cut off. 查理一世被人斩首。

The soldier had two horses shot under him. 那兵曾有过两匹马战死其胯下。Verb pattern 10 注意副词接语可变换之位置(在受词之前)Vb + Object + Adverb or Adverbial Phrase, etc.

Put it here. 把它放置在这里。

He took his hat off. 他脱去他的帽子。

He has given it away. 他已经把它送给别人了。Mr. Smith showed me to the door. 史密斯先生送我至门口。

I was showed to the door (by Mr. Smith).

We employed her as a cook. 我们雇她为厨师。

They treat their sister as if

she were only a servant. 他们待他们的妹妹好像她只是个仆人。Their sister is treated as if she were only a servant.

He brought his brother to see me. 他带他的弟弟来见我。

He took the medicine in order to get well.他吃药为的是病好。

They led me to believe that there was no danger. 他们导致我相信没有危险。

I don’t know her to speak to.我认识她还不到能与她谈话的程度。Verb pattern 11 Vb + that-clause

I hope (that) you will come. 我希望你会来。

I suppose (that) you will be there. 我认为你会在那儿。

He explained that nothing could be done. 他解释说没有办法。

It was explained that nothing could be done.

Do you think (that) it will rain? 你想会下雨吗?

He saw (that) the plan was useless. 他看出那计划是没有用的。

It was seen that the plan was useless.

I suggested (that) he should leave early. 我建议他早点动身。

在有些动词的情形(例如 believe, hope, think , say)可以用so 代替一个肯定子句,用not 代替一个否定子句。

So I noticed (said, thought, etc) 我注意到是如此。

I believe so. 我相信是如此。

I hope (think, believe. etc) not. 我希望不是如此。

Verb pattern 12

Vb + Noun or Pronoun + that-clause

I told the man (that) he was mistaken. 我告诉那人他错了。

Has he been told (warned, reminded, etc. ) that ….?

I warned you (that) he would be late. 我曾警告你他会迟到。

We satisfied ourselves that the plan would work. 我们自信那计划会行得通。Please remind him that he must be here early. 请提醒他他必须早点到这儿。

I told you so! 我曾告诉过你是如此。

So I told you! 我曾如此告诉过你。

Verb pattern 13

Vb + Conjunctive + to + Infinitive, etc.

I wonder how to do it. 我茫然不知如何做这件事。

I do not know what to do. 我不知道怎么办。

He is learning how to swim. 他正在学习怎么样游泳。

She was wondering which to buy. 她正踌躇不知买那一样好。

Will you find out how to get there? 你去查询如何能到那儿, 好吗?You must remember when to begin. 你必须记住何时开始。

I do not know whether to go or stay. 我不知道是去好还是留好。Verb pattern 14

Vb + Noun or Pronoun Conjunctive + to + Infinitive, etc.

We showed him how to do it. 我们曾演示给他看如何做那件事。

He was shown how to do it.

Please tell me which to take. 请告诉我拿那一个。

Can you advise me which to buy? 你能建议我买那一样吗?

The patterns show you how to make sentences. 这些句型指示你怎样造句。

Tell me whether to come or not. 告诉我要不要我来。

They told him when to start. 他们曾告诉他何时开始。

He was told when to start.

Tell her what to do. 告诉她要做什么。

此型也可用十六型构造。

We showed him how he should do it. 我们曾演示给他看应如何做这件事。Verb pattern 15

Vb + Conjunctive + Clause. Whether 有时可用if 代替。

I wonder why he has not come. 我奇怪他为什么没有来。

I wonder whether (or if) he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。

I do not mind where we go. 我们到那里去,我无所谓。

Do you know who he is? 你知道他是谁吗?

I do not care what you think. 我不管你怎么想。

Can you suggest where this ought to go? 你能建议应把这放置到那里吗?Please say what you want. 请说明你要什么。

Nobody knows whose it is. 没有人知道那是谁的。

Verb pattern 16

Vb + Noun or Pronoun + Conjunctive + Clause.

Tell me what it is. 告诉我那是什么。

Ask him where he put it. 问他把它放在那里。

They asked us when we should be back. 他们问我们将于何时回来。

Can you tell me how high it is? 你能告诉我它有多高吗?

Can you inform me when the train leaves? 你能通知我火车何时开吗?

Please advise me whether these seeds should be sown now.

请教我这些种子应否现在播撒。

Verb pattern 17 此种动词后可跟动名词。Vb + Gerund, etc

A 组:(包括 keep on , go on, give up)若动名词可以替换为不定式,则两者意义互异。

Please stop talking. 请停止谈话。

He enjoys playing tennis. 他极爱打网球。

I remember doing it. 我记得曾做过此事。

Please excuse my being so late. 请原谅我来得这样晚。

Do you mind staying a little longer? 你可否再停留一刻?

(Will you please stay a little longer? 请你再停留一刻好吗?)

Do you mind my staying a little longer? 你是否愿意我再停留一刻?

(Will you please allow me to stay a little longer?)

She couldn’t help laughing. 她忍不住笑起来了。

He keeps on coming here. 他不断地到这儿来。

They went on talking. 他们继续谈下去。

They went on to talk about other matters. 他们接着又谈些别的事情.

Has it left off raining yet? 雨已经停止了吗?

另:

we stopped to talk.( stopped doing something in order to talk)

he never remembers to post my letters.

( never remembers that he has letters of mine to post.) 他从来不记得替我寄(我的)信. B: 动名词可以替换为不定式, 意义不变.

He began talking (=to talk) 他开始谈话.

He likes swimming (= to swim) 他喜欢游泳.

I prefer staying (=to stay) indoors on cold winter evenings.

在寒冬的晚上,我宁愿留在室内.

I hate refusing (= to refuse) every time. 我很遗憾每次都拒绝.

He started packing(=to pack) his books and clothes.

他开始将他的书籍和衣服整理装箱. C: 动名词等于被动式不定式.

It wants doing (= to be done). 此事尚待处理.

Your work needs correcting (= to be corrected), 你的工作需要改正.

That needs explaining (=to be explained). 那需要解释.

Verb pattern 18

Vb + Direct Object + Preposition + Prepositional Object

A: 介词为to.

I gave the money to my friend. 我把钱给我的朋友了.

I gave my friend the money.

They told the news to everybody they met. 他们把消息告诉了他们所遇到的每一个人. We showed the pictures to our teachers. 我们把那些图书给我们的老师们看了.

I don’t lend my books to anybody.我不把我的书借给任何人.

He offered one to me. 他献一个给我.

I owe ten pounds to my tailor. 我欠裁缝师十磅.

I owe my tailor ten pounds.

Throw that box to me. 把那个盒了抛给我.

Bring that book to me. 把那本书给我带来.

Bring me that book.

B: 介词为 for

He bought a gold watch for his wife. 他给他的妻子买了一只金表.

He bought his wife a gold watch.

Please save some for me. 请给我留一点.

Please save me some.

She made a new dress for herself. 她给自己做了一件新装.

She made herself a new dress.

Have you left any for your sister? 你有没有给你的妹妹留一点?

Have you left your sister any?

Please get two tickets for me. 请给我买两张票.

Please get me two tickets.

以上A B 均可改造为十九型.

C: 中介词不一定, 且不可改造为十九型.

1.Thank you for your kind help. 谢谢你的惠助。

2.Ask him for some more. 向他再要一点。

3.Compare this with that. 把这个与那个比较一下。

4.They punished him for being late. 他们因他迟到而处罚他。5.Congratulate him on his success. 向他祝贺他的成功。

6.Don’t throw stones at the dog.不要向那只狗掷石头。

7.What prevented you from coming? 什么事使你不能来?

8.Add this to what you already have. 把这个加在你所已有的一起。

9.I explained my difficulty to him. 我把我的困难向他说明了。10.Protect us from the enemy. 请保护我们免受敌人的侵袭。

本句型按照这个词序,恒用于直接受词为代名词的场合,如上例1.2.4.5.7和10.

可是在有些情形,直接受词可以出现在句末。其词序为“介系词+介系词受词+直接受词“。而非“直接受词+介系词+介系词受词“。这个词序的颠倒常是为了(a)意义的明确。(b)强调直接受词的重要。

例如:

we heard from Jones all about his sister’s escape.

我们由琼斯处听到关于他妹妹逃走的一切经过。为了意义明确必须颠倒。

His sister’s escape from Jones. 他妹妹从琼斯处逃走。

I explained to everyone in the room that nothing could be done until the following week.

我向房间里的每一个解释说,不到下一个星期毫无办法。

Add the examples I have written on the blackboard to what you already have .

把我写在黑板上的例子跟你已经有的加在一起。

Add to what you already have the examples I have written on the blackboard.

在你已经有的上面再加上我在黑板上所写的例子。

两种说法均可,颠倒使直接受词较为突出。

Don’t throw stones at the dog.不要向那只狗掷石头。

Don’t throw at the dog anything that might hurt him.

不要向那只狗投掷任何可能伤害他的东西。在第二句中为了清楚必须颠倒:前行词dog 在him 之前。

Verb pattern 19

Vb + Indirect Object + Direct Object

A: 动词可以与介系词to 连用(即十八型A)

Have they paid you the money? 他们已将钱付给你了吗?

Will you lend me five shillings? 你愿意借给我五先令吗?

Our teacher gave us an English lesson. 我们的老师给我们上了一课英文。

I read him the letter. 我把那封信念给他听。

Please throw me that book. 请把那本书抛给我。

His mother told him a story. 他的母亲给他讲了一个故事。

He handed me the book. 他把书交给我了。

The pupils wishe d their teacher ‘Good morning’.学生们祝他们的老师“早安“。

He denies her nothing. 他任何事情都不拒绝她。

B: 中之动词可以与介系词for连用(即十八型B).

She made herself a cup of tea. 她替自己预备了一杯茶。

Her father bought her a new dress. 她的父亲给她买了一件新衣。

Buy me one. 给我买一个

Did you leave me any? 你给我留了一点吗?

She ordered herself a new dress. 她替自己定购了一件新衣。

Will you do me a favor? 你愿意给我帮一个忙吗?

Can you spare me one? 你能给我留一个吗?

Can you get me a copy of that book? 你能把那书给我弄一本吗?

C: 中之动词很少或从来不用于十八型。

I envy you your fine garden. 我羡慕你的美好的花园。

Forgive us our sins. 赦免我们的罪过。

That will save me a great deal of trouble. 那将省我很多麻烦。

I struck him a heavy blow. 我给了他一个重击。

He asked me a question. 他问了我一个问题。

注意:在这种情形下,直接和间接受词这两个名词已避免使用。譬如动词strike 通常被认为是需要“双重受词“。第五例句中的ask有时用于第十八型,与介系词of 连用。如 to ask a question of someone 问某人一个问题。

Verb pattern 20

Vb + ( for ) + Complement of Distance, Time, Price, etc.

动词后面可以跟表示期间,距离,价钱,重量的补足语,介系词for 可与此型中某些动词连用,但时常省略。

We walk ed (for) five miles. 我们步行了五里。

They had come a long way. 他们曾经长途跋涉而来。

The forests stretched (for) miles and miles. 森林延展许多里之长。

The rain laste d all day. 雨整日下个不停。

He may live (for) many years yet. 他也许还可以活很多年哪。

We waite d (for) two hours. 我们等候了两小时。

It weigh s five tons. 它重五吨。

The thermometer went up ten degrees. 温度表上升了十度。

It cost ten shillings. 它值十先令。

Will you stay (for) the night? 你将留宿过夜吗?

Verb pattern 21

动词可以独立使用而不附带补足语。这种动词称为完全不及物动词。有些在正常情形下带受词的动词可用于此型,受词被省略。

Vb + alone.

Fire burns.

Birds fly.

We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们都呼吸饮食。

The moon rose.

The sun was shining.

Verb pattern 22

Vb + Predicative 表述词可是形容词、形容词短语、名词、或代名词。

This is a book.

This book is mine.

That will be plenty. 那将是充足的。

Please get ready to start. 请准备开始。

The weather has become warmer. 天气已变得暧和了。

The leaves have turn ed red. 树叶已变红了。

It feels soft. 它摸起来是柔软的。

The plan proved useless ( of no use). 该计划结果证明是无用的。The results are what we expected. 结果正是我们所预料的。

His dream came true. 他梦想竟成事实。

a.以主语补足语起始者。

What is that?

What price is that article? 那件物品什么价格?

b. 以付词或介词短语为补足语:

she is in good health. 她的健康状况良好。

The fruit is far from ripe. 这果实距离成熟还远哪?

The machine is out of order. 这机器已失灵。

c. 以不定式短语为补足语。

This house is to let. 此屋召租。

My aim was to help her. 我的目标是帮助她。

To know her is to like her. 一认识她就会喜欢她。

d. 与预示词it 连用

it is easy to do that. 做那事是容易的。

It would be a pity to waste it. 若是浪费了它,将是可惜的事。 It is no use your trying to do that. 你试图做那件事是无用的。

It is a pity he couldn’t come. 他未能来是可惜的。

Verb pattern 23

Vb + Adverbial Adjunct副词的附加语

Stand up! 起立

We must turn back. 我们必须转回去。

The sun rises in the east. 太阳在东方升起。

We did not go anywhere. 我们没有到任何地方去。

He will come as soon as he is ready. 他一准备好马上就来。

A chair will not stand on two legs. 椅子只有两只腿不会站立。Verb pattern 24

Vb + preposition + Prepositional Object

He called on me. 他拜访过我。

It depends on the weather. 此事要看天气而定。

He succeeded in solving the problem. 他解决问题成功了。

Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。

He believes in getting up early. 他相信早起有益。

I should not think of doing such a thing. 我不应该想到做这样的事情。

I rely on your discretion. 我信赖你的判断力。

I rely on you to be discreet. 我信任你是谨慎的。

I will arrange for transport. 我将安排交通事宜。

I will arrange for a car to meet you at the station. 我将安排一辆小汽车来车站接你。Verb pattern 25

Vb + to + Infinitive.

Vp25的动词是不及物动词,按照它们一部份或全部的意义,后可跟to及不定式。此型可再细分。

A: 不定式是表示目标的。

We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。

I am waiting to hear your opinion. 我在等待着你的意见。

I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. 我来埋葬凯撒,不是来颂扬他的。B: 不定式表示结果的

He lived to be ninety. 他活到了九十岁。

How do you come to know that? 你如何(终于)知道那事的?

How can I get to know her? 我有什么办法可以(找个机会)认识他。C: 不定式相当于一个对等子句。

He awoke to find the house on fire. 他醒来发现房子着火了。

He awoke and found the house on fire.

The good old days have gone never to return. 美好的昔日已去矣。永不复回。The good old days have gone and will never return.

She trembled to think of it. 她一想起它就发抖。

She trembled when she thought of it.

D: 不定式反较定动词重要。

They seemed not to notice it. 他们好像并未注意到它。

Do you happen to know where he is? 你是否知道他在何处?

I chanced to meet him in the park 我偶然在公园里遇到他。

E: 不定式用在be 的定动词形式之后表示各种不同的意义。We are to be married in May. 我们定于五月里结婚。

Am I to stand here for ever? 我就在这里永远站下去吗?Nobody is to know. 任何人不许知道。

This I was only to learn later. 这事我到后来才知道。

副词接语

它用以指示一类特殊的副词,它与其它副词有许多不同之点。在多数的情形下,这些副词(如about, by, down, in, off, on, over, round, through, up)也都作介系词用。副词接语是重要的,因为它们能与动词联合构成一些特殊的造词,如 blow up (爆炸) leave off(停止) go on(继续) give in(屈服) give up(放弃)make out(了解)

副词接语之另一重要特点是它在句子中的位置。下列各点应为所有欲学习英文的人所熟记。

1.当句中没有直接受词时,副词接语紧跟在动词的后面。

Come in. Do not give up, whatever happens.

2.当直接受词是人称代词时,副词接语放在人称代词后,非前。

I cannot make it out. 我不了解它。

Put them on.

Throw him out. 把他赶出去。

3.当直接受词不是人称代词时,副词接语置于直接受词之前后均可。

Put your coat on. Put on your coat.

当直接受词较长(例如当它是名词子句时)的句子里,副词接语以置于动词之后直接受词之前为佳。

He gave away every book that he possessed. 他把他所有的每一本书都给了别

人。

He gave his books away. 他把他的书给了人家。

4.副词接语可置于感叹词之首。

In you go! 你们进去吧!

Away they went! 他们走开啦!

Off went John! 约翰去啦!

注意在这个句子当中,如果主词是名词则主词与动词颠倒位置。如主词是人称代

词则主词动词不颠倒。

5.副词接语与介词with联合用于无动词之感叹句中。

Down with the tyrant! 打倒暴君!

Up with the Republic! 拥护共和国!

Off with his head! 杀掉他的头!

Away with him! 把他带走!

English Department

Beijing Normal Univ

Beijing 100875

Oct.2o,2003

Dear lily

I’m glad to tell you that we are going to have a reunion party which will invite some people met once at an international conference.

Here are some details about this party.It will be held in shanghai restaurant on mar 14th.This is a reunion party which in order to Enhance the friendship between each other.We have prepared some delicious food and appetizers for everyone, and some dessert.As for drinks, there are beers, juice, red wine,whisk and so on.I do believe you will enjoy yourself if you can come!

We are looking forward your coming!

Yours

Helen

Dear Aunt,Uncle

I feel much honored that I have the chance to stay in New York with your family for some days.

I’ll arrive in New York in a couple of weeks, on Apr 15th.And I will spend 3weeks in New York. Then I’ll go to the Australia for my next travel.

I’m looking forward to seeing you.

Yours

Helen Dear Amy

I’m terribly sorry that I can’t receive you on the National Day. I hope that this did not mess you up completely, though I’d glad to spend holiday with you.But my uncle was ill in hospital, so I have to visit him on the National Day.I’m very sorry about all that.I’m sure you’ll be sympathetic.I promise you that I’ll do my best give you a wonderful holiday.

National Day is coming.Best wishes to you!

Yours

Helen Dear Lucy

I was so embarrassed that I won’t send you the gift which I promise you buy it for you from Japan.I hope that this did not let you down. Although I know you have expected that.I won’t go to Japan recently, because I have to take part in a debating competition.So I prepare it recently.I’m so sorry about that.I’m sure you’ll be sympathetic.

I promise you that if I have chance to go to Japan after this competition.

Once again, I apologize for this.

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