2019年中考英语被动语态专题

2019年中考英语被动语态专题

(详细语法讲解+真题实战练习)

一、课程介绍

知识点：

①一般现在时被动语态

②一般过去时被动语态

③一般将来时被动语态

④含情态动词的被动语态

⑤主动语态变被动语态几种特殊情况

教学重点：

①一般现在时被动语态

②一般过去时被动语态

③一般将来时被动语态

教学难点：

①主动和被动情况的判定

②被动语态某些特殊情况

二、知识精要

语态概述:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

①主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

e.g. Many people speak Chinese.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

②被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

e.g. Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现

出来的。

e.g. Many trees are planted by people every year.

③主动语态和被动语态的转换

a. 将主语句的宾语变为被动句的主语，若主动句的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。

b. 谓语动词变为被动形式，即be+及物动词的过去分词形式，注意时态保持一致

c. 将主动句的主语与变为被动句的宾语，主格变为宾格，并由by引导

主语为动作的承受者时，表示被动语态。

Tom eats an apple. (主动语态）

An apple is eaten by Tom. (被动语态)

1、一般现在时被动语态

一般现在时被动语态结构：am／is／are＋done

e.g. We’re influenced by his ideas.

我们仍然被他的思想所影响

e.g. It is still read and loved by people all over the world.

它仍然被全世界的人们所读和喜爱。

2、一般过去时被动语态

一般过去时被动语态结构：was／were＋done

e.g. In those days, books were only produced one at a time by hand.

在那个年代，书是靠手工制作的，一次只能制作一本

3、一般将来时被动语态

一般将来时被动语态结构：will be＋done

e.g. Their photos will be put up on the school website.

他们的照片将被公布在学校的网站上

书将会被网络取代吗？

e.g. Will books be replaced by the internet?

4、情态动词被动语态

情态动词被动语态结构：情态动词（can\must\should等）+ done

e.g. This watch can be repaired in two days.

这块手表两天以后可以被修好。

e.g. It should be done at once.

它应该立即被做。

5、主动语态变被动语态几种特殊情况

①含有双宾语的被动语态

a. 把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语仍放在动词后不变

主动语态：Lucy gives Lily a book.

被动语态：Lily is given a book by Lucy.

b.用直接宾语作被动句的主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to(在give, pass, lend, write, bring, show,

tell, send等动词后)或for(在draw, buy, make, leave, play, order, cook等动词后) 主动语态：Lucy gives Lily a book.

被动语态：A book is given a book to Lily by Lucy.

②含有复合宾语的被动语态

a. 由形容词，名词等作宾语补足语的句子，变为被动语态时，把宾语变为主语，宾补变为

主补。

主动语态：Tom calls the cat Mimi.

被动语态：The cat is called Mimi by Tom.

b. 在主动句中，不定式作感官，使役动词的宾语补足语时，要省略to,但在变为被动语态的

时候，要加上to。如：see, hear, notice, make等。

主动语态：The boss makes the girl work all day.

被动语态：The girl is made to work all day by the boss.

③表示被动含义的主动动词

a. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste (吃起来), sound (听

起来), prove (证明是), feel (摸上去感到)等,例如:

Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。

b. 一些与can't (不能) 或won't (不会) 连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut (关上) , open

(打开), act (上演) 等,例如:

The door won't open.这门打不开。

It can't move.它不能动。

c. 一些与well (很), easily (容易地), perfectly (十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell (销售) , wash (洗), clean (打扫), burn (燃烧), cook (煮)等,例如:

The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。

These clothes wash well. 这些衣服很耐洗。

三、要点讲练

【要点1】一般现在时被动语态

【例题】

1、--What tools _______ to make paper cutting?

-- Scissors.

A. are used

B. used

C. will use

D. use

【解析】主语tools与谓语动词use的关系是被动，且句子用的是一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被用语态。

【答案】A

2、Lady Gaga _________ by many boys and girls at school.

A.loves

B.is loving

C.is loved

D.are loved

【解析】主语Lady Gaga与谓语动词love的关系是被动，且句子用的是一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被用语态。

【答案】C

3、More chances for students to learn from each other if working in groups.

A. provide

B. are provided

C. provided

D. will provide

【解析】句中主语more chances与动词provide之间为被动关系，句子应用被动语态。

【答案】B

【即学即用】

用方框所给动词适当形式填空

1、The coat _______for keeping water away.

2、More and more trees ____________on the mountains every day.

3、There’re 50 students in my class and we _________ into 5 groups by Mr. Wu.

4、The students often to take good care of their desks and chairs.

5、The shirt ______of cotton.

【答案】

1. is used

2. are planted

3. are divided

4. are told

5. is made 【要点2】一般过去时被动语态

【例题】

1、The mobile phone______ in 1973.

A. invents

B. is invented

C. invented

D. was invented

【解析】根据语境及时间状语可知被发明发生在过去，且主语与谓语动词表被动关系。

【答案】D

2、Emily is glad that she for her honesty at that meeting.

A. praises

B. praised

C. is praised D . was praised

【解析】句意：埃米莉很高兴在那次会议上她因诚实被表扬。praises 为动词的第三人称单数

形式；praised 表示一般过去时；is praised 是一般现在时的被动语态；was praised 是一

般过去时的被动语态。根据语境可知被表扬发生在过去，故选D 。

【答案】D

3、Paper first about 2，000 years ago in China.

A. is; creating

B. is; created

C. has; created D . was; created

【解析】首先，句中的... ago 是一般过去时的标志；其次，“纸”和“制造”之间是被动关系。

因此本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是：was/were + 过去分词。

【答案】

D

【即学即用】

用所给动词适当形式填空

①Hero ________ (direct) by Zhang Yimou in 2005.

②— What were the children doing over there?

— They ___________(choose) to welcome the 41st World Earth Day.

③When the car (invent)?

④A stranger________(see) to go into the teachers’ room just now.

⑤The fashionable dress __________ (design) by Cheng Yifei last year.

【答案】①was directed ②were chosen ③was invented

④was seen ⑤was designed

【要点3】一般将来时被动语态

1、The museum_______ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival.

A.is decorated

B. will decorated

C. is decorating

D. will be decorated

【解析】句意：根据时间状语next month，用一般将来时态，又由句意知，用被动语态。【答案】D

2、It’s reported that Jiangsu Grand Theatre in September this year.

A. completes

B. is completed

C. will complete

D. will be completed

【解析】句意：据报道，江苏大剧院于今年九月份。由句中的时间状语this year 知，用一般将来时态，又由句意知，用被动语态。故选D。

【答案】D

【即学即用】

3、A new road near my school next year.

A. builds

B. will build

C. is built

D. will be built

【解析】句意：靠近我校的一条新的公路明年将会建成。由标志词next year 可知，时态为一般将来时will do/be going to do。又由a new road和build之间是被动关系可知，谓语动词用被动语态“be done”。故选D。

【答案】D

用所给动词适当形式填空

1、The cars _________(make) in Shanghai in 2002.

2、The project _________(finish) next month.

3、The sick boy _______（take）to the hospital soon.

4、A supermarket (build) near our building next year.

【答案】

1、will be made

2、will be finished

3、will be taken

4、will be built

【要点4】情态动词被动语态

1、--Please come back earlier, honey!

--I’m not a child! I should _______ what to do!

A. be told

B. not to be told

C. tell

【解析】句意：“亲爱的，请早点回来。”“我不是个孩子了！我不应该被告知要做什么。”

分析句意可，用被动语态。

【答案】B

2、—The children to follow the rules from a young age.

—I agree.

A. educated

B. educate

C. should educate

D. should be educated

【解析】句意：“应该教育孩子从小遵守规则。”“我同意。”分析句意可推知：强调动作执行者，且用于提出建议，故用被动语态should be educated表示。

【答案】D

—I want to borrow the book，but I don’t know how long it may.

—For two weeks.

A. borrow

B. be borrowed

C. keep

D. be kept

【解析】句意：“我想借这本书，但是我不知道能够借多久。”“两周。”结合语境可知宾语从句中主语是动作的承受者，故用被动语态。选项B表示瞬间动作，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，故选D。

【答案】D

【即学即用】

用所给动词适当形式填空

1、The cars should_________(make) in Shanghai.

2、The project must _________(finish) next month.

3、The sick boy can’t _______（take）to the hospital because there is a storm now.

【答案】

1、be made

2、be finished

3、be taken

【要点5】主动语态变被动语态几种特殊情况

1、My father bought me a book yesterday. (改为被动语态)

A book me yesterday.

【解析】这是将含双宾语的主动句变成被动句。要注意加介词for。

【答案】was bought for

2、The girl was often heard happily in her room.

A. sing

B. to sing

C. singing

D. sings

【解析】hear sb. do sth. “听见某人做了某事”，它的被动结构为sb. be heard to do sth 【答案】B

※【链接中考】

①孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家，今天我们依然受到他的思想的影响

Confucius is known as a great thinker in ancient China. ___________________________. 【解析】本题考查一般现在时被动语态。结构：am\is\are +done

【答案】Today, we are still influenced by his thought.

②我们的教室一天打扫两次

_____________________________________________.

【解析】本题考查一般现在时被动语态。结构：am\is\are +done

【答案】The classroom is cleaned by us twice a day.

③我最喜欢赵敏拍的那张照片

【解析】本题考查定语从句和一般过去时被动语态。结构：was\were +done

【答案】The photo I like best was taken by Zhaomin.

④卡通人物史努比深受孩子们喜爱

【解析】本题考查一般现在时被动语态。结构：am\is\are +done

【答案】Cartoon character snoopy is deeply loved by children.

⑤The 2008 Olympic Games_______（hold）in Beijing.

【解析】本题考查一般过去时被动语态。结构：was\were +done

【答案】was held

⑥Some children like to buy food from shops outside school, but this _________(allow).

【解析】本题考查一般现在时被动语态。结构：am\is\are+done

【答案】isn’t allowed

四、基础达标

1、单选

1．-Why does the earth look blue in space？

-Because most of the earth's surface ______ by water．

A．covers B．is covered

C．cover D．are covered

【解析】首先根据设空处所在的句子表述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语most of the earth's surface 是动作cover 的承受者，表示"被覆盖"所以用被动语态，一般现在时被动语态的构成是：主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is，故选B

【答案】B

2．When you go abroad，you'll find that so many products in local shops in China A．make B．have made C．are made

【解析】首先根据句意"当你出国的时候，你会发现当地商店里那么多的产品是中国制造的．"，判断设空处所在的句子表述的是一般性的事实，所以用一般现在时，主语so many products 是动作make 的承受者，表示"被制造"所以用被动语态，一般现在时被动语态的构成是：主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词，主语是复数名词，be动词用are，故选C．

【答案】C

3.--As China grows stronger and stronger,Chinese _____ in more and more schools out of our cou ntry．

--That's true．As a Chinese，I feel very proud．

A．teaches B．has taught C．is taught D．was taught

【解析】首先根据设空处所在句子的句意"国外越来越多的学校开设了汉语课．"判断句子表述的是现在的客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语Chinese是动作teach 的承受者，所以用被动语态，一般现在时被动语态的构成是：主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is，故选C．

【答案】C

4．A year has four seasons and it _____twelve months．

A．divided into B．is dividing into

C．was divided into D．is divided into

【解析】结合语境A year has four seasons"一年有四个季节"可知描述的是客观真理，故确定时态为一般现在时，主语it代指a year是谓语动词divide into 的承受者，二者形成被动关系，故用被动语态，故谓语动词用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词，主语it是第三人称单数，be动词用is，divide的过去分词是divided，故选D

【答案】D

5．In Switzerland，things like glass and plastic into different groups and then recycled A．separate B．separated

C．are separated D．is separated

【解析】根据选项中的动词"separate"，可知其含义为"分离"．主语为"things like glass and plastic"（像玻璃和塑料这种东西）．可知主语是动作的承受者，故应该用被动语态（be done）．句子描述的是一种客观事实，用一般现在时．主语things又是复数形式，故谓语动词应该用are．故选C．

【答案】C

6．—When ____ you ________ here?

—Two days ago.

A．did；come B．have；come

C．will；come D．do；come

【解析】本题考查动词的时态。由答语“Two days ago.”可知，问话者询问的是“你什么时候

来这儿的”，应使用一般过去时。故选A。

【答案】A

7．Chinese ________ more and more people around the world．

A．is spoken B．spoke C．are spoken D．speaks

【解析】首先根据句子表述的是现在的客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语Chinese是动作speak的承受者，表示"被说"所以用被动语态，一般现在时被动语态的构成是：主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is，speak的过去分词是spoken，故选A．【答案】A

8．-What happened to Billy？

-He ___________ because of his drunk-driving．

A．is caught B．was caught C．has caught

【解析】首先根据问句中的happened，判断设空处句子中的谓语动词用一般过去时，主语he是动作catch的承受者，表示"被抓住"，所以用被动语态，一般过去时被动语态的构成是：主语+was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是he，be动词用was，故选B．

【答案】B

9．He Jing______to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month．A．invites B．invited

C．is invited D．was invited

【解析】这句话的主语是He Jing，是动作的承受者，它和动词invite构成被动关系，所以应该用被动语态．根据时间状语last month．可知应该用一般过去时的被动语态．一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词．主语是He Jing，第三人称单数，所以应该是was invited，故选：D．

【答案】D

10．-Waiter，I'd like some Ningbo Dumplings．

-Sorry，sir．Ningbo Dumplings ______only for lunch and dinner．

A．serve B．served

C．are served D．are serving

【解析】首先根据设空处所表述的句子是一般性的事实，所以用一般现在时，主语Ningbo dumplings 是动作serve的承受者，所以用被动语态，一般现在时被动语态的构成是：主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词，主语是复数名词，be动词用are，故选C

【答案】C

11．A new road near my school next year.

A. builds

B. will build

C. is built

D. will be built

【解析】句意：靠近我校的一条新的公路明年将会建成。由标志词next year 可知，时态为一般将来时will do/be going to do。又由a new road和build之间是被动关系可知，谓语动词用被动语态“be done”。故选D。

【答案】D

12.Paper first about 2，000 years ago in China.

A. is; creating

B. is; created

C. has; created

D. was; created

【解析】首先，句中的... ago是一般过去时的标志；其次，“纸”和“制造”之间是被动关系。因此本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是：was/were + 过去分词。故选D。【答案】D

13. —Mom，where is my model plane?

—Oh，it to Jenny yesterday.

A. is lent

B. lends

C. was lent

D. lent

【解析】题干中it作主语，与lend是被动关系，应用被动语态，即“被送给……”；又由yesterday 可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故选C。

【答案】C

14.He Jiang to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.

A. invites

B. invited

C. is invited

D. was invited

【解析】句意：上个月贺江被邀请在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上作报告。根据last month可知应用一般过去时态，又根据He Jiang与invite为被动关系知用被动语态，故答案选D。

【答案】D

15. Emily is glad that she for her honesty at that meeting.

A. praises

B. praised

C. is praised

D. was praised

【解析】句意：埃米莉很高兴在那次会议上她因诚实被表扬。praises为动词的第三人称单数形式；praised表示一般过去时；is praised是一般现在时的被动语态；was praised是一般过去时的被动语态。根据语境可知被表扬发生在过去，故选D。

【答案】D

16. It’s reported that Jiangsu Grand Theatre in September this year.

A. completes

B. is completed

C. will complete

D. will be completed

【解析】句意：据报道，江苏大剧院于今年九月份。由句中的时间状语this year 知，用一般将来时态，又由句意知，用被动语态。故选D。

【答案】D

17.More chances for students to learn from each other if working in groups.

A. provide

B. are provided

C. provided

D. will provide

【解析】句中主语more chances与动词provide之间为被动关系，句子应用被动语态，故选B。句意：小组合作会给学生提供更多相互学习的机会。

【答案】B

18. —I want to borrow the book，but I don’t know how long it may .

—For two weeks.

A. borrow

B. be borrowed

C. keep

D. be kept

【解析】句意：“我想借这本书，但是我不知道能够借多久。”“两周。”结合语境可知宾语从句中主语是动作的承受者，故用被动语态。选项B表示瞬间动作，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。

【答案】D

19. Lunar Probe(月球探测器) Chang’e-5 into space this year. It will land on the moon and return with lunar samples(样品).

【解析】句意：月球探测器嫦娥5号将会在今年被送入太空。它将登陆月球并在返回时带回月球样品。根据后句中的will land可知要用将来时态，主语为物，与动词send是被动关系，要用被动语态。

【答案】B

20. —The children to follow the rules from a young age.

—I agree.

A. educated

B. educate

C. should educate

D. should be educated

【解析】句意：“应该教育孩子从小遵守规则。”“我同意。”分析句意可推知：强调动作执行者，且用于提出建议，故用被动语态should be educated表示。

【答案】D

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