四级翻译技巧及练习
三．常考考点与解题技巧
（一）．常考考点
短句翻译考查点常为四级学习中的一些重要的词汇、词组、惯用法、句型等。
以2006年6月四级真题为例。
Part VI Translation
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in blankets.
87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ________________(找到去历史博物馆的路).
参考答案：finding the way to the history museum
88. ______________________(为了挣钱供我上学)，Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.
参考答案：In order to support my university studies (to finance my education)
89. The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。
参考答案：we hand in our research report(s)
90. The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂).
参考答案：the more confused I am
91. Though a skilled worker, _______________(他被公司解雇了).
参考答案：he was fired by the company
1.重点词汇或短语
第87题重点考查考生是否掌握了have trouble（in）doing sth这一结构和短语the way to …的用法。
第88题重点考查in order to do sth这一短语的用法。
第89题重点考查短语hand in的用法。
2.重点语法
重点语法主要包括：虚拟语气、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词、时态、语态、独立主格结构、倒装句、省略句等。
第89题重点考查考生是否掌握虚拟语气。按照虚拟语气的规则，在表示“命令、建议、请求…”动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要使用should do”的形式，should可以省略。
第91题重点考察被动语态和时态的用法。
3.特殊的句型结构
特殊的句型结构包括：倍数表达法、强调句、名词前多个形容词的顺序、比较结构等等。
第90题重点考查考生是否掌握“越…越…”结构的用法。
现将常考句型结构简单归纳如下：
1）倍数表达法X times as +adj/adv.+as
X times +adj/adv.+ than
X times + width/length/breadth/value…
2）强调句型it is/was +被强调内容+that/who…
3) 名词前多个形容词的顺序：限定词（冠词、代词、数词）+一般描述+年龄+形状+颜色+
来源+材料+
目的
4）直到…才… not …until…
5) 可能it is likely… /chances are that…/it is possible that…
6) 一…就… hardly/scarcely…when…
7) 据说/据报道/据调查/据估计…It is said/reported/surveyed/estimated…..that….
8) 除了…以外别无选择have no option/choice/alternative…but to…
9) …也是so/neither+助动词+主语
10) 越…越… the more … the more…
（二）．解题技巧
在做汉译英试题时，首先需要同时考虑所给的英语和汉语信息，需要完整而准确地理解原句。翻译过程是一个从理解到表达的过程，只有做到对原句的准确理解，才能把原语言翻译成准确的目标语。同时，要能从大量积累的目标语料中找到能恰当的表达原语言的内容，按照一定的语法规则完成翻译的过程。在翻译完成后，还要考虑整个句子结构是否完整，较特殊的词汇或语法项目的用法是否恰当。
常用基本翻译方法:
1.顺序法：不改变原文表达语序。
Eg. 他打开门，发现屋子里乱七八糟。
He opened the door and found the room was in a mess.
2.逆序法：根据目标语表达习惯，按原文的反向翻译。
Eg. 上课前他读了两遍课文。
He read the text twice before class.
3.增译法：译文中增加原文没有的词句，补全原文隐含的内容。
Eg. 听说你升职的消息，很是高兴。
I was very happy on hearing that you got promoted.
4.减译法：译文中省略原文中无关紧要的内容。
Eg. 政府要采取有力措施解决环境污染问题。
The government is going to take strong measures to solve the environmental pollution. 5.词性转换法：将原文中的某个词的词性在译文里用其它词性的词表达出来。
Eg. 你赞成还是反对这项计划？
Are you for or against this plan?
6.分句法：将原文中的一个句子译成两个或两个以上句子。
Eg. 十一月，苏得了肺炎。
It was in November, and Sue fell a victim to pneumonia.
7.合句法：将原文中的两个或两个以上的句子译成一个句子。
Eg. 他粗心大意，车撞倒了树上。
His carelessness resulted in the car crash into a tree.
四．专项练习
Test 1
Directions: Complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets.
1.Since the examination is around the corner, ________________________ ( 我不得不放弃做
运动).
2. The teacher always tells us that ________________________________________________
( 我们必须把学到的知识应用于实际工作中).
3. ( 不用说) ________________________ that he’s been there before.
4. You would get some discount, were ___________________________________ ( 若你能多
订阅几种周刊) such as Time or Newsweek.
5. Owing to lack of funds, the project ______________________________ (似乎注定要失败) from the start.
Test 2
Directions: Complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets.
1.It _____________________ (他突然想到) that the son might have killed his father.
2. (据报道) __________________________ the company is short of manpower, materials and money.
3. ____________________ (我们刚把麦子割下来) than it began to rain.
4. As an old saying goes, “ _______________________” (诚实为上策).
5. The professor required that ____________________________________ (我们交研究报告) by Wednesday.
Test 3
Directions: Complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets.
1.He expects to _______________________ (接管生意) when his father retires as president.
2.In spite of his broken leg, __________________________ (他坚持工作).
3.His background is rather __________________________(和我的相似).
4.Don’t employ someone you suspect, _______________________________ (用人不疑).
5.The board of directors only sets basic guidelines but,
_________________________________ (涉及到小事的处理)，it’s up to you.
Test 4
Directions: Complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets.
1.__________________________________________ (从表面上看，她温柔可亲) but really
she was the meanest person I have ever met.
2.We’d better stop chatting and _________________________________ (着手办正事吧).
3.Top students usually ____________________________ (充分利用课堂时间).
4.The story made me think that ______________________________________________ (在类
似的处境下，我该做些什么).
5.________________________ (就我而言), I prefer living in the country.
Test 5
Directions: Complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets.
1.______________________________ (无论从哪一方面考虑), they ought to be given another
chance.
2.We must ________________ (使自己适应) the demands of our times; otherwise we’ll fall
behind the other industrialized nations of the world.
3._______________________ (他们没有去游泳), they went to play football that day.
4.After the operation, _____________________________ (他的身体很健康).
5.We think it most important that _______________________________________ (理论与实际
相结合).
答案与知识点总结
Test 1
参考答案
1．I am compelled to give up/abandon doing sports.
2. we should apply what we learned to the practical work
3. It’s needless to say
4. you to subscribe to more weekly magazines
5. seems bound to be a failure
知识点总结:
1.be around the corner很近，在附近; （比喻义）就要来临
eg. Her house is just around the corner.
There were good times around the corner.
cut corners ( 常不按规则或省略地)用最简捷经济的方式做事，图省事
cut the corner走捷径，抄近道
2.discount n. 折扣同义词: reduction
eg. a 10% discount 九折
3.owing to因为，由于
eg. The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain.
Test 2
参考答案
1.occurred to him suddenly
2.It is reported that
3.No sooner had we got in the wheat
4.Honesty is the best policy.
5.we hand in our research report(s)
知识点总结：
1. be short of不足，短缺
eg. He is not short of excuses when things go wrong.
2. saying n. 谚语，格言，警句
as an old saying goes常言道
eg. “Accidents will happen”, as an old saying goes. 常言道:“意外事，总难免”。
3. 由require, advise, ask, beg, command, decide, demand, desire, determine, insist, order
prefer(宁愿), propose, recommend, request, require, suggest(建议) 等动词引导的that 宾语从句在表示指令性含义的时候，从句应该用虚拟语气。类似的形容词有advisable, appropriate, better, desirable, essential, important, impossible, insistent, necessary , preferable, proper, strange, urgent, vital 等。
Test 3
参考答案
1.take over the business
2.he insisted on working
3.similar to mine
4.nor suspect someone you employ
5.when it comes to managing minor matters
知识点总结：
1.retire v. 退职，退休
eg. She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.
He has no plan to retire as editor of the magazine.
retirement n.
2. in spite of尽管，无论
eg. In spite of his age, he still leads an active life.
They went swimming in spite of all the danger signs.
despite (prep) 不管, 尽管
eg. She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.
3. suspect v. 疑有，觉得(尤指坏事可能属实或发生); 怀疑(某人有罪)
eg. If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.
He resigned after being suspect ed of theft.
suspicion n. 怀疑
suspicious adj. 感觉怀疑的；令人怀疑的
4.board of directors董事会
set guideline制定方针
5.be up to是…的职责或责任；由…决定
eg. It’s not up to you to tell me how to do my job.
Shall we eat out or stay in? It’s up to you.
Test 4
参考答案
1.On the outside she appears gentle and kind
2.get down to business
3.make full use of class time
4.what should we do under similar circumstance
5.For my part
知识点总结：
1.’d (had) better/best do sth最好(做某事)
eg. We’d better go to the doctor about your cough.
2. top adj. (位置、级别或程度)最高的
eg. He’s one of the top players in the country.
3. prefer v. 更喜欢；认为…胜过
eg. I prefer jazz to rock music.
The donor prefers to remain anonymous.
I prefer playing in defence.
I would prefer that you did not mention my name.
Test 5
参考答案
1.Taking everything into consideration/account
2.adapt ourselves to
3.Instead of going swimming
4.he is in good health/condition
5.theory be combined with practice
知识点总结：
1. demand n. (坚决的)要求；所需之物; 顾客的要求或需要
eg. This firm attempts to meet/satisfy the customer s’demand.
There’s an increased demand for organic produce these days.
v. 强烈要求; 需要
eg. The UN has demanded that all troops be withdrawn.
I demand to see the manager.
This sport demands both speed and strength.
on demand一经要求
eg. Feed the baby on demand.
2. fall behind (sb./sth.)落后，落在…后面
eg. She soon fell behind the leaders.
fall behind with sth.拖欠；没有及时做…
eg. They had fallen behind with their mortgage repayment.
3. sb. think it most important/vital/urgent/significant etc. that……某人认为…最重要/关键/紧迫/有意义…等，从句中要用虚拟语气，should 可以省略。