搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 汉英翻译基础教程_期末考试复习

汉英翻译基础教程_期末考试复习

汉英翻译基础教程_期末考试复习
汉英翻译基础教程_期末考试复习

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68)

粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves)

海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky)

灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine)

纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold)

单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse)

赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart)

无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole)

扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)

开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain)

大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums)

风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking)

二.翻译下列句子

(1)这是他们夫妻之间的事情,你去插一脚干吗?

That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? (2)别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全,真是个顺风耳啊!

You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. (3)这消息让我出了一身冷汗。

I’m extremely terrified by the news.

(4)她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。

She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school.

(5)我不敢班门弄斧,诚望您发表高见。

I dare not show off in the presence of(在……面前)an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten(启发,启蒙)us on this matter.

(6)敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。

The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder.

(7)敌军军官听说后路已被切断,吓得目瞪口呆。

The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off.

(8)这些问题盘根错节,三言两语说不清楚。

These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

(9)今天下午的球赛,棋逢对手,一定很精彩。

This afternoon’s ball game is sure to be an exciting one, for the two sides are well-matched. (10)他们为敌人效尽犬马之劳。

They worked faithfully in the service of the enemies.

(11)真正的朋友应该是雪中送炭。

A real good friend should be one offering timely help.

(12)他们和群众血肉相连,休戚与共。

They maintain the closest relations with the masses and share their weal(福利,幸福) and woe( 悲痛,苦恼).

(13)他这几天心里七上八下,老是安静不下来。

His mind was in a turmoil these days and he was quite unable to think straight.

(14)我们要重视沿海与内地的贫富差距问题。

We must pay close attention to (the problem of) the gap between coastal and inland areas. (15)我们必须与腐败和各种不公正现象作斗争。

We must fight against corruption and injustice.

(16)你必须提出一些解决方案。

You must work out some solutions.

(17)不尝黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜。

Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.

(Who has never tasted Chinese goldthread which is bitter will never know honey is sweet.) (18)他等着她来,急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。

He waited for her arrival, with a frenzied agitation.

(19)妈妈非常激动,我感到她的背在颤抖,就在那一刻,我第一次明白妈妈也有脆弱的一面。

In that moment, feeling mother’s back racked with emotion, I understood for the first time her vulnerability.

(20)他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动。

Their optimism moved us greatly.

(21)目前公司的经营状况已经有所好转。

At present, the business in our company is turning for the better.

(22)我明白许多家庭今天都意识到他们家中少了人.

I knew that many families today were conscious of absences.

(23)我知道我会碰到严寒酷暑。

I knew I would encounter extremes of weather.

(24)只要你嫁给我,鸡鸭鱼肉,绫罗绸缎,一辈子享受不尽。

If you are willing to marry me, you will enjoy the luxuries all your life.

(25)我们都来自五湖四海。

We are from all corners of the country.

第二节名词的具体译法

具体译法是指在翻译过程中把原文中抽象或比较抽象的单词、词组、成语或者句子用具体或比较具体的单词、词组、成语或者句子来进行翻译,从而消除或降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失,使译文产生与原文同样的效果。

具体译法的长处在于:可以利用译文的优势,与原文展开竞赛,以非常生动具体的形象语言来表达原文中原本比较抽象的概念,使得读者能欣赏到活生生的语言。

二.翻译下列句子

(1)他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。

He has many hot potatoes to handle every day.

(2)他新雇来的女佣人懒得出奇,饭量倒很大,真是一个无用而又累赘的的东西。His newly employed servant woman was extremely lazy and ate a lot, no more than a white elephant.

(3)我不敢肯定我能赢得这个荣誉,这还是未到手的东西。

I’m not sure whether I can win the honour; it’s a bird in the bush. (A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 一鸟在手胜过两鸟在林。)

(4)不要过早乐观,真正的困难还在后头呢。

Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. The real difficulties still lay ahead.

(5)我们决不能姑息坏人。

We should never warm snakes in our bosoms.

(6)至于那些苹果,我们就对半分吧。

As for the apples, let’s go fifty-fifty with them.

(7)他们的见解非常相似。

Their ideas run in the same groove(沟,槽).

(8)我知道你现在是进退两难。

I know you are holding a wolf by the ears.

(9)他这个人只管自己的事。

He is a man who hoes(n. v. 锄,锄头)his own potatoes.

(10)你真是说话不看对象。

You are really casting pearls before swine.

(11)空谈不如实践。

The proof of the pudding is in the eating.

(12)他出身在富贵之家。

He was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译

第一节翻译中的选义

翻译包括理解和表达两个过程。要做好翻译,首先要对原文进行正确的理解。但汉语和英语中都有很普遍的一词多义现象,却给理解和表达都带来了很大的困难。

二.根据语境选择合适的词义

语义与语境关系密切。同样的一个词,在不同的上下文里,就可能产生不同的意思。英国语言学家Firth曾经说过:Each word is a new word in a new context(每个词在一个新的语境中就是一个新词)。所以说,“多义词数量很多,但我们在语言的实际运用中,除少数歧义句外,却极少见到词的多义现象。因为在一个具体语境中只使用多义词的其中一个义项”(傅敬民等,《英汉翻译辨析》,p10)。

同样,在汉译英时,也需要联系上下文选择符合原文语境的语义。如“得失”一词的翻译:

1.两种办法各有得失。

2.他从不计较个人得失。

1.Each of the two methods has its advantages and disadvantages.

2.He never gives thought to personal gain and loss.

又如“意见”一词的翻译:

1.干部应该虚心听取群众的意见。

2.你应该听从医生的意见。

3.汤姆对此很有意见。

4.许多人对这种做法很有意见。

5.我对该教学计划提出了一些修改意见。

6.双方在昨天的会上闹起了意见。

7.中美两国就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。

8.双方取得了一致意见。

9.他们在这件事上意见不一。

10.全班就推举谁做班长取得了一致的意见。

11.如果没有意见,现在散会。

1. A cadre should listen carefully to the opinions of the masses.

2.You should follow the doctor’s advice.

3.Tom has a lot of complaints about it.

4.Many people took vigorous(有力的,猛烈的) exception(反对,异议)to such behavior.

5.I made some suggestions for the revision of the teaching plan.

6.Both sides got into disputes at the meeting yesterday.

7.China and the United States exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.

8.Both sides reached an agreement.

9.They have a disagreement with this.

10.The whole class has reached unanimity(一致同意)on who will be the monitor.

11.If there is no objection, the meeting is over.

从以上译例可以看出,一词多义的现象很普遍,即使是一个简单的词也要把它放在原文的语境中去理解。否则很容易造成理解不到位、译文走样的现象。原文中的一些常见词,看似容易,在实际操作过程中,却往往译错,究其原因是没有把词语放在特定的语境中去考察,孤立的词语的意义必然是游离不定的。

三.根据搭配选择合适的词义

1.看

1.老师看出了我的心事。

2.这双鞋要是还看得过去,你就买吧。

3.我看出了他的软肋。

4.明天是否出去玩,还得看天气。

5.他看出了苗头。

6.宝贝,别跑得这么快,看摔着!

1.The teacher read my thoughts.

2.If you think the pair of shoes is all right, then buy it.

3.I spotted his weak point.

4.Whether we’ll go on a trip tomorrow will depend on the weather.

5.He smelt a rat.

6.Dear, don’t run so fast. Mind you don’t fall!

四.跳出字面选择合乎逻辑的词义

英汉语中都存在一些光看字面无法理解的词语,或是“似是而非”的词语,在翻译过程中尤其要小心这样的“假朋友”(false friend),一旦碰到,就要跳出字面,选择真正合乎逻辑的词义。请看以下例子:

有些词语在语言中有“约定俗成”的说法,如black tea, brown sugar等,在翻译时需要尊重这样的约定俗成。在不同语言中,有些词语所引发的联想是不同的,所以英汉语中有很多动物的比喻不同,如:

胆小如鼠as timid as a rabbit

落汤鸡 a drowned rat

养虎为患to cherish a snake in one’s bosom

瓮中捉鳖like a rat in the hole

如鱼得水like a duck to water

像热锅上的蚂蚁like a hen on a hot girdle (薄煤层)

愚蠢如猪as stupid as a goose

犟得像头牛as stubborn as a donkey/a mule

小结:

翻译中的选义是一个老话题,但也是一个常新的话题。选择合适的词义对于理解原文至关重要,虽然我们可以借助于辞典等工具,找到某个不熟悉的词语的基本意义,但是因为词语随着其搭配、上下文等的不同,而会发生意义上的不同,所以有必要了解词语的引申意义、搭配意义等,甚至要跳出字面,方能选择合乎情理、合乎逻辑的正确释义。

第二节翻译中的选词

可以说,文本翻译的大多数工作都是在词汇层面上完成的(The largest quantity of translation in a text is done at the level of the word.—Peter Newmark)。翻译中的选词问题恐怕永远是最基本的问题之一,需要时刻注意。

有人认为手持一本英汉词典和一本汉英词典就可以翻译了,这是一种非常幼稚的想法。汉英翻译选词的角度是多种的,但是主要集中在词汇的语义范围(广义和狭义之分)、具体意义、抽象意义、意义的含糊与确切等词义方面,也体现在词义搭配、语义色彩、语体、语气、语言的时代性或语篇等方面。

一.根据语义范围进行选词

汉语中有很多词汇语义范围比英语中相近的词汇大,翻译时必须根据实际情况,灵活掌握。如教材中“山”、“借”、“拿”、“叫”、“笑”、“鼠”、“羊”及“实践”、“经验”等字词的翻译(p25)。

又如:车

1. 街上的车很多。

2. 我每天骑车回家。

1. There is a heavy traffic in the street.

2. I come home by bike (electromobile) every day.

再如:饭

1.中国人习惯于一天三餐饭。

2.都快中午1点了,你还没有吃饭啊!

1.The Chinese people are used to three meals a day.

2.It’s noon and nearly one o’clock. You still haven’t had your lunch!

二.从近义词中选择合适的词语

英汉语中都存在大量的同义词、近义词现象,而英语中的同义现象更加明显。但其实,表达类似概念的许多同义词并不真正“同义”,往往如著名作家Samuel Johnson所言:Words are seldom exactly synonymous,所以在选择合适的词语时颇费思量,否则译出来的英语会不像样,至少不够地道自然。英国语言学家C·L·雷恩曾说:English is among the easiest languages to speak badly, but the most difficult to use well。汉译英的过程中,最能显现译者的英语功夫。

如表示“生气、发怒”这一概念,英语中可以有不同的表达,但是侧重各有所不一:angry 表示一般生气;irate表示盛怒、怒形于色;indignant表示愤慨、义愤;wrathful表示盛怒、激怒;enraged表示狂怒、暴怒;infuriated表示因愤恨而愤怒之意;incensed则有激怒、使大怒之意。

表示“打破”意义的词语也有不少:break是最一般、最通用的词语,意思是经打击或施压而破碎;crack出现了裂缝,但还没有变成碎片;crush从外面用力往内或从上往下压而致碎;demolish破坏或铲平(如土堆、建筑物、城堡等);destroy完全摧毁,使之无法复原;shatter突然使一物体粉碎;smash由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。

又如:feast/banquet/dinner都可表示“宴会”,但意思和用法不同。

1. Premier of the State Council gave a state to the President of France.

2. We went to his wedding .

3. We gave a in honor of his arrival.

Feast 宴会。指饮食丰富、宾客成群聚集在一起饮酒吃饭,以表示庆贺;banquet宴会,盛宴。指大型的正式宴会,宾客常常在席上讲话,进餐时演奏音乐;dinner宴会。指规模比feast要小的普通宴会。

三.根据搭配选择合适的词语

英汉语中的词语,各有自己习惯的搭配关系。翻译时,必须摆脱汉语的习惯,按照英语的搭配习惯来处理汉语的某些搭配,不能把汉语的搭配用法生搬硬套到英语中。因此,在选择词语的时候,要找准其“配偶”,才能使译文不至于怪腔怪调。

如随着所形容对象和强调的内容不同,“空”这个形容词在英语中可以相应地译为empty, vacant, hollow, blank等词,但它们的搭配各有讲究。

empty:用来形容house, room, cup, box, stomach, head, words等词,表示“空的,一无所有的;空虚的,寂寥的;空闲的”;

vacant:用来形容position, room, house, seat等词,表示“没有人占用的,空缺的;茫然的,空虚的”;

hollow:可与tree, voice, sound, cheeks等词连用,表示“空洞的,虚的;不实的;下陷的,凹的;虚伪的”;

blank:表示“空白的;茫然的,无表情的,无思想的”,可形容look, mind, page, check 等。(blank check未记入金额的签名支票,自由处理权;空头支票fictitious bill, rubber check, empty promise)

汉译英时,要注意动词和宾语的搭配。如“进行”一词的翻译(p26)。也要注意定语和中心语的搭配。如“大”字的翻译(p26)。有时还要根据上下文进行灵活调整,避免死译,如“说”这个词在不同上下文中可分别译成:speak, tell, say, express, mention, persuade等,也可以进行灵活的转译。

他说英语。He speaks English.

他说谎。He’s telling a lie.

他说他很忙。He says he is busy.

我说不好。I’m unable to express.

这可说不得。It must not be mentioned.

别胡说八道! Be reasonable!

又如“好”字的翻译:

1. 好教徒

2. 好父母

3. 好儿女

4. 好妻子

5. 好丈夫

1. a faithful Christian (= 虔诚的教徒)

2. a loving parent (=慈爱的父母)

3. an obedient child (=孝顺的儿女)

4. a virtuous wife (=贤良的妻子)

5. a dutiful husband (=尽职的丈夫)

从以上的诸多例子可以看出,不同的词有着不同的搭配。同一个词也可能翻译成不同的词语。汉语中的固定搭配在英语中都相应发生了转换,我们在翻译时要防止机械对等。四.根据话语的褒贬选择合适的词语

在英汉翻译中,对词语的选择还涉及根据话语的褒贬感情色彩作出合适的选择问题。

比如,一般意义上,对有些词汇会进行一个褒贬色彩的区分:

意思褒义词贬义词

著名的famous notorious

政治家statesman politician

宣传publicity propaganda

1. 这位女影星在舞会上真是仪态万方。

The film actress appeared in all her glory at the ball.

2. 这个政客在那场辩论中真是丑态百出。

That politician acted like a buffoon (傻瓜,小丑) during that debate.

3. 张将军真是足智多谋啊!

General Zhang is really wise and resourceful.

4. 那个敌参谋长可是诡计多端的呀!

That enemy chief of staff has a whole bag of tricks.

5. 诗人应该具有丰富的想象力。

A poet should have rich imagination.

6. 真遗憾,你的想象力太丰富了。

What a pity! You’ve got into wild flights of fancy.

五.根据语篇分析选择合适的词语

语篇分析是20世纪60年代逐渐发展起来的年轻学科。在“语篇分析”这门学科尚未诞生之前,人们就存在“语篇”意识,即人们所说的“上下文”、“语境”,就其实质而言,就是一种感性的、经验性的和实用性的“语篇”意识。任何一个词语,用在一个新的上下文里就有一个新的意义。因此为了选词准确,确定该词在特定语篇里的涵义,就要密切联系上下文,熟悉词在运用中的灵活变化。对上下文的推敲是词语翻译的重要方面,是词语选择的基础。

如“问题”这个词,一般都认为它的对等词是question和problem,但是,如果一味地这样翻译,真会产生“问题”。如教材中的数例(p28)。

再如:结晶

1. 盐是一种结晶。

2. 城市是人类文明在生活空间上的结晶。

3. 许多国际知名人士认为杭州大剧院是建筑与艺术的完美结晶。

英汉笔译期末“短句翻译”复习提纲

1. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit. 译文:今天, 电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题, 这些问题与天气预报、把卫星送入轨道有关。 2. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading-room without permission 译文:本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。 3. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is the freshness of the deep springs of life. 译文:青春不是人生的一个阶段,而是一种心境。青春是生命深处的一泓清泉。 4. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media. 译文:因为距离远,又缺乏交通工具,农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态由于通信工具不足,就变得更加严重了。 5. You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time. 译文:骗人一夕一事易,欺众一生一世难。 6. Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp. 译文:应当始终注意保护这些精密仪器,不使其沾染灰尘,不让他们受潮。 7. The study found that non-smoking wives of men who smoke cigarettes face a much greater than normal danger of developing lung cancer.The more cigarettes smoked by the husband,the greater the threat faced by his non.smoking wife. 译文:这项研究表明,妻子不抽烟丈夫抽烟,妻子的肺癌的危险性比一般人大的多。丈夫抽的烟越多,妻子受到的威胁也就越大。 8. For the first time in the annals of space, a piloted ship had succeeded in launching an earth satellite. 译文:载人飞船成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星,这在航天史上尚属首次。 9. The first point about chores is that they are repetitive. They come every day or thereabouts, and once done they require after a certain time to be done again. 译文:家务事的第一个特点,是反反复复。几乎天天都有,而且做完之后,过一段时间又要重做一番。 10. With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.

汉英翻译教程1

《汉英翻译教程》-作者不详,在此致谢! 第一章 词的选择 词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解,而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。有些词看起来很简单,翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。但又是最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。例如: 还要努力读一点历史和小说。 We should also find time to read some history books and novels. 这里“努力”一词理解为“挤出时间”是对的,如译为make an effort,则会使人误解为我们文化水平低,读历史和小说很费力。 再比如“水平”一词译成英语,不一定都是level, 要根据句子的含义确定译法。 1.他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I. 这里,汉语“水平”一词虽未译出,但其以已含在句子中。若照汉语字面应译成:The level of his English is higher than that of mine.就不符合英语表达习惯。 2.要奋发图强,把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。 We must work hard to r aise to a new height the military and political quality of our army……. 这里“水平”指高度,故译作height,和动词搭配也比较顺。 3.各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership. 这里的“领导水平”,实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership. 以上的例子说明一个词的具体含义往往要结合上下文才能确定,在翻译的时候也只有结合上下文来考虑怎样处理这个词,才能译得准确。因此在辨析词义和正确选词时可注意下列几种情况。 (一)注意词的广义与狭义 英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之区别,运用范围也就各不相同。例如 1.农业是国民经济的基础。 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 原文“农业”一词是广义,指一切农业经济(农、牧、林、渔),古译作agriculture。但在“农林牧副渔结合的方针”中,农与林木副渔并立,是指耕作的农业,不是指整个农业经济,古译作farming。整个词组应译为the principle of combining farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery. 2.他从不喝酒。 He never touches wine. 原文“酒”是指一切酒类,故译作wine。但在“他不喝烈性酒”一句中,“酒”是狭义,是和淡性酒相对而言的,又需译作spirits。 (二)注意词义的强弱 3.反动派的暴行激起了人民的极大愤怒。 The atrocities of the reactionaries roused the people to great indignation. 这里的“愤怒”含义强烈,故在译文中选用了indignation,而不用anger. 4.孙中山是个好人。 Dr. Sun Y et-sen was a man of integrity. 如果译作a good man, 则与这位伟大的革命先行者的身份不相称。 (三)注意词义的褒贬

英汉翻译基础教程练习问题详解总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances.

英汉翻译期末考试题 样卷

样卷 广东外语外贸大学国际商务英语学院 《英汉笔译》2011-2012学年上学期期末考试试卷(A) 考核方式:开卷 考核对象:国际商务英语学院法律英语系2009级考试时间:120分钟姓名______________ 班级________ 学号____________________ 分数___________ PART I. LEGAL TERMS (20%, one point for each) 1.outstanding liabilities 2.without prejudice to PART II. Translation Improvement (30%) Directions: There may be one or more errors or inappropriate treatment in each of the following TRANSLATED VERSIONS. Please underline it (or them) and then correct it (or them) in the corresponding space provided on the ANSWER SHEET. If you believe the whole translation is wrong or inappropriate, you are advised to underline the whole translation. Marks will be given if you have identified and properly marked the error(s). (2 points for each save as specified otherwise) 21.His retort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar. 原译:他的反驳是带着强烈的醋意发出的。 改译: 22.The new father wore a proud smile. 原译:那位新父亲面带得意笑容。 改译: PART III. SENTENCES (30%) Directions: Translate the following sentences. Employ the translation skill suggested in the brackets where appropriate. (3 points for each save as specified otherwise) https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2f2103277.html,mission depends on the quantity of goods ordered. (Amplification) 32.We learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products for many years. (Conversion) PART IV. PASSAGE (20%) Translate the underlined part of the following passage. 1

新编汉英翻译教程-第一周

翻译理论与实践 Introduction of the course(高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲): 1)培养目标(p1) 2)课程描述(p25)笔译 3)英语专业课程设置:专业技能;必修课;高年级 4)教学要求:翻译(八级要求p10) Selection of texts: 1) 孙致礼《新编英汉翻译教程》 陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(“十五”规划教材) 2)彭长江《英汉-汉英翻译教程》(修订本) 3)自编练习与对照读物。 课程考核: 平时课堂及作业占30%,期末占70% 教学目的:旨在让学生了解什么是翻译以及翻译的性质 教学重点与难点:翻译的定义和性质 教学方法:讲述与实例相结合 参考书目:陈宏薇,《新编汉英翻译教程》;孙致礼,《新编英汉翻译教程》;彭长江,《英汉-汉英翻译教程》。 Topic 1 Definition and Nature of Translation 教学目的:旨在让学生了解什么是翻译以及翻译的性质 教学重点与难点:翻译的定义和性质 教学方法:讲述与实例相结合 参考书目:孙致礼,《新编英汉翻译教程》;陈宏薇,《新编汉英翻译教程》;彭长江,《英汉-汉英翻译教程》 教学时间:2 节 1.What is “to translate”? The Oxford English Dictionary: “to turn from one language into another” “翻译是从一种语言转换成另一种语言” Taken literally, it can be given four meanings, according to concrete

汉英翻译基础教程期末考试总结

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二.翻译下列句子 (1)这是他们夫妻之间的事情,你去插一脚干吗? That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? (2)别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全,真是个顺风耳啊! You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. (3)这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. (4)她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. (5)我不敢班门弄斧,诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of(在……面前)an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten(启发,启蒙)us on this matter. (6)敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. (7)敌军军官听说后路已被切断,吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. (8)这些问题盘根错节,三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

汉英翻译教程期末考试复习要点

1. 直译法 (1) 英译按原文的字面翻译, 其比喻意义同原文一样生动, 译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语. 如: 竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于kill the goose that lays the golden eggs) 2) 打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于wake a sleeping dog) 3)易如反掌to be as easy a s turning over one’s hand (相当于as easy as falling off a log) 4) 玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself (相当于fry in one’s own grease) 5)掌上明珠a pearl in the palm (相当于the apple of one’s eye) 6)对牛弹琴to play the lute to a cow (相当于cast pearls before swine) 7)守口如瓶to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle (相当于keep a still tongue in one’s head) 8) 雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather (相当于help a lame dog over a stile) 9) 画蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于paint the lily) (2) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语, 但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义. 如: 1) 声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west 2) 刻骨铭心to be engraved on one’s heart and bones 3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well 4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain 5)口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted 2. 意译法 如:手忙脚乱in a frantic rush 立竿见影get instant results 它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象,却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。 1) 粗枝大叶: with big branches and large leaves to be crude and careless 2) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness to get into every hole 3) 扬眉吐气to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath to feel proud and elated ) 灯红酒绿with red lights and green wine dissipated and luxurious 5) 大张旗鼓to make a great array of flags and drums on a large and spectacular scale 6) 海阔天空(to talk) at random with a vast sea and a boundless sky 7) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable the wind and rain are rocking 有一部分汉语成语带着一定的中国文化背景, 有的成语在字 面上就含中国古代的人名, 地名, 有的出自寓言或历史的典故. 对这部分成语, 字面翻译是无法为外国读者所接受的. 如加上 解释性文字, 就失去了成语精练的特点. 我们最好 的办法就是绕开其文化背景, 直接译出其真正的 内含意义. 1) 毛遂自荐to volunteer one’s service 2) 叶公好龙professed love of what one really fears 3) 南柯一梦a fond dream or illusory joy 4) 四面楚歌to be besieged on all sides 5) 锱铢必较to haggle over every penny 6) 罄竹难书(of crime) too numerous to mention 7) 初出茅庐at the beginning of one’s career

(完整word)第2章汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇).doc

“文化”( culture ) 物质文化( material culture ) 制度文化( institutional culture ) 心理文化(也称观念文化)(mental culture)咖啡( coffee)、 巧克力( chocolate )、 色拉( salad)、 三明治( sandwich )、 歇斯底里( hysteria)、 休克( shock)、 基因( gene)、 钙( calcium)、 维他命( vitamin )、 奥林匹克( Olympic )、 雷达( radar)、 先令( shilling )、 夹克( jacket)、 电视( television )、 激光( laser)、 飞机( aeroplane)、 火车( train)、 交响乐( symphony )、 基督徒( Christian )、 面包( bread)、 盲文( brail )、 圣诞老人( Santa Claus)、 圣经( Bible )、 马海毛( mahair)、 贝雷帽( beret)、 革命( revolution ) 、营养( nourish )、 解放( liberate )、 民主( democracy)、 科学( science)、 独裁( dictatorship )、 心理学( psychology )、 形而上学( metaphysics)、 图书馆( library )、 想象( imagination )、 暗示( hint )、 投资( investment) 磁卡电话( card phone)、 立交桥( overpass)、 隐形眼镜( contact lenses)、

英语专业期末翻译考试试题(1) 汉译英

2011--2012学年翻译理论与实践期末考试题 班级___姓名___学号___Ⅰ、Translate the following phases into English(2point*5=10point) 1.覆水难收 ___________________________________________________________ 2.指鹿为马 ___________________________________________________________ 3. 爱屋及乌 ___________________________________________________________ 4条条道路通罗马 ___________________________________________________________ 5有钱能使鬼推磨 ___________________________________________________________ ⅡTranslate the following sentences into English(5point*6=30point) 1.我年轻的日子已经一去不返。 ___________________________________________________________ 2.你别狗咬吕洞宾——不识好人心。 ___________________________________________________________ 3.世界上只有海水取之不尽,用之不竭。 ___________________________________________________________ 4.我们是新雇员,得注意自己的一举一动。 ___________________________________________________________ 5.人民军队离不开人民,就像鱼儿离不开水一样。 ___________________________________________________________ 6.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。 ___________________________________________________________ ⅢTranslate the following passages into English(10point*2=20point) 1)当前最重要的任务是发展国民经济,提高人民生活水平。为了实现这一目标,我们必须改革旧的经济体制,进一步解放生产水平;我们应当向世界敞开大门,学习其他国家的先进的科学和技术。只要我们坚持改革开放政策,就一定能把我国建设成强大的社会主义国家。 __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 2)秋天,无论在什么地方的秋天,总是好的;可是啊,北国的秋,却特别地来得清,来得静,来得悲凉。我的不远千里,要从杭州赶上青岛,更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由,也不过想饱尝一尝这“秋”,这故都的秋味。 __________________________________________________________

汉英翻译基础教程 第1章 练习参考答案

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances. 2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them?

第2章 汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇)

“文化”(culture) 物质文化(material culture) 制度文化(institutional culture) 心理文化(也称观念文化)(mental culture)咖啡(coffee)、 巧克力(chocolate)、 色拉(salad)、 三明治(sandwich)、 歇斯底里(hysteria)、 休克(shock)、 基因(gene)、 钙(calcium)、 维他命(vitamin)、 奥林匹克(Olympic)、 雷达(radar)、 先令(shilling)、 夹克(jacket)、 电视(television)、 激光(laser)、 飞机(aeroplane)、 火车(train)、 交响乐(symphony)、 基督徒(Christian)、 面包(bread)、 盲文(brail)、 圣诞老人(Santa Claus)、 圣经(Bible)、 马海毛(mahair)、 贝雷帽(beret)、 革命(revolution) 、营养(nourish)、 解放(liberate)、 民主(democracy)、 科学(science)、 独裁(dictatorship)、 心理学(psychology)、 形而上学(metaphysics)、 图书馆(library)、 想象(imagination)、 暗示(hint)、 投资(investment) 磁卡电话(card phone)、 立交桥(overpass)、 隐形眼镜(contact lenses)、

下拉菜单(pulldown)、 软驱(floppy drive)、 光驱(CD drive)、 鼠标(mouse)、 电脑(computer)、 内存条(RAM chip)、 复印机(xerox machine)、 安乐死(euthanasia)、 艾滋病(AIDS)、 香波(shampoo)、 连锁店(chain store)、 热狗(hot dog)、 自助餐(buffet)、 牛仔服(cowboy suit)、 T恤衫(T-shirt) 意合(parataxis) 隐性(covertness) 显性(overtness) 形合(hypotaxis) 伦理(ethics) 认知(cognition) 顺其自然(Let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency)、 听其自然(leave the matter as it is; take the world as it is)、 听天安命(accept the situation)、 听天由命(be at the mercy of nature; be left to God's mercy; let fate have its way; submit the will of Heaven; wait for one's fate)。 individualism( 不管别人怎样做)只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为;我行我素 个体主义”。 整体(integrity) 综合性(synthetic) 个体(individuality)、 分析性(analytic) 直觉(intuition) 实证(evidence) 天人合一”(The Unity of Man and Heaven

《英汉翻译基础教程》 笔记及习题(篇章翻译)【圣才出品】

第7单元篇章翻译 7.1 复习笔记 语篇通常指一系列连续的语段或句子构成的语言整体。语篇包括“话语”(discourse)和“篇章”(text)。语篇特征为:连贯、衔接,且具有明确的论题结构。 一、衔接 根据Halliday和Hasan的著作《英语中的衔接》,衔接手段大致可分为两种:语法衔接手段(grammatical cohesion)和词汇衔接手段(lexical cohesion)。前者又可以包括指称(reference)、省略(ellipsis)、替代(substitution)和连词(conjunction)。 1. 指代 指代主要分为三类:人称指代、指示指代和比较指代。 英语中,为了实现衔接,一般尽量采用代词指代前面出现的名词。汉语倾向于重复前文出现的名词,或者采用“零式指称”,省略主语。例: My friend looked somewhat ill at ease when he told me this: At the time when he bought this big house, his children had all been at school. Now they had their own homes and jobs. 【译文】朋友有点不好意思地说,买这座房子时,孩子们还在上学,如今都成家立业了。 2. 省略

省略可以分为名词省略、动词省略和小句省略。例: I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 【译文】我有很多美妙的想法,但是只把少数付诸实践了。 3. 替代 “替代”指用较简短的语言形式替代上文中的某些词语,使行文简练流畅。 (1)名词替代比较常见的是使用one代替前文出现的某个名词。例: Carrie picked out the new abode because of its newness and bright wood—work. It was one of the very new ones supplied with steam heat, which was a great advantage.(Sister Carrie, Dreiser, T) 【译文】嘉莉选中这套新居所,是因为它是新建的,而且房间的木质部分色泽鲜亮,屋里有暖气,这是当时最新的房子才有的。 【分析】原文中,ones替代了abode;译文中,“房子”与其前面的“居所”构成同义词。 (2)动词替代经常是用助动词do的几种形式来代替前文出现的某个动词或动作意义。例: And yet this John Openshaw seems to me to be walking amid even greater perils than did the Sholtos. 【译文】可是在我看来,这个约翰·奥彭肖似乎是正在面临着比舒尔托更大的危险。 【分析】原文中,did替代了walked amid peril;译文中,该处同样进行了省略处理。 (3)小句替代使用指示代词指代前文出现的某一小句或者某一概念。例: “Well, I’ve got twenty-two dollars, but there’s everything to be paid for this

【精选资料】大学英语翻译期末考试复习

期末复习 现给大家厘清一下复习思路: 考试卷面分:60 分 考试题型:五种 I 选择更好的译文(10×1’) (备课组长说有可能是两选一,也可能是三选一) 例如讲义上的第1页 It may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, before Caesar set foot in Southern Britain, the whole country-side visible from the windows of room, in which I write, was in what is called “the state of nature.” A.我们可以有把握地设想,二千年前,在凯撒到达不列颠南 部之前,从我正在写作的这间屋子的窗口,可以看到整个原野都是处于所谓“自然状态”之中。 B.赫胥黎独处一室之中,在英伦之南,背山而面野,槛外诸 境,历历如在几下。乃悬想二千年前,当罗马大将恺彻未到时,此间有何景物。 II翻译评析(15分) 翻译评析评分标准:从翻译的标准(5分)、翻译的方法和策略(5分),以及翻译的技巧(5分)三方面谈。 请复习讲义pp2-4、pp14-29 翻译的标准有传统的:信达(忠实和通顺),有现代奈达的:

从形式对等—到动态对等—最后到功能对等 翻译的基本方法:直译与意译 翻译的基本策略(这是组长这样分的,其实都是翻译的方法):归化与异化 翻译的技巧:词的技巧—词义的确立、词类转换译法、增加、省略、延伸、正反反正译法 句子的技巧—三大从句的译法 III 长句的翻译(3×5’) 两个英语句子,一个汉语句子。 例如1: Ther e is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride. 最令女主人失望的是,她花了许多心思或费用来招待客人,可是这位客人只顾津津有味地与她的丈夫谈政治、谈生意,却没注意到香喷喷的咖啡,松软的糕点,或房间内讲究的陈设,而这些却可能是她感到兴趣并引以自豪的主要所在。 例如2:

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water

play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now

相关主题