考研英语(一)英汉翻译高分特训(人物传记类)【圣才出品】

◆人物传记类

Practice 95

（1）I had scarcely passed my twelfth birthday when I entered the inhospitable regions of examinations, through which for the next seven years I was destined to journey. These examinations were a great trial to me. The subjects which were dearest to the examiners were almost invariably those I fancied least. I would have liked to have been examined in history, poetry and writing essays. The examiners, on the other hand, were partial to Latin and mathematics. And their will prevailed. Moreover, the questions which they asked on both these subjects were almost invariably those to which I was unable to suggest a satisfactory answer. I should have liked to be asked to say what I knew. They always tried to ask what I did not know. When I would have willingly displayed my knowledge, they sought to expose my ignorance. This sort of treatment had only one result: I did not do well in examinations.

This was especially true of my Entrance Examination to Harrow. （2）The Headmaster, Dr Weldon, however, took a broadminded（宽宏大量的）view of my Latin prose: he showed discernment in judging my general ability. This was the more remarkable, because I was found unable to answer a single question in the Latin paper. I wrote my name at the top of the page. I wrote down the number of the qu estion “I”. After much reflection I put a bracket round it thus “（I）”. But

thereafter I could not think of anything connected with it that was either relevant or true. Incidentally there arrived from nowhere in particular a blot and several smudges （污迹）. I gazed for two whole hours at this sad spectacle and then merciful ushers collected my piece of foolscap with all the others and carried it up to the Headmaster’s table. （3）It was from these slender indications of scholarship that Dr. Weldon drew the conclusion that I was worthy to pass into Harrow. It is very much to his credit. It showed that he was a man capable of looking beneath the surface of things: a man not dependent upon paper manifestations. I have always had the greatest regard for him.

In consequence of his decision, I was in due course placed in the third, or lowest, division of the Fourth, or bottom, Form. （4）The names of the new boys were printed in the School List in alphabetical order; and as my correct name, Spencer-Churchill, began with an “S”, I gained no more advantage from the alphabet than from the wider sphere of letters. I was in fact only two from the bottom of the whole school; and these two; I regret to say, disappeared almost immediately through illness or some other cause.

The Harrow custom of calling the roll is different from that of Eton. At Eton the boys stand in a cluster and lift their hats when their names are called. At Harrow they file（排成纵列行进）past a Master in the school yard and answer one by one. My position was therefore revealed in its somewhat invidious humility. （5）It was the year 1887, Lord Randolph Churchill had only just resigned his position as Leader of the House of Commons and Chancellor of the Exchequer（财政大臣）,and he still

towered in the forefront of politics. In sequence, large numbers of visitors of both sexes used to wait on the school steps, in order to see me march by; and I frequently heard the irreverent（无礼的）comment, “Why, he’s last of all!”

【解析及译文】

（1）【解析】本句中包含了“scarcely...when”的结构，表示“才…就”。介词+which引导非限定性定语从句修饰“regions”。inhospitable“荒凉的；冷淡的”。“be

destined to do”表示“注定的，一定会”，且由该短语可看出作者的不情愿，因

此可增译“但，可是”等词。

【译文】我跨进那冷淡无情的考区时才刚满12周岁，可我注定要在这儿度过此后的七年岁月。

（2）【解析】冒号把句子分成了两部分，分别是两个单句，however是对上文的承接。从broadminded可以看出作者对威尔敦博士的感激且含有庆幸之意，因此增译“好

在”。“took a view of”表示“观察，见解”。discernment“洞察（力），敏锐”

【译文】然而，好在校长威尔敦博士对我的拉丁散文考试见解通达开明：在判断我的综合运用能力上，他显示出非凡的眼力。

（3）【解析】本句是一个“it…that”结构的强调句，强调部分是句子的状语。“draw the conclusion”表示“得出结论”。be worthy表示“值得，配得上”，此处译为“具

有…的资格”更符合该处语境。Harrow 哈罗公学。

【译文】兴许威尔敦博士正是从这一星半点学识的迹象得出结论，认为我具备了进入哈罗公学的资格。

（4）【解析】本句是由and连接的并列句，第一句是被动语态，翻译时改为主动。“as”

表示“作为，当作”。短语“begin with”指“以…开头”。no more...than 意为

“A与B都不…,不…也不”。alphabetical order“字母顺序”

【译文】新生的姓名按字母顺序印在学生名册上，我的正式姓名斯宾塞·丘吉尔是以字母“S”开头的，因此，无论按名字的字母顺序排序，还是按更大范围的姓氏字

母排列，我都处于不利位置。

（5）【解析】本句是由and连接的并列句。“as”表示“作为…”的意思。Leader of the House“下院议长”。tower原义为“高耸，超越”，此处描述的是他的职位身份，

因此引申为“仍处在高层”。forefront“最前列，最重要的位置”

【译文】当时是1887年，兰罗多夫·丘吉尔勋爵虽然刚刚辞去下院议长和财政大臣的职务，但仍属于政界最高层的人物。

Practice 96

（1）The name Genghis Khan （成吉思汗）probably makes many people think of conquering warriors on horseback leaving burning cities and piles of dead bodies behind them. While there is no doubt that Genghis Khan was the leader of a highly efficient killing machine, there was much more to him than military skill. He was also a talented politician with excellent diplomatic abilities.

In the 1160s, the tribes of the Central Asian Steppes were almost constantly at war with one another. In the middle of the chaos, one of the tribal leaders had a son named Temujin. When the boy was nine years old, his father was poisoned by enemies. The tribe then abandoned the family, leaving them to survive by eating rats and insects.

Despite his difficult childhood, Temujin grew up strong enough to claim his

hereditary position as tribal leader. He became adept at forming alliances, as well as fighting battles. By 1206, all the Mongol tribes were ready to recognize him as supreme leader. They gave him the title Genghis Khan, which means “emperor of all emperors.”

Having united the tribes of Central Asia, Genghis Khan turned his attention elsewhere. His ambition was world conquest, and he advanced at an astonishing rate. He invaded northern China and captured Peking, but was unable to subdue the whole country. Instead, he turned westwards. By the time of his death in 1227, he had created an empire that stretched from the Pacific coast to the Caspian Sea.

（2）The Mongols（蒙古人）were superb horsemen who won their victories with a technique of pretending to retreat, then launching a surprise attack. Their discipline and organization made them extremely effective fighters. They were expert archers and could maintain total control of their horses while keeping both hands free for fighting.

Genghis Khan’s armies were divided into tightly organized units which were directed by an efficient signaling system using black flags. （3）Their favorite tactic in open battle involved provoking an attack, and scattering as the enemy came forward. The Mongols would harass the enemy from the sides until the latter were exhausted, then close in for the kill.

（4）After capturing a city, Mongol armies would test the sincerity of the inhabitants’surrender. They would pretend to go away, leaving behind a small number of representatives. If these were killed, the Mongols would return to

murder the entire population. They seldom took prisoners.

（5）Despite his ruthless methods, Genghis Khan was not an impulsive killer.

He avoided battle if diplomacy would work, and he was skilled at using spies to help achieve his aims. He also maintained the tradition of choosing leaders in a mass meeting, and people under his rule were able to advance by ability rather than noble birth.

For the citizens of modern-day Mongolia, Genghis Khan is a folk hero and a symbol of their emerging democracy. A main street in the capital of Ulan Bator has been named after him, and his image is on a banknote. He even has a brand of vodka named after him, not an unusual memorial for one of history’s greatest conquerors. Perhaps Genghis Khan would appreciate this more than his traditional reputation as a ruthless killer.

【解析及译文】

（1）【解析】leaving…behind them做结果状语，可单独译出。conquering warriors出征的战士。piles of sth.成堆的。

【译文】成吉思汗之名可能会使许多人想起征伐骁勇策马远离，在他身后只留下焚毁的城市与遍野堆积的尸骸。

（2）【解析】“who won their victories with a technique of...”作horsemen的定语从句。launch a surprise attack出奇制胜。

【译文】蒙古人骑术精湛，往往欲擒故纵，然后再出奇制胜。

（3）【解析】open battle在这里指在广阔的草原上发生的战争。harass骚扰，侵扰。

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1、1994年 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. " (73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74)Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses . Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 精美译文 新学派的科学家认为，技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。（71）他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。（72）新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。 （73）工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。 鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心。（74）伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，

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46.scinentists jumped to the resure withsomedistimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eatusup of birds failed to control them 46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。 47.but we have at least drawn near the pointofadmitting that birds should continue as a matter ofintrinsicright,regardless of the presence or absence of economicadvantageto us 47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。 48.time was when biologists somewhat overwordedthe evidence that these creatures preserve the health of gamebykilling the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthlessspecies 48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。 49.in europe,whereforestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercialtreespecies are recognized ad mrs of native forest community ,tobepreserved as such ,within reason 49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。 50.It tends to ignore,andthus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the landcommunitythat lack commercial value, but that are essential to itshealthyning. 50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。 2009年 46.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive 可以说,任何社会机构价值的衡量在扩大和改进的效果，但这种效果并不是它的原始动机。 47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。 只能是机构的附带结果被逐渐的提及；也仍然只能是在机构行动中作为指导性因素的结果才能逐渐的被提及。 48. while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. 在我们接触他们（指代不清）的时候，很容易忽略我们处于他们位置的行为结果，然而在我们处理与成年人的关系时，却不是那么容易忽略这一点。 49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 既然我们对他们（代词指代不清）的主要任务是使他们能够与我们共同生活，所以我们就不得不考虑我们是否正在形成一种能确保这种能力的势力。 50. We are thus led to distinguish. within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering. a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling. 因此在我们目前为止一直认真思考的漫长的的教育进程中，我们被引导去识别更加正式的教育，即直接支付学费或者奖学金 2008年 46 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations, 他相信，或许这种困难也有其好处，正是这种困难促使他能够长时间专注地思考每一个句子；从而能够在推理和自己的观察中发现错误。 47 He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 达尔文还声称，对于冗长且完全抽象的思想，他的理解能力十分有限。因为这个原因，他确信自己在数学方面根本不会