搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 外文文献翻译封面格式及要求(模版)

外文文献翻译封面格式及要求(模版)

外文文献翻译封面格式及要求(模版)
外文文献翻译封面格式及要求(模版)

毕业论文外文文献翻译

年级专业:

2009

级XXXXXXXXXXX 姓 名:学 号:附 件:

备注:(注意:备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印,看懂了即可)

1.从所引用的与毕业设计(论文)内容相近的外文文献中选择一篇或一部分进行翻译(不少于3000实词);

2.外文文献翻译的装订分两部分,第一部分为外文文献;第二部分为该外文文献的中文翻译,两部分之间用分页符隔开。也就是说,第一外文文献部分结束后,使用分页符,另起一页开始翻译。

3.格式方面,外文文献的格式,除了字体统一使用Times new roman 之外,其他所有都跟中文论文的格式一样。中文翻译的格式,跟中文论文的格式一样。

(注意:备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印,看懂了即可,定稿后,请删除本页.)

范文如下:注意,下面内容每一部份均已用分页符分开了,如果用本模板,请将每一模块单独删除,直接套用到每一模板里面,不要将全部内容一次性删除.

【Abstract】This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on

the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.,Times New Roman.

【Key Words】Brand positioning; Marketing mix; Positioning Strategy; enlightenment, lessons;ABC

(本页为英文文献摘要,关键词两项一起单独一页,字体为:Times New Roman,小四号,1.5倍行距)

(注:以下为英文文献正文内容,英文全文3000字.具体标题以原文为准.全文字体为Times New Roman.行间距为1.5倍.字号大小与论文正文的各级标题一致.如下:)

I.Times New Roman ,Times New Roman,Times New Roman

Times New Roman, Times New Roman, Times New Roman, Times New Roman,

This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.

This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition

brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.

II.Times New Roman ,Times New Roman,Times New Roman

Times New Roman, Times New Roman, Times New Roman, Times New Roman,

This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.

This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition

brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.

III.Times New Roman ,Times New Roman,Times New Roman

Times New Roman, Times New Roman, Times New Roman, Times New Roman,

This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.

This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition

brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.

This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.

This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.

【摘要】本文是对凉茶饮料的宏观环境以及凉茶市场内部主要品牌的竞争对手进行了系统分析。以品牌定位的分析框架为前提对加多宝王老吉进行具体分析,深入研究了王老吉和加多宝的品牌定位策略以及在品牌定位策略下相应的营销组合。实现王老吉凉茶在消费者大脑中的品牌定位。在这个品牌定位下,加多宝和王老吉又合理地组织和安排了其产品策略、价格策略、分销策略和促销策略,使营销组合不仅服务于其“预防上火”的定位,而且更加巩固了这个定位,提升了品牌的价值。阐述加多宝王老吉的市场之争给我们带来的启示,加多宝成功经验的借鉴以及王老吉失败的教训。(将上面英文摘要翻译出来)

【关键词】稳步;财务核算;系统工程(将上面英文关键词翻译出来)

摘要与关键词:本页内容单独一页,用小四号宋体字,1.5倍行距

(注:以下为英文文献翻译正文内容,全文3000字.具体标题以原文为准.全文字体为和论文的格式一样.行间距为1.5倍.字号大小与论文正文的各级标题一致.如下:)

一、管理型会计软件的概念

(一)管理型会计软件的定义和特征

1.管理型会计软件的定义

本文是对凉茶饮料的宏观环境以及凉茶市场内部主要品牌的竞争对手进行了系统分析。以品牌定位的分析框架为前提对加多宝王老吉进行具体分析,深入研究了王老吉和加多销策略和促销策略,使营销组合不仅服务于其“预防上火”的定位,而且更加巩固了这个定位,提升了品牌的价值。阐述加多宝王老吉的市场之争给我们带来的启示,加多宝成功经验的借鉴以及王老吉失败的教训

2.管理型会计软件的特征

本文是对凉茶饮料的宏观环境以及凉茶市场内部主要品牌的竞争对手进行了

系统分析。以品牌定位的分析框架为前提对加多宝王老吉进行具体分析,深入研究了王老吉和促销策略,使营销组合不仅服务于其“预防上火”的定位,而且更加巩固了这个定位,提升了品牌的价值。阐述加多宝王老吉的市场之争给我们带来的启示,加多宝成功经验的借鉴以及王老吉失败的教训

(二)会计软件由核算型向管理型发展的必要性

1.会计软件是会计电算化整个体系结构中的核心

以最新科技成果为支撑的“管理型”会计软件阶段:众所周知,会计软件是会计电算化整个体系结构中的核心,其功能的完善与否将直接决定企业财务信息的质量。

2.引入各种先进的管理经营理念,实现管理型的跨越

随着我国经济建设的高速发展,企业的财务活动发生了深刻变化,会计电算化事业得到长足发展,会计软件亦日臻完善。但是,我们这里所说的完善,只是针对目前我国会计数据的核算结果,才能对其进一步处理,产生企业所需的管理信息;管理型会计软件应具备预测、管理的功能,不仅需要它有完整、全面的事后核算,更需要会计软件能够对经济活动进行事前的分析、预测以及事中的调整与控制,为了让用户高效、方便地会计数据的核算结果,才能对其进一步处理,产生企业所需的管理信活动进行事前的分析、预测以及事中的调整与控制,为了让用户高效、方便地的增加,这些因素都不是核算型会计软件所能解决的,这必然要促使会计软件向更高层次发展,实现由核算型向管理型的跨越。

二、核算型软件向管理型会计软件发展应注意的问题

核算型财务软件是我国电算化会计软件发展的初级阶段。在20世纪70、80年代,会计数了。

要想成为卓越的科技型企业,必须培育富有特色的创新文化。采用以支持和协调为会理的功能,不仅需要它有完整、全面的事后核算,更需要会计软件能够对经济活动进行事前的分析、预测以及事中的调整与控制,为了让用户高效、方便地进,做好内部工作。这对于企业内部结构来说,这是一项重要的工程。

(一)建立自主的管理型会计软件

虽然我们说借鉴国外管理软件是一种管理型会计软件设计的捷径,但并不是说我们会计数以及事中的调整与控制,为了让用户高效、方便地对优势,打出自己的旗号,有口皆碑的企业是很容易打出自己的市场,这是有目共睹的。

(二)充分考虑企业发展的新形式

随着计算机应用的普及,特别是网络技术的快速发展,企业在进行经济活动过程中会计数据的核算结果,才能对其进一步处理,产生企业所需的管理信息;管理型会计技术为中心的崭新会计,而不是一个修修补补的会计。我们应该抓住对会计电算化的讨论来促进传统会计的革新。

(三)不应过份追求管理型软件的通用化

会计软件在我国的会计电算化事业的发展中为会计电算化的普及与推广发挥了不会计数据的核算结果,才能对其进一步处理,产生企业所需的管理信息;管理型会而对于管理来说,我国的企业长期在计划经济体制下运行,管理起步较晚,在管理理念上、方式上和水平上都存在很大的差异,对于管理的认识和管理的要求很难达到一致,这也是限制管理型会计软件通用化的一个主要因素。

虽然上述这些因素限制管理型会计软件的通用性,但是并不是说我们就完全放弃通构,大型数据库系统等必将成为未来大中型企业应用的主流。

综上所述,在企业快速发展的今天,核算型会计软件已不能满足企业管理的要求,会计软件应在核算的基础上进一步进行分析和预测,为企业提供更加全面、综合的信息,会计软件由核算型向管理型发展成为会计软件必然的发展趋势

三、加快管理型会计软件的发展的几点建议

从我国1979年开始把计算机技术运用到会计领域至今,许多企业已初步实现了会业所需的管理信息;管理型会计软件应具备预测、管理的功能,不仅需要它有完

整、全面的事后核算,更需要会计软件能够对经济活动进行事前的分析、预测以及事中的调整与控制,为了让用户高效、方便地的问题。例如,在成本模块中增加标准成本信息,及时与实际成

(一)开发管理型财务软件应的原则

1.借鉴国外及其他企业管理软件的先进思想

借鉴国外及其他企业管理软件的先进思想,开发出适合中国国情的管理型财务软会计数据的核算结果,才能对其进一步处理,产生企业所需的管理信息;管理型会计软件应具备预测、管理的功能,不仅需要它有完整、全面的事后核算,更需要会计软件能够对经济活动进行事前的分析、预测以及事中的调整与控制,为了让用户高效、方便地一种先进的管理思想。如果,在开发我国管理型财务软件予以借鉴,不仅可以减少开发过程中的弯路,而且有助于我国管理型财务软件的国际化。

2.预测财务软件发展趋势

预测财务软件发展趋势,开发出有升级潜力的管理型财务软件。管理型财务软件的会计数据的核算结果,才能对其进一步处理,产生企业所需的管理信息;管理型。

3.以完善的财务核算软件为基础,开发管理型财务软件

中国企业的财务软件必将经历由核算型到管理型,最终向决策型发展的趋势,而无论是管理型财务软件,还是决策型财务软件,都是以核算型财务软件为基础,使用核算型财务软件提供的数据,运用管理和决策的一系列方法进行深加工处理,得到企业管理、决策的信息。因此,必须保证企业核算型财务软件的准确、安全、可靠,实时控制。

(二)为适应计算机的发展,财务软件的发展也要具备如下几点

1.视窗化及网络化

我国会计软件的操作系统已由过去的DOS发展到今天的Windows。Windows环境下会计数据的核算结果,才能对其进一步处理,产生企业所需的管理信息;管理会计软件的需求,这就使得在今后的应用软件市场中,管理型财务软件将占据较大的份额。

2.政府进行有效的宏观调控

要充分利用政府职能部门的调控手段,一方面改变无政府主义的产业状况,尽快建立完善的会计软件市场;另一方面要投入力量,进行帮助扶持,并组织力量,

外文文献及其翻译电子政务信息

外文文献及其翻译电子政务信息 1.政府信息化的含义? 政府信息化是指:政府有效利用现代信息和通信技术,通过不同的信息服务设施,对政府的业务流程、组织结构、人员素质等诸方面进行优化、改造的过程。 2.广义和狭义的电子政务的定义? 广义的电子政务是指:运用信息技术和通信技术实现党委、人大、政协、政府、司法机关、军队系统和企事业单位的行政管理活动。(电子党务、电子人大、电子政协) 狭义的电子政务是指:政府在其管理和服务职能中运用现代信息和通信技术,实现政府组织结构和工作流程的重组优化,超越时间、空间和部门分隔的制约,全方位的向社会提供优质规范、透明的服务,是政府管理手段的变革。 3.电子政务的组成部分? ①:政府部门内部办公职能的电子化和网络化; ②:政府职能部门之间通过计算机网络实现有权限的实时互通的信息共享; ③:政府部门通过网络与公众和企业间开展双向的信息交流与策; 4.理解电子政务的发展动力? ①:信息技术的快速发展; ②:政府自身改革与发展的需要; ③:信息化、民主化的社会需求的推动; 5.电子政务的应用模式?

模式有:1.政府对公务员的电子政务(G2E); 2.政府间的电子政务(G2G); 3.政府对企业的电子政务(G2B); 4.政府对公众的电子政务(G2C); 6.电子政务的功能? ①:提高工作效率,降低办公成本; ②:加快部门整合,堵塞监管漏洞; ③:提高服务水平,便于公众的监督; ④:带动社会信息化发展; 7.我国电子政务发展存在的主要问题? ①:政府公务员与社会公众对电子政务的认识不足; ②:电子政务发展缺乏整体规划和统一性标准; ③:电子政务管理体制改革远未到位; ④:电子政务整体应用水平还较低; ⑤:政府公务员的素质有待提高; ⑥:电子政务立法滞后; ⑦:对电子政务安全问题缺乏正确认识; 8.政府创新的含义和内容? 含义:是指各级政府为适应公共管理与行政环境的需要,与时俱进的转变观念与职能,探索新的行政方法与途径,形成新的组织结

外文文献翻译——参考格式

广东工业大学华立学院 本科毕业设计(论文) 外文参考文献译文及原文 系部经济学部 专业经济学 年级 2007级 班级名称 07经济学6班 学号 16020706001 学生姓名张瑜琴 指导教师陈锶 2011 年05月

目录 1挑战:小额贷款中的进入和商业银行的长期承诺 (1) 2什么商业银行带给小额贷款和什么把他们留在外 (2) 3 商业银行的四个模型进入小额贷款之内 (4) 3.1内在的单位 (4) 3.2财务子公司 (5) 3.3策略的同盟 (5) 3.4服务公司模型 (6) 4 合法的形式和操作的结构比较 (8) 5 服务的个案研究公司模型:厄瓜多尔和Haiti5 (9)

1 挑战:小额贷款中的进入和商业银行的长期承诺 商业银行已经是逐渐重要的运动员在拉丁美洲中的小额贷款服务的发展2到小额贷款市场是小额贷款的好消息客户因为银行能提供他们一完整类型的财务的服务,包括信用,储蓄和以费用为基础的服务。整体而言,它也对小额贷款重要,因为与他们广泛的身体、财务的和人类。如果商业银行变成重的运动员在小额贷款,他们能提供非常强烈的竞争到传统的小额贷款机构。资源,银行能廉宜地发射而且扩张小额贷款服务rela tively。如果商业广告银行在小额贷款中成为严重的运动员,他们能提出非常强烈的竞争给传统的小额贷款机构。然而,小额贷款社区里面有知觉哪一商业银行进入进入小额贷款将会是短命或浅的。举例来说,有知觉哪一商业银行首先可能不搬进小额贷款因为时候建立小额贷款操作到一个有利润的水平超过银行的标准投资时间地平线。或,在进入小额贷款,银行之后可能移动在-上面藉由增加贷款数量销售取利润最大值-或者更坏的事,退出如果他们是不满意与小额贷款的收益性的水平。这些知觉已经被特性加燃料商业银行的情形进入小额贷款和后来的出口之内。在最极端的,一些开业者已经甚至宣布,”降低尺度死!”而且抛弃了与主意合作的商业银行。 在最 signific 看得到的地方,蚂蚁利益商业银行可能带给小额贷款,国际的ACCION 发展发射而且扩张的和一些商业银行的关系小额贷款操作。在这些情形的大部分方面, ACCION 和它的合伙人正在使用方法,已知的当做服务公司模型,表演早答应当做一个能工作的方法克服真正的。 商业银行的障碍进入和穿越建立长命的小额贷款操作一个商业银行 这论文描述如何服务公司模型、住址商业银行中的主要议题进入进小额贷款,监定成功建立的因素动作井小额贷款服务公司,和礼物结果和小额贷款的课servic e 公司用最长的经验,在海地和审判官席 del 的 SOGEBANK│ SOGESOL 初期结果指出那这服务公司模型表现一重要的突破在促成商业银行进入和留在小额贷款。在厄瓜多尔的 Pichincha│ CREDIFE。初期结果指出服务公司模型在促成商业广告中表现一次重要的突破银行进入而且留在小额贷款。

3000字英文参考文献及其翻译范例

3000字英文参考文献及其翻译 【注意:选用的英文一定要与自己的论文题目相关。 如果文章太长,可以节选(用省略号省略一些段略)。如果字数不够,可以选2至3篇,但要逐一注明详细出处。英文集中在一起放前面,对应的中文翻译放后面。中文翻译也要将出处翻译,除非是网页。 对文献的翻译一定要认真!对英文文献及其翻译的排版也要和论文正文一样! 特别注意:英文文献应该放在你的参考文献中。】 TOY RECALLS——IS CHINA THE PROBLEM Hari. Bapuji Paul W. Beamish China exports about 20 billion toys per year and they are the second most commonly imported item by U.S. and Canada. It is estimated that about 10,000 factories in China manufacture toys for export. Considering this mutual dependence, it is important that the problems resulting in recalls are addressed carefully. Although the largest portion of recalls by Mattel involved design flaws, the CEO of Mattel blamed the Chinese manufacturers by saying that the problem resulted ‘in this case (because) one of our manufacturers did not follow the rules’. Several analysts too blamed the Chinese manufacturers. By placing blame where it did not belong, there is a danger of losing the opportunity to learn from the errors that have occurred. The first step to learn from errors is to know why and where the error occurred. Further, the most critical step in preventing the recurrence of errors is to find out what and who can prevent it. ……

英文文献及中文翻译撰写格式

关于毕业设计说明书(论文)英文文献及中文翻译撰写格式 为提高我校毕业生毕业设计说明书(毕业论文)的撰写质量,做到毕业设计说明书(毕业论文)在内容和格式上的统一和规范,特规定如下: 一、装订顺序 论文(设计说明书)英文文献及中文翻译内容一般应由3个部分组成,严格按以下顺序装订。 1、封面 2、中文翻译 3、英文文献(原文) 二、书写格式要求 1、毕业设计(论文)英文文献及中文翻译分毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译和毕业论文英文文献及中文翻译两种,所有出现相关字样之处请根据具体情况选择“毕业设计说明书” 或“毕业论文”字样。 2、毕业设计说明书(毕业论文)英文文献及中文翻译中的中文翻译用Word 软件编辑,英文文献用原文,一律打印在A4幅面白纸上,单面打印。 3、毕业设计说明书(毕业论文)英文文献及中文翻译的上边距:30mm;下边距:25mm;左边距:3Omm;右边距:2Omm;行间距1.5倍行距。 4、中文翻译页眉的文字为“中北大学2019届毕业设计说明书” 或“中北大学××××届毕业论文”,用小四号黑体字,页眉线的上边距为25mm;页脚的下边距为18mm。 5、中文翻译正文用小四号宋体,每章的大标题用小三号黑体,加粗,留出上下间距为:段前0.5行,段后0.5行;二级标题用小四号黑体,加粗;其余小标题用小四号黑体,不加粗。 6、文中的图、表、附注、公式一律采用阿拉伯数字分章编号。如图1.2,表2.3,附注3.2或式4.3。 7、图表应认真设计和绘制,不得徒手勾画。表格与插图中的文字一律用5号宋体。

每一插图和表格应有明确简短的图表名,图名置于图之下,表名置于表之上,图表号与图表名之间空一格。插图和表格应安排在正文中第一次提及该图表的文字的下方。当插图或表格不能安排在该页时,应安排在该页的下一页。 图表居中放置,表尽量采用三线表。每个表应尽量放在一页内,如有困难,要加“续表X.X”字样,并有标题栏。 图、表中若有附注时,附注各项的序号一律用阿拉伯数字加圆括号顺序排,如:注①。附注写在图、表的下方。 文中公式的编号用圆括号括起写在右边行末顶格,其间不加虚线。 8、文中所用的物理量和单位及符号一律采用国家标准,可参见国家标准《量和单位》(GB3100~3102-93)。 9、文中章节编号可参照《中华人民共和国国家标准文献著录总则》。

2021年毕业设计论文外文文献翻译要求及封面

杭州电子科技大学 毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译 毕业设计(论文)题目 液压制动器基本 翻译(1)题目 有用产品 翻译(2)题目 学院机械学院 专业车辆工程 姓名 班级 学号 指引教师

液压制动基本 空气制动系统得到更多关注,但更多车辆上安装液压制动器。理解它们 是如何工作,是安全,具成本效益诊断和修复第一步。 有无想过为什么不能只是其中一种制动?这是由于空气和液压制动器,使一种或某些应用程序其她抱负经营特色。重型组合车辆,空气是明确选取,由于将需要大量液体阿卡迪亚所有分泵。此外,布满液压油与制动分泵和软管将是混乱。但对于轻型和中型卡车直应用,液压制动器提供优势涉及: ?制动感觉- 那就是,踏板越往下压,努力增长;高线压力,容许使用更轻,更紧凑制动组件; ?更少初始费用,由于用更小和更少元件; ?卫生,液压制动器是封闭系统; ?易于定位泄漏,由于液体是可见。液压制动系统有更多排列,比在空气系统中发现,但都基本相似。 液压系统 所有液压制动系统包括流体水库,主缸,液压,液压管路,对制动器进行加压流体软管和一种或各种轮缸(S)对每个车轮产生。分泵扩大流体压力下,迫使制动蹄对鼓内侧。如果使用盘式制动器,卡钳与不可分割气瓶打击转子时施加压力。由于车辆必要可以更迅速,它可以加速到停止,需要大量刹车力。因而,必要减速刹车产生马力发动机作用多次。为了发展须持有对鼓或盘制动器衬片力量,实现受控减速,这是要乘原始力量施加在刹车踏板。 当使用液压系统,机械杠杆是在脚踏板联动。然而,不同分泵或卡尺直径直径,关系到主缸内径,提供了一种额外增长比率。液压系统中,各分泵交付压力,直接影响由活塞地区。例如,如果一种轮缸活塞面积2平方英寸,另一种活塞面积1平方英寸,系统压力为400磅,2平方英寸活塞将针对制动器推一种迫使800

外文文献翻译封面格式及要求(模版)

毕业论文外文文献翻译 院 年级专业: 2009 级XXXXXXXXXXX 姓 名:学 号:附 件: 备注:(注意:备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印,看懂了即可)

1.从所引用的与毕业设计(论文)内容相近的外文文献中选择一篇或一部分进行翻译(不少于3000实词); 2.外文文献翻译的装订分两部分,第一部分为外文文献;第二部分为该外文文献的中文翻译,两部分之间用分页符隔开。也就是说,第一外文文献部分结束后,使用分页符,另起一页开始翻译。 3.格式方面,外文文献的格式,除了字体统一使用Times new roman 之外,其他所有都跟中文论文的格式一样。中文翻译的格式,跟中文论文的格式一样。 (注意:备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印,看懂了即可,定稿后,请删除本页.) 范文如下:注意,下面内容每一部份均已用分页符分开了,如果用本模板,请将每一模块单独删除,直接套用到每一模板里面,不要将全部内容一次性删除. 【Abstract】This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on

the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.,Times New Roman. 【Key Words】Brand positioning; Marketing mix; Positioning Strategy; enlightenment, lessons;ABC (本页为英文文献摘要,关键词两项一起单独一页,字体为:Times New Roman,小四号,1.5倍行距)

建筑外文文献及翻译

外文原文 Study on Human Resource Allocation in Multi-Project Based on the Priority and the Cost of Projects Lin Jingjing , Zhou Guohua SchoolofEconomics and management, Southwest Jiao tong University ,610031 ,China Abstract----This paper put forward the a ffecting factors of project’s priority. which is introduced into a multi-objective optimization model for human resource allocation in multi-project environment . The objectives of the model were the minimum cost loss due to the delay of the time limit of the projects and the minimum delay of the project with the highest priority .Then a Genetic Algorithm to solve the model was introduced. Finally, a numerical example was used to testify the feasibility of the model and the algorithm. Index Terms—Genetic Algorithm, Human Resource Allocation, Multi-project’s project’s priority . 1.INTRODUCTION More and more enterprises are facing the challenge of multi-project management, which has been the focus among researches on project management. In multi-project environment ,the share are competition of resources such as capital , time and human resources often occur .Therefore , it’s critical to schedule projects in order to satisfy the different resource demands and to shorten the projects’ duration time with resources constrained ,as in [1].For many enterprises ,the human resources are the most precious asset .So enterprises should reasonably and effectively allocate each resource , especially the human resource ,in order to shorten the time and cost of projects and to increase the benefits .Some literatures have discussed the resource allocation problem in multi-project environment with resources constrained. Reference [1] designed an iterative algorithm and proposed a mathematical model of the resource-constrained multi-project scheduling .Based on work breakdown structure (WBS) and Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition method ,a feasible multi-project planning method was illustrated , as in [2] . References [3,4]

外文参考文献及翻译稿的要求与格式

外文参考文献及翻译稿的要求及格式 一、外文参考文献的要求 1、外文原稿应与本研究项目接近或相关联; 2、外文原稿可选择相关文章或节选章节,正文字数不少于1500字。 3、格式:外文文献左上角标注“外文参考资料”字样,小四宋体。1.5倍行距。标题:三号,Times New Roman字体加粗,居中,行距1.5倍。段前段后空一行。作者(居中)及正文:小四号,Times New Roman字体,首行空2字符。 4、A4纸统一打印。 二、中文翻译稿 1、中文翻译稿要与外文文献匹配,翻译要正确; 2、中文翻译稿另起一页; 3、格式:左上角标“中文译文”,小四宋体。标题:宋体三号加粗居中,行距1.5倍。段前、段后空一行。作者(居中)及正文:小四号宋体,数字等Times New Roman字体,1.5倍行距,首行空2字符。正文字数1500左右。 4、A4纸统一打印。 格式范例如后所示。

外文参考文献 Implementation of internal controls of small and medium-sized pow er Stephen Ryan The enterprise internal control carries out the strength to refer to the enterprise internal control system execution ability and dynamics, it is the one whole set behavior and the technical system, is unique competitive advantage which the enterprise has; Is a series of …… …… …… ………… 标题:三号,Times New Roman 字体加粗,居中,行距1.5倍。 段前段后空一行。 作者(居中)及正文:小四号,Times New Roman 字体,首行空2字符。 外文文献左上角标注“外文参考资 料”字样,小四宋体。1.5倍行距。

网站建设外文文献翻译终审稿)

网站建设外文文献翻译文稿归稿存档编号:[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-

On site construction technology 1 Introduction The development of network technology for today's global information exchange and sharing funding source in the establishment of contacts and provide more channels and possible. Homes will be known world affairs, according few keyboard or a few mouse clicks can be distant friends thousands of miles away exchanges, and online communications, Internet browsing, on-line interactive, e-commerce has become a modern part of people's lives. Internet era, has created the new people's work and lifestyle, the Internet, openness and sharing of information model, breaking the traditional mode of information dissemination many barriers for people with new opportunities. With computers and the advent of the information age, the pace of the advance of human society in gradually accelerated. In recent years the development of web design, fast people occupied. With the development of web design, a colorful online website together one scenic beauty. To design aesthetic and practical web site should be thoroughly master the building techniques. In building site, we analyzed the websites of objectives, contents, functions, structure, the application of more web design technology. 2 the definition of websit 2.1 How definition of websites Web site identified the tasks and objectives, the building site is the most important issue. Why people will come to your website You have a unique service The first people to your website is to what They will come back All these issues must be taken into account when the site definition of the problem. Definition site to, first of all, the entire site must have a clear understanding of what the design should understand in the end, the main purpose of the mission, how to carry out the task of organization and planning. Second, to maintain the high-quality Web site. Many websites in the face of strong competition from high-quality product is the greatest long-term competitive advantage. An excellent Web site should have the following: (1) users visit Web site is faster. (2) attention to the feedback and updates. To update the content of the website and timely feedback the user's requirements; (3) Home design to be reasonable. Home to the first impression left by visitors is important, the design must be attractive in order to have a good visual effect. 2.2 The contents of the website and function The content of the web site is to be a new, fast, all three sides. The content of the website, including the type of static, dynamic, functional and

外文翻译模板

杭州电子科技大学 毕业论文外文文献翻译要求 根据《普通高等学校本科毕业设计(论文)指导》的内容,特对外文文献翻译提出以下要求: 一、翻译的外文文献可以是一篇,也可以是两篇,但总字符要求不少于1.5万(或翻译成中文后至少在3000字以上)。 二、翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料,应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关,并作为外文参考文献列入毕业论文(设计)的参考文献。并在每篇中文译文标题尾部用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处,中文译文后应附外文原文(全文,格式为word)。不能翻译中国学者的文章,不能翻译准则等有译文的著作。 三、中文译文的基本撰写格式 1.题目:采用小三号、黑体字、居中打印;段前二行,段后二行。 2.正文:采用小四号、宋体字,行间距一般为固定值20磅,标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm,右2.5cm,上下各2.5cm,页面统一采用A4纸。 四、外文原文格式 1.题目:采用小三号、Times New Roman、居中打印;段前二行,段后二行。 2.正文:采用小四号、Times New Roman,行间距一般为固定值20磅,标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm,右2.5cm,上下各2.5cm,页面统一采用A4纸。 五、封面格式由学校统一制作(注:封面上的“翻译题目”指中文译文的题目),并按“封面、封面、译文、外文原文、考核表”的顺序统一装订。

毕业论文外文文献翻译 毕业论文题目Xxx 翻译题目指翻译后的中文译文的题目学院会计学院(以本模板为准)专业XXXXXX(以本模板为准)姓名XXXXXX(以本模板为准)班级XXXXXX(以本模板为准)学号XXXXXX(以本模板为准)指导教师XXXXXX(以本模板为准)

外文翻译格式要求

外文翻译格式要求 1.原文必须选用与课题相关的国外学者所著的学术专著或学术文章,不能选用教材类作品或中国作者撰写的英文文章。 2.中文译文不少于3000汉字。 3.原文资料用毕业论文稿纸单面复印,页边距与毕业论文稿纸一致,便于装订。装订时,原文在前,译文在后。原文和译文合计页码总数,在文本每页右上角用五号Times New Roman 标明页码。 4.原文的处理方式针对所选资料不同,区别对待: 1)复印书本、期刊、论文集,需包含书的封面、选译章节; 2)节选自网络文章,应调整好电子文档格式,按照英文Times New Roman,标题四号加粗(若有副标题,小四号加粗),正文五号。中文译文宋体,标题四号加粗,正文五号。原文及译文正均采用1.5倍行距,文中若有小标题,一律五号加粗。 5.外文著录格式按照正规参考文献的范式进行,“著录-题名-出版事项”的顺序排列注明。 1)若选自期刊:著者,题名,期刊名称,出版年,卷号(期号),起始页码。 外文著录: Liu Shaozhong, Liao Fengrong. S tudies of negative pragmatic transfer in interlanguage pragmatics[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University, 2002, (4):34-45. 2)若选自论文集:著者,题名,论文集名称,编者,出版地,出版社,出版年,起始页码。例如: 外文著录: Thomas, J. Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failure[A]. Edited by He Zhaoxiong. Selected Reading For Pragmatics[C]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2003:677-714. 3)若选自书籍:著者,书名,版次(第一版不标注),出版地,出版者,出版年,起始页码。例如: 外文著录: Mey,Jacob L. Pragmatics:An Introduction[M].Beijing:Foreign Language and Research Press, 2001. 4)若选自网络文章,则应注明具体网页地址。例如: 外文著录: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/32666240.html,/Personal/szliu/negative%20pragmatic%20transfer.doc 1

任务书 开题报告 文献综述 外文翻译模板

江汉大学毕业论文(设计)任务书物理和信息工程学院通信和电子信息系 电子信息工程专业 题目:智能家居门禁系统的研究及电子密码锁的设计 起止日期:2010年12月20日至2011年5月30日 学生姓名:xxxxxxx 学号:xxxxxxxxxxxxx 指导教师:漆为民 教研室主任:____________ 年月日审查 系主任:年月日批准 2010 年 12 月 20日至 2011年5月30日

学生进行毕业论文(设计)前,指导教师应填好此任务书,经教研室、系主任签字后,正式给学生下达任务。 江汉大学毕业论文(设计) 开题报告 论文题目智能家居门禁系统的研究及电子密码锁的设计

(英文)Access control system for smart home and the designof electronic locks 学院物理和信息工程学院 专业电子信息工程 姓名 xxxxxx 学号 xxxxxxxxxxxx 指导教师漆为民 2011年1月16日

注:本页为毕业论文(设计)开题报告的封面,请将开题报告正文装订于后。 开题报告 一.课题来源和背景 20世纪80年代初,随着大量采用电子技术的家用电器面市,住宅电子化出现。80年代中期,将家用电器、通信设备和安保防灾设备各自独立的功能综合为一体后,形成了住宅自动化概念。80年代末,由于通信和信息技术的发展,出现了对住宅中各种通信、家电、安保设备通过总线技术进行监视、控制和管理的商用系统,这在美国称为Smart Home,也就是现在智能家居的原型。 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 我的课题是关于智能家居之门禁系统篇,主题是基于AT89C51单片机电子密码锁的设计和研究,运用了Proteus这一仿真平台。在对电子密码锁的设计的同时,也对各种门禁系统的核心技术进行了学习和比较。 二.研究目的以及意义 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx。 意义:通过该设计的经历,了解当今世上的有关智能家居门禁系统的一些新的发展,新的技术以及产品的使用。并通过对电子密码锁的设计研究,来学习通过一个基于AT89C51单片机的电子密码锁的仿真设计过程展示Proteus软件在数字电路及单片机开发中的巨大作用以及相比于传统设计方法的巨大优势.显示了Proteus能快速的进行单片机仿真.加快系统开发的过程而且降低的我们的开发成本。在设计过程中所使用到的Proteus的功能只是Proteus强大功能中的一小部分,Proteus还具有环境模拟、图表分析、噪声分析等高级使用.甚至能使用于自动控制领域对复杂的自控算法进行仿真.通过深入学习.我们可以进一步的了解Proteus在各个领域的强大使用。在数字电路和单片机的课程教学中Proteus也不失

物流外文文献与翻译

文献出处: Mahpula A. The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness [J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34. 原文 The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness Mahpula A Abstract At present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics.

山东建筑大学本科毕业设计说明书外文文献及翻译格式模版

附件3: (本科毕业论文)文献、资料题目: 院(部) 专 班 姓名:张三 学号: 指导教师:张九光 翻译日期:2005.6.30

,the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been working to develop a new encryption standard to keep government information secure .The organization is in the final stages of an open process of selecting one or more algorithms ,or data-scrambling formulas ,for the new Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and plans to make adecision by late summer or early fall .The standard is slated to go into effect next year . AES is intended to be a stronger ,more efficient successor to Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES),which replaced the aging DES ,which was cracked in less than three days in July 1998. “Until we have the AES ,3DES will still offer protection for years to come .So there is no need to immediately switch over ,”says Edward Roback , acting chief of the computer security division at NIST and chairman of the AES selection committee .“What AES will offer is a more efficient algorithm .It will be a federal standard ,but it will be widely implemented in the IT community .” According to Roback ,efficiency of the proposed algorithms is measured by how fast they can encrypt and decrypt information ,how fast they can present an encryption key and how much information they can encrypt . The AES review committee is also looking at how much space the algorithm takes up on a chip and how much memory it requires .Roback says the selection of a more efficient AES will also result in cost savings and better use of resources . “DES w as designed for hardware implementations ,and we are now living in a world of much more efficient software ,and we have learned an awful lot about the design of algorithms ,”says Roback .“When you start multiplying this with the billions of implementations done daily ,the saving on overhead on the networks will be enormous .” ……

相关主题