英语翻译练习(试卷)含答案
句子及段落翻译
I . Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese.
1. The production of various stereo recorders has been increased four times as against 1977.
译：各种立体声录音机的产量比1977年增加了三倍。
2. All of the heat supplied to the engine is not converted into useful work.
译：并非供给热机的所有热量都被转变为有用的功。
3．The speed of wave is the distance it advances per unit time.
译：波速是波在单位时间内前进的距离。
4．Friction wears away metal in the moving parts, which shortens their working life.
译：运动部件间的摩擦力使金属磨损，这就缩短了运动部件的使用寿命。
5．There are bacteria that help plants grow, others that get rid of dead animals and plants by making them decay, and some that live in soil and make it better for growing crops.
译：有些细菌能帮助植物生长，另一些细菌则通过腐蚀来消除死去的动物和植物，还有一些细菌则生活在土壤里，使土壤变得对种植庄稼更有好处。
6．Thereby higher latitude are prevented from becoming increasingly colder and low latitudes from becoming increasingly hotter.
译：通过这种途径，使高纬地区不能变得越来越冷，而低纬地区不能变得越来越热。7．Such waves occur most frequently at stormy latitudes, where the storms tend to come in groups traveling in the same direction, with only short periods separating them.
译：这样的波浪在风暴生成的纬度带出现极为频繁。在那里风暴常常是成群出现的，它们沿着同一方向运动，彼此间相隔时间很短暂。
8．For efficiency the shape of the roof should be designed in such a way that it provides as large an evaporation area as possible.
译：从效率考虑，屋顶形状应这样来设计，即它可提供尽可能大的蒸发面积。
9．Since Newton’s time, mathematicians and physicist have investigated the tides by considering the response of the oceans to the tide-generating forces.
译：从牛顿时代以来，数学家和物理学家们就一直通过考虑海洋对引潮力的响应来研究海潮现象。
10．Above the critical temperature and under high pressure the vapor may become as dens and as incompressible as the liquid at lower temperature.
译：在临界温度以上和高压下，蒸汽密度可能变得象在低温下液体那样稠密且不可压缩。
I . Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English.
1. 为了使铁跟杂质分离，铁矿石须冶炼。
译：For separating iron from the impurities, the iron ore must be melted.
2. 动力学是物理学最重要的基础之一。这门学科最初是在17世纪根据通常称为牛顿运动定律的原理正式建立起来的。
译：Dynamics is one of the most essential foundations of physics. This subject was first soundly established in the 17th century on the basis of the axiom usually known as Newton’s laws of motion.
3. 回火(annealing)所需温度随两个因素而变, 材料特性；回火前的加工量。
译：Temperature required for annealing is a function for two factors, the nature of the material and the amount of work that has been done prior to annealing.
4. 生产过程可分为单件生产和批量生产：单件生产就是生产少量的工件，批量生产就是生产大量规格相同的工件。
译：Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.
5. 生物工程也是一种工程，是一种与传统意义截然不同的工程。
译：Bioengineering is also a kind of engineering. However, it is an engineering that is different from that with conventional sense.
6. 因此，我们建议建立更多的自然保护区（即使规模不大），尽可能多地保护森林生境，保护和提高我国的生物多样性。
译：Therefore, we suggest that more protected areas, even if they are small, should be established to protect more forest habitats as soon as possible, to conserve and enhance the bio-diversity in China。
7. 健全法律法规、强化技术支撑、加强政策引导、明确管理职责、广泛宣传教育，切实抓好节地节能节水节材，提高资源综合利用效率。
译：In order to attain tangible results in the conservation of land, energy, water and raw materials and enhance the efficiency of resource utilization, / we must improve relevant laws and regulations, … and launch an extensive public awareness campaign.
8. 信息产品制造业要强化研发设计，进一步完善产业链，加快发展集成电路、新型元器件、新一代移动通信等重点产业。
译：In the area of ICT product manufacturing, our challenge is to enhance R&D and design capacities, and build up competencies across the whole value chain, focusing particularly on such key industries as integrated circuits, new generation components and next-generation mobile telecommunications systems.
9. 试验结果表明多数人工制造的同位素(isotopes)都具有放射性。
译：The results obtained suggested that most isotopes produced artificially are radioactive.
10. 激光光束可以聚集到一个很小的小点上。但是，小点越小，越难精确地聚集。只有在激光装置中装有计算器，才能获得高的精度。
译：Laser beam can be focused on a very tiny spot. But the smaller the spot, the more difficult it is to be precise in focusing. It is only by the incorporation of a computing machine into a laser device that high precision can be achieved.
III. Translate the following passages.
1. From the deep clear waters of the deep, clear waters of the north Atlantic, Clearwater is proud to bring you Arctic Surf Clams, our newest seafood sensation. They are low in fat, actually reduce cholesterol, and are a great part of a healthy diet.
译：北极贝源自冰冷无污染的加拿大北大西洋深海海域。其肉质丰厚细腻、味道鲜甜，铁和不饱和脂肪酸（其中具有脑黄金之称高不饱和脂肪酸占69%）含量高，而胆固醇含量低，具有丰富的营养价值，为强身防老之佳品。
2. Limited Warranty for Cartridge (硒鼓) Life
This Warranty Supersedes All Previous Warranties. HP LaserJet C3977A toner cartridges are designed to print an average of 750 pages for a typical document such as a business letter. For optimum cartridge performance, printer cleaning, and other information, see your printer use`s manual. Clean your printer when you change toner cartridges.
译：硒鼓有限保修单
本保单取代以前所有的报单
惠普激光打印机C3977A型硒鼓平均可打印750页如商业信函那样的普通文件。对于最佳的硒鼓性能、清洁打印机及其他信息，请见您的打印机用户手册。请在更换硒鼓时清洁打印机。
IV. Translate the following abstract into English.
稀土国际贸易公平价格机制的主要决定因素
究竟稀土国际市场定价是否公平合理，原材料产品的价值是否被低估，国际价格是否能够足额补偿稀土供给方生产稀土耗费的所有成本，并使其获得合理利润，都是亟待研究的问题。本论文在这样的大背景之下，以提炼创新的非可再生资源国际贸易公平价格机制理论为基础，探索稀土国际贸易公平价格机制，建立稀土产品的内在价值公平补偿体系，测算稀土影子价格判定稀土产品内在价值补偿的公平程度；分析国际交易主体间的交易势力公平的影响因素，并采用随市场定价模型测
定交易势力的公平程度，并提出一些促进稀土国际贸易价格形成于公平价格区间的政策建议。论文的核心观点为：稀土国际贸易交易平台制度公平基础上的内在价值补偿、交易势力公平（包括产业组织交易势力及国家政策交易势力的公平）是稀土国际贸易公平价格机制的主要决定因素。
关键词：稀土国际贸易公平价格机制价值补偿交易势力公平测度
All the following problems need to be studied, including: is RE international market pricing is fair and reasonable? Is the value of RE raw materials undervalued? Is the current RE price enough to compensate the producers’ cost and appropriate profit?
This paper aim to study the fair pricing mechanism, establish an intrinsic and fair value compensation system and estimate the shadow price to determine the compensation fairness for the intrinsic rare earth value based on the innovative international trade fair pricing mechanism theory for non-renewable resources. This paper analyzes the factors affecting trade forces fairness between international RE buyers and sellers. Some policy suggestions are put forward to encourage RE international price fluctuates within the fair price range. The core opinion of this paper is: the major deciding factors for RE international trade fair pricing mechanism are intrinsic value compensation and trade forces fairness (including fairness of Industry trade forces and national policy transactions forces) based on the fairness of the RE international trading platform system.
稀土行业整合的背景、问题及策略
摘要：在如何促进稀土行业持续健康发展的探索中，社会各界对“用整合方式使稀土行业形成高度集中的少数大企业集团”抱有极高的期望，然而现实中的稀土行业整合却步履艰难.文章运用垄断竞争及企业并购相关理论，通过对稀土行业整合的背景梳理，进一步明确整合要达到的具体目的；通过对稀土行业整合的历程分析，找到稀土行业整合中，在整合主导、整合环节、整合手段和整合模式等方面存在的深层次问题.在此基础上，提出“由企业主导整合、充分考虑利益平衡、在稀土产业链的应用和分离环节率先整合、为稀土开采环节整合创造条件”等加快稀土行业整合的策略.
关键词：稀土；稀土产业链；行业整合；兼并重组；整合环节；整合模式
Background, Problems and Strategies for Rare Earth Industry Integration
Abstract: People have high expectations in the sustainable development of China’s rare earth industry by founding some competitive and large-scaled rare earth companies out of merger. However, the reality of rare earth industry integration is not promising. This paper surveys the integration background of rare earth industry for clarifying the specific integration purpose applying related theories of monopolistic competition and corporate mergers. Some underlying problems in the rare earth industry integration in the fields of integration dominance, integrated links, integration methods and integrated mode are discussed based on analyzing rare earth industry integration process. We then suggest the industry integration strategy, that is, “corporate-led, full consideration to the interests of all parties concerned, integration in the application and separation stages of the industry chain, and creating conditions for the integration of rare earth mining areas”.
Key words:rare earth; rare earth industry chain; industry consolidation; mergers and restructuring; integration links; integrated model
从环境保证金到环境税—稀土贸易可持续发展之路
摘要：首先指出目前稀土贸易所存在的困境，即没有国际定价权贱卖资源和限制出口引发贸易争端的两难选择；接着分析了目前中国对稀土的税费征收现状和存在的问题，指出征收环境税是解决稀土出口两难选择的有效方法；然后从税目，纳税人，课征对象和课征环节，计税依据，税率以及环境税的国际协调等方面对环境税进行了整体的税制设计；最后提出环境保证金的概念，建议在环境税正式实施之前，对稀土等矿产资源征收环境保证金，以此作为过渡措施来达到相似的效果.
关键词：环境税；环境保障金；稀土贸易；可持续发展
Sustainable development of rare earth trade: From environmental security deposit to environmental tax Abstract: This paper points out the dilemma of rare earth trade, that is, exporting rare earth at unreasonable low prices or limiting rare earth export quotas resulting in forthcoming trade disputes. Environmental tax is
an effective solution to the dilemma upon analyzing the current taxation policy on China’s rare earth industry. The overall environmental taxation system is planned on the aspects of taxation categories, taxpayer, taxation object, taxation steps, tax basis, tariff and international coordination. Environment security deposit collection on mineral resources such as rare earth can be used as transitional measure before the official practice of environment tax.
Key words: environmental tax; environmental security deposit; rare earth trade; sustainable development
长句翻译练习
1、The era of blatant discrimination ended in the 1960s through the courageous actions of thousands of blacks participating in peaceful marches and sit-ins, to force Southern states to implement the Federal desegregation laws in schools and public accommodation.
1、六十年代，千千万万的黑人参加了和平游行示威和静坐，他们的勇敢行动迫使南方各州执行联邦政府关于在学校和公共场所所废除种族隔离的法律，从而结束了公然歧视黑人的时代。
2、A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who insists that women have outgrown the jumping-on-the-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a colonel who says that they haven’t.
2、席间，一位年轻的女士和一位上校激烈地争论开了。女士认为，妇女进步了，不再是过去那种一见老鼠就吓得跳起来的妇女了。而上校认为妇女并没有多大的改变。
3、Times goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children in a pool and young Diana on the edge, to receive with wonder any thing you can catch!
3、当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里，又有个年轻的狄安娜在池边好奇地接受你捉上来的任何东西的时候，如果你懂得什么叫美的话，时间是过得很快的。
4、The 25-year teaching veteran says he was denied a promotion and pay raise last year because he hadn’t published a sufficient number of research papers.
4、这位与25年教龄的老教师说，由于他未能发表足够数量的科研论文，去年没有给他提职、加薪。
5、The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1500 passengers to their deaths, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song.
5、白星公司的班轮泰坦尼克号在1912年处女航中因撞上冰山而沉没，船上1500多名乘客遇难。此后关于她的种种传说便成为各种刊物、电影以及诗歌、歌曲的内容而广为流传。
旅游翻译
1.The Imperial Palace , also called the Forbidden City , was built in the fifteenth century (1406---1420), covering an area of 175 acres ( 72 ha .). It is now the largest and best preserved ancient architectural complex in China . As you pass through Tian An Men Gate you will enter a large walled courtyard which is 760 meters from east to west. Although you cannot see them, on either side of this courtyard are closely-arranged gardens and halls. Of particular interest if you have time might be the imperial Ancestral Temple , which is to the right, and the Sun Yi-Sen Park , on the left.
1.故宫也叫紫禁城，建于十五世纪(1406---1420), 占地175亩。它是中国现存最大、保存最完整的古建筑群。穿过天安门，进入一个由东往西760米的围墙围着的院子。然而这个院子是不可能全部都参观完的，因为在这个院子的两侧紧挨着一个接一个的花园和廊厅。如果特别感兴趣而有时间的话，可以参观太庙，太庙在右边。
2. Austria is wedged between seven other countries. Liechtenstein , Switzerland , and the Federal Republic of Germany are to the west. Czechoslovakia is to the north. Hungary is to the east. To the south are Italy and Yugoslavia .
⒉奥地利周边与七国相邻：西濒列支敦士敦、瑞士、德意志联邦共和国，北邻捷克斯洛伐克，东连匈牙利，南接意大利和南斯拉夫。
3. Tiny islands, with hunks of coral reef, coconut palms and fine white sand on them, are strung around the edge of the peninsula like a pearl necklace.
⒊座座岛屿玲珑小巧，紧密相连，象一串珍珠缀成的项链，环绕着半岛边缘。岛上珊瑚礁红，椰树成片，沙滩如银，景色如诗如画。
4. 西湖如镜面，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光绮丽。
⒋The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with green hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty.
5. The harbor looked most beautiful in its semi-circle of hills and half-lights. The color of a pearl gray and a fairy texture. …. This Arctic scenery has a beauty which is the exact antithe sis of the Christmas card of tradition. Soft, melting halftones. Nothing brittle of garish.
⒌只见海港环抱于半圆形小山丛中，煞是好看，朦朦胧胧，一片银灰，宛若仙境。……。这北极地区景色之美，同传统的圣诞贺卡适成对照，它浓淡交融，光影柔和，清雅绝俗。
6. A fascinating city between sea and sky, like Venus rising from the waves, Venice welcomes tourists from the five continents drawn to her by the charm of her water and pellucid light, free from all dust and cooled by the sea breeze. She also offers the intellectual pleasures to be derived from her masterpieces which mark the meeting of East and West.
⒍威尼斯水城海天相连，景色迷人，宛如碧波中涌现的维纳斯，吸引着五大洲的游客。她水色旖旎，波光澄澈，清风拂面而来，荡去你心中的不快与烦恼。而城中那些集东西方艺术之大成的艺术杰作，更给人以精神上的享受。
7. 青城山地质地貌独特，植被茂密，气候适宜，林木葱翠，层峦叠嶂，曲径逶迤，古观藏趣。
⒎Endowed with special geological landforms and a mild climate, Qingcheng Mountain enjoys exuberant vegetations and forests through which the paths wind, as well as the ancient temples dispersing in ranges of mountains.
8. The giant hornbill which is the size of a young ostrich and rather more ungainly until it lumbers into the air, and then reveals the great sweep of its wings, each tipped with white.
⒏硕大的犀鸟，形同年幼的鸵鸟，甚至更显笨拙，直到凌空展翅，方显其巨大的羽翼和白色的翼尖，矫健无比。
9. 云南有26个少数民族，是中国少数民族种类最多的省份。各民族的服饰、建筑、风俗、歌舞、饮食等，形成了一幅美丽的风情画卷。
⒐Home to 26 ethnic groups—the largest number in China —-- Yunnan Province offers tourists a cultural feast of unique ethnic costumes, architecture, cuisine, songs and dances, and rituals. ——Beijing Review
10. 漓江风光的美，不仅充分展现了“山青、水秀、洞奇、石美”的特点，而且还有着“深潭、险滩、流泉、飞瀑”的佳景。
10. The Lijiang River boasts of not only its (natural) landscape of rivers and mountains, but also its grotesqueness of rocks and caves, deep pools, dangerous shoals, and streams and waterfalls.
11. 这儿的峡谷又是另一番景象：谷中急水奔流，穿峡而过，两岸树木葱笼，鲜花繁茂，碧草萋萋，活脱脱一幅生机盎然的天然风景画。各种奇峰异岭，令人感受各异，遐想万千。
11. It is another gorge through which a rapid stream flows. Trees, flowers and grass, a picture of natural vitality, thrive on both banks. The weird peaks arouse disparate thoughts.
12. Towers, domes, balanced rocks, and arches have been formed over millions of years of weathering and erosion, and the process continues, constantly reshaping this fantastical rock garden.
12. 岁月沧桑，风化雨蚀，造就了这里奇特的山体风貌：满山“巨塔”高耸，“穹丘”浑圆，“不倒翁”摇摇欲坠，“大拱门”凌空而立，奇形怪状，浑然天成。大自然造物不尽，还在不断创造新的
神奇。
时政文翻译
1.农民增加了对农业的投资，这样相对减少了国家对农业的直接投资。
⒈Increased peasant investment in agriculture means relatively less direct investment in agriculture by the state.
2. 必须努力体现发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化的要求，促进全民族思想道德素质和科学文化素质的不断提高，为我国经济发展和社会进步提供精神动力和智力支持。
⒉We should meet the requirements of the national, scientific and popular socialist culture that develops toward(或in orientation to 或oriented to) modernization, the world and the future, enabling them to upgrade the ideological and ethical qualities and scientific and cultural qualities of the whole nation and to provide the motive power and support culturally and intellectually.
3. 在治理通货膨胀时，注意保持经济持续增长，成功实现“软着陆”。
⒊In dealing with inflation, we paid attention to ensuring sustained expansion of the economy and a successful “soft-landing”.
4. 为获取更多的财富，他们还向政治领域渗透，千方百计拉拢腐蚀党政干部，寻求“保护伞”。
⒋To gain more property, they spare no effort to draw in leaders of the Party and the Government as an umbrella for their criminal activities.
5. 宁夏正将旅游作为新型产业、朝阳产业和支柱产业来培育。
⒌Ningxia is developing its tourism sector as a new, rising and pillar industry.
6.大规模的选拔性统一考试是一把锋利的“双刃剑”，“一考定终身”的弊端也给中学教育、高等教育以及考生和全社会带来了一系列问题。
⒍The national college entrance examination is also a double-edged sword.A series of educational and social problems have cropped up due to various flaws in the examination system.
7. 现实中存在的一些领导在职不作为、责任心不强、爱做官样文章、搞形式摆花架子以及干部队伍建设中能上不能下、庸不让贤等问题。
⒎Problems exist in China’s system of bureaucra cy—officials’ inadequate performance,their poor sense of responsibility, excessive red tape, formalism, and extreme difficulty in replacing unqualified personnel with competent people.
8.创建中国企业员工“红黑档”主要有两个目的：一是建立中国职业人的个人信誉认证体制，二是为中国企业提供一个更好的员工激励机制。
⒏The establishment of the Online Employees’ Performance Appraisal and Assessment Management System has two objectives: First, establishing a personal credibility assessment system.. Second, establishing an effective enthusiasm stimulation mechanism.
9. 北京商务中心区将在区域规划、配套设施建设、政府服务、政策制定上突破现有框架，率先实现与国际接轨。
⒐The CBD will also conform to the international practice in facilities construction, government service and policy formulation.
10. 既然“双赢”需要相互的适应和妥协，那么要来中国求“赢”的外国商家，就也得量一量中国的“轨”、摸索一下中国的“惯例”，否则即使在硬规则上赢了，也可能陷在软规则里动弹不得。接轨不应该、也不可能是单向的，各做调整、相互适应，才是双赢的基础。
10.Since a win-win situation requires mutual concession and compromise, then foreign enterprises that hope to make gains on the Chinese market should understand China ’s traditions and conventions, otherwise they will be trapped in the “soft rules” in China . The realization of a win-win situation should be based on mutual adaptation and adjustment, rather than one side following the other side’s practices.
11. 发挥中心城市的集聚功能和辐射作用，以线串点，以点带面，带动周围地区发展。
11. Major cities connected by such lines should serve as economic centers and play leading roles in the development of their adjacent areas.
12. 既然要以公众人物的身份吃这碗饭，就应该知道这碗饭不是那么好吃的，代价之一就是时刻面临着被人拎出来说三道四的危险。
12. As a public figure, he should know that one of the costs he has to pay is the risk of being gossiped about by the general public.
13. 本届高交会将为参展的国内外企业、科研院所、高等院校、投资机构和中介机构，提供良好的支持和服务平台。
13. The trade fair will serve both foreign and domestic enterprises, research institutes, institutions of higher learning, investment organizations and intermediaries.
14. 过去的一年．全国人民团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得重大成就。
14.In the past，the Chinese people worked hard with a united and pioneering spirit, achieving great success in the drive for socialist modernization.
15. 认真贯彻“一要吃饭、二要建设”的方针，合理调整财政支出结构，区别轻重缓急，//该保的一定要保，该压缩的要坚决压缩。
15. We must conscientiously carry out the principle of “subsistence first, development second” and rationally adjust the pattern of expenditures and do things according to the order of their importance and urgency. // Funding must be guaranteed for what must be done and, for what is not important or urgent enough, funding must be cut.
16.中国的野生动物，种类繁多，堪称世界种群量(populations)最多的国家之一，拥有4，400种脊椎动物(vertebrates)，占世界分布总量的百之十强。
16. China is home to one of the world's most diverse populations of wild animals with its 4,400 species of vertebrates, accounting for over 10 percent of the world-wide total.
17. 北京首都国际机场现有两条跑道、两个候机楼、75个标准停机位，2008年以前，机场将进行大规模的扩建，再增加１条跑道、1座候机楼、55个标准停机位，使年客运能力达到4800万人次。
17. Based on its two runways, two terminal buildings and 75 aircraft waiting bays, Beijing ’s Capital International Airport will undergo before 2008 its large-scale expansion, adding one runway, an additional terminal building and 55 standard aircraft waiting bays for an annual passenger handling capacity up to 48 million people.
18. 经过近30年的努力，中国成功地探索了一条具有本国特色的综合治理人口问题的道路，//逐步形成了适应市场经济要求的//人口调控体系和计划生育工作管理体制，//人口与发展取得了举世瞩目的成就，//公民的生存权、发展权和经济、社会、文化权利显著改善。
18.After nearly 30 years of efforts, China has successfully found its own way to have an integrated approach to the population issue with its own national characteristics.//A system of regulating and adjusting the population growth with a proper family planning program management has gradually come into being.//This is a system in keeping with the market economy.//China’s population and development program has achieved universally acknowledged success.//The citizens’ rights to subsistence and development and their rights in the socio-economic and cultural fields have been notably improved.
19.有的地方热衷于搞华而不实的“形象工程”、“政绩工程”，市政建设盲目追求高档次、高标准。
19. Some local authorities like to build ostentatious projects designed to build their own images or show their achievements. In urban development, they indiscriminately pursue things of the highest grade or standard.
20. 传统的早婚早育、多子多福和重男轻女等观念逐渐被晚婚晚育、少生优生、生男生女都一样等科学、文明、进步的观念所取代。
20.The traditional concepts of “early marriage, early childbirth”, “the more sons, the more happiness”and “men are superior to women” has been gradually replaced by the scientific and advanced concepts of “lat e marriage, and later childbearing, fewer and healthier births” and “boys and girls are equal”.
21. “读书就是挣大钱娶美女”的看法无疑并无任何新鲜之处，它无非是古话“书中自有黄金屋，书中自有颜如玉”的现代直译。这个观点由于其个人主义和功利主义而被现代教育观念所抛弃，但也不能否认，它的确是很多人刻苦读书的直接动力。
21. The view that the purpose of study is to earn lots of money and marry a beauty is nothing more than an interpretation of the old saying “through study, one can find a gold house and a beautiful woman.” This individualist and utilitarianist thought have been discarded by modern education concepts.
H owever, we can’t deny that this idea is still the driving force for many students.
22.“以人为本”的人格价值观念同“以和为贵”、“海纳百川”等和平与发展的思想主张，对中华文明与其他文明间的交流和融合产生着重要影响。
22. Chinese culture advocates such values and concepts as “People come first”, “conciliation is invaluable” and “the sea is able to take in hundreds of rivers,” which have produced a positive influence on the exchange and integration of Chinese civilization and other civilizations.
23.西方的文化是以个人为核心，中国文化则以群体为核心。在中国，起核心作用的是“家”，这点在语言上也有所反映，如自己称“自家”，别人是“人家”，全体是“大家”，全国是“国家”。
23. Western culture takes individual as its core while Chinese culture group as its core. In China , “family” plays an essential role, which can also be seen in its language. For example, Chinese people call themselves “Zi Jia”, “Jia”in Chi nese means “family”, but “Zi Jia” actually means “myself; ourselves” or “ my own” ; They say ”Ren Jia” to refer to “others”; “Da Jia” to “we all” or “the whole”; and “Guo Jia” to “a natio n” or “a country” , each with the same word “Jia” in it.
24. 两个娃娃在观灯戏狮狗。以“莲”、“灯”、“狮”等谐音，题作“莲灯太师”。古代官制，太师为三公之首。故为祝愿发迹升官之颂辞。
24. Two boys are playing with a lotus lantern, a lion and a dog. There are four Chinese characters in the picture: lian, deng, tai and shi, which are homonymous with the four Chinese characters in meaning: lotus (successive), lantern (ascend), and the majestic lion('taishi", the emperor's tutor), elucidating the theme of the picture: to be successively promoted to the post of 'taishi" (the head of the three highest-rank officials under the emperor in ancient China: Taishi, Taifu and Taibao). The picture is now often used to express people’s good wish: to win promotion and get rich.
摘要翻译
⒈Abstract: Gold price has always been a hot topic for gold is a necessity in industries like electronics, telecommunication and aerospace. Gold is also an important means of stockpiling currency and investment tool. The major factors affecting gold price includes gold supply and demand in the world market, US dollar index, petroleum price, global political and economic situation, etc. This paper analyzes supply and demand status in the world gold market by establishing a gold price influencing factors model with EVIEWS 5.0. It concludes that the gold production and oil price are positively correlated with gold price, while the US dollar index is negatively correlated with gold price.
Key words: gold price; affecting factors; model
⒉Abstract:This paper is mainly focused on the research of the ventilation network in Hemushan Iron Mine by means of numerical simulation and experimental validation. Firstly, in the phase of numerical simulation, the standard turbulence model and the standard SIMPLE algorithm are applied to simulate the ventilation network based on the FLUENT fluid simulation software; And then, in the process of
experiment validation, the JFY4 ventilation parameters gauge is used for measuring the five parameters (wind speed, air, temperature, humidity, air pressure) for each selected point. In addition, it could be concluded that numerical simulation of the mine airflow by FLUENT fluid simulation software is feasible by comparing the numerical simulation results and the measuring results. The research results can provide a basic research for the subsequent further ventilation system optimization. It also could have a guidance function to the adjustment in current ventilation system.
Key words: Hemushan Iron Mine; ventilation network; numerical simulation; validation; FLUENT
⒊Abstract: Combined with vacuum sintering, W-20% Cu / C composite material was prepared by mechanical alloying. Carbon nanotubes can be used as strengthening phase for W-20% Cu composite material for its good overall performance. The particle sizes of w-20% cu composite powder and the density and hardness of w-cu composite materials with different carbon nanotubes addition are analyzed by applying particle size tester. Adding carbon nanotubes can continuously refine the grain size of W-20% Cu composite powder. The density and hardness of W-20% Cu composite gradually increases with increasing mass fraction of carbon nanotubes. It shows that mechanical alloying technology enables carbon nanotubes dispersed in the W-20% Cu composite, which leads to fine grain strengthening.
Key words: W-Cu composite materials; Carbon nanotubes; particle size; hardness; density
⒋Abstract：Single entry mine tunnel is one of the main mining surfaces. High dust concentration contributes to low quality in its working surface environment. Partial ventilation in the single entry mine tunnel is the major solution for this problem. The quality for this partial ventilation directly affects the production benefit and safety and health of coal miners. This article studies the wind characteristic of different distances from wind exit to mining surface through numerical simulation on the partial ventilation in the single entry mine tunnel. The results show that wind has limited flowing distance applying injected partial ventilation in the mining surface. The distance from the wind exit to the mining surface should be maintained within the effective wind range to guarantee effective ventilation.
Key words: single entry mine tunnel；partial ventilation；numerical simulation；FLUENT
⒌Abstract: This paper introduces the origins, characteristics of waste water out of printing and dyeing industry and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional physico-chemical and biochemical treatment technologies. The classification, mechanism, advantages and drawbacks of the membrane separation technology are described by focusing on the applications and existing problems of the membrane separation technologies such as micro-filtration, ultra-filtration, nano-filtration, reverse osmosis, and double-membrane. We also point out the development direction of the membrane separation technologies for the printing and dyeing wastewater treatment.
Key words: wastewater out of printing and dyeing industry; traditional method; membrane separation technology
⒍Abstract: This paper proposes 3 technical solutions for transforming the ventilation system of a tungsten
mine. Solution 1 is the optimal one after close economic and technological analysis. Ventilation system transformation is suggested to perform on the following aspects: ventilation method selection, ventilation system improvement, major ventilator upgrade and air flow control. Ventilation system transformation methods are summarized to provide evidences for similar practices.
Key words: reformation method of ventilation system; ventilation network; fan reformation
⒎Abstract：The choices of mining methods are of subjective arbitrariness based on experiences. This paper introduces the applications of fuzzy mathematics and membership function on the mining method selection in Dongxiang Copper Mine. Membership matrix is quantitatively and qualitatively concluded by using fuzzy mathematics theory on the based on the mine's ore body occurrence characteristic and years of production experiences. We work out the relative selection matrix of each mining method with binary selection matrix and the weight matrix of each factor. The optimal mining method worked out with quantitative analysis, which is of great economic value, is consistent with the actual mining situation. Key words: mining methods；fuzzy mathematics；membership function；relative selection on matrix
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全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试 英语翻译试题 课程代码：00087 I. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each) A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1. Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.( ) A. 周恩来非常安静，非常体贴，在要求他们坐下，询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有些腼腆。 B. 周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴，在欢迎他们坐下，询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有些害羞。 C. 周恩来非常安静，非常体贴，甚至还有些腼腆，当招呼他们坐下，询问有何见教时。 D.周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴，在招呼他们坐下，询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有些腼腆。 2. I remembered being startled when I first saw my grandmother rocking away on her porch. ( ) A. 我记得当我第一次看到外祖母坐在长廊里的安乐椅里摇动时，感到非常惊讶。 B. 我记得我非常惊讶，当我第一次看到外祖母在长廊里坐在安乐椅里摇动时。 C. 我记得当我第一次看到外祖母在长廊里蹒跚而去时，感到非常惊讶。 D. 我记得当我第一次看到外祖母在长廊里跳摇摆舞时，感到非常惊讶。 3. The Industrial Revolution began with such machines; the millwrights were the engineers of the coming age.( ) A. 工业革命带着这些机械开始了；修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程师。 B. 工业革命带着这些机械开始了；修造磨坊的匠人就是未来时代的工程师。 C. 工业革命就是从这些机械开始的；修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程师。 D. 工业革命就是从这些机械开始的；修造磨坊的匠人就是以后时代的工程师。 4. Driving southward from Cairo into the valley, I entered a landscape that owed little to the present era.( ) A. 从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，我进入了一片还没有受到多少现代影响的景色。 B. 我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色还没有受到多少现代的影响。 C. 我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色和现代没有多少关系。 浙00087# 英语翻译试卷第1页(共6页)
高中英语句子翻译与写作 第1章 时态
第一章时态 历届试题 1．在过去的几年里，这加工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute…for) (S99) 2．尽管有很多困难，我们仍将努力执行我们的计划。(in spite of) (Ss00) 3．小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。(help) (S04) 4．他们的新房子离学校很远。(far) (S07) 5．各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。(add to) (S07) 6．前天我们订购了二十台洗衣机。(order) (Ss07) 7．网球运动在上海越来越流行了。(popular) (S09) 8．尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施救援。(despite) (S09) I. 一般现在时 1．在公共汽车上李先生总是设法匆匆浏览一下报纸的标题。(glance at) 2．一条装有邮件和食物的小船一星期一次航行到那岛上。(go over to) 3．我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) 4．晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟。(wash up) 5．我认为你找到男生宿舍不会有困难的。(have trouble in) 6．不同的国家有不同的问候形式。(form) 7．我们中3／5以上的人喜欢田径运动。(love) 8．大多数学生住在学校附近。(a stone’s throw) 9．有了一台计算机，我们就能更快地做各种各样的工作。(all kinds of) 10．一艘现代化轮船可以在几天内横渡大西洋。(cross) 11．音乐在人类生活中起着重要的作用。(play a … part in) 12．那些孩子中没有一个会演奏乐器。(instrument) 13．他坚持正确的，反对错误的。(persevere) 14．你看起来很累，这音乐将有助于你放松。(relax) 15．缺乏先进的科学技术是一个严重的问题。(1ack) 16．我们用无线电和电视和世界各国人民保持联系。(keep in touch with) 17．巴金全集主要由小说和散文组成。(consist of) 18．那家工厂提供我们各种各样的塑料产品。(provide) 19．每一个人，无论老幼，必须向周围的人学习。(old or young) 20．像英语一样，汉语也有许多谚语。(proverbs) 21．那些学生把大部分零用钱花在书上。(spend) 22．一定有人把我的自行车拿走了，我找不到了。(take) 23．这不仅是我们的卧室，事实上我们什么都在这里干的。(more than) 24．这些年轻人自愿贡献大量时间为老人服务。(volunteer) 25．电脑在科学研究的许多方面替代了人脑。(substitute) 26．我的丈夫和我对音乐有相似的爱好。(similar) 27．有些学生不理解这首诗的含义。(make out) 28．千里之行，始于足下。(start) 29．尽管意见有分歧，他们对维护世界和平有着共同的利益。(in spite of) 30．旅游不仅是一种很好的锻炼形式，也为各国人民之间的文化交流提供了一种重要手段。(in addition to) 31．知识的共享将造福于四面八方的人们。(benefit)