翻译课第二周课件笔记

WEEK 2 TRANSLATION PROCESS Literal & Liberal Translation

I Warm-up Practice

?Most automobile engines are internal combustion(内燃), reciprocating往复式

4-stroke四冲程gasoline汽油engines, but other types have been used, including the diesel煤油and the 2-stroke.

?Homer sometimes nods.

荷马有时也打盹

智者千虑必有一失/人非圣贤孰能无过/人无完人

?Selling refrigerators to the Eskimos is like carrying coals to Newcastle.

carry coal to Newcastle 画蛇添足

向爱斯基摩人推销电冰箱简直是白费力气。

?Chief Executive Donald Tsang曾荫权

Edmund Ho何厚铧

Bruce Lee 李小龙

Jackie Chan成龙

Andy Lau 刘德华

?Any person who in any manner, makes use of or accepts the use of any apparatus,

appliance, facility, privilege, or service whatsoever owned, leased, or operated by the Club, or who engages in any contest, game, function, exercise, competition,

or other activity operated, organized, arranged, or sponsored by the Club, either on or off the club premises, shall do so at his or her own risk, and shall release and hold the Club, CITIC Shanqin Bay Golf Club, their affiliates, operators, governors, Executive Committee, officers, employees, representatives, and agents harmless from any and all loss, cost, claim, injury, damage or liability sustained or incurred by him or her, resulting from encounters with snakes and/or other native wildlife while on Club property.

炒牛河Wet/ Dry-fried rice noodles with sliced beef

芒果冰沙Mango shake

II Translation Process

翻译过程四步走

1. 译前准备

2. 原文理解

3. 译语表达

4. 校对定稿

2.1 译前准备

背景知识准备

翻译目的、译文功能、翻译对象、客户要求……

Translation brief （翻译要求）

Target reader

Translation policy

Internet, books, papers，references……

2.1.1 背景知识准备

杨苡Wuthering Heights《咆哮山庄》《呼啸山庄》

2.1.2 《红楼梦》翻译

杨宪益、戴乃迭（A Dream of Red Mansions ）

戴维.霍克斯David Hawkes （The Story of the Stone）

2.1.3 Internet search

有道

绍兴文理学院数据库

香港律政司数据库

北大法宝

人大法律数据库

Google ENGLISH WEBSITES

Taiwan

UK

HK

2.2 理解阶段

2.2.1 Understand the context

?I never had much in seeing you. There was no love lost between us at any time. 我向来不大想看到你，咱们俩人之间大概什么时候都不曾有过好感。（没有爱可失去）

We grumble a little now and then, to be sure. But there’s no love lost between us.

当然喽，我们有时也免不了争论几句，但是我们还是相亲相爱。（没有失去爱）?Career officers complain about our educational system that presents them with

school-leavers without ideas for employment.

下文（Employers deplore the fact that teenagers are unable to spell and write and calculate. ）

译文一：负责就业的官员抱怨，我们现在的教育制度在向社会提供毕业生时根本

没有就业观念。

译文二：负责就业的官员抱怨，我们现在的教育制度向社会提供的毕业生根本没有就业观念。

2.2.2 Understand words in the context

?The old man informed us that his wife had had thirteen children, one in every

month of the year and one over besides.

老人风趣地（煞有介事地）告诉我们，他的妻子生了13个孩子，如果用一年十二个月一个月一个的话，还多出一个来。

?“死”in Chinese

死、亡、故、卒、逝、殺、毙、殒、崩、薨

亡故、身故、谢世、作古、归天、丧命、暴卒、夭折、羽化、就木、大行、殉情、挺腿、完蛋

回老家、玩儿完、填沟壑、山陵崩

溘然长逝、驾鹤西游、死于非命、玉殒香消、寿终正寝、一命呜呼、粉身碎骨、见马克思……

“死”in Engli sh

Die, expire,

Pass away,

Kick the bucket

Rest in peace

Breathe one’s last

Return to dust

Join the choir invisible

Go to one’s last home

Go to glory

Drop dead

?Sonnet 18 W. Shakespeare

?Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

?Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

?And summer's lease hath all too short a date:

?Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

?And often is his gold complexion dimmed,

And every fair from fair sometime declines,

?By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:

?But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

?Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,

?Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,

?When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,

So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,

?So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

?He was the late president’s alter ego and he is a close and influential friend of the

president to be in office.

昨晚我听到他把猪赶到市场上去了

昨晚我听到他鼾声如雷，（声音就像把猪赶到市场上去一样）。

?and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish

from the earth.

民有、民治、民享之政府当免于凋零（Abraham Lincoln, the Gettysburg Address）

2.2.3 Understand the logic

?…When he was a young f ellow in the sixties.

?There is a definite link between smoking and lung cancer. But this doesn’t make

you too uncomfortable because you are in good company.

2.3 To Express/reproduce

定义：

1.. Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating.

2. Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and main sentence structures or patterns.

直译是指在尽量保持原文语言形式不变的基础上，用地道的译入语准确再现原作

的内容与风格。即在确切表达原文的基础上，注重原文的句子结构。

意译是指按照原文的句子结构翻译，所的译文不符合汉语习惯的情况下，重新组织句子结构，即舍形式而取内容，用贴切的译入语准确传达原作的意义。

直译不等于rigid translation(硬译、死译)

意译不等于over/under translation(翻译过度、翻译不足)

?When I want your opinion, I’ll ask for i t.

直译：当我需要你的意见时，我会问你的。

意译：（因此）请你不要插嘴。

?在《城市之光》这部电影里，卓别林扮演一个工人，经常迟到，一天中午他

上工晚了，工头对他说：You are late for the last time.

直译：这是你最后一次迟到了。

意译：（因为）你被解雇了。

?Consequently Mr. Micawber was soon so overcome that he mingled his tears with

hers and mine. (Dickens: David Copperfield)

董秋斯译: 结果密考伯先生不久就伤感得把他的眼泪和她的和我的混合起来。

张谷若译: 结果是，一会儿米考伯先生也受不了，和她和我，眼泪对流起来了。

?This film is a dramatic treatment of a threatening stoppage in a factory.

硬译：这部影片是个戏剧性的处理，关于一场有威胁性的罢工，在一家工厂里。这部影片是对一家工厂里一次有威胁性的罢工的戏剧性处理

这部影片用戏剧性的手法，表现了一家工厂里的一次罢工。

本片用戏剧性手法，表现了一家工厂面临罢工威胁的情况。

?Among the blind the one-eyed man is king.

山中无老虎，猴子充霸王。vs. 蜀国无大将，廖化充先锋。

?“I bet you can’t spell my name,” says I (George Jaxon)

“I bet you, what you dare I can,” says he.

“All right,” says I, “go ahead.”

“G-e-o-r-g-e J-a-x-o-n——Then now,” says he.

译文：“荞麦的荞，自治的治，清洁的洁，克服的克，孙子的孙——怎麽样，”他说。(张友松，张振先译《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》P.116)

2.4 Finalizing

2.4.1Checking

是否漏译、内容、排版、格式

2.4.2Polishing

Editor, polisher 中式英语之鉴

III Translation Practice

?white elephant无用且累赘之物

Fond dream黄粱美梦

Happy medium中庸之道、折中

Narrow escape九死一生

Proud flesh伤后愈合凸出的疤

?This novel was the beginning of his fame.

这部小说是他的成名作。

?These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient. 早期汽车速度缓慢、身形笨重、且效率低下。

?This wine is nothing more than water.

这哪是酒，分明是水。

?He looks at everything through clouded spectacles.

他带着有色眼镜看事物

?He is a wolf in sheep’s clothes.

他是一只披着羊皮的狼

?天净沙秋思

枯藤老树昏鸦

小桥流水人家

古道西风瘦马

夕阳西下

断肠人在天涯

“Clear Sky Over the Sand” Autumn Thoughts

O'er old trees wreathed with rotten vine fly evening crows ;

'Neath tiny bridge beside a cot a clear stream flows ;

On ancient road in western breeze a lean horse goes.

Westward declines the sun ;

Far, far from home is the heartbroken one.

(元朝马致远,许渊冲译)

?It’s getting more tempting to infringe on copyright when creating

presentations, thanks to many new scanning and duplicating technologies as well as proliferating Web content.

由于新的扫描和复制技术的应用，以及网络内容的传播，在准备报告演示时，人们很难避免对他人著作权的侵害。

?Clouds float like works of art；

Stars shoot with grief at heart.

Across the Milky Way the Cowherd meets the Maid.

When Autumn’s Golden wind embraces Dew of Jades，

All the love scenes on earth，however many，fade.

Their tender love flows like a stream；

This happy date seems but a dream.

Can they bear a separate homeward way?

If love between both sides can last for aye，

Why need they stay together night and day?

鹊桥仙秦观

纤云弄巧，飞星传恨，银汉迢迢暗度。

金风玉露一相逢，便胜却人间无数。

柔情似水，佳期如梦，忍顾鹊桥归路。

两情若是久长时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。

Jay Chow’s Interview—Green Hornet

IV For your Reference

全国翻译资格水平考试网：http://www.catti.net.cn/

大家论坛：http://club.topsage.com/

中国日报：http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/

Washington Post: http://www.washingtonpost.com/

上海市口译证书考试网：http://www.shwyky.net/

北京周报英文版http://www.bjreview.com.cn/

中国国际广播电台http://english.cri.cn/

人民日报英文版http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/home.html