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科技英语被动语态的翻译分析解析

翻译的基本技巧被动语态的翻译

翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法语态转换译法 1 顺译法顺译成被动句顺译成主动句 2 倒译法把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语倒译成汉语的无主句 3 分译法一、顺译法既保留原文的主语，又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1 顺译法 (Translation in Original Order) 1. 1 顺译成被动句 A.译成“被”字所谓“被”字句，就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊，或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者（受事者）是不乐意或不情愿接受的。例1：Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. 【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。例2：Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精，植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏，以备种子未来发芽之需。例3：She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre) 【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的，做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套，跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B. 译成“挨”字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者（受事者）不利或不好的句子。例1：The boy was criticized yesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。例2：I was caught in the downpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C. 译成“给”字句

英语中的被动语态及练习(附答案)

英语中的被动语态及练习 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： Visitors ___________(request) not to touch the exhibits. 2）was/were done 一般过去时 I ___________(give) ten minutes to decide which I should choose. All the preparations ___________ (complete). By the end of last year, another new gym ___________ (complete) in Beijing. A new cinema ___________ (build) here． 6）was/were being done 过去进行时 A meeting ___________ (hold) when I was there. Hundreds of jobs ___________ (lose) if the factory closes. 8）should/would be done 过去将来时 The news ___________ (send) to the soldier's mother. 9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时 The project ___________ (complete) before July. 10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时 He told me that his new clothes ___________ (make) very soon. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 The baby should ___________ (take) good care of by the baby-sitter.

英语被动语态的翻译举例

英语被动句的翻译举例英语被动句翻译为汉语时，应根据具体情况灵活掌握。 1. 用“被”、“由”、“受（到）”、“挨”、“得到”、“给”、“叫……给”、“让……（给）”、 “是……的”、“为……所”、“加以”等译成汉语的被动句。例如： 1）The door was mended by him. 门被他修好了。/ 门叫（让）他给修好了。/ 门是他修的。 2）He was praised（表扬）. But we were criticized（批评；责备）. 3）The machine is used by many people. 这台机器为（被）许多人所使用。 4）The problem must be studied carefully. 这个问题必须仔细加以研究。 2. 借助句中的状语等做主语，译成汉语的主动句。例如： 1）All kinds of drinks are sold in that supermarket. 在那家超市里卖各种各样的饮料。或：那家超市卖各种各样的饮料。 2）Table tennis is played all over China. 中国各地都打乒乓球。 3．按照英语句子的主谓顺序，译成可省“被”字的汉语句。例如： 1）His homework has just been done. 他的家庭作业刚做完。 2）The food has been eaten up. 食物已吃光了。 4．成汉语的无主句。例如： 1）Soon the news was received. 不久就收到了那个消息。也可译为：不久那个消息就收到了。 2）After a while, many people were seen to run out. 过来一会儿，看到许多人跑了出来。 5. 添加“有人”、“人们”、“大家”、“我们”等泛指的主语译成汉语。或译为“据……”。例如： 1）He was seen to take the book. 有人看见他拿走了那本书。 2）Air is known to be a mixture of gases. 人们（大家，我们）都知道空气是一种气体的混合物。 3）She is said to know nothing about it. 据说她对这件事什么也不知道。 4）It is said that …. 据说…… It is well known that …. 大家知道……；众所周知…… It is believed that …. 有人相信…… It will be said that…. 有人（将）会说…… It was reported that…据报道…… 6. 改译成主动句。例如： 1）A new dress was made for me by my mother. 我妈妈给我做了一条新裙子。 2）I was given many nice presents on my birthday. 在我的生日那天，我收到了许多漂亮的礼物。

科技英语翻译--被动语态的译法 (1)

翻译技巧第九节被动语态的译法英汉对比研究表明，英语中被动语态的使用极为普遍，尤其是以科技英语为主。这是英语区别于汉语的显著特点之一。在英语中，大凡为了强调受事，以突出其鲜明位置，而无需提及主动者、无意点明主动者、无从说出主动者，为了上下文的衔接与连贯等等，或是出于礼貌措辞圆通等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁的，往往都采用被动语态。例如：(1)When will we be interviewed? 我们什么时候来参加面试呢? (2)New British and American films are often shown to English major juniors. 常给英语专业的三年级的同学放映新的英美电影。 (3)The happy man cannot be harried. 吉人自有天相。 (4)You are cordially invited to a dinner party to be given at the Workers’ Club in Xidan at 7 P. m. Nov. 23. 谨定于11月23日晚上7时在西单工人俱乐部举行晚宴，敬请光临。 (5)The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to speak French. 这个计划特别受到愿多有机会说法语的人的支持。在英语中，被动结构能给人以间接、客观的印象，因而在科技文献、政论文和新闻报道等文体中使用尤为频繁。相比之下，被动语句在汉语中的使用范围小得多。主要原因在于，在历史上，汉语被动语句主要用来表达对主语来说是如意或不希望发生的事情。现代汉语的这种限制虽然在西方语言的影响下有所动，被动句式有时也用来表达中性甚至希冀之事，但是汉语采用的主要是语义型句式，大多数被动意义并不一定非得通过被动语句来表达，而可以通过形式上主动、语义上被动的句式予以体现。英语和汉语在被动语态使用上存在的这种差异决定了英汉翻译中语态转换的必要性。一、译成汉语的主动句英语被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句包括以下几种不同情况： (一) 原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语在翻译英语被动句时，如果没有必要指出施事者，有时可以按原文语序翻译成汉语主动句，原文的主语仍然充当译文的主语。因此，要把英语译成纯正地道、的汉语，译者往往需要采用“受事主语+谓语动词”的句式。例如： (1)The whole country was armed against foreign invaders in a few days. 几天之内，整个国家就武装起来了，准备抵抗外来侵略者。 (2)The transistors are widely used in communication system. 晶体管广泛用于通讯设备中。 (3)On our domestic stations，events in Iraq were dismissed briefly. 在我们国内电台的广播中，伊拉克事件只轻描淡写地报道了一下。 (4)Water can be changed from a liquid into a gas. 水能从液体变为气体。 (5) The old woman had been stricken with a heart attack earlier in the morning. 清晨，老太太的心脏病发作了。（二）原文中的某一部分在译文中做主语英语中有些被动句译成汉语时，可以将原句中的某个适当的成分转译成主语。经常转译为主语的成分包括一些地点状语或其中的名词以及某些谓语。当然，谓语转译成主语时，谓

高中英语被动语态

Introduction（被动语态） Handout (1) Ⅰ. Multiple choice. 1. These buildings ____ painted this time last year. A. were B. being C. have been D. were being 2. When ____ the composition ____ in? A. must, be handed B. should, handed C. must, hand D. does, handed 3. The suit ____ over $100. It will _____ at least 5 years. A. costs, last B. is cost, is lasted C. costs, is lasted D. is costed, last 4. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet. A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided 5. The boy who ____ cheating in the exam _____ by the head teacher. A. has caught, will be punished B. was caught, will be punished C. caught, is to be punished D. was caught, were punished 6. Great changes _____taken place in the city, and a lot of factories _______. A. have been, have been set up B. have, have been set up C. has, have set up D. were, were set up Ⅱ. Cloze 1. A new library ________________(build) in our city now. 2. We shall _______________ (ask) to attend the meeting. 3. He has worked in the factory since it ___________ (build) 10 years ago. 4. So far, many man-made satellites ______________(send)up into space. 5. The decision has to be ___________(make). 6. Sheep are ___________ (keep) by farmers for __________ (produce) wool and mutton. 7. Outer space ________ (not explore) by people before 1957. 8. Computer science ________________(teach) now almost in all universities and institutes. 9. The first railway in the world ______________ (design) in the last century. 10. Five units of this textbook ________________ (study) by the end of last month. 11. I don't like ________________________（laugh at）in public. 12. Do you have a letter to ____________________ (post)? 13. Visitors _____________________（request ）not to touch the exhibits. 14. The meeting is to ______________________（put off ）till Friday.

英语翻译技巧第八节英语被动语态的翻译

第八节英语被动语态的翻译汉英对比，英语的被动句显然多于汉语，因为英语重视形态（形式），汉语不重视形态，重视语感。如：（1）海水不可斗量。（2）文章总算写好了。说汉语的人自古以来有一种主体思维方式，认为“成事者必在人”，施事者“尽在不言之中”。所以很多被动关系不必一定用“被”字句。一、被动语态的语义价值第一、被动语态有强调受事者，将它置于话题(topic)的主位的语用功能。 1).Peter was robbed to pay Paul. Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul. 他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。(他剜肉补疮。） 2).The happy man cannot be harried. 吉人自有天相。第二、被动语态有承接上句的修辞功能。 3）Many advances in computer technology took place in the twenty years after 1950.They are generally classified into four stages or generations. 第三、被动语态在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬或说话者的谦恭。 4)Where can you be reached?

在什么地方可以找到您？（请问您住在什么地方？） 5)When will I be interviewed? 我什么时候来参加面试呢？第四、被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题持有某种客观态度，因而比较委婉。 6)He is said to be the most respected teacher in our Department. 7)It is suggested that each speaker is alloted five minutes. 建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟。二、被动语态的翻译问题（一）译成汉语主动句 1、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 2、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 3、译成带表语的主动句“…的是…”或“……是……的” 4、常用被动句型的翻译 5、用“在…下”式（主动式动词+介短）（二）译成汉语被动句 1、“被…”或“给…”“让”“叫” 2、“（遭）受…” 3、“为…所” 4、“加以”“予以”“给以”

英语被动语态用法总结(完整)

英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．More than one worker ______ dismissed. A．have been B．are C．has been D．has 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致和语态。句意：不止一个工人被解雇了。如果主语由"many a,more than one ＋单数名词"构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式，故排除A和B，“工人”和“解雇”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选C。 2．________sco res of times, but Derek still couldn’t understand how to use past participle in a concrete situation. A．Having explained B．Having been explained C．Though it was explained D．It was explained 【答案】D 【解析】因为有连词but，前面应是完整的句子，排除A,B; Though不能和but同时使用，所以选D。 3．—Have you heard about that school bus accident? —Yes, fortunately all on board including the driver ________. A．were saved B．was saved C．have saved D．has been saved 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意为：——你有没有听说那起校车事故？——嗯，幸运的是，车上所有的人包括司机都获救了。由题干中的Have you heard...可知，事故发生在过去，且all 为主语，和save逻辑上构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故答案A符合语境。 4．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。

高中英语语法(2)-被动语态

第二章被动语态语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。一、被动语态的构成被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 A. 十种常见时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时主动语态：do 被动语态：amisare done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。 Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗 2. 一般过去时主动语态：did 被动语态：waswere done We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。

The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱？ 3. 一般将来时主动语态：willshall do 被动语态：willshall be done We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。 Will the school sports meeting be held next week？校运动会将在下星期举行吗？ When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？ 4. 一般过去将来时主动语态：would do 被动语态：would be done We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。 We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。 He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。

科技英语中的被动语态

科技英语中的被动语态论文作者：潘爱华摘要: 科技人员在用英语说明情况或讨论问题时, 习惯于多用能够体现客观性的无人称被动句。因此在科技文献中频繁出现被动语态。本文先用将被动语态与主动语态进行对比的方法介绍有关被动语态的基础知识。然后参考和引用一些论述科技问题的例句来具体说明被动语态在科技英语中的应用情况。关键词: 被动语态; 无人称句; 科技英语 Abstract: Scientists prefer to use impersonal passive sentences when they talk or write about their work. After a brief introduction of the fundamentals of passive voice, its application in scientific English will be discussed in this thesis. Key Words: Passive voice; impersonal sentence; scientific English 在科技文章中, 多数句子是无人称被动句,因为科技着作者想要客观地对待事物, 而不强调行为的主体, 所以通常不用“I”、“you” 或“the operator”等作为句子开头。[1](P64) 一、被动语态语态表示句中主语和谓语动词之间的关系。若主语是动作的执行者, 动词用主动语态, 当主语是动作的承受者, 动词要用被动语态。只有及物动词才有被动语态。[2](P178)例如: His father planted this tree.( 主动语态) This tree was planted by his father.( 被动语态) A pump supplies compressed air. ( 主动语态) Compressed air is supplied by a pump. (被动语态) 被动语态由动词be 和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态与主动语态的对应关系、被动语态一般时、进行时和完成时的常用句型, 可用以下各组例句概略说明: They will find it out. It will be found out. We keep the butter here.[3](P263) The butter is kept here. Did she open that letter? Was that letter opened by her? A mechanic is repairing your car. Your can is being repaired by a mechanic. They were painting that house.

科技英语中被动句的译法

科技英语中使用大量的被动语态 Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。 (1) It has been calculated that only 1/10, 000 part of the energy radiated annually form the sun is taken up by plants. 据计算,太阳每年辐射(到地球上)的能量只有0.01%被植物吸收。(植物) ( 2) It was found that one of the culture dishes in which colonies of the bacteria (细菌群体) were growing had been contaminated by a colony of another organism, a mould of penicillin. 结果发现在一个培养液中正在生长的细菌菌落受到另一种菌落的感染,这种菌落就是青霉菌。青霉菌菌落感染了一个正在培养液中生长的细菌菌落。(微生物) (3) The surface of a metal is attacked by various gases in the atmosphere. 金属的表面受到大气中各种气体的侵蚀。(自然现象) (4) Each of the body systems is regulated in some way by some part of the endocrine system(内分泌系统). 人体的每个系统都在某一方面由内分泌的某一腺体进行调节。(生理现象) ( 5 ) Large quantities of fuel are required by modern industry. 现代工业需要大量的燃料。 (6) Nationalized in 1951 by a Labor government, the British steel industry was denationalized by the Conservatives in 1953, then renationalized by Labor in 1967. 1953年,工党政府把英国钢铁工业收为国有。1953年,保守党政府把它退归私营。然后1967年,工党政府又把它国有化。 ( 7 ) The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. (人们)用发电机,可以将机械能再转变成电能。 ( 8 ) A vapour is distinguished from a gas by the property that it can be liquified merely by compressing it, while a gas cannot be liquified without cooling it below a certain critical temperature. 蒸气有别于气体是因为性质不同, 即蒸气仅通过压缩就能液化,而气体则必须冷到一定的临界温度一下才能液化。 (9) The existence of organic chemistry is further justified by the importance of carbon compounds or mixtures in our lives. 有机化学的存在之所以必要,还因为碳的化合物和混合物在我们日常生活中非常重要。 (10) The filament is heated by the application of a voltage. 灯丝因通上电流而发热。 ( 11) Condensation is caused by the passage of a particle through the vapour. 只有微粒通过时,水蒸气才会凝结。

英语中的被动语态

英语中的被动语态摘要:英语中使用被动语态非常广泛。本文分析了被动语态的形式和结构 ,以例子说明在什么情况下需要使用被动语态 ,同时阐述了学习英语被动语态应注意的几个问题。英语中使用被动语态非常广泛 ,在许多汉语中一般都不用被动语态的情况下 ,英语中必须或者最好使用被动语态。如:This computer was used by my father.这台计算机是我爸用过的。如果译成“这台计算机是被我爸用过的” ,那就不符合汉语的表达习惯了。那么 ,究竟在什么情况下使用被动语态呢 ? 在使用的时候又应该注意哪些问题 ? 根据教学经验 ,下面我们举出一些例子 ,帮助英语学习者正确使用被动语态。一、被动语态的形式和结构 1.适用场合：人们在发表自己的发现、发明和意见时 ,在介绍分析、推理、总结的过程时 ,在说明事物的性质、特征、状态、用途、工作原理时 ,总想尽量做到客观、公正 ,有意识地避免使用 I、We ,以免主观、武断和强加于人 ,这时常常用“物” 作主语或者使用 It 作主语 ,谓语使用被动语态。 2.英语被动语态的结构：是由助动词 be加及物动词的过去分词构成 ,其时态是通过 be 的变化形式体现出来的。英语的被动语态常用的时态有:一般现在时is.am.are+done. 一般过去时was.were+done、一般将来时will be +done、过去将来wouild be +done 现在进行时is.am.are+being +done、过去进行时was.were +being+done、现在完成时have/has +been+ done过去完成时had been+done等。Can/must/may/should/shall/will +be +done ought to be done/have/has/to be done,is.are going to be done. 二、在几种情况下需要使用被动语态 1.当我们不知道或者没有必要说明动作执行者是谁的时候(这时都不带由 by引起的短语) ,用被动语态。(1) Such books are writ ten for the teachers.这种书是为教师写的。 (2) The typewriter has not been used for ten years.这台打字机已经有 10 年不用了。 (3) My cellphone was stolen this morning.我的手机今天上午被盗了。 2.动作的承受者是谈话的中心或者特别需要强调的情况下(这时可以带有 by引起的短语) 。 (1) This school is run by him.这间学校是他办的。 (2) The lathe was designed by themselves.这台车床是他们自己设计的。 (3) The TV set has been cleaned.这台电视机擦干净了。 3.在动作执行者不言自明的情况下使用被动语态。 (1) A book of reference in the library must not be taken away.阅览室的图书不准带出。 (2) The mobile phone can not be used in class.课堂上不能使用手机。 (3) The wine is not touched when driving.开车时不要喝酒。 4.在为了委婉、礼貌而不愿或不便说出动作的执行者的情况下 ,使用被动语态。 (1) Enough has been said just now about the question. 关于这个问题 ,刚才谈很多了。 (2) He is expected to study english hard.希望他要努力学习英语。 (3) Y ou are advised to reform and open.建议你们要改革开放。(4)you are welcomed to speak here. 欢迎你来这儿讲话。(5)Everyone is asked to be on time.大家要按时到达。（6）It is said that Edison invented the telepfone. 5.使用被动语态后可以更好地安排句子的情况下 ,使用被动语态。 (1) Principal often speaks to his schoolmates and is always listened to with enthusiasm.校长经常和同学们谈话 ,同学们总是热心地听他讲。如果说“Princ ipal often speaks to his schoolmates and his schoolmates always listen to him with

被动语态翻译练习

被动语态翻译练习 I. 请按照课上学到的方法翻译下列句子： 1. However, care needs to be taken to ensure that this feedback is itself not too loud or distracting. 【译】不过，这里也要小心处理声音的大小，要确保反馈声音的音量不能太大或者产生干扰。 2. A lot of attention was paid to Michael Jordan 's retirement from the National Basketball Association. There were endless television replays of his leaping and twisting shots . 【译】迈克尔·乔丹从美国国家篮球协会退役一事引起了人们的极大关注，他的跳跃和转体跳投的镜头在电视上无休无止地回放着。 3. Proper account should be taken of confidential business information. 【译】对于商业机密的信息，须做适当的考虑。 4. Amazon 's warehouses are stocked with 4.4 million yards of ribbon and 7.8 million sq . ft. of wrapping paper . 【译】亚马逊各地的仓库存放着440万码包装袋，780平方英尺包装纸。 5. These old-style cartoons would not apply today--apart from being present at the birth itself , fathers are encouraged to spend time with the mother and baby , and babies are usually kept with the mother as opposed to being placed in a nursery elsewhere. 【译】这些旧式的漫画如今不适用了，且不说分娩时让父亲们在场，还鼓励她们与母亲和婴儿待在一起，婴儿通常也与母亲在一起，而不是放在别处的婴儿。 6. To provide this global Internet research service , panelists are being recruited worldwide to agree to be monitored by the service , and to provide survey results for businesses which want to target consumers through the Internet . 【译】为了提供这项全球因特网研究服务，公司正在全世界招募研究小组成员，他们需同意接受检测并为那些想通过因特网捕捉消费者的商家提供调查结果。 7. Both technologies are being explored now, but both are still in the beginning stages of development. 【译】两种技术现在都在探索中，但都还处于初步开发阶段。 II. 请翻译下列段落： 1. To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. 【译】要想真正生活得幸福和平安，一个人至少应该有两三种业余爱好，而且必须是真正的爱好。到了晚年才开始说“我要培养这个或那个兴趣”是毫无用处的。这种尝试只会增加精神上的负担。在与自己日常工作无关的领域中，一个人可以获得渊博的知识，但却很难有所收益或得到放松。不能爱哪行才干哪行,要干哪行爱哪行。

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最新英语被动语态用法总结(完整)(1)

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