仲伟合：英语口译教程

第二部分练习篇

Exercise One

Listen to the following texts and then reproduce in the same language at the end of each segment:

Text 1.1

Mr Governor, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my great pleasure to be invited to attend the Guangdong Governor?s International A dvisory Council Meeting.//

I would like to take this opportunity to highlight our report to the Governor and share with you our view on the role of telecommunications and information infrastructure (ICT) in the economic development.//

International experience suggests that Information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and services can have a substantial impact on the competitiveness of firms, nations, and regions. The most important impact of ICT does not come from manufacturing ICT goods, but from investing in and using ICT infrastructure and services.//

According to the ITU, global telecommunications services sales reached US$ 1.1 trillion in 2002, more than three times the value of telecommunications equipment sales of US$335 billion.

The value created by use of telecommunications services is estimated to be far higher than the total services revenue. Thus investment in ICT infrastructure creates value many times that of the investment itself. //

Firm level studies show that ICT investments help firms gain competitiveness through improved efficiency, reduced inventories, better designs, and faster rates of innovation. ICT allows firms to increase the efficiency of their business processes by decreasing procurement and transaction costs, improving accounting and control, enhancing management systems, and streamlining their supply chains.//

Several studies also indicate that ICT is a key driver of productivity and growth. There are several distinctive features of ICT that make them particularly important to national and regional economies, which include the pervasive and cross-cutting nature of ICT, the low or declining marginal costs of using the technologies, the ability to foster efficiency gains through streamlining supply chains, the facilitation of the creation of entirely new business models and industries, and the global nature of ICT.//

All of these characteristics imply that ICT can have an important impact on competitiveness and economic development.//

Text 1.2

主席先生：

我很高兴参加2001’国际投资论坛。我愿意借此机会，向大家介绍一下中国加入WTO 谈判和对外开放的有关情况。//

15 年“复关”和加入WTO 的马拉松谈判到今天应该说已经到了最后阶段。继1999 年11 月中美达成双边协议，2000 年5 月中欧达成双边协议后，中国加入WTO 进程加快，截止2000 年9 月，除墨西哥外，双边谈判已经基本结束。墨方曾多次表示即使不能达成协议，也不会影响中国加入WTO 的进程。//

自2000 年6、7 月起，我国加入WTO 转入多边谈判，中国与WTO 成员就中国加入WTO 的多边法律文件（包括议定书及附件和工作组报告书）进行了磋商，谈判取得了重要进展。//

今年6 月初上海APEC 贸易部长会议期间，我部石广生部长与美国贸易代表佐立克就我国加入WTO 多边谈判的主要遗留问题进行了磋商，并达成了全面共识。接着，石部长又率团赴欧盟与欧盟贸易委员拉米就中国加入WTO 的有关问题进行了建设性的磋商，也达成了全面共识，从而为中国在年内加入WTO 创造了重要条件。//

今年6 月和7 月分别召开的WTO 第16、17 次工作组通过了我加入WTO 的议定书草案和工作组报告书草案的最后案文，下周将举行WTO 工作组第18 次会议，宣布WTO 中国工作组结束工作，将上述文件提交WTO 成员审批后，于11 月送WTO 总理事会或部长级会议通过。//

女士们，先生们，中国加入WTO，意味着中国参与世界经济的进程正在加快，随着这一进程的加快，将会进一步促进中国与世界各国经济贸易关系的发展。//

中国实行的改革开放政策是中国参与世界经济的基本条件。中国经济改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济，这将使中国经济的运行体制与世界经济的运行机制建立在一个共同的基础上，并确保中国参与世界经济的进程不可逆转。中国参与世界经济的进程不仅有利于中国，而且有利于全世界。//

(外经贸部副部长龙永图在2001“国际投资论坛”上的演讲节选)

Exercise Two

Instruction: Listen to the following texts once, then start interpreting at the end of each segment.

Text 2.1

Each of you is a witness to that potential, in what you have learned and achieved here, and in your own hopes for the future. Twenty years ago, almost to the day, President Ronald Reagan spoke at this university and expressed the essence of economic and political freedom. // It is based, he said, on a belief in the dignity of each man, woman, and child. Free institutions, he said, reflect, in appreciation of the special genius of each individual, and of his special right to make his own decisions and lead his own life.//

诸位在这里学业有成，诸位对未来充满憧憬，在座的每一位都是这种潜力的见证。几乎在整整二十年前，里根总统曾到贵校发表演讲，道出了经济和政治自由的真谛，他说，自由的根基在于坚持男女老幼都具有尊严的信念。他还说，自由的制度反映了尊重每一个人特有的聪明才智，尊重每一个人拥有自主自决、自由自在生活的特定权利。

Compared to President Nixon?s, or even President Reagan?s day, many Chinese citizens are now freer to make their own ways in life –to choose careers, to acquire property, and to travel.

And across this land are many millions of young people just like you, with their own abilities and their own expectations of a better life for themselves, their families and their country.// 与尼克松总统访华甚至里根总统访华的时期相比，如今大量中国公民获得了更多的自由，正在开拓自己的生活道路。他们可以选择职业，购置产业和外出旅行。全中国各地有许许多多与诸位一样的年轻人，他们依靠自己的能力，殷切希望他们自己和自己的家人生活蒸蒸日上，期盼国家繁荣昌盛。

On the path of reform that began a quarter-century ago, the Chinese people have make great strides. Over the past twenty-five years, China?s rapid and sustained economic growth has lifted the living standards of many citizens and raised China into the ranks of the world?s largest economies.//

You have reduced poverty, and in recent years, have consistently reported high economic growth rates. This dramatic economic progress shows what is possible when governments leave more decision-making power in the hands of private enterprises and individuals above all, it is a tribute to the Chinese citizens whose talents and daily efforts are making this a vibrant modern economy. //

在始于25 年前的改革道路上，中国人民取得了长足的进展。25 年来，中国经济持续快速增长，提高了许多公民的生活水平，使中国跻身于世界最大经济体的行列。贵国减少了贫困，近年来始终保持高经济增长率。这种种巨大的经济成就表明，政府允许私营企业和个人享有更多的决策权能带来什么样的变化。归根结底，这是对中国公民的一曲颂歌。正是由于中国公民的聪明才智和日复一日的辛勤劳动，中国现代化经济才能如此生机勃勃。

China?s economic success has also come about through far greater integration into the world economy. In the last two decades, your country has emerged as a major exporter of all kinds of manufactured goods, from heavy machinery, to computers, to toys. // China has gained enormously from access to foreign markets. Its development has also been fed by vast inflows of investment capital –over 50 billion dollars last year alone –and by imports of foreign technology, and the ever-increasing quantities of energy and raw materials necessary to sustain growth. // 经济取得的成就也是更大程度融入世界经济的结果。过去20 年来，贵国已经成为各类制造业产品的出口大国，从重型机械、电脑到玩具应有尽有。中国产品进入外国市场，因此获得巨大的利益。中国的发展还因外来投资大量涌入──仅去年一年，外来投资已超过五百亿美元──及吸收外国技术和获得持续增长所需的源源不绝的能源和原材料供应获得动力。

China?s progress is part of a much wider story. So many of the great nations of Asia began the 20th Century ruled by colonial powers, or by dynasty, or bitterly divided by civil strife.

And throughout that century, ideologies of violence and malice took hold in Asia, as they did in Europe, and caused terrible harm and grief. Now the people of Asia are writing a different chapter. Great nations in this region have entered the 21st Century as independent peoples, growing in prosperity and individual freedom. //

中国取得的成就已成为在更大范围内取得进展的组成部份。在进入二十世纪之时，亚洲许多伟大的国家或者处于列强的殖民统治之下，或者仍实行王朝制度，或者因国内冲突而四分五裂。整个二十世纪，主张暴力和仇恨的思潮在亚洲和欧洲泛滥，造成了极大的伤害和痛苦。如今，亚洲人民正谱写截然不同的新篇章，在这个地区，一个个伟大的国家，一批批独

立自主的人民跨入二十一世纪，国家日益繁荣昌盛，个人的自由程度也越来越高。

（2004 年4 月15 日，美国副总统Dick Cheney 在复旦大学的演讲，节选）

Text 2.2.

Party Secretary Zhang, Governor Huang , Ladies and Gentlemen. Good morning. Thank you for inviting BP to contribute once again to the discussions of the Advisory Board.// 张书记、黄省长，女士们、先生们，早上好。感谢你们再次邀请BP 公司参加广东省长国际顾问委员会的讨论。

It has been a fascinating experience for us to be a part of the extraordinary growth and development of Guangdong over the last few years. This is a province that has become a leader in many respects //

过去数年中，BP 公司成为广东经济超高速增长和超常发展中的部分，对此我们深感荣幸。广东是一个在众多领域都居于领先地位的省份：

– leading China in a range of industries, from electronics to plastics, watches to footwear;

– leading the programme of reform and openness to world markets; and

– leading in economic growth, with the Pearl River Delta being the fastest growing part of the fastest growing Province in the fastest growing large economy in the world. // -在从电子到塑胶、从钟表到鞋类的一系列产业中在中国居于领先地位；

-在通向世界市场的改革开放进程中，在中国居于领先地位；

-在经济增长中居于领先地位，而珠江三角洲是全世界增长最快的大型经济体中、增长最快的省份中、增长最快的部分。

So the question now is this. What next for Guangdong? How can we build on this success? Can we recreate the economic miracle of the last two decades in the years ahead? These questions are addressed in a paper which we are presenting to the Advisory Board today.//

因此，我们今天面临的问题是：广东未来迈向何方？如何才能够继往开来？我们能否再创过去20 年的经济奇迹？

We have commissioned the paper from Professor Michael Enright, who is a world authority on competitiveness, and who has spent seven years studying the economy of the Pearl River Delta.//

在我们今天向顾问委员会提交的报告中，对这些问题进行了探讨。该报告是我们委托米高.恩莱特教授完成的。恩莱特教授是一位研究竞争力的世界级权威人士，过去7 年来，他一直在研究珠江三角洲的经济发展状况。

The report describes Guangdong as an economy that has been completely transformed in a little over two decades, but where officials, managers and employees are not satisfied to rest on their laurels and where there is a realization that additional work is needed if the Province is to continue its phenomenal growth.//

该报告认为，广东是一个在20 年稍多一点的时间就完成了彻底转型的经济体，然而，当地的官员、管理人员和雇员们却不满足于已取得的成就，他们认识到，如果广东要继续保持其超常的发展轨迹，就必须付出更多的劳动，必须额外努力。

Two overall messages come through clearly. The first is that some of this additional work needs to be radical in its nature. There comes a point in the growth of any organisation or region when future development cannot be secured simply by …more of the same?. New approaches, new solutions and new thinking are required.//

从总体上看，有两个方面的原则是显而易见的。第一个原则是，这些额外的努力中有一部分必须是根本的变革。广东的发展已经进入一个转折点，在这个关键时刻，任何机构和地区的发展，都不能再机械地依靠“更多的重复过去”来实现。我们需要新的尝试、新的方法和新的思路。

This is the case, for example, when a manufacturing company has reached the limits of its capacity. It has to invest in new plant if it is to continue growing strongly. // This was case for BP a few years ago - our established oil and gas fields had become mature, and we needed to discover new ones in order to maintain strong growth.//Similarly for Guangdong Province. The record has been a proud one, but now new engines of growth are needed for the future.// 例如，当一家制造厂达到其生产能力的极限时，就需要投资建设新的厂房，以便维持快速发展。这也是BP 在几年前遇到的情况——我们原有的油田和天然气田进入开发后期，因而需要开发新的油气田来维持强劲的增长。广东也是如此。毫无疑问，广东过去的成就是辉煌的，但现在需要为未来的增长寻找新的动力。

The second general message is that future growth must be …sustainable?–which means ensuring that Guangdong has the business environment, workforce and external relationships to sustain its prosperity long term. //

第二个原则是，未来的增长必须具备“可持续性”——这意味着广东必须确保其商业环境、劳动力队伍和对外关系有助于维持长期繁荣。

So keeping those two principles in mind, let me pick out some of the main priorities. First, the role of cities. Guangdong is a beneficiary of globalization, and as the globalization writer Saskia Sassen puts it: “The work of globalization goes on in cities.”//

让我们将这两条原则记下，接下来我要谈谈一些需要优先发展的领域。首先，我们要看城市的作用。广东是全球化的受益者，正如全球化研究者萨斯启亚.萨绅所指出：“全球化发生在城市当中”。

Nowhere is that more true than in Guangdong, where people have poured into the major cities over the past two decades. Guangzhou alone is now home to nearly 10 million people. With China?s accession to the WTO and improvement s in agricultural efficiency, many more people are bound to move from the country to the city in the next few years. //

这句话尤其适用于广东。在这片土地上，过去20 年来人们像潮水般涌入大城市。现在的广州已经是近千万人口的家园。随着中国加入WTO 和农村生产效率的提升，未来数年必将有更多人口从农村进入城市。

But cities are not merely dormitories. They are complex social and economic organisms. And if cities are to be engines of growth, they require good planning and high quality services.

For a healthy and motivated workforce, strong public services are required, such as education, health care, housing and transportation. And for competitive enterprises, good business services are required, such as financial, professional and communication services.//

但城市并不仅仅是宿舍。它们更是复杂的社会和经济机体。如果城市要成为经济增长的动力，就需要进行良好的规划和提供高质量的服务。对于一支健康向上的劳工队伍而言，需要城市提供良好的公共服务，如教育、医疗保健、住房和交通。对于有竞争力的企业而言，

需要城市提供良好的商业服务，如金融服务、专业服务和通讯服务。

In Guangdong, we need to ensure that the planning of cities anticipates population growth rather than falling behind it.// In Guangzhou, in particular, such a change is being made, with the movement of factories to the edge of town, the development of residential communities and the redevelopment of the centre. This is a massive undertaking and shows a vision for the cities of tomorrow and serves as a role model for other cities.//

在广东，我们需要确保城市规划超前于人口的增长，而不是落后于人口的增长。对广州而言，这种变化正在发生之中。这里的工厂正向城市的外围搬迁，居民区正被大量开发，市区中心正在二次开发。这既是一个规模宏大的进程，又展现了未来城市的前瞻力，还为其他城市的发展提供了样板。

（（BP 公司执行董事、首席财务官高拜伦博士在广东省长国际咨询会议上的发言2003 年11 月3 日,节选）

Text 2.3

我非常喜欢年轻人，因为年轻人他们蛮开放，而且不会保守，他们代表了我们的未来。//

今年在SARS 爆发期间，我想到了学生们，非常关心他们，然后我又想从他们身上可以得到一些力量，这就是为什麽当时我到了清华大学和他们共进午餐，同时我也到了北京大学和他们交谈，在图书馆里面和他们交谈，在那个时候，你也许感受不到我们所处的气氛，但是就是这些年轻人还是那样的乐观，他们憧憬着美丽的将来。//

他们和我说，人们喜欢说，当树叶出叶的时候，整棵树都是绿的。他们都希望作为树上的叶子，他就问我，总理，这棵大树上你喜欢成为这棵树的哪一部分？我马上就回答说，我也是其中一片叶子，就像你们一样。//

作为一个演讲者，首先听演讲的人要知道他是一个什么人，这样才可以彼此交心。//

I like young people very much. Because young people are always so energetic and they have the least conservative ideas, and they represent the future of our world. And this year during the outbreak of the SARS epidemic, I thought about the students. I cared a lot for them, and I wanted to gain strength from them. So that was why I went to our Tsinghua University to have lunch with them. And also I went to Beijing University and I had a chat with the students in the

library.

At that time probably you could not have imagined what an atmosphere we were in, but I felt that the young people were as hopeful as ever. They always dream about a beautiful future. They pointed to the trees outside the window and said to me, "People like to say that when all the leaves grow, when the tree becomes green all over, this crisis will be over. And they also said that they would all rather be the green leaves themselves, and they asked me, Premier, in this big tree, which part of the tree are you? I immediately replied, "I'm also one of the leaves like you." As the speaker today, of course I think I need to explain myself a little bit to my audience, and I owe you this because in this way we can have a heart-to-heart discussion.

大家知道，我出身在一个教师的家庭，我的童年是在战火中度过的，我没有在座的同学们那样一个美好的童年，在日本侵略者用刺刀把人们赶到广场的时候，我曾经依偎在妈妈身边，後来战火无情的烧掉了我的全家，连我祖父在农村办的那所小学，我的工作大部分时间都是在中国最艰苦的地方度过的。//

因此，我对我的国家，对我的人民，了解的深，爱的深。//

As you know, as you probably know, I'm the son of a schoolteacher. I spent my childhood mostly in the smoke and fire of war. I was not as fortunate as you as a child. When Japanese aggressors drove all the people in my place to the Central Plaza, I had to huddle closely against my mother.

Later on, my whole family and house were all burned up, and even the primary school that my grandpa built himself all went up in flames. In my work life, most of the time I worked in areas under the most harsh conditions in China. Therefore I know my country and my people quite well and I love them so deeply.

（2003 年12 月10 日温家宝总理在美国哈佛大学的演讲“将目光投向中国”，节选）

Text 2.4

各位嘉宾，女士们、先生们：

在美丽的金秋时节，我很高兴能在既古老神秘又充满现代活力的古都西安，迎来参加"2001.中国西部论坛"的各位嘉宾。//

借此机会，我愿意就加入世贸组织后外商投资中国西部的新机遇，向各位嘉宾作一简要介绍，希望进一步促进外商积极参与中国西部大开发，推动广大的西部地区加快经济和社会发展的进程。//

Distinguished guests, Ladies and gentlemen,

In the golden autumn, I am very happy to welcome the distinguished guests to China West Forum 2001 in the ancient capital Xi'an, an age-old and mysterious city full of dynamism the modern era. Taking this opportunity, I would like to brief you on the new opportunities for foreign investment in the west after China joins the WTO. I hope that foreign businesspeople could take part in the development of western regions more actively to advance the economic and social development of the vast western areas.

女士们、先生们：

中国恢复关贸总协定缔约国地位和加入世贸组织已经走过了15 年历程。15

年的沧桑变化，已经深深印在中国人的记忆之中，并且也为每一位关心和支持中国现代化事业的外国朋友所见证。值得欣慰的是，近年来，在有关各方的共同努力下，中国加入世贸组织的进程明显加快//

Ladies and gentlemen,

China has gone through a journey of 15 years in order to first resume the contracting party status in GATT and later to enter the WTO. The twists and turns over the past 15 years have been deeply embedded in the minds of the Chinese people and witnessed by each and every foreign friend who cares for and supports China's cause of modernization. However, it is a comfort to see that China's accession to the WTO has been noticeably accelerated with the concerted efforts of various relevant parties over recent years.

今年5 月和6 月，中国先后同美国、欧盟就中国加入世贸组织多边谈判的遗留问题进行磋商，并达成了全面共识。7 月初和7 月中旬，世贸组织第16 次和第17 次中国工作组会议，结束了中国加入世贸组织的实质性谈判，完成了中国加入世贸组织的议定书、中国工作组报告书等多边法律文件的起草工作。//

我相信，9 月召开的第18 次中国工作组会议，将最终通过中国加入世贸组织的所有法律文件，并将这些法律文件提交世贸组织总理事会审议，从而结束中国工作组的工作。//

如无特别情况，今年11 月在卡塔尔多哈举行的世贸组织第四次部长级会议，将正式通过决议，接纳中国成为世贸组织正式成员。经过15 年的艰辛努力，中国加入世贸组织即将成为现实。//

In May and June this year, China held consultations and reached comprehensive consensus with US and EU on the outstanding issues in the multilateral negotiation of China's WTO accession. In early and mid July, the WTO held the 16th and 17th sessions of the China Working Party Meeting, at which the substantive negotiation on China's WTO entry was concluded with the drafting of the Protocol, Working Party Report and other multilateral legal documents regarding China's WTO accession completed.

I believe at the 18th Working Party Meeting to be convened in September, all the legal documents on China's accession will be eventually adopted and submitted to the WTO General Council for review, thus wrapping up the historic mission of the WTO Working Party on China. Hard endeavor of 15 years is about to turn China's entry to the WTO into a reality.

女士们、先生们：

吸收外商直接投资，是中国对外开放基本国策的重要组成部分。二十多年来，随着改革开放逐步深化，中国吸收外资的规模和质量不断提高。//

截至2001 年7 月底，中国累计批准设立的外商投资企业37. 8 万家，合同外资金额7170.1 亿美元，实际使用外资金额3728.3 亿美元。// 今年以来，外商来华直接投资继续保持良好势头。1-7 月，共批准设立外商投资企业1.4 万家，比去年同期增长18.2%；合同外资金额402.9 亿美元，增长45.8%；实际使用外资金额242.1 亿美元，增长21.7%。// Ladies and gentlemen,

FDI absorption constitutes an important component of China's basic state policy of reform and opening up. As the reform and opening up going into depth over the past two decades

and more, China has been constantly improving its FDI utilization in terms of scale and quality.

As of the end of July 2001, China had cumulatively approved 378,000 foreign funded enterprises with a contractual value of USD 717.01 billion, of which USD 372.83 billion had been actually paid in. China has maintained a good momentum in its FDI attraction since this year. January through July, 14,000 foreign-invested enterprises were approved to establish, 18.2% higher than the corresponding period of last year, the contractual value of foreign investment grew by 45.8% to USD 40.29 billion and the actually utilized value climbed by 21.7% to USD 24.21 billion.

在中国东部地区吸收外资迅速增长的同时，西部地区吸收外资也取得了明显进展。截至2001 年6 月底，西部地区吸收外商直接投资的项目数、合同外资金额和实际使用外资金额，在全国总量中所占比重分别为7.3%、6%和5.3%。今年1-6 月，西部地区新设立外商投资企业742 家，合同外资19.1 亿美元，实际使用外资7.1 亿美元。// 加入世贸组织，是中国社会主义市场经济发展的内在要求，也顺应了世界经济发展的客观趋势，必将为世界各国和地区同中国开展经济贸易合作提供前所未有的机遇。//

While the FDI absorption of the eastern areas is growing at a rapid speed, the western regions have also made obvious headway in its FDI attraction. Up to the end of June 2001, the project number, contractual value and actually utilized value of FDI in the west accounted for 7.3%, 6% and 5.3% of the national total. In the first 6 months of this year, 742 new foreign invested enterprises were set up in the western regions with the contractual value amounting to USD 1.91 billion and actually utilized value, USD 710 million.

Joining the WTO is an inherent requirement of China's development of its socialist market economy which also complies with the objective trend of the world economic progress, and it will bring about unprecedented opportunities to the economic and trade cooperation between China and various countries and regions in the world.

加入世贸组织后，中国将有步骤地开放银行、保险、电信、外贸、内贸、旅游等服务领域，制定统一、规范、透明的投资准入政策，抓紧制定和完善相关涉外法律法规，提高涉外经济工作依法行政水平，建立健全符合国际通行规则和我国国情的对外经济贸易体制。外商来中国投资，参与西部大开发，正面临着新的发展机遇。//

After becoming a member of the WTO, China will open service areas such as banking, insurance, telecommunication, foreign trade, domestic trade, tourism step by step, formulate uniform, standard and transparent investment access policy, intensify efforts to enact and perfect relevant foreign related laws and regulations, improve the level of administration according to law in foreign related economic work, establish and perfect the foreign economic and trade regime consistent with the international prevailing rules and actual situation in China. Foreign business people are facing new development opportunities in making investment in China and participating in the development of western regions.

(中国加入世贸组织后外商投资的新机遇--外经贸部副部长孙振宇在"2001.中国西部论坛"上的演讲节选)

（Speech at China West Forum 2001--SUN Zhenyu, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 节选）

第三单元演讲技巧

第一部分技能篇

口译与笔译的最大区别之一，就在于口译工作者绝非“一切尽在不言中”，而是身处“台前”进行工作。虽然文化派翻译理论认为，即使在笔译中，译者也是“可见”（visible）的，但从工作特点来看，口译员显然更为“可见”。

这种可见性，既使口译工作充满了乐趣，也给译员带来了许多挑战。站在大庭广众之中，于众目睽睽之下开口讲话，本身就不是一件容易的事情。姑且不论翻译的质量如何，译员首先应该是一个出色的讲话人。否则，即便翻译得再出色，也会因为拙劣的音质、节奏或吐词而使听众感到索然无味。显而易见，对于一个成功的口译工作者来说，掌握扎实的演讲技巧是根本要务。

1．熟悉讲话场所，增强演讲效果

为了获得良好的沟通效果，译员在达到工作地点后，一定要先熟悉工作环境。观察发言人所处的房间设施如何，屋顶的高低、窗帘的厚度、房间的面积等都会对音效造成影响。此外，发言人需要对多少观众讲话，是在讲台上发言还是流动讲话，这些问题译员都需要考虑。对于译员本人来说，是站在讲话人身边还是退到舞台一侧，有没有辅助工具（如麦克风），是有支架的麦克风、手持无线麦克风还是便携式无线麦克风，在工作开始前的短暂时间里，应该尽可能充分地掌握情况。特别要注意调试麦克风，以免出现音质有问题或电池电量不够的尴尬场面。

2．综合运用演讲的几大要素

讲话人声音的产生伴随着一系列生理过程——首先是从肺部呼出气流，气流经过喉，振动声带而形成声音；再经过咽、嘴和鼻腔，声音被放大和修饰，最后通过舌、唇、齿和颚等部位形成特定的音。译员在翻译中应注意演讲几个要素的运用，即：音量（volume）、音调（pitch）、节奏（rate）、停顿（pauses）、发音（pronunciation）和吐词（enunciation）。

2.1 音量：讲话人声音的大小和强弱程度。译员切勿大声喊叫，即使是发言人声音过大，也不可受到影响而提高音量。适中的音量即使自己的翻译容易被听众接受，也不会显得信心不足或喧宾夺主。在翻译过程中调节音量是必要的。译员从开始讲话就应注意观察听众表情，特别是最前排和最后排听众的表情。前排听众露出不快的表情或者后排听众露出不解的表情，都是音量不合适的信号。

2.2

音调：声音的高低程度。一般来说，译员在翻译中最好采用中音，因为中音显得沉稳可信，并应注意通过音调的变化让听众感受到友好、温和、诚恳和热情。作为译员，表现出强烈的情感是不合适的，不温不火的音调可以显得自己更加客观。然而，这绝不意味着译员应自始至终使用一种音调，单调不变的音调会是听众感到沉闷，极大地破坏演讲效果。

2.3

节奏：讲话人声音传递时的速度快慢。通常，中文表达速度是每分钟150-180 字，英

文则是120－150 词。虽然译员应该考虑所翻译的内容特点和讲话人的所采用的速度而确定自己翻译传达的节奏，但在平均值上下浮动幅度过大，会造成听众接受信息的额外负担。因此，译员应采用中等速度，而且在重要信息点，如数字、专门用语、人名、头衔等和讲话人特别强调的关键词上将速度适当放慢。在翻译过程中经常调整节奏也十分重要。

2.4

停顿：信息传递过程中的短暂休息。对于译员来说，适当停顿既能够自然大方地创造时间进行思考或修补翻译中的缺陷，又能够为信息表达带来更为出色的效果。马克.吐温在谈到演讲技巧时曾说过，“合适的词语也许有效，但没有任何词语比恰到好处的停顿更有效”。译员应该注意掌握停顿的时间，过长的停顿会让听众认为是译员翻不出来了，从而影响他们对译员的信任；而过短的停顿又起不到什么作用。马克.吐温认为，“对一个听众的停顿要短；两个听众，停顿稍长一点；更多听众，停顿再长一点。

2.5

发音：讲话人所用语言的语音、语调和节拍是否正确。好的译员，首先应在中英双语口头表达上不存在任何障碍，发音起码应该符合所使用语言的规范和标准，避免地方口音的影响。这是译员的基本素质之一，此处不再详述。

2.6

吐词：讲话人能否清晰完整地说出词句。吐词清楚，对于有效传达信息至关重要。放慢讲话速度，是加强吐词的有效方法。同时，由于正式场合的发言不同于对话交谈，它往往要求讲话人将字词发得更加相对完整，字与字（词与词）之间的连读、弱读、吞音等则需要适当减少，更要避免在表达中加入带有个人习惯的不必要表达，如“嗯……”、“这个……”、“就是说……”、“Well…”、“Eh…”、“Yes…”、“OK…”等。

3．保持良好大方的仪态

除了言语表达以外，讲话人的身体语言同样十分重要。译员应考虑以下几个方面：

3.1

穿着。译员的穿着要大方得体，并根据工作的场合调整。在正式的谈判、会议、宴会等场合，译员需要着正装，但无需过于夸张；另外一些较为轻松的场合，如导游、参观、便饭等，可以着比较休闲一些的服装(Business Casual)。如果不肯定如何着装，一定要向组织者询问。重要的是，良好的着装绝不等同于昂贵新潮的品牌服饰，而应是整洁、大方、得体的衣着。

3.2

姿态。站/坐姿要端正得体，身体不能频繁地大幅度摆动。站时双腿不能交叉，坐时不能翘腿或晃腿。工作时应保持高度投入的精神状态。

3.3

手势。作为译员，过多使用手势会给人抢风头的感觉。在非正式的日常工作口译中，译员可以适当在交流中辅以手势；但正式场合时，译员一定要保持端正持重，切忌手舞足蹈。

3.4

眼神。增加与听众的目光交流，可以加强沟通的效果。不过，译员和来自不同国家和文化背景的人接触，应注意不同文化对于目光接触的禁忌。例如：欧美、阿拉伯国家的人在交谈时习惯直视对方的眼睛，而亚洲和非洲一些国家的人交谈时则避免直接目光接触，特别是不同性别、不同身份层次的情况下。如果是正式场合的演讲，译员则应和不同方位的听众进行目光交流，而且目光在某一方位停留的时间应相对延长一些，否则会给人飘忽不定、缺乏自信的印象。

3.5

表情。通过轻松自然的表情，时刻向听众传达友好。即使在翻译过程中有困难出现时，译员也不应该皱眉、瞪眼或流露出其它沮丧、无奈的表情。译员的面部表情需要表现出对听众的善意，也应展现自己对所翻译的话题的兴趣和把握。同时，译员不是演员，夸张做作的面部表情只会适得其反。综上所述，译员作为身居“幕前”的沟通者，应保持整洁大方的仪表，掌握语言表达的技巧，同时做到不卑不亢、谦虚稳重、和蔼可亲。“好的开始是成功的一半”，译员的成功，很大程度上就取决于一开口的那几句话给听众的感觉。

第二部分练习篇

Exercise One

Instruction: A very effective way of practicing your public speaking is to read poems aloud. The following is an excerpt of a poem written by British poet Thomas Hood (1799 –1845). Read the poem aloud and try to make the poem alive by using proper volume, pitch, rate, pauses, pronunciation and enunciation.

I Remember, I Remember

by Thomas Hood

I remember, I remember

The house where I was born,

The little window where the sun

Came peeping in at morn;

He never came a wink too soon,

Nor brought too long a day,

But now I often with the night

Had borne my breath away!

I remember, I remember

The roses red and white,

The violets, and the lily-cups,

Those flowers made of light!

The lilacs where the robin built,

And where my brother set

The laburnum on his birthday, --

The tree is living yet

I remember, I remember,

Where I was used to swing,

And thought the air must rush as fresh

To swallows on the wing;

My spirit flew in feathers then,

That is so heavy now,

And summer pools could hardly cool

The fever on my brow!

I remember, I remember,

The fir trees dark and high;

I used to think their slender tops

Were close against the sky:

It was a childish ignorance,

But now 'tis little joy

To know I'm farther off from heaven

Than when I was a boy.

Exercise Two

Instruction: Work in pairs. Choose one of the topics below and give a three-minute speech to each other. Observe each other?s performance and make notes of how each of the six factors of public speaking is handled.

Topic 1: The Greatest Invention in My Eye

Topic 2: Man and the Internet

Topic 3: The Role of English in the 21st Century China

Exercise Three

Instruction: Listen to the following texts once, and then start interpreting at the end of each segment.

Text 3.1. In Search of Better Understanding between the US and China

I want to thank the students for giving me the chance to meet with you, the chance to talk a little bit about my country and answer some of your questions. The standards and reputation of this university are known around the world, and I know what an achievement it is to be here. So, congratulations.//

I don't know if you know this or not, but my wife and I have two daughters who are in college, just like you. One goes to the University of Texas. One goes to Yale. They're twins. And we are proud of our daughters, just like I'm sure your parents are proud of you.//

我感谢在座的各位同学给我这个机会跟大家见面谈一谈我自己的国家，并且回答大家的一些问题。清华大学的治学标准和声望闻名于世，我也知道能考入这所大学也是一个成就，

祝贺你们。//

我不知道大家是不是知道这一点，我和我的太太有两个女儿，她们像你们一样正在上大学，有一个女儿上的是得州大学，有一个女儿上的是耶鲁大学。她们是双胞胎。我对我们的两个女儿倍感骄傲，我想你们的父母对你们的成就同样也是引以为荣的。//

My visit to China comes on an important anniversary, as the Vice President mentioned. Thirty years ago this week, an American President arrived in China on a trip designed to end decades of estrangement and confront centuries of suspicion.// President Richard Nixon showed the world that two vastly different governments could meet on the grounds of common interest, in the spirit of mutual respect. As they left the airport that day, Premier Zhou Enlai said this to President Nixon: "Your handshake came over the vastest ocean in the world-- 25 years of no communication." During the 30 years since, America and China have exchanged many handshakes of friendship and commerce. //

我这次访华恰逢重要的周年纪念日，副主席刚才也谈到了。30 年前的这一周，一位美国总统来到中国，他的访华之旅目的是为了结束两国长达数十年的隔阂和数百年的相互猜疑。//尼克松总统向世界显示了两个迥然不同的政府能够本着相互的利益、相互的尊重来到一起。那天他们离开机场的时候，周恩来总理对尼克松总统说了这样一番话，他说你与我的握手越过了世界上最辽阔的海洋，这个海洋就是互不交往的25 年。自那时以来，美国和中国已经握过多次的友谊之手和商业之手。//

And as we have had more contact with each other, the citizens of both countries have gradually learned more about each other. And that's important. Once America knew China only by its history as a great and enduring civilization. Today, we see a China that is still defined by noble traditions of family, scholarship, and honor. //And we see a China that is becoming one of the most dynamic and creative societies in the world -- as demonstrated by the knowledge and potential right here in this room. China is on a rising path, and America welcomes the emergence of a strong and peaceful and prosperous China.//

随着我们两国间接触日益频繁，我们两国的国民也逐渐加深了对彼此的了解，这是非常非常重要的。曾经一度美国人只知道中国是历史悠久的、伟大的国家，今天我们仍然看到中国奉行着重视家庭、学业和荣誉的优良传统。//同时，我们也看到中国也日益成为世界上最富有活力和创造力的国家之一，这一点最佳的验证是在坐诸位所具有的知识和潜力。中国正走在一个兴起的道路上，而美国欢迎强大、和平与繁荣的中国出现。//

（美国总统GeorgeW. Bush 2002 年2 月22 日在北京清华大学的演讲，节选）

Key Words:

anniversary: 周年纪念

estrangement: 疏远

enduring civilization: 持久的文明

Text 3.2 Proposed Cultural Events for the 2008 Olympic Games

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen, Good afternoon! Before I introduce our cultural programmes, I want to tell you one th ing first about 2008. You?re going to have a great time in

Beijing.//

主席先生，女士们，先生好，下午好！在向各位介绍我们的文化安排之前，我想先告诉大家，你们2008 年将在北京度过愉快的时光！//

There are a lot of wonderful and exciting things waiting for you in New Beijing, a dynamic modern metropolis with 3000 years of cultural treasures woven into the urban tapestry. Along with the iconic imagery of the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven and the Great Wall, the city offers an endless mixture of theatres, museums, discos, all kinds of restaurants and shopping malls that will amaze and delight you.//

北京是一座充满活力的现代都市，三千年的历史文化与都市的繁荣相呼应。这里有众多的文化宝藏等待着你们去挖掘。除了紫禁城，天坛和万里长城这几个标志性的建筑，北京拥有无数的戏院、博物馆，各种各样的餐厅和歌舞场所，这一切的一切都会令您感到惊奇和高兴。//

But beyond that, it is a place of millions of friendly people who love to meet people from around the world. People of Beijing believe that the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing will help to enhance the harmony between our culture and the diverse cultures of the world. Their gratitude will pour out in open expressions of affection for you and the great Movement that you guide.// 除此之外，北京城里还有千千万万友善的人民，热爱与世界各地人民相处。北京人民相信，在北京举办2008 年奥运会，将推动我们文化和全世界文化的交流。他们将向您和您所领导的奥林匹克运动表达奥运会的感激之情。//

Within our cultural programmes, education and communication will receive the highest priority. We seek to create an intellectual and sporting legacy by broadening the understanding of the Olympic Ideas throughout the country. Cultural events will unfold each year, from 2005 to 2008.// We will stage multi-disciplined cultural programmes, such as concerts, exhibitions, art competitions and camps which will involve young people from around the world. During the Olympics, they will be staged in the Olympic Village and the city for the benefit of the athletes. Our ceremonies will give China?s greatest –and the world?s greatest artists a stage for celebrating the common aspirations of humanity and the unique heritage of our culture and the Olympic Movement.//

在我们的文化计划当中，教育和交流将是我们的重中之重，我们希望借助在全国推广对奥林匹克信念的理解，创造一笔文化和体育财富。从2005 年到2008 年我们每年定期举办文化活动。//我们开展多元文化活动，如音乐会、展览、艺术竞赛和文化营，吸引全世界青少年参与。在奥运会期间，这些文化活动同时在奥运村和全市范围内展开，以方便运动员的参加。我们的开闭幕式，将提供中国和世界杰出艺术家参与的舞台，讴歌人类的共同愿望、我们独特的文化遗产和奥林匹克运动。//

With a concept inspired by the famed Silk Road, our Torch Relay will break new ground, traveling from Olympia through some of the oldest civilizations known to man –Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Byzantine, Mesopotamian, Persian, Arabian, Indian and Chinese.//

Carrying the message “Share the Peace, Share the Olympics”, the eternal flame will reach new heights as it crosses the Himalayas over the world?s highest summit –Mount Qomolangma,

which is known to many of you as Mt. Everest.//

In China, the flame will pass through Tibet, cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, travel the Great Wall and visit Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and the 56 ethnic communities who make up our society. On its journey, the flame will be seen by the inspire more human beings than any previous relay.//

基于丝绸之路带来的灵感，我们的火炬接力将途经人类可知的最古老文明——希腊、埃及、罗马、拜占庭，美索布达米亚，波斯印度和中国。//

以“共享和平，共享奥运”为主题，奥运永恒不熄的火炬，将跨越世界最高峰，珠穆朗玛峰，从而达到一个最高的高度。//

在中国，奥运圣火将通过西藏穿过长江和黄河，踏上长城，途经香港、澳门、台湾并在组成我们国家的56 个民族中传递。通过这样的路线，我们保证比以往任何一次接力数量都多的人民目睹火炬。//

Seven hundred years ago, amazed by his incredible descriptions of a far away land of great beauty, people asked Marco Polo whether his stories about China were true. He answered, what I have told you was not even half of what I saw. Actually, what we have shown you here today is only a fraction of Beijing that awaits you.//

Ladies and Gentlemen, I believe that Beijing will prove to be a land of wonder to athletes, spectators and the worldwide television audience alike.

Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you all!//

700 年前，马可波罗曾经对一片遥远的美丽国度有过令人难以置信的描述。人们在惊奇之余问马可波罗，你有关中国的描述是真的吗？马可波罗回答：我向你们描述的还不到我所见到的一半。实际上，我们今天向大家展示的，也只不过是北京的一个部分而已。// 女士们，先生们，我相信北京和中国将向运动员、观众和全世界的电视观众证明，这是一块神奇的土地。

谢谢主席先生，谢谢大家！//

（2001 年7 月13 日国际奥委会第112 次全体大会，中国申奥形象大使杨澜的陈述，节选）

KeyWords:

modern metropolis: 现代化大都市

urban tapestry: 城市风貌

iconic imagery: 标志性形象

the Forbidden City: 紫禁城

the Temple of Heaven: 天坛

legacy: 遗产

multi-disciplined cultural programmes: 多元文化活动

common aspirations: 共同愿望

Torch Relay: 火炬接力

Byzantine: 拜占庭的

Mesopotamian: 美索不达米亚的

Persian: 波斯的

eternal:不朽的

Mount Qomolangma/Mount Everest: 珠穆朗玛峰

Text 3.3 经济全球化中的国际合作

福克斯总统阁下，各位同事：

一年前，亚太经合组织第九次领导人非正式会议在上海黄埔江畔举行，当时的情景至今仍历历在目。今天，我们相聚在太平洋彼岸风景秀丽的洛斯卡沃斯，共商亚太经济合作大计。老朋友见面，感到十分高兴。借此机会，我对福克斯总统的盛情邀请和墨西哥政府的精心安排，表示衷心的感谢。//

Your Excellency President Fox, Dear Colleagues,

Today, as we meet at the picturesque Los Cabos on this side of the Pacific to discuss important plans of economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, my memory of our last Economic Leaders?Meeting by the Huangpu River in Shanghai remains vividly fresh. What a great joy to be reunited with old friends! Let me take this opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks to you, Mr. President, for your gracious invitation and to the Government of Mexico for its meticulous arrangements.//

一年来，经济全球化趋势继续发展，科技进步日新月异，给各国带来了新的发展机遇。同时，全球经济发展中的不确定因素增加，包括有关亚太经合组织成员在内的一些国家和地区，在经济发展过程中面临新的挑战。//贸易保护主义又有抬头，实现自由、公平和公正的贸易仍任重道远。反对恐怖主义的斗争艰巨复杂，非传统安全因素有所增加。我们这个世界还很不安宁。//

With economic globalization surging forward and science and technology making dazzling progress with each passing day, countries have been presented with new opportunities of development in the past year. At the same time, however, the increased uncertainties in world economic development have posed new challenges to the economies of many countries and regions, APEC members included.// Trade protectionism is on the rise, making it still harder to achieve free, fair and equitable trade. Non-traditional security threats have increased, as struggles against terrorism remain both arduous and complicated. The world we live in is hardly a tranquil place.//

尽管国际社会还面临这样那样的问题，将来也还可能出现这样那样意想不到的问题，但和平与发展的时代潮流不可逆转，各国人民追求美好生活的愿望没有改变。//各国人民都盼望世界能保持长期的和平与稳定，都向往实现普遍繁荣和可持续发展。保持世界和平，促进共同发展，需要各国政治家顺应人民的意愿拿出推动历史前进的胆识与勇气，需要国际大家庭加强协调与合作。//亚太经合组织应一如既往，顺应时代潮流，发挥自身优势，开展广泛合作。//

Despite the host of problems facing the international community and more that will still crop up unexpectedly in the future, the tide of history in favor of peace and development cannot be

reversed, nor will the people of all lands change their yearning for a better life.// Wherever they live, people want lasting peace and stability in the world, a world that enjoys universal prosperity and sustainable development. If world peace and common development are to be secured, it is necessary for statesmen of all countries to display vision and courage needed to move history forward in response to the will of the people. It is also necessary for the family of nations to step up coordination and cooperation.// The APEC community should, as always, conform to the trend of the times, give full play to its advantages and go in for extensive cooperation.//

（2002 年10 月27 日APEC 第十次领导人非正式会议，中华人民共和国主席江泽民的演讲，节选）

Key Words:

黄浦江：Huangpu River

风景秀丽的：picturesque

洛斯卡沃斯：Los Cabos

日新月异：make dazzling progress with each passing day

贸易保护主义：trade protectionism

非传统安全因素：non-traditional security threats

不可逆转：cannot be reversed

顺应时代潮流：conform to the trend of the times

Text 3.4 广州申办亚运会

广州自古以来就是一座开放的城市。早在一千多年前，我们的祖先就通过“海上丝绸之路”，与亚洲和世界各国建立了密切友好往来。目前，广州已经与菲律宾的马尼拉，韩国的光州等13

座外国城市结成友好城市。//我们每天接待数以万计来自世界各地的官员、客商和旅游者；成千上万来自不同国家和地区、有不同文化、不同宗教背景的外国友人在广州长期创业发展和生活居住，和睦共处。//

Guangzhou has been an open city since ancient times. As early as a thousand years ago, our ancestors established close and friendly relations with many countries in Asia and other parts of the world via the Marine Silk Road. Currently we have 13 sister cities across the world, including Manila of the Philippines and Kwangju of South Korea.// Every day we receive thousands of tourists, merchants and officials from around the globe. Thousands of foreign nationals have come to live and work happily here among the local people, enriching the cultural fabric of Guangzhou with their own contribution.//

广州的发展，除了全国的支持与我们自身的努力外，离不开世界各国特别是亚洲各国、各地区的关心和支持。//我们真诚地希望，通过主办2010 年亚运会，与朋友们共同分享我们的发展成果，推动亚洲奥林匹克体育事业发展，增进亚洲各国人民的友谊和交流合作，促进亚洲经济繁荣和社会文明进步。//

Guangzhou has become a dynamic city through our own effort. But we acknowledge our

debt to the kindness and support from our friends in foreign countries and regions, especially those in Asia.// We sincerely hope through hosting the 2010 Asian Games, we can share what we have accomplished with our friends. We will promote the Olympic ideals in Asia, strengthen the contacts and cooperation among the Asian nations and accelerate the economic development and social progress on this continent.//

承办亚运会，是广州人民的夙愿。它将全面促进我们社会经济发展和社会福利的提高。在此，我郑重重申：广州市政府将充分遵守《亚奥理事会章程和规则》及其关于亚运会的所有原则和规定，全面履行《申办报告》、《主办城市合同》所确定的各项义务，认真履行广州亚申委所做出的各项承诺。//

It has been a long-cherished dream of the citizens of Guangzhou to host an Asian Games, as such an occasion will help t o enhance China?s overall economic development and improve our social welfare. I hereby solemnly declare that the government of Guangzhou will abide by The OCA Constitution and Rules and all other principles and rules relating to the Asian Games. We shall carry out to the letter the obligations set down in the Candidature File and the Host City Contract, and honor all promises made by the Guangzhou Asian Games Bid Committee.//

请相信，广州有足够的信心和能力把2010 年亚运会办成祥和、绿色、文明的体育盛会！你们对广州的神圣选择，将书写亚运会历史上最辉煌、最具特色的一页。// 祝各位在广州期间工作顺利，生活愉快！谢谢！//

Respected delegates, you can rest assured that the people of Guangzhou have the confidence and ability to make the 2010 Asian Games a grand athletic event, wholesome and exciting, green and clean. Your vote for Guangzhou will amount to writing a glorious and unique page in the history of the Asian Games.// Your Excellencies, I hope you will enjoy your work and stay in Guangzhou. Thank you all.//

（2004 年4 月15 日亚奥理事会申亚评估团广州考察，广州市市长张广宁的欢迎词，节选）

Key Words:

海上丝绸之路：Marine Silk Road

光州：Kwangju

友好城市：sister cities

夙愿：long-cherished dream

《亚奥理事会章程和规则》：The OCA Constitution and Rules

《申办报告》：Candidature File

《主办城市合同》：Host City Contract

广州亚申委：Guangzhou Asian Games Bid Committee

祥和、绿色、文明：wholesome and exciting, green and clean

第四单元口译笔记技巧（I）

第一部分技能篇

1.1 口译笔记的重要性

正式谈判和会议等场合的连续传译，其成败很大程度上取决于记录的好坏。连续传译是在讲话人完成全文或一个完整的意思之后，再把原文译给听众。一个要把一篇讲话（可能持续几分钟或几十分钟）完整地记住，是非常困难的，很少有能做到这一点。有时一段话可能延续几分钟，并且常常会出现数字、人名和地名等，要准确、完整和快捷地转达发言人的意思，只靠口译员大脑的记忆是不够的。因此与其他口译技巧相比，作口译笔记是连续传译中最基本的技巧。如果记录方法掌握得好，能运用自如，又能临场发挥，所作的记录甚至可以在一定程度上弥补其他技巧方面的不足。

1.2 口译笔记的特点

1.2.1 与课堂笔记的区别

a．目的不同

学生对课堂笔记或讲座的笔记方法都是非常熟悉的。学生听课时，往往把老师所讲的主要内容记录下来，特别是教科书当中没有的内容，甚至是一些例句，其主要目的是便于课后复习、巩固，便于举一反三。对于某些学生来说，恐怕是为了应付考试。

而口译中所作的记录是为了记录讲话的概况，保证口译的顺利进行，但并非一定要照读记录，有时可以略看上一眼；有些内容较熟悉，也可不看，甚至还有可能完全不看。

b．时效性不同

由于两种笔记目的的不同，因此口译记录与课堂笔记从所需时间看也大不一样，课堂笔记保留的时间通常较长，为了日后加以巩固，课堂笔记应详细、清楚，口译笔记仅仅是为了当场使用，无需一年以后，一个月以后，一天以后，甚至一小时以后再去查阅翻译记录，由于刚刚听过讲话，对其内容还有较深刻的印象，所以可不必要全文记下来，只要作简单记号，达到提示的目的即可。口译工作一经结束，这些记录也就失去了使用价值。

c．方法不同

由于目的和时效性不同，口译记录与一般课堂笔记或会议记录的方法也完全不同，口译笔记往往只记几个重点词，且用上一些只有本人能明白的符号、箭头等，其他笔记往往比较详细，如课堂上，当老师讲某个单词的用法时，常会举例，而且老师往往会重复例句，让学生有时间写上完整的句子，以便课后温故。

另外，学生记课堂笔记即使记得不全，还能在课外与同学核对，或甚至抄别人的，而口译笔记应该字字句句有一定的含义，非常清楚、明白，能一目几行，便于即席翻译的顺利进行。

以下面一段中文发言为例：

第三产业已成为外商在穗投资的新热点。去年，新批第三产业项目1037 个，吸收外资44.4 亿美元，外商投资已从工业扩大到金融、保险、房地产、商业、娱乐、教育和保健等领域。

仲伟合《英语口译教程(上)》学习辅导书-第10~15章【圣才出品】

第10单元语篇分析 10.1 复习笔记 一、衔接 1. 英语语篇特点 英语语篇可以看作是一个句子之间相互衔接、文内意思相互连贯的一个有机整体，它表现为句子间既有外显（Ostensive）的粘合性，也有内部语义和功能的内聚性、互参性。在西方语篇研究中，前者通常被称为“衔接”，后者称为“连贯”。 2. 衔接的四种途径 照应（Reference）、省略和替代（Ellipsis and Substitution）、连接词语（Conjunction）和词汇衔接（Lexical Cohesion）。 3. 英汉衔接词一统处理 译者应该充分认识源语和译语在衔接方式上的异同，尊重和顺应译语语篇衔接规范，将源语语篇的衔接关系异曲同工地复制出来。译员有时会根据英汉的差异减少一些原英语中的衔接性词语。减去这些衔接词语没有改变全文的语义，且同样清楚地显示出了上下文之间的关系，也更符合汉语的行文习惯。 例如： A second aspect of technology transfer concentrates on US high technology exports. China has correctly complained in the past that the US was unnecessarily restrictive in limiting technology sales to China. Recently some liberalization has taken place and[1] major increases in technology transfers have taken place as the

口译基础教程对话练习答案 仲伟合

Unit 1 李颖：We are going to ascend the great wall tomorrow morning. So I’d like to go to bed early and have a good sleep this evening. You know climbing the great wall is not an easy job. 明天早上我们计划去爬长城，所以我想今晚早点休息，好好睡一觉。你知道爬长城可不是一件简单的事情。 Jack: Great. The Great Wall is very famous and becomes a must for tourist in Beijing. Would you tell me something about it? 好啊。长城那么有名，是游客来北京必去的景点。你能和我说一说长城么？ 李颖：OK. The construction of the great wall took altogether over 2000years.it started in the Zhou dynasty in the 7th century. B.C. And continued until Ming Dynasty in the 15th century A.D. The existing wall was built in the Ming Dynasty. 好。长城的整个建筑过程持续了总共两千多年，始于公元七世纪的周朝，后来一直延续到公元后十五世纪的明朝。现存的城墙都是明朝修建的。 Jack: The Great Wall is indeed the crystallization of the industry and wisdom of the Chinese people and also a symbol of ancient Chinese culture. Then why the ancient people built the wall? 长城的确是中国人民勤劳智慧的结晶，同时也是中国古代文化的象征.那么为什么古代人民要修建长城呢？ 李颖：It was constructed to guard against the invasion by nomadic tribes from the north. When enemy troops approached, guards on watch would send smoke signals from the beacon-fire towers as an alarm. 修建长城是为了抵御来自北方游牧民族的入侵。敌军逼近时，放哨的警卫就会在烽火台上发送烟雾信号作为警报。 Jack: How did they manage to do so? Can you be more specific? 他们怎么发送烟雾信号作为警报呢？你能说的具体点么？ 李颖：Those towers on the wall are spaced at equal distances from each other. When guards in a tower saw the signals from its neighbor, they immediately did the same thing .In this way; the signals would be relayed to the capital. 长城上的烽火台是均匀分布的。如果烽火台上的警卫看到相邻烽火台上发出的信号，他们就会立刻跟着发出信号。这样一个接一个信号就传到了都城。 Jack: what the smart idea the ancient people had! I was told that in china. People usually call the Great Wall “Ten Thousand Li Long Wall”. Does it really mean that long? 古代人民的想法真是巧妙啊！我听说在中国人们通常把长城称作“万里长城”。真的有那么长么？ 李颖：Yes, exactly. It runs all the way across the eastern half of china with a length of about 6 000 kilometers. 是的，正是这样。长城绵延约6 000公里，穿越了中国的东半部。 Jack: 6 000 kilometers! It is unbelievable. 6 000公里！难以置信。 李颖：The Great Wall is said to be the only building on the earth that can be seen from the outer space. 据说万里长城是从外太空可以看到的地球上唯一的建筑。

(完整word版)口译基础教程对话练习答案--仲伟合

Unit 1 ?李颖：We are going to ascend the great wall tomorrow morning. So I’d like to go to bed early and have a good sleep this evening. You know climbing the great wall is not an easy job. ?明天早上我们计划去爬长城，所以我想今晚早点休息，好好睡一觉。你知道爬长城可不是一件简单的事情。 ?Jack: Great. The Great Wall is very famous and becomes a must for tourist in Beijing. Would you tell me something about it? ?好啊。长城那么有名，是游客来北京必去的景点。你能和我说一说长城么？ ?李颖：OK. The construction of the great wall took altogether over 2000years.it started in the Zhou dynasty in the 7th century. B.C. And continued until Ming Dynasty in the 15th century A.D. The existing wall was built in the Ming Dynasty. ?好。长城的整个建筑过程持续了总共两千多年，始于公元七世纪的周朝，后来一直延续到公元后十五世纪的明朝。现存的城墙都是明朝修建的。 ?Jack: The Great Wall is indeed the crystallization of the industry and wisdom of the Chinese people and also a symbol of ancient Chinese culture. Then why the ancient people built the wall? ?长城的确是中国人民勤劳智慧的结晶，同时也是中国古代文化的象征.那么为什么古代人民要修建长城呢？ ?李颖：It was constructed to guard against the invasion by nomadic tribes from the north. When enemy troops approached, guards on watch would send smoke signals from the beacon-fire towers as an alarm. ?修建长城是为了抵御来自北方游牧民族的入侵。敌军逼近时，放哨的警卫就会在烽火台上发送烟雾信号作为警报。 ?Jack: How did they manage to do so? Can you be more specific? ?他们怎么发送烟雾信号作为警报呢？你能说的具体点么？ ?李颖：Those towers on the wall are spaced at equal distances from each other. When guards in a tower saw the signals from its neighbor, they immediately did the same thing .In this way; the signals would be relayed to the capital. ?长城上的烽火台是均匀分布的。如果烽火台上的警卫看到相邻烽火台上发出的信号，他们就会立刻跟着发出信号。这样一个接一个信号就传到了都城。 ?Jack: what the smart idea the ancient people had! I was told that in china. People usually call the Great Wall “Ten Thousand Li Long Wall”. Does it really mean that long? ?古代人民的想法真是巧妙啊！我听说在中国人们通常把长城称作“万里长城”。真的有那么长么？ ?李颖：Yes, exactly. It runs all the way across the eastern half of china with a length of about 6 000 kilometers. 是的，正是这样。长城绵延约6 000公里，穿越了中国的东半部。 ?Jack: 6 000 kilometers! It is unbelievable. 6 000公里！难以置信。 ?李颖：The Great Wall is said to be the only building on the earth that can be seen from the outer space. 据说万里长城是从外太空可以看到的地球上唯一的建筑。

英汉同声传译技巧与训练(仲伟合)

英汉同声传译技巧与训练 广东外语外贸大学副校长、高级翻译学院首任院长仲伟合 1、同声传译的概念 口译按工作方式分为连续(consecutive interpreting,又叫交替传译、逐步传译)和同声传译(simultaneous interpreting)。同声传译因为与发言人同步进行翻译，无须占用会议时间而受到了会议组织者的欢迎，二次世界大战之后，流行于许多国际组织。所谓同声传译指的是用一种语言（译入语）把另外一种语言（原语）所表达的思想内容，以与原语发言人几乎相同的速度，用口头形式表达出来的一种翻译方式。近年来，世界很多地方称这种翻译为“会议传译”(conference interpreting)。在大多数情况下，同声传译是通过会议设备来完成的。译员坐在特制的口译箱里，通过耳机接听发言人的讲话内容，随即通过麦克风把原语发言人的讲话内容用译人语传达给大会的听众，听众则利用耳机选择所需要的语言频道，接受翻译服务。 与交替传译相比，同声传译具有以下优点：(1)在同声传译中，发言与翻译同时进行，不占用会议时间；(2)同声传译可以利用电子设备，在同一时间内对多种语言同时进行翻译。(3)在大型国际会议中，译员有时可以事先得到发言稿件，早做准备，提高翻译的准确率。因此，现在国际上的会议，百分之九十都是采用同声传译的方式进行。 同声传译又可分为以下几种情况：(1)常规同传：在翻译中，译员没有稿件，靠耳听、心想、口译来在同一时间内完成同声传译工作。(2)视译：译员拿到讲话人的书面讲话稿，一边听讲话人的讲话、一边看稿、一边口译。(3)耳语传译：不需要使用同传设备。译员一边听讲话人的发言，一边与会代表耳边进行传译。 (4)同声传读：译员拿到书面译文，边听发言人念稿，边宣读译文。同声传读需要注意发言人在宣读论文过程中增加及减少的内容，有时发言人也可能会突然脱稿进行发言。 2、同声传译的工作程序 同声传译的工作程序可能简单表示为：也就是原语发言人在会议厅主席台（或会场）对着麦克风发言，同传译员则坐在特制的口译箱里通过耳机接听原语信息，同时用目的语言准确传达原语信息，通过麦克风把信息传达出去。面听众则通过耳机接收翻译内容。在上述同声传译程序中，以下几个方面对同声传译的质量会带来影响：(1)发言人：信息发出者。其讲话内容、发言速度、言语逻辑、讲话口音等都对同声传译员对原语的理解带来影响，进而影响整个翻译质量； (2)同传译员：同传译员是翻译成败的关键。同传译员在工作中要做到“一心多用”，听、想、记、译几乎要在同一时间内完成。因此同传译工作极具挑战性； (3)同传设备：同传译员的翻译结果要靠设备才能为听众所接受。同传活动中，译员要熟悉设备的操作。特别是遇到多语种翻译要用“接力翻译”(relay interpreting)时，更应该熟练掌握设备的操作。同传译员一般要在工作前30分钟到场检测设备。在检查过程中，一旦发现问题应立即找有关的技术人员解决。在口译过程中，始终应该有设备技术人员值班，以解决应急问题。

仲伟合：英语口译教程

第二部分练习篇 Exercise One Listen to the following texts and then reproduce in the same language at the end of each segment: Text 1.1 Mr Governor, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my great pleasure to be invited to attend the Guangdong Governor?s International A dvisory Council Meeting.// I would like to take this opportunity to highlight our report to the Governor and share with you our view on the role of telecommunications and information infrastructure (ICT) in the economic development.// International experience suggests that Information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and services can have a substantial impact on the competitiveness of firms, nations, and regions. The most important impact of ICT does not come from manufacturing ICT goods, but from investing in and using ICT infrastructure and services.// According to the ITU, global telecommunications services sales reached US$ 1.1 trillion in 2002, more than three times the value of telecommunications equipment sales of US$335 billion. The value created by use of telecommunications services is estimated to be far higher than the total services revenue. Thus investment in ICT infrastructure creates value many times that of the investment itself. // Firm level studies show that ICT investments help firms gain competitiveness through improved efficiency, reduced inventories, better designs, and faster rates of innovation. ICT allows firms to increase the efficiency of their business processes by decreasing procurement and transaction costs, improving accounting and control, enhancing management systems, and streamlining their supply chains.// Several studies also indicate that ICT is a key driver of productivity and growth. There are several distinctive features of ICT that make them particularly important to national and regional economies, which include the pervasive and cross-cutting nature of ICT, the low or declining marginal costs of using the technologies, the ability to foster efficiency gains through streamlining supply chains, the facilitation of the creation of entirely new business models and industries, and the global nature of ICT.// All of these characteristics imply that ICT can have an important impact on competitiveness and economic development.// Text 1.2 主席先生： 我很高兴参加2001’国际投资论坛。我愿意借此机会，向大家介绍一下中国加入WTO 谈判和对外开放的有关情况。// 15 年“复关”和加入WTO 的马拉松谈判到今天应该说已经到了最后阶段。继1999 年11 月中美达成双边协议，2000 年5 月中欧达成双边协议后，中国加入WTO 进程加快，截止2000 年9 月，除墨西哥外，双边谈判已经基本结束。墨方曾多次表示即使不能达成协议，也不会影响中国加入WTO 的进程。//

和翻译界顶尖人物仲伟合对话

翻译界顶级人物对话-曾文雄教授对话仲伟合教授 从《疯狂英语教师版》上看到由广东商学院的教授曾文雄教授采访广外仲伟合教授的文章，真的很精彩，两位翻译学领域的顶尖级人物对话，感觉就是不一样。 作者曾文雄教授简介： 曾文雄，外国语言学及应用语言学教授，广东省高等学校“千百十工程”第四批培养对象，文学硕士，翻译学在职博士生和国内高级访问学者，为中文核心期刊《英语辅导教师版》特约编辑，广州市涉外应用外语学会会员，广东省翻译协会、中国翻译协会与中国语用学研究会会员，研究领域为翻译学、外国语言学及应用语言学、旁涉跨文化语言学与语言哲学。出版第一部从综观和微观探索翻译研究的语用学途径的著作《语用学翻译研究》，主持或参与省、厅级和校级科研项目5项，在国内外学术期刊《外语学刊》、《外语教学》、《外语研究》、《中国科技翻译》、《解放军外国语学院学报》、《四川外语学院学报》、《外语电化教学》、《社会科学家》、《安徽大学学报》等刊物发表论文90篇，多篇文章被《高等学校学报学术文摘》、《人大复印资料》、《中华翻译文摘》、《中国翻译教学研究五十年回眸》等转摘，在《英语周报》、《英语辅导》大学版发表文章50篇，有多篇论文获全国性研讨会、省厅级科研教学成果奖。 以下文章来自《疯狂英语教师版》： 人物简介： 仲伟合, 广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院院长、教授、翻译学硕士生导师。全国翻译专业资格考试专家委员会委员（人事部）、全国外语翻译等级证书考试委员会委员（教育部）、国际英语教师协会会员、中国翻译工作者协会理事、翻译理论与翻译教学委员会委员、中国英汉语对比研究会会员、广州翻译协会、广州科技翻译协会副理事长、广州外事翻译协会副会长；广东省青年科学家协会会员、广州市青年联合会常委、副主席、广东省留学回国青年创业促进会常务理事；英国西敏斯特大学语言学院、广东省人文社科基地“外国文学文化研究中心”兼职研究员、广东外语艺术职业学院客座教授。2004 年获广东省优秀教学成果一等奖、国家级教学成果二等奖、2005 年获第七届“广东青年…五四?奖章”等。 发挥学科优势，造就特色人才 带着翻译学科建设与发展、翻译人才培养等问题，我们采访了全国同声传译专家、广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院院长仲伟合。仲院长幽默自信、随和从容，语言极度流畅，讲话耐人寻味。 问：广外高级翻译学院的学科建设与翻译人才培养有何优势与特色？ 广东外语外贸大学是全国最早培养翻译与口译人才的外国语学院之一，继北外、上外之后，于2005年5月正式成立了高级翻译学院，肩负着全国翻译与口译人才培养的重任。仲院长介绍说，中国翻译人才培训有上百年的历史，但翻译作为一门专业化或职业化的外语教育是近代才出现的，而中国专业化翻译人才培养的院校只有三个院校，此外，大约有二十多个院校成立翻译系或开设了翻译方向专业，从事研究生、本科层次的教育。外语教学在中国经历了从一门选修课到核心课程转化的过程，英语加上专业方向的发展趋势越来越明显，外语教育的其中一个终端就是外语翻译人才的培养。广外建校40多年来，为翻译人才的培养作出了重要的贡献，1997年成立了中国大陆第一个翻译系，与英国语言文化委员会合作开展高级口笔译人员培训项目，成为全国第一所在本科层次上从专业化方向开展口译应用型人才培训的高校。经过8年的发展，翻译系在翻译教学、翻译理论、翻译学与翻译研究以及翻译学科建设等方面得到了很大的发展。学校考虑到学科的发展，把翻译学科作为学校新的增长点，把翻

仲伟合《英语口译教程(上)》学习辅导书(口译笔记技巧(Ⅲ))【圣才出品】

第6单元口译笔记技巧（Ⅲ） 6.1 复习笔记 口译笔记是在理解基础之上记下一些需要提示自己的细节、重点、数字等。有了准确的理解，译文才可能有条有理，才可能达到口译的要求。由于人的短期记忆能力有限，对于应该怎样记笔记，口译界普遍认为没有固定的法则。我们强调多用脑子分析、理解和记忆，不能过多地依靠动手；我们应该学会并掌握在分析和理解的基础上记笔记，而不是盲目记笔记。 一、深刻透彻的理解 1. 理解的重要性 透彻的理解是做好翻译的前提，口译也不例外。我们应通过练习和亲身感受，学会在记笔记时把大部分注意力放在理解上。只有准确的理解，才会有准确的翻译。 2. 练习要点 从正规文体的文章入手；逐步加大加重练习量；语速也要从有提示性的重读和停顿过渡到正常的语速，甚至稍快的语速，并要尽可能完整地复述。随着练习难度和量的增加，再开始记笔记练习，就不会只顾写而不顾理解了，也就为口译笔记打下良好的基础。 二、分析内容，暗记要点 从记忆练习开始就要边听、边理解、边记忆。通过暗记要点，提醒自己分析和理解讲话内容，如：发生了什么，经过如何，引出哪些问题，结果又如何等等。这样有利于完整而连

贯地理解并掌握要译的内容。有层次地去记笔记，也可以防止在口译时漏译。如：原文： 全国人民代表大会是中国的最高权力机关，行使立法权，任免权，决定权和监督权；国家主席是中国的元首，对内代表国家，对外代表政府，行使全国人大及其常务委员会赋予他的职权；国务院是中国的最高行政机关，它在全国人大授权之下行使行政权力；中央军事委员会是中国的最高军事领导机关，领导全国的武装力量；最高人民法院是中国的最高审判机关；最高人民检察院是中国的最高检察机关，与最高人民法院互相配合行使中国的司法权。 要点分析： 这一段共有6点，是讲6个不同机构的性质和权力的。如果在听的时候能抓住这一共同点，说明理解了，笔记也就可以越记越简单了。 笔记内容： 三、注意框架和细节

仲伟合《英语口译教程(下)》学习辅导书(中英文变体)【圣才出品】

第20单元中英文变体 20.1 复习笔记 一、语言的千差万别 语言在不同地区之间体现出千差万别的特点。即便是同一种语言，又有各种变体（varieties）存在，可以作如下的划分： 1. 地域变体，指按地域划分的同一种语言的方言形式； 2. 社会变体，指由于使用人群不同而出现的术语、行话等形式； 3. 书面变体，指根据场合不同而表现出来的口语和书面语形式； 4. 风格变体，指由于语域差异而区分的不同风格的语体，如公文、科技、法律等。 二、英语的主要地域变体 1. 以口音划分，英语可以大致分为英国英语、美国英语、加拿大英语、澳大利亚英语、新西兰英语、苏格兰英语、爱尔兰英语、加勒比英语、印度英语、牙买加英语、利比亚英语、南非英语、新加坡英语、马来西亚英语和香港英语等。即便是在一个国家内部，来自不同地区的人说的英语也是各有差别。 2. 英国英语和美国英语，发音差异非常大。两者在很多元音、重音和音调上都是完全不同的。 三、汉语的主要地域变体

就汉语而言，方言和普通话之间也存在着明显的差异。主要的汉语方言包括北方方言、吴语、客家方言、闽北方言、闽南方言、粤语、湘方言、赣方言八大类。不同方言之间的发音甚至完全不同，不同地区的人无法沟通的情况是很常见的。 四、口译员的应对之策 1. 口译员应该有充分的心理准备和正确的心态。来自不同地方的人说话带有各种口音是再正常不过的现象，不同口音并没有优劣之分。 2. 口译员在日常的训练中，要特别注重培养理解和应付不同口音的能力。要熟悉掌握主要的几种英语变体的发音特点，并进行比较分析，找出规律。 3. 在口译过程中，一旦遇到比较困难的发音，没有办法听懂，口译员一定要保持冷静。除了适当请发言人重复、解释或放慢速度以外，也要调动自己的背景知识。一方面结合情境和上下文做出合理的猜测和判断；另一方面迅速适应发言人的发音特点，建立其发音和标准英语语音之间的联系。边听边学，争取逐渐适应发言人的发音特点，并调整自己的思路。 20.2 实例详解 Exercise 3 Listen to the following texts once and then start interpreting at the end of each segment. Recommendations for Building A World-class Petrochemical Park in Guangdong 关于广东建设世界级石化工业园的建议

仲伟合《英语口译教程(下)》学习辅导书(同声传译视译)【圣才出品】

第28单元同声传译视译 28.1 复习笔记 一、视译的概念 视译（On-sight Interpreting）是指同传译员拿着讲话人的发言稿，边听发言、边看原稿、边进行同声传译。视译是同声传译中经常使用的一种翻译方式，也是同声训练不可逾越的一个阶段，一般的同声传译训练都是从注意力的分配训练（如影子跟读练习）到视译，然后再过渡到无稿同声传译。 二、视译的准备工作 1. 视译中有源语与译语稿件的情况非常少，即便在两稿都有的情况下，也要认真准备，不能掉以轻心。因为发言人因为发言时间的限制或现场情况的变化，很可能在阅读发言稿时跳过一些段落，或在报告中间增加一些内容。还有的发言者可能会临时更换发言稿。 为了应付这些意外，有经验的译员经常使用阿拉伯数字简单地将两种稿子对应段落标记清楚，在翻译过程中可以清楚地识别发言的进度。 2. 通常会议提供的发言稿是单语的，在时间充裕的情况下，可以先把稿件中的难点（词语、语句等）事先笔译出来，把原稿做一定的语篇分析与意群划分，这样在翻译的时候就可以做到胸有成竹了。如果时间来不及或译员对稿件的内容较有把握，可以在稿子上做一些“标识”（Markers），即用诸如箭头、五角星、线条等各种笔记符号有重点地标出源语发言人的思路及语篇标识，把关键的词语和一些难译的句子和语段先译出来。

3. 在原稿并无参考价值的情况下，可以忽略原稿，把精力集中在无稿同声传译的技术工作中，利用口译笔记等，进行无稿同传。口译的视译准备工作有时要在口译厢中进行，译员可以事先准备好词典，对那些较难的重要信息进行一定程度的准备。 4. 译员在准备过程中如果发现讲稿存在实在难以理解、过于深奥或冷僻的地方，在时间允许的情况下，最好能请教一下演讲人或有相关专业知识的人。在国际会议中，译员对于特殊的观念、思想、概念等，一定要虚心请教，不能望文生意。 三、视译的训练 1. 初步练习可以找一些有译文的发言稿，边听发言录音，边做“同声传读”。然后逐渐过渡到脱离译稿，只看原文进行口译。视译时可以用很短时间对原文通读一遍，了解发言的主要内容，并对语言、专业难点做“译前准备”。 2. 视译训练的要求则是边看稿边进行口头翻译，要尽量做到意思准确、用词贴切。视译训练中最大的问题就是中英文句子结构差异悬殊，用英文的句子结构翻译中文必然会显得不伦不类，因此就必须在平时多加训练，掌握好视译过程中中英文互换的问题。 28.2 实例详解 Exercise 1 Sight Interpreting. Read over each text and its translation provided, underline the difficult words and expressions and make appropriate discourse markers in the original text, then interpret the whole text while listening.

仲伟合《英语口译教程(下)》学习辅导书(口译应对策略(Ⅰ))【圣才出品】

第23单元口译应对策略（Ⅰ） 23.1 复习笔记 一、口译的三大特征及其对译员的要求 1. 口译活动具有现场性、及时性和时限性的特征，这三大特征决定了译员不可能像笔译者那样，有足够的时间揣摩原文，它只能在很短时间内正确地理解说话人的意图，并迅速地解码和编码，最后“出口成章”。 2. 为了做到这一点，译员不仅应该具备很强的理解能力、外语思维能力、母语表达能力、广阔的知识面、丰富的实践经验，还必须具备良好的应变能力。 二、口译的应对策略 1. “洋”为“中”用 借用译语中现成的、听众耳熟能详的表达法来替代原语信息。 例：“梁山伯与祝英台”译为“Romeo and Juliet”。 2. 言内明示 口译中要将源语的内涵和外延，及其所包含的文化信息用明明白白的语言表达出来。 例：While other universities and colleges offer accredited online courses ,Jones International University is currently the only accredited university that exists completely online without accompanying traditional “brick and mortar”classrooms.

【译文】虽然其它大学也提供经认证的在线课程，但是Jones国际大学则是目前完全存在于网上、完全没有传统（“砖瓦型”）教室的唯一一所获得认证的大学。 【分析】从上下文语境中，我们不难发现，其实所谓的“‘brick and mortar’classrooms”（“砖瓦水泥型”教室）指的是具有物理形态的传统教室，因为它不同于网络学校所开设的“虚拟教室”（virtual classrooms）。有了这一层理解后，整句话就不难理解了。 3. 以“图”代“言” 这一应变策略尤其适用于科技或商务类口译，这类口译本身的难度并不大，难点在于概念的解释和专业术语的运用。一幅图表、一个公式有时可能比千言万语、反复讲解更为直观，更具说服力。而且在交际过程中，形象思维的作用往往要大于抽象思维，往往更有助于理解错综复杂的概念。随着科技的发展，很多会场都设有多媒体设备，译者完全可以利用它，将说话者提及的难点、重点用图表或公式直观地表示出来。 4. 删“繁”就“简”，化“虚”为“实” 在保持源语主旨不变的前提下，删除部分冗余信息，使译语凝练、紧凑地再现源语的风采。在口译时，译员可以省略源语中较为累赘和抒情的部分，更注重客观；且又不伤及源语主旨，从而使译语更为清晰简练。 23.2 实例详解 Exercise 3 Listen to the following texts once and then start interpreting at the end of each segment.

口译认识篇

口译认识篇 一、口译的定义和特点 (一)口译的定义 口译是翻译的一种形式，指将一种语言所表述的内容用另一种语言即时 准确地用口头表达出来。 (二)口译的目的 在于保证使用不同语言的人们之间的交际顺利进行，促进国际间政治， 经济，文化和科技交流。 (三)口译和笔译的差异 1.口译和笔译的工作环境不同 1)口译具有很强的现场性和实现性。 2)笔译时间充足，能反复加工润色。 2.口译和笔译的工作方法不同 1)口译员通常独立工作，无法寻求他人或书籍的帮助。 2)笔译员可随时寻求他人和书籍的帮助。 3.口译和笔译的反馈形式不同 1)口译是现场的翻译活动。 2)笔译在翻译工作时，通常缺少与作者和读者的交流。 4.口译的质量标准与笔译不尽相同 1)口译强调“准、顺、快”。 2)笔译讲究“信、达、雅”。 二、口译的主要形式 (一)口译的类别 1.根据信息的传送形式，可分为： 1)交替传译 2)同声传译 3)接力口译 2.根据口译场合和内容，可分为： 1)会议口译 2)商务口译 3)法庭口译 4)媒体口译 5)社区口译 6)电话口译等 (二)交替传译 交替传译亦称连续传译，讲话和口译交替进行。 (三)同声传译 1.方式 1)同传箱 2)耳语式传译 2.特点 不占用会议时间，又可多种语言同时使用

三、口译的过程和主要环节 (一)过程 口译是一个复杂的交际过程，包括原文的理解和目的语表达两个步骤， 同时作用于这两个步骤的是分析，要实现有效交际，掌握技能是关键。\ 1.口译理解 理解原语是口译过程的第一步，也是关键一步，这需要译员掌握原语语言知识和语言外知识。 2.口译表达 表达是口译过程的第二个步骤，也是最终结果，同时又是衡量口译质量的依据。要求议员具备丰富的目的语语言知识和语言外知识。 3.口译分析 口译分析包括对原语和目的语的话语和跨文化因素进行分析，，为准确理解和顺畅表达提供了重要保障。 4.口译技能 口译技能能帮助译员正确理解发言人讲话的信息，并快速、准确地用目的语表达出来，占核心地位。本教程涉及技能包括： 1)交传技巧：听取信息、逻辑分析、口译记忆、口译笔记、公众演 讲、话语分析、跨文化交际能力、应变技巧和职业精神； 2)同传技巧：多任务训练、顺句驱动、预测和信息储存、有稿同传、 电子幻灯片同传和应对技巧 四、口译员应该具备的素质 口译是一项高难度、高要求、高回报的工作，成为一名合格的口译员一般需要具备以下素质： (一)扎实的双语基本功； (二)广博的知识面，做到上知天文、下通地理； (三)熟练掌握口译技巧； (四)出众的记忆力； (五)快速学习知识和运用知识的能力； (六)过硬的身体素质和良好的心理素质； (七)敏捷的思维能力、快速的反应和灵活的应变能力。

仲伟合《英语口译教程(上)》学习辅导书(联络口译)【圣才出品】

第7单元联络口译 7.1 复习笔记 一、联络口译 联络口译又称联络陪同口译。联络陪同口译的任务就是在接待、旅游等事务中担任口译工作。 二、联络口译的要求 1. 强烈的责任感 ①接到联络口译任务后，准确把握工作的时间和场所，做到心中有数 ②在口译工作之前进行大量的细致准备，了解接待客人的身份、爱好、特点等背景信息和客人活动的内容等。 2. 百科全书般的渊博知识 联络口译中涉及到的内容往往比会议口译更为随意和灵活。例如，在双方共进晚餐的时候，所进行的谈话几乎完全是随机的，上至天文、下至地理，无所不包，译员不太可能对讲话内容做出先期准备。在这种情况下，译员的知识面显得非常重要。 3. 跨文化交际意识 文化因素，包括宗教、家庭、传统、价值观等，决定人们如何行动和如何适应环境。不重视跨文化交际意识的培养，经常会导致口译工作的失误，甚至带来很严重的后果。 范例：

①慢走 √Bye! Have a good day. ×Walk slowly. ②——啊！你做的菜真好吃！——哪里哪里，一点也不好吃！ √——You made fantastic dishes! ——Thank you! I hope you enjoyed it. ×——You made fantastic dishes! ——No, it’s not delicious at all. ③此门不通 √Please use the other door ×No entry through this door ④这没什么，是我应该做的 √Thank you for your kind words. ×It’s nothing/This is what I should do. 7.2 实例详解 Exercise 2 The following exercise is for you to practice liaison or dialogue interpreting. Divide the class into 3-party groups, each with 3 students playing the 3 different roles. The first party plays the role of an English-speaking person. The second plays the part of a Chinese-speaking person. The third acts as an interpreter. As the dialogue goes on, the student interpreter does the interpreting two ways at the end of each segment. After one round, students in each group may change roles and do

口译基础教程对话练习标准答案--仲伟合

口译基础教程对话练习答案--仲伟合

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Unit 1 ?李颖：We are going to ascend the great wall tomorrow morning. So I’d like to go to bed early and have a good sleep this evening. You know climbing the great wall is not an easy job. ?明天早上我们计划去爬长城，所以我想今晚早点休息，好好睡一觉。你知道爬长城可不是一件简单的事情。 ?Jack: Great. The Great Wall is very famous and becomes a must for tourist in Beijing. Would you tell me something about it? ?好啊。长城那么有名，是游客来北京必去的景点。你能和我说一说长城么？ ?李颖：OK. The construction of the great wall took altogether over 2000years.it started in the Zhou dynasty in the 7th century. B.C. And continued until Ming Dynasty in the 15th century A.D. The existing wall was built in the Ming Dynasty. ?好。长城的整个建筑过程持续了总共两千多年，始于公元七世纪的周朝，后来一直延续到公元后十五世纪的明朝。现存的城墙都是明朝修建的。 ?Jack: The Great Wall is indeed the crystallization of the industry and wisdom of the Chinese people and also a symbol of ancient Chinese culture. Then why the ancient people built the wall? ?长城的确是中国人民勤劳智慧的结晶，同时也是中国古代文化的象征.那么为什么古代人民要修建长城呢？ ?李颖：It was constructed to guard against the invasion by nomadic tribes from the north. When enemy troops approached, guards on watch would send smoke signals from the beacon-fire towers as an alarm. ?修建长城是为了抵御来自北方游牧民族的入侵。敌军逼近时，放哨的警卫就会在烽火台上发送烟雾信号作为警报。 ?Jack: How did they manage to do so? Can you be more specific? ?他们怎么发送烟雾信号作为警报呢？你能说的具体点么？ ?李颖：Those towers on the wall are spaced at equal distances from each other. When guards in a tower saw the signals from its neighbor, they immediately did the same thing .In this way; the signals would be relayed to the capital. ?长城上的烽火台是均匀分布的。如果烽火台上的警卫看到相邻烽火台上发出的信号，他们就会立刻跟着发出信号。这样一个接一个信号就传到了都城。 ?Jack: what the smart idea the ancient people had! I was told that in china. People usually call the Great Wall “Ten Thousand Li Long Wall”. Does it really mean that long? ?古代人民的想法真是巧妙啊！我听说在中国人们通常把长城称作“万里长城”。真的有那么长么？ ?李颖：Yes, exactly. It runs all the way across the eastern half of china with a length of about 6 000 kilometers. 是的，正是这样。长城绵延约6 000公里，穿越了中国的东半部。 ?Jack: 6 000 kilometers! It is unbelievable. 6 000公里！难以置信。 ?李颖：The Great Wall is said to be the only building on the earth that can be seen from the outer space. 据说万里长城是从外太空可以看到的地球上唯一的建筑。