自考英语二课文译文习题 Unit 7培训资料

自考英语二课文译文习题U n i t7

Text A Leisure and Leadership

休闲与引导

Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies are inc reasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time. The i mportance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertai nment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.

观察和研究结果显示发达工业社会的人越来越关注的机会以及空闲时能做些什么。对带薪休假的重视和大众娱乐服务的快速进步是这种关注的标志。

The term "quality of life" is difficult to define. It covers a very wide scope such as living env ironment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure a nd recreation, and so on. Generally speaking, the quality of life, especially as seen by the individua l, is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provid e satisfaction to the individual.

"生活质量"这个词不好下定义。它包含很广的范围，例如生活环境、健康、就业、食品、家庭生活、教育、物质财富、休闲和娱乐，等等。一般地说，尤其在个人来看，生活质量由个人在多大程度上能够得到生活的这些方面并感到满意来衡量。

As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time, leisure has the following fu nctions: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of t hese varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life-style. Thus, people who need to exe rt much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure. Those with a better educ ation and in professional occupations may tend more to seek recreation and personal developmen t (e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure.

作为个人认为适合在业余时间进行的活动，休闲具有以下功能：放松、消遣和娱乐，以及个人发展。这些功能的重要性因各人的工作性质和生活方式而不同。因此，需要在工作中消耗大量精力的人会发现最想要在休闲中放松。受过较好教育的人和职业较为专业的人可能倾向于在休闲中寻找消遣和个人发展。

The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. Even the same leisure activit y may be used differently be different individuals. Thus, the following are possible uses of televisio n watching, a popular leisure activity: a change of experience to provide "escape" from the stres s and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one's environment; to provide an o

pportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other people's life experiences as portrayed in t he programmes.

休闲的具体用途因人而异。甚至同样的休闲活动各人做起来也可能功能不同。下面是看电视的可能的用途，这是一种很常见的休闲活动：换种体验，从工作压力里"逃开"；了解更多身边的事情；通过比较节目中他人的生活经验提供一个了解自身的机会。

In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large i n life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a se lf-renewal and a more "balanced" way of life.

城市生活中，结构严密，步伐迅速，工作压力在生活中投下阴影，不同性质的经验，不管是看电视还是看鸟，都能达到自我更新更平衡的生活方式。

Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities a s reading books, going to the cinema, camping, or certain cultural pursuits, are all related to socia l contexts and learning experiences. We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from o ur families, schools, jobs ,and the mass media. Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition th at leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.

既然休闲基本上是个人决定的事，就可以做任何给自己带来愉悦和满足的活动，发展个人兴趣爱好。我们的好恶、品位、喜好决定了我们是选择看书、看电影、露营、或某种文化追求，而前者又同社会环境和学习经验有关。我们从来自家庭、、学校工作和大众传媒的事物中获得各种兴趣。基本上这种态度就等于承认休闲是生活的重要部分，相信休闲能够并且应该得到充分利用。

Professional workers in recreation services, too, will find that to impart positive leisure attit udes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisf ying ways. Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these vari ous contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes, interests and ev en skills relevant to how we handle leisure. Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.

娱乐行业的业者也发现。让公众具有积极的休闲态度，对于鼓励他们以创造性的充实的方式利用休闲十分必要。可以说，我们在各种各样休闲的场合下接触的人；都有可能对形成我们的休闲态度，我们的兴趣．甚至是我们利用休闲的方法起到一定的影响。这种影响是一种引导形式的影响。

Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass me dia are all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example, the degree to which and the w ays in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to c ontribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.

父母、老师、工作同伴和大众媒体的传播者都能激发我们潜在的兴趣。例如，学校对于做游戏、参加体育活动和文化追求的鼓励的程度和方式很可能对学生休闲态度的形成产生影响。

Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced developmen t of the person. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.

学校常常把人的平衡发展作为它们的教育目标。越是认真地追求这一目标，这越可能鼓励正面的休闲态度，就像鼓励学业一样。

Text B The Time Message

时间信息

You may have been exposed to this idea before, but this time try to hear. There is a mes sage that is trying to reach you, and it is important that it get through loud and clear. The messag e?

你可能听说过这个观点，但不妨再听一次。有一条信息要传送给你，而且要清楚响亮地传到，这很重要。信息？

Time management!

时间管理！

Time is elusive and tricky. It is the easiest thing in the world to waste - the most difficul t to control. When you look ahead, it may appear you have more than you need. Yet it has a wa y of slipping through your fingers like quicksand. You may suddenly find that there is no way to str etch the little time you have left to cover all your obligations. For example, as a beginning studen t looking ahead to a full term you may feel that you have an oversupply of time on your hands. Bu t toward the end of the term you may panic because time is running out. The answer?

时间难以捉摸，稍纵即逝。浪费时间是世界上最容易做到的事情，也是最难控制的。当你朝前看时，时间也许显得比你需要的多。可是它会像流沙一样从缝间溜走。你可能会突然发现剩下的那

点时间没法完成所有的任务。比方说，作为一个新生，你看到眼前整整一个学期，会觉得手上有多余的时间，但是当学期末临近时，没准就会恐慌起来，因为时间快用完了。答案呢？

Control!

控制！

Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. If you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. You must become the master of time, not the servant.

时间是危险的。你不控制它，它就会控制你。你不让它为你工作，它就会成为你的对头。你必须做它的主人而不是佣人。

Study hard and play hard is an old proverb, but is still makes sense. You have plenty of ti me for classes, study, work, and play if you use your time properly. It is not how much time you al locate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study.

刻苦学习，开心玩耍是句老话，但依然有意义。如果合理安排时间就会有足够的时间上课、学习、玩耍。重要的不是分配了多少时间学习，而是学习时你到底学到了多少。

Too much wasted time is bad medicine. The more time you waste, the easier it is too con tinue wasting time. Soon, doing nothing becomes a habit you can't break. It becomes a drug. Whe n this happens, you lose your feeling of accomplishment and you fall by the wayside. A full schedu le is a good schedule.

浪费太多时间就跟吃了治不好病的药一样。时间浪费得越多，就越容易继续浪费时间。很快无所事事就成了改不掉的习惯，就会上瘾。如果这样，你会失去成就感，半途而废。安排得满满的时间表就很好。

Some students refuse to hear the time message. They refuse to accept the fact that colle ge life demands some degree of time control. There is no escape. So what's the next setp? If yo

u seriously with to get the time message, this passage will give it to you. Remember - it will not on ly improve your grades but also free you to enjoy college life more.

有的学生拒绝听取时间。信息他们不愿意接受大学生活要求一定程度的时间控制这一事

实。但这无可避免。那下一步呢？如果你真心想要得到时间信息，这个章节会提供给你。记住，这

不仅会提高你的分数，还会让你更地享受大学生活。

Message 1. Time is valuable - control it from the beginning.

信息1：时间是宝贵的，从头开始控制它。

Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the beginning of the term a nd readjust it with each new project. Thus you can spread your work time around a little.

时间就是今天，不是明天或下星期。在学期开始时就实施你的计划并随着每一个新的规划

调整。这样就能把工作的时间分散一些。

Message 2. Get the notebook habit.

信息2：养成用笔记本的习惯。

Go and buy a pocket-size notebook. There many varieties of these special notebooks. Sel ect the one you like best. Use it to schedule your study time each day. You can also use it to not

e important dates, appointments, addresses, and telephone numbers. Keep it with you at all times.

去买个袋装笔记本。这种特殊笔记本有好多，这种你最喜欢的，用它来安排每天的学习时

间。还可以记载重要的约会、地址、电话号码。把它一直带在身边。

Message 3. Prepare a weekly study schedule.

信息3：制定每周学习计划。

The main purpose of the notebook is to help you prepare a weekly study schedule. Onc e prepared, follow the same pattern every week with minor adjustments. Sunday is an excellent d ay to make up your schedule for the following week. Write in your class schedule first. Add your w ork hours, if any. Then write in the hours each day you feel you must allocate for study. Keep it si mple.

这个笔记本的主要用途是帮你准备一周学习计划。一旦定下，每周依照同样模式而行，只做小的变动。星期天正好用来安排下周计划。最先记下上课的时间，再加上工作时间，如果有的话。然后写上每天必须分配的学习时间。尽量简单些。

Message 4. Be realistic.

信息4：现实些。

When you plan time for these things, be realistic. Don't underestimate. Overestimate, if p ossible, so that emergencies that arise don't hang you up. Otherwise your entire routine may get t hrown off balance while you devote night and day to crash efforts.

做计划时，现实些。别少估时间，如果可能，多估些，这样发生紧急情况也不至于耽误工作。否则你日夜应付突发事件时，日常工作就会推动平衡。

Message 5. Make study time fit the course.

信息5：学习的时间同课程相符。

How much study time you schedule for each classroom hour depends on four factor

s: (1) your ability, (2) the difficulty of the class, (3) the grades you hope to achieve, and (4) ho

w well you use your study time. One thing, however, is certain: you should schedule a minimum o f one hour of study for each classroom hour. In many cases, more will be required.

每个课时安排多少时间学习取决于四个因素：（1）能力；（2）课程难度；（3）希望得到的分数；（4）利用时间能力的好坏。但有一件事是确定的：每一课时应安排至少一小时学习时间。很多情况下会需要更多时间。

Message 6. Keep your schedule flexible.

信息6：保持学习计划的灵活性。

A good schedule must have a little give so that special projects can be taken care of prop erly. Think out and prepare your schedule each week and do not become a slave to an inflexible p attern. Adjust it as you deem necessary.

好的时间表必须有点儿弹性，这样特殊的计划就能处理得当。想一想，制定每周的计划，不要变成一成不变的模式的奴隶。必要时加以调整。

Message 7. Study first - fun later.

信息7：先学习，后娱乐。

You will enjoy your fun time more after you have completed your study responsibilities. S o, where possible, schedule your study hours in advance of fun activities. This is a sound principl e to follow, so keep it in mind as you prepare your first schedule.

完成学习任务之后再玩会更加愉快。所以只要可能，把学习时间安排在娱乐之前。这是要遵从的合理原则，所以在准备第一个日程表的时候就牢记在心。

Message 8. Study some each class day.

信息8：每个学习日都学到一些东西。

Some concentrated study each day is better than many study hours one day and nothin g the next. As you work out your individual schedule, attempt to include a minimum of two stud

y hours each day. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on you r class assignments and projects.

每天集中学一会儿比一天学几个小时、第二天又不要学强。做个人日程表时，尽量每天安排至少两个小时学习。这不仅让你保持学习习惯，还使你了解学习任务和计划。

Few beginning freshmen can control their time effectively without a written schedule, s o why kid yourself into thinking you don't need one? You do. Later on, when you have had more e xperience and you have the time-control habit, you may be able to operate without it. Of course t he schedule is only the first step. Once you have it prepared, you must stick with it and follow it fa ithfully. You must push away the many temptations that are always present or your schedule is us eless. Your schedule will give you control only if you make it work.

很少大学新生能够没有日程表就有效地控制时间，所以干嘛骗自己以为你不需要时间表？你需要。到后来，更有经验，养成了控制时间的习惯以后，你可能就不需要了。当然日程表只是第一步。一旦把这个准备好了，必然坚持，忠实遵循。得推开那些不断出现的诱惑，否则你的日程表就没用了。只有让日程表起作用，你才能用它支配时间。

UNIT 7

1. Most today’s robots are employed i n the automotive industry, _____they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting . (99.4)

A. as

B. which

C. when

D. where

答案：D. 考点：where 引导的非限定定语从句，修饰automotive industry。

2. Robots differ from automatic machines in_____after completion of one specific task, they can

be reprogrammed to be another one. (00.4)

A. which

B. that

C. how

D. whether

答案：B. 考点：in that 复合连词引导原因状语从句，表示“在于”。

3. Robots , already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are

beginning_____(see) in other

industries as well. (00.4) (01.10)

答案：to be seen 考点：begin to do sth. 所以用动词不定式，而且用被动式。

4. Anyone______(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. (00.10)（01.4）

答案： wanting 考点：动词现在分词作定语修饰anyone。

5.The nations that____actively______(involve) in earthquake prediction programs include Japan, China, Russia, and the United States.

答案：are involved 考点：词组：be involved in sth.

6. 汉译英：机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢？（00.10）

答案： In what field will robots take over human tasks?

7. It is not yet known_____computers will one day have vision as good as human vision .

A. whether

B. if

C. that

D. how

答案：A . 考点： whether 引导的主语从句。

8. Robots, ______(become) increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed

world, are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.

答案：becoming 考点：现在分词作状语。

9 . Robots , becoming_____(increase) prevalent in factories , are programmed and engineered

答案： increasingly

10. 汉译英：今年来，计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛。

答案：In recent years, the computer is finding wider and wider application in all fields.

1、word study

attach,underlie,relevant,positive

attach

vt.1、固定住，系；2、附加，隶属；3、把（重点）放在；4、使喜爱，使依恋You have to attach a label to a box while posting it.

邮寄箱子时需在箱子上贴上标签。

They provide aid with no conditions attached.

他们提供无附加条件的援助。

We should attach primary importance to a firm and correct political orientation. 我们要把坚定正确的政治方向放在第一位。

He was strongly attached to his home.

他对他的家恋恋不舍。

underlie

vt.支撑；构成（理论，政策，行为等）的基础

Careful planning underlies all my decisions.

我的全部决定是以周密计划为根据的。

What underlies his lack of interest in work?

什么造成了他对工作缺乏兴趣？

There were deeper tensions underlying last week’s strike.

上星期的罢工背后潜伏着更为深刻的紧张局势。

relevant

a.1、贴切的，中肯的；2、与。。。有关的（to）

This is a relevant question.

这是一个中肯的问题。

This point is not really relevant and we had better move on.

这一点并没有什么关联，咱们还是接着谈别的吧。

We should make our lives relevant to the needs of the country.

我们应该使个人生活与国家的需要挂起钩来。

All evidence relevant to the case should be gathered and analyzed.

所有与本案有关的证据均应搜集和分析。

positive

a.1、明确的，确实的；2、积极的，肯定的；3、正的，阳性的

He gave positive instructions.

他给了明确的指示。

I wonder if he can provide positive proof.

我不知道他是否能够提供有力的证据。

Light is a positive thing; darkness is only the absence of light.

光是确实存在的东西，而黑暗只是没有光。

Who can give a positive answer?

谁能给一个肯定的答复？

He always has some positive ideas on company policy.

他对公司的政策总有一些建设性的意见。

The test is positive which shows a particular disease is present.

化验的结果呈阳性，说明确实得了某种病。

2、重点句型

1、生活在先进的工业化社会的人们越来越关心休闲的机会。P1

People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.

2、人们赋予带薪休假的重要性和大众娱乐服务的快速发展是日益关注这一问题的标志。P1

The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.

3、对休闲的具体利用人与人不同。P4

The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.

4、由于休闲基本上是自己决定的事，个人就可以培养自己的兴趣和爱好，并以能为自己带来享受和满足的方式参与某项活动。P6

Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take to one’s inte rests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.

5、基本上说，上述态度等同于一个认识：休闲是生活的一个重要方面；等同于一个信念：休闲能够并且应该充分利用。P7

Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and of a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.

6、比如，学校鼓励参加游戏、运动和文化活动的程度和方式可能对形成学生的休闲态度起一定的作用。P9

For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.

7、学校常常把达到个人均衡发展设定为它们的教育目的。P10

Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person.

8、对此追求得越认真，就越可能鼓励人们对待休闲和学术工作持积极态度。P10

The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.

3、习题

一、英译汉重点单词词组：

1.research

2.attach

3.underlie

4.relevant

5.positive

6.possession

7.desirable

8.relaxation

9.occupation10.urban

11.acquire12.participation

be concerned with be relevant to to set … as objective

二、英译汉重点句子

1~8.与重点句型相同。

三、汉译英

1.生活质量这一术语涉及很广泛。

The term"quality of life" covers a very wide scope.

2.在生活节奏快，工作压力大的社会中，放松一下有利于健康。

In a fast-paced stressful society, it is good for health to set aside some time to relax oneself.

It's good for one's health to find time to relax in a society of fast-paced and stressful work.

3.人们的兴趣和爱好与社会环境和个人学习经历有关。

People 's interests and hobbies are related to social contexts and their learning experiences.

People's interests and preferences are all related to social contexts and individual learning experiences.

4.积极的休闲态度是鼓励人们创造性地利用空闲时间的基础。

The positive attitude towards leisure is the foundation to encourage people's creative use of their spare time.

A positive leisure attitude is the foundation for motivating people to use their leisure in a creative way .

5.研究与观察结果表明，人们越来越关心生活的质量。

The findings of research and observation indicate that people are more and more concerned with the quality of life.

Observations and researches indicate that people are increasingly concerned with the quality of life.

4、历年试题

1. A good schedule must have a little give so that special projects can_____(take) care of properly. (99.4)

答案：be taken 。考点：情态动词的被动语态。

2. Since leisure is basically self-determined, one should get involved_____an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction . (99.4)

A. in

B. of

C. towards

D. with

答案： A . 考点：词组 get /be involved in 参与…；卷入…

3. The importance of these_____(vary ) according to the nature of one’s job and one’s lifestyle. (99.10)

答案：varies 考点：一般现在时单数第三人称形式。

4. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also _____(keep ) you up to date on your class assignments and projects. 答案

答案：keep 。考点：not only 与but also 后的词的形式应一致。

5. The specific use of leisure______from individual to individual. (00.4)

A. ranges

B. distinguishes

C. varies

D. covers

答案：C。分析：此题考查不及物动词vary 的用法。搭配为：vary … from … to 各不相同。

6. The more time you waste, the____(easy) it is to continue wasting time.(00.4)

答案：easier 。考点：the more … the more 句型，表示“越…越…”。

7. Such attitudes amount to a belief____leisure can and should be put to good use.

(01.4)

A. which

B. if

C. whether

D. that

答案：that 。考点：that 引导同位语从句修饰belief 。

8. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to____ on your class assignments and projects. (01.4)

A. day

B. date

C. number

D. time

答案：B。考点：词组 up to date 最新的，keep you up to date 表示跟得上….

9 . 汉译英：人们越来越关注休闲的机会。(99.4)

答案： People are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.

10. 汉译英：众所周知，即使同样的休闲活动，不同的人使用的方式也不同。

(00.4)

答案： It is well known that even the same leisure activity may be used different by different individuals.

1. 在工业化国家人们越来越关心休闲的机会。

答：People in the industrialized countries are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.

2. 为什么他们对带薪休假那么重视呢？

答： Why do they attach so much importance to paid holidays?

3. 对休闲的具体利用是因人而异的。

答： The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.

4. 我们所接触的人可能对我们休闲态度产生某种影响。

答： The people with whom we come into contact may exert some influence on our attitudes toward leisure.

5. 学校教育的目的之一是使学生得到均衡发展。

答： One of the educational objectives of school is to attain a balanced development of students.

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit7

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精选文库 8. prompt v. 促使；导致；激起 9. complete adj. （用以强调）完全的，彻底的 10. upset adj. 难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的 11. roll v. （使）翻滚，滚动 12. despite prep. 即使；尽管 despite / in spite of that fact that … 13. feeble adj. 无效的；无力的 14. attempt n./ v. 企图；试图；尝试 attempted 15. wipe v.（用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉 16. profusely adv. 大量地；连连地 17. address v. 写（收信人）姓名地址；致函 18. receptionist n. 接待员 19. attach v. 把…固定，把…附（在…上） attach …to… attached 依恋的；附加的；附属的 attachment 依恋；附件 20. emotion n. 强烈的感情；情感；情绪 emotional emotionless 21. contain v. 控制，克制，抑制（感情） 22. apparently adv. 据…所知；看来；显然

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unit 7 课文翻译

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2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit9

Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges I. New words and expressions New words 1. hurdle n. hurdles [pl.]跨栏赛；栏架，跨栏；难关，障碍 2. negative n. 否定词；否定；拒绝 adj. 坏的；有害的 3. despair v. 绝望；失去希望；丧失信心 4. petty adj. 小的：琐碎的；次要的 5. individual adj. 一个人的；供一个人用的 6. lane n. （比赛的）跑道，泳道 7. spot n. 地点；场所；处所 8. symbolize v. 象征；是…的象征；代表 symbol -ize常用的动词后缀：modernize, globalize, economize 9. incredibly adv. 极端地；极其 credible 可靠的，可信的 credibly 变副词时需省略-e的形容词有simple, true, credible, believable simply, truly, (in)credibly, (un)believably 10. positive adj. 良好的；正面的 11. tough adj. 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的 12. arise v. 发生；产生；出现 arise from sth. 区分：arouse / arise arouse one's anger / respect / sympathy 13. lost adj. 不知所措的；一筹莫展的 14. leap v. 跳跃 15. yard n. 码 16. inch n. 英寸 17. cinch n. 很容易的事；小莱 Phrases and Expressions 1. line up 排成一行；站队；排队（等侯） 2. end up最终成为；最后处于 end up (in) doing sth. end up begging / being arrested end up as a beggar / prisoner / millionaire

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Unit 11 Cyber World A Famous Quote The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow. - Bill Gates Bill Gates (1955- ), American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author. Gates is the former chief executive officer (CEO) and current chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. Text A Cyber Love Pre-reading Questions: 1. Have you ever made a friend on the Internet? How did you develop your friendship? 2. What suggestions can you give if one hopes to make friends on the Internet? Thanks to the late 20th century technology, Maria of Denmark and Martijin of Holland met on a chatline. For months they’ve talked and sent letters to each other with the help of their computers as they found themselves falling head over heels in love. It was then that they decided to meet in the real, not only the virtual, world. It was not easy to arrange as the young man and his lady were separated by 700 very real kilometers, but the date was a success and Maria and M artijin have been living together happily ever since. They’ve created a home page to let the world know how they’ve found happiness via the Internet and introduce couples who’ve met under similar circumstances. Throughout history men and women have used a variety of means to find each other. Internet romance, according to some, is a bizarre method, and to others it is a natural way for the 90’s to meet potential mates. Romances formed on the Internet follow a characteristic script. The development of emotional intimacy is a long progress, sometimes taking several months. “Love at first byte” is rare although there are examples. The initial light exchanges, whether by e-mail or in chat rooms, are generally followed by increasingly self-revealing topics, and then after a while, the two strangers perceive each other as a true friend. Hearts open, an avalanche of e-mail crosses cyberspace carrying literary quality, and electronic messages are even enhanced with verse and virtual gifts (flowers, kisses, animated pictures). Could any heart with romantic inclinations resist? When you reach

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit11

Unit11CyberWorld I.Newwordsandexpressions Newwords 1.chatlinen.（消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务 2.variety?n.（同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 varyvaryfrom…to… 比较：range/shiftfrom…to… various 3.romance?n.恋爱；爱情 romantic https://www.sodocs.net/doc/376822741.html,arreadj.极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的 5.potentialadj.潜在的；可能的 6.scriptn.剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿 7.intimacy?n.亲密；关系密切 intimate 8.initialadj.最初的；开始的 9.perceivev.将…视为；认为 10.avalanchen.雪崩；山崩 11.literary?adj.文学的；文学上的 literature literal literary literate liberal

12.versen.诗；韵文 13.animatedadj.栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的 14.inclination?n.倾向；意愿 incline inclined 15.sweatyadj.满是汗的；汗津津的 16.palmn.手掌；手心 17.varyv.相异；不同 18.conveyv.表达，传递（思想、感情等） 19.polishv.修改；润饰；润色 20.intellectn.（尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力 21.personalityn.性格；个性；人格 22.sequencen.顺序；次序 23.reversev.颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反 24.veil?v.掩饰；掩盖 unveil揭露，揭开 25.intellectualadj.智力的；脑力的；理智的 26.familiarity?n.熟悉；通晓 familiar familiarize 27.appearance?n.外貌；外表 28.intensity?n.强烈；紧张；剧烈 intense 29.stirringn.（感情、想法或发展的）开始，出现，萌发

九年级英语unit7课文-翻译

九年级英语unit7翻译 Unit7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. Section A 2d 桑迪：要去看毕加索的著名绘画作品，我真的很激动。 吴兰：我也是。我很高兴史密斯先生为今年的校外旅行选择了美术博物馆。 桑迪：我要带上我的新照相机，照好多好多照片！ 吴兰：哦，不行。史密斯先生说我们不可以照相。博物馆不允许。桑迪：太糟糕了！你说，如果我们不用闪光灯，会不会允许（我们）照相啊？ 吴兰：嗯…..我觉得我们只是想保护那些绘画作品。如果不用闪光灯的话，那也许可以。 Section A 3a 妈妈最了解我 当我是个小宝宝整夜哭闹的时候，妈妈依偎在我身旁，唱歌送我入梦乡。 在我累了饿了的时候，妈妈给我食物，那温暖的臂膀就是我的床。 当我奔跑在田野上，她确保我的安全，让我远离安全，让我远离危险， 在我摔倒受伤的时候她给我拥抱，扶我站好。 七岁的我剧烈咳嗦，她说我不适合吃冰激凌， 我却大声反驳：你必须同意，我就要定了！ 九岁时我看恐怖电影，她说：这种电影会将噩梦给你带来， 我却愤怒地咆哮：我就该看这样的电影，别拿我当小孩！ 青少年的我开始和朋友外出闲逛了，她叮咛道：十点以前一定要回来！ 我又顶嘴：我都17岁了，不需要你告诉我该不该！ 现在我长大了，回想当初的是时光， 吃了冰激凌让我咳嗦不止， 看了恐怖片让我噩梦连连， 上学迟到只因为10点还在外游荡。 我真的后悔呀！后悔不该顶嘴，后悔没有听从妈妈的忠告； 妈妈最了解（孩子），她只是想怎样对我最好！ Section B 2b

能允许我自己做决定吗？ 很多青少年都有自己的业余爱好。但有时候，这些业余爱好会阻碍他们的学业，父母可能会担心他们在学校的学习成绩。孩子们都希望尽可能多些机会实践自己爱好。你同意吗？ 刘宇是来自山东省的一位15岁的男孩，他是一个赛跑运动明星。他是学校校队的一名队员，希望长大以后能成为职业跑步运动员。可是他的父母不愿让他花太多时间去训练。“我们当然希望看到他实现自己的梦想，”刘先生说，“我们也知道他是多么喜欢跑步，我妻子和我也曾经支持他的每一次比赛。我们不反对跑步，但是儿子必须要考虑其他可能得工作。他现在长大了，他一定要考虑好，万一成不了职业运动员怎么办？” 刘宇却不认同他们的想法。“我觉得应该允许我自己做决定，”她说：“我父母总是教育我在学校努力学习、上大学是多么多么重要。我能理解这一点，但是对于跑步，我也是很严肃对待的。这是唯一我特别想做的事情” 刘宇的父母认为刘宇晚上应该用功学习，因此，我们不同意他晚上出去练习跑步。“也许他会认为我们太过严格或者不公平。”刘先生说，“但我们认为我们这么做是对的。成为一个职业运动明星是很难的，所以他必须在自己的功课上多花点时间。” 但刘宇还是不同意。“我知道我父母关心我。他们总是说如果不成功怎么办。可我一定会成功！我跑的很快。我觉得应该让我自己做决定。只有这样我才有机会实现自己的梦想。”

[整理版]自考英语二上册课文翻译

Unit,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,Text,,,,,A,,,,,,,,,,怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者 “学习一门语言很容易，即使小孩也能做得到。” 大多数正在学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法。对他们来说，学习一门语言是非常困难的事情。他们需要数百小时的学习与练习，即使这样也不能保证每个成年语言学习者都能学好。 语言学习不同于其他学习。许多人很聪明，在自己的领域很成功，但他们发现很难学好一门语言。相反，一些人学习语言很成功，但却发现很难在其他领域有所成就。 语言教师常常向语言学习者提出建议：“要用新的语言尽量多阅读”，“每天练习说这种语言”，“与说这种语言的人住在一起”，“不要翻译——尽量用这种新的语言去思考”，“要像孩子学语言一样去学习新语言”，“放松地去学习语言。” 然而，成功的语言学习者是怎样做的呢,,,,,语言学习研究表明，成功的语言学习者在许多方面都有相似之处。 首先，成功的语言学习者独立学习。他们不依赖书本和老师，而且能找到自己学习语言的方法。他们不是等待老师来解释，而是自己尽力去找到语言的句式和规则。他们寻找线索并由自己得出结论，从而做出正确的猜测。如果猜错，他们就再猜一遍。他们都努力从错误中学习。 成功的语言学习是一种主动的学习。因此，成功的语言学习者不是坐等时机而是主动寻找机会来使用语言。他们找到（说）这种语言的人进行练习，出错时请这些人纠正。他们不失时机地进行交流，不怕重复所听到的话，也不怕说出离奇的话，他们不在乎出错，并乐于反复尝试。当交流困难时，他们可以接受不确切或不完整的。对他们来说，更重要的是学习用这种语言思考，而不是知道每个词的意思。 最后，成功的语言学习者学习目的明确。他们想学习一门语言是因为他们对这门语言以及说这种语言的人感兴趣。他们有必要学习这门语言去和那些人交流并向他们学习。他们发现经常练习使用这种语言很容易，因为他们想利用这种语言来学习。 你是什么样的语言学习者,,,,,如果你是一位成功的语言学习者，那么你大概一直在独立地，主动地，目的明确地学习。另一方面，如果你的语言学习一直不太成功，你不妨试试上面提到的一些技巧。 Unit,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,Text,,,,,B,,,,,,,,,,语,,,,,言 当我们想告诉别人我们想什么时，我们不但可以借助于词语，还可以用其他表达方法。比如，当我们想说“是”时，我们有时会上下点头，而当我们想说“不”,,,,,时，我们会左右摇头。那些既听不见也不会说话的人（也就是聋哑人）借助于手势相互交谈。那些彼些不懂对方语言的人也用这种方式交谈。下面这个故事就说明了人们有时是怎样借助于手势进行交谈的。

Unit 7 课文翻译

V. Translation 美国国家公园 曾经，美国共和党被认为是环保党。毕竟，阿贝·林肯划分了后来成为约塞米蒂国家公园的第一块地。尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特保护了成为黄石国家公园的那块地。所有人都知道西奥多·罗斯福，他的成就很多，他签署了1906年颁布的《美国古迹法》，保护了美国大峡谷。卡尔文·柯立芝保护了冰川湾；德怀特·艾森豪威尔为建立南极国家野生动物庇护所作出了第一步努力。在共和、民主两党支持下，20世纪70年代理查德·尼克松颁布一系列保护环境的法案：《空气清洁法》、《美国国家环境政策法案》、《濒危动物法案》。 美国国家公园管理处管理着七千七百多万英亩的土地，320个不同种类的公园，最近审批的一个还覆盖了阿拉斯加广袤原始土地。所管辖的公园种类多样，有城市公园、名胜古迹、海滨公园、国家河流，还有越来越多将公众休闲放在第一位的休闲区。还有就是国家公园了，虽然它们吸引着成千上万的游客，但是国家公园的首要职能还是环境保护。在一个贸易自由、商业利益强大的国度，这些公园所起的作用不可或缺。在横跨旧金山湾的金门大桥边，生态环境保护者为保护仅存的红杉树，创办了红杉树国家公园，这些红杉高大挺拔。伐木工人异常愤怒，在城市中游行示威，高喊“禁止再建公园”。但是环保主义者和生态环境保护者总有他们自己的口号，这是“自由的国度”，他们的影响力也比其他国家环保主义者的影响力要大。 第一个国家公园是成立于1872年的黄石公园，位于怀俄明州。黄石公园的一切都可以和浪漫联系在一起，将沸水柱喷射到200英尺高空的间歇泉，拥有奔腾河流和宏伟瀑布的大峡谷。还有白雪皑皑的山峰、群树环绕的湖泊、广袤的森林、一望无际的草地，黄石河蜿蜒其间，直至流入大峡谷。草地上，野牛、麋鹿、驼鹿和梅花鹿都来这里栖息吃草。 美国国家公园是世界上保护自然环境的典范。所有公园都尽可能保持原生态。中部平原以西地区，木材商摧毁了大片森林，但在森林公园中，禁止砍伐任何一棵树。一棵树自然倒下时，任由它腐烂以滋润土壤，养分提供新树的生长。许多国家公园只要不是人为引起的森林火灾也是允许的，任由它自生自灭。

2012新版自考英语二教材翻译00015

第1课Text A 批判性地阅读 批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。 考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。 质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。 与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。 分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设，你必须判断这一假设是否合理。 鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。例如，如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。此外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后，如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。 甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。 成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。 第1课Text B 自信的语言 语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量，这一点至关重要。 再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识就像一个孩子，分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。’ “尽力” 这是一个简单的词，却能对我们产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我会尽力做这件事的”，你

山东自考(00015)英语二课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy in Australia，there has been foreign languages fervor in China，with English on top of the list. English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．Parents hire private tutors for their school children；adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination .Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes. 就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，中国也掀起一股外语热，在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首.不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? 如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。 From my personal experience, I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．Without such a complete understanding of the language, the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses． 从我个人的经验来看，英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。对英语没有这样全面的理解，即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。 The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．Take the Chinese English learners for example．" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? Of course not．It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. By the same token，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet. 讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。以学英语的中国人为例，"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。这个英语句子结构不对吗? 当然不是。学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。同样，英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak a western language other than English because Chinese has nothing in common with the alphabetic English and China had little contact with the Western world in modern history．Consequently， the background knowledge of English fascinates large numbers of interested and determined English learners in China but at the same time disheartens quite a few． 中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我 们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、 吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、 羊肉呢?"对学习英语的中国人来说，为 这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易 事。问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死 记硬背英语单词毫无效率。所以说， 学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习 使用该语言国家的历史知识。学习英 语的中国人要做到这一点比其他非英 语国家的西方人要困难得多，因为汉 字和英语这种拼音文字毫无共同之 处，并且中国和西方世界在近代史上 很少接触。所以，在中国，英语背景 知识既吸引了大量英语爱好者，也使 许多人丧失信心。 The Western and Oriental values are found to be in confrontation in learning English．Native English speakers may complain about Chinese confusion when using "he" and "she"，for the two words sound the same，though，different in written forms in Chinese．As a result， some native English speakers conclude that the Chinese are unable to tell the difference between the two sexes．But native English speakers are more gender blind than the Chinese when they mention their cousins．The confusion caused by the confrontation of Western and Chinese values，to a certain extent， affects the Chinese English learner's comprehension of what he／she reads and hears．Only by developing an understanding and tolerance（忍受）of different cultural values can a Chinese English learner reach the goal of communicating with native English speakers． 英语学习中，东西方的价值观念是相 互冲突的。英语母语的人会混淆汉语 中"他""她"的用法，因为这两个字尽管 字形不同，读音却相同，他们因此常 常抱怨。结果有些英语母语的人得出 结论，认为中国人不区分两种性别。 但是在涉及表亲的时候，英语母语的 人更是混淆性别。东西方价值观的冲 突造成的语言上的混淆，在一定程度 上影响学习英语的中国人对自己所读 或所听到的内容的理解.学习英语的中 国人只有增加不同文化价值观之间的 理解和宽容，才能达到与英语母语者 交流的目标。 A Chinese English learner could not have a good command of Eng1ish unless he overcomes the cultural barriers(not all，of course!)in learning English．Many Chinese translate what they think about in Chinese into English when they talk or write．This kind of English inevitably affects the fluency and flow of speech， the amount of information conveyed， and，above all，the quality of communication． 学习英语的中国人，只有在学习英语 的过程中克服文化障碍才能很好地掌 握英语。(当然不可能是克服全部文化 障碍!) 很多中国人说话或写作的时 候，将自己汉语思维的内容翻译成英 语，这势必会影响英语表达的流畅、 传达的信息量，最重要的是，影响交 流的质量。 The above is，not wholly，how difficult English is．Some native speakers might have said，"You foreigners don't use good English! " at the time a foreigner fails to understand what he is saying．"Why should l?"1 would protest，though．Still，I have to keep asking myself：Is it possible for a foreigner to command English? 尽管不完全，以上就是学习英语的困 难。英语母语者被外国人误解的时候 可能会说："你们外国人不懂地道的英 语!" 我要反驳："我们为什么要懂?"我还要 问：一个外国人可能精通英语吗? Text B Learning a Language 学 语言 Most students would like to know how to learn a 1anguage more easily. Most linguists and language teachers would also like to know this．Linguists are working on this problem in two ways．First，they are trying to understand how children learn to speak and understand their native language. They are also trying to learn how people learn a second language． 大部分学生都想知道如何能够轻松地 学好一门语言，大部分语言学家和语 言教师也想弄清楚这个问题。语言学 家从两个方面研究这个问题。一方面， 他们致力于弄清楚儿童是如何学会母 语、理解母语的。另一方面致力于研 究人是如何学习第二语言的。 Linguists are not sure how children learn to speak．Some linguists think that children are born with an ability to learn and use a 1anguage．This does not mean that they come into the world knowing their native language. It means that， along with many other things，they are born with the ability to learn their native language. With just a little exposure to the language，and a little help from their parents，they are able to learn to speak．Another group of linguists does not think this is correct． 语言学家并不确定儿童是如何学说话 的。一些语言学家认为儿童生来就有 学习和使用语言的能力。这并不是指 一个人的母语是与生俱来的；而是指 一个人生来具有学习其母语的能力， 这种能力与人在其他方面表现出来的 能力是相同的。孩子只要与要学习的 语言有一定接触，在父母的些许帮助 下就能够学会说话。另外一派语言学 家则对此持有异议。 This second group of linguists thinks that children learn to use a 1anguage from their parents．They believe that parents teach their children to produce sounds and words in their language．When children know some words，their parents will begin to teach them to say sentences．These linguists do not think that parents teach their children in the same way that adults are taught a second language．Instead， parents probably teach their children by talking to them and correcting their use of 1anguage. These linguists feel that children learn their language mainly from the environment . In this case，the environment is their family and their home. As you see，the first group of linguists disagrees． 持反对意见的语言学家认为儿童是跟 着父母学会使用语言的。他们认为父 母首先教孩子发声、吐字。当孩子掌 握一定词汇以后，父母就开始教他们 如何组织句子。但是他们认为，父母 教孩子的方式不同于教成年人学习第 二语言的方法。相反，父母是通过与 孩子交谈并纠正他们的语言错误来教 孩子说话的。这一派语言学家认为， 儿童主要通过语言环境学会使用语言 的。这种情况下，语言环境是家庭和 生活环境。可以看出，第一派语言学 家对此并不赞同。 There are some other theories about how children learn a language．Many people are studying the process of language learning by children．This work is being done in many countries．Linguists are not the only people who are interested in this process．Many psychologists，doctors， and parents are also interested．People who teach foreign languages are interested, too． 关于儿童如何学习语言还有一些其他 理论。许多国家中有很多人正着手研 究儿童学习语言的过程。不仅语言学 家，许多心理学家、医生和父母都对 儿童的语言学习过程感兴趣。外语教 师也对这一过程很感兴趣。 Foreign language teachers are interested in how children learn to speak their native language for a very important reason．If they knew how children learn their native language，perhaps they would have an easy way to teach adults， as well as children, a second language．This is a very interesting idea．Some foreign language teachers believe that adults learn a second language the same way children learn their native language . These teachers try to make their students' learning similar to that of children．These teachers speak only the foreign language in the classroom．They will not talk to students in the native language．They try to expose them to as much of the spoken foreign language as possible．They do not teach them any rules for using the language．Most parents don't teach their children rules for language usage，either. They simply tell them how to say something correctly．Foreign language teachers using this spoken language method do the same thing. For some students，this method is successful．They learn to speak quickly and easily．They seem to enjoy using the language，and they do not pay much attention to whether they use exactly the right rules for what they say．Some students, however，cannot learn a language this way．Linguists are trying to find another way to teach them a language． 外语教师对儿童如何学说母语感兴 趣，有其很重要的原因。他们如果知 道儿童如何学习母语，就可能找到一 种简便的方法教儿童和成年人学习第 二语言。这是一种非常有意思的想法。 有些外语教师认为成年人学习第二语 言的过程和儿童学习母语的过程是相 同的。这部分外语教师模仿儿童学习 语言的过程组织教学：课堂上只讲外 语，不与学生讲母语。他们使学生尽 可能多地接触所学外语的口语形式， 不教学生语言使用的规则。外语教师 采用这种口语教法是因为大多数父母 在教孩子说话的时候也不教孩子语言 使用规则，而只是告诉孩子怎样讲话 是正确的。对一些学生来说，这种方 法是成功的，他们能够轻而易举地、 很快地学会所学的语言。他们似乎很 喜欢去用所学的语言，并不很在意是 否使用了正确的语言规则。另外一些 学生则不适合这种方法，语言学家着 手寻找一种适合他们的教学方法。 A second method，the rule-learning method，sometimes works better with these students．Some linguists believe that learning a foreign language is different from learning to speak one's native language．They feel that students must learn the rules for using the language by memorizing them and must practice saying things in the language and using the rules correctly．These linguists try to teach students the rules of the language they want to learn．Then they give them many sentences in the language to say over and over again．The students are encouraged to make up new sentences， using the rules that they have learned and the words that they know． 另外一种方法--语言规则学习法--更适 合这部分学生。一些语言学家认为学 习外语不同于学习母语。学生必须通 过记忆来学习语言使用规则，必须练 习使用这种语言，练习正确地使用这 些规则。语言教师首先教学生要学的 语法规则，再给学生一些例句让他们 反复练习，同时鼓励学生使用所学过 的语法规则和他们所掌握的词造句。 Some students are very successful with this second, rule-learning method．They learn the language quite quickly and can use it well. They know the rules for using the language and can speak the language and understand it，too．For many students, this is the best way to learn a foreign language．For some students, both of these methods may work. Sometimes teachers use a combination of these methods in class， hoping that everyone will be able to learn the language with one method or the other. Some people can go to a country and "pick up" the language simply from hearing it and trying to communicate in it．These people are rare． 一些学生使用这种语法规则学习法效 果非常好，他们学得很快，用得也好。 他们掌握了语言使用规则，能够使用 所学的语言，也能够理解别人的话。 对一些学生来说，这是学外语最好的 方法。对另外一些学生来说，两种方 法都行之有效。有时候，老师在课堂 上将两种方法结合起来用，目的是让 每个学生都能受益。有些人能够到国 外通过倾听，与人交流等手段自然而 然的学会那个国家的语言。但这毕竟 是少数人。 Most people try to learn a language by taking classes and studying it in some way. Most teachers will try different ways to help students learn a language quickly and easily．Linguists and psychologists are trying to understand how people learn and use a language．Perhaps language 1earning will be easier when they have a clear understanding of how people learn and use a language． 大多数人还是通过课堂或者其他方式 来学语言的。大多数老师也通过不同 的教法来帮助学生轻松快速的学会一 门语言。语言学家和心理学家正致力 于弄清楚人是如何学会并使用语言 的。也许在解决了这个问题之后，语 言学习会变得容易一些。 Unit 2 Text A Caught Between Two Cultures 夹在两种文化之间 I was born and raised in Hong Kong. For the past six years I’ve been living in the United States．I work as a salesgirl in a large department store. Right now I’m going through a difficult period of my life which is hard for me to talk about． 我是土生土长的香港人。六年来一直 生活在美国，是一家大百货商店的女 售货员。目前我正经历人生中一段痛 苦，自己也很难讲述。 A few months ago 1 went to Hong Kong for a visit．It was the first time I’d gone back there since coming to the United States．I was eager to see my parents， my brothers and sisters，and my friends． 几个月前，我回香港探亲，这也是我 到美国后第一次回家探亲。我期待着 见到我的父母、兄弟姐妹和我的朋友。 I really got a shock when I arrived．Hong Kong was not the same city that I left six years ago．Things had changed so much that I didn’t recognize parts of it．My elementary school was gone．The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down and replaced by office buildings． 到达时，我确实大吃一惊。香港已经 不是六年前我离开时的那座城市了。 这儿发生了巨大的变化，一些地方都 认不出来了。我读书的那所小学已经 不复存在。曾经住过的那条街上的房 子已被拆掉，代之而起的是办公大楼。 The shock from the physical changes in the city，however，was nothing compared to the confusion and hurt I soon began to feel in my parents’ home．My family greeted me warmly when I arrived．While my mother was busy preparing a special dinner in my honor，the rest of the family eagerly asked me questions about my life in the United States．I felt happy that day and for a couple of days after，but then I began to feel that something was wrong．I noticed that my family， especially my mother, would sometimes glance at me in a strange way when I was speaking．They gradually became less warm and friendly toward me，and I became uncomfortable and confused as to（至于）why they were behaving that way. 但是，我到了父母亲家里不久，就发 现了一些令我想不通的问题，情感上 也受到了挫伤。与之相比，香港外观 上的变化给我的震惊算不得什么。我 的家人热情地迎接我回家。我母亲忙 着备饭为我接风，家里其余的人迫不 及待地问我在美国的生活。那天和之 后的几天我都非常高兴, 但是不久我 就开始感觉到事情有些不对劲儿。我 注意到，在我讲话的时候，我的家人， 尤其是我母亲，会以一种奇怪的目光 看我。渐渐地，大家对我疏远起来， 不像开始时那么热情、友好了, 我感到 不舒服，弄不明白他们为什么这样对 待我。 I decided to talk to my mother．She asked me，“Have you forgotten your Chinese way ?”I asked her what she meant．She said．“You’ve forgotten the place of women in a Chinese home．You talk when you should remain silent．You speak on matters that are of concern only to men．You speak openly of your inner feelings and desires．That’s not the way of a Chinese woman．We keep our thoughts and feelings to ourselves．” 我决定和母亲谈一谈。她问我：“你忘 了中国的规矩了吗?”我问她指的是什 么。她回答说：“你忘了中国家庭里女 人的地位了。应该保持沉默的时候， 你却在讲话。你就那些只与男人有关 的事情发表见解。你直言不讳你的内 心感受和愿望，这不是中国女人的做 法。我们的想法和感情都不说出来。” As my mother spoke，I realized what had happened to me．American including American women，are much freer in expressing their thoughts and feelings．Also American women feel as free as men to speak or give an opinion about any subject．They don’t take a silent back seat during a discussion．I guessed that through my association with Americans during the past six years，，I had gradually adopted some of their ways． 听着母亲这样讲，我意识到了是怎么 回事。美国人，包括美国女性，都非 常自由地表达自己的思想和感情。美 国男女一样，对任何问题都自由地发 表见解。在讨论中，她们不会做一个 沉默的旁观者。我想，过去六年和美 国人的交往中, 我渐渐学了他们的一 些做法。 During the next few days I tried to be a Chinese woman．But it didn’t work．My family remained distant from me．They could no longer accept me fully as one of them．I became more uncomfortable and hurt as things were said and done that made me feel that I was an outsider,a stranger in my own country． 接下来的几天，我尽力作一名中国女 性，可是没用。家人和我疏远。他们 无法完全把我当作自己人。身在家乡 却被视为外人，这使我更加不自在， 感觉受到了深深的伤害。 I cut my visit short by three weeks and came back to the United States．But coming back here didn’t lessen the confusion and pain．In fact，I feel more confused than before．I now feel homeless．I don’t feel like an American．Americans haven’t accepted me．The women I work with at the store are polite enough，but they don’t try to get close to me or let me get close to them．During the morning coffee break they make plans to have lunch together and go shopping．On Fridays they talk about the disco place they’re going to that night．My accent，my name，and 1