2014年3月中高级口译英译汉答案解析

2014年3月中级口译英译汉答案含解析

原文：

In the near future, professors will run their courses over digital platforms capable of collecting data on each student's progress. These platforms were initially developed for massive open online courses. However, universities are now folding these platforms back into their traditional classes because they make it easier to share content, host discussions and keep track of student work. Soon, they will be able to monitor which students are spending 15 minutes on a calculus problem and which ones slog away for an hour. This can raise red flags for professors about who might need extra help.

As more classes move partially or entirely online, the requirements of having a uniform start and end date diminish. It means some students could sail through a semester's worth of classes in a few weeks and then start again with new courses.

It used to be that getting accepted to a prestigious university was how you accessed the best professors and could hang out with the smartest students. That's because universities were, for the most part, closed information systems that doled out their content to a select few. That's changing. 参考译文：

在不久的将来，教授们将会使用一种能够收集每位学生的学习进度数据的数字平台来授课。最初开发这些平台是为了服务于海量的在线公开课程。然而，由于这些平台能够更加便捷地分享教学内容、开展课程讨论并同步学生学业进度，现如今各大高校都转而将其应用到传统课堂中。

很快，这些平台将能够监测哪些学生在某个微积分问题上仅花费了15分钟，而哪些却苦干了一个小时。红旗标识将会被标出，以便教授们了解哪些学生需要额外帮助。

随着更多的课程被部分或全部搬到网上，学校不再需要统一的课程起止时间。这就意味着有些学生可以在几周内完成整个学期的课程，然后再投入新课程的学习。

过去，要想在一所著名大学里有所发展，就要了解如何结识最出色的教授以及结交最聪明的学生。那是因为，大多数情况下，大学都曾是封闭的信息系统，只对少数出类拔萃的群体开放其教学内容。但这些都在改变。

【评析】

1、However, universities are now folding these platforms back into their traditional classes because they make it easier to share content, host discussions and keep track of student work.

解析：fold back 在这里体现出数字平台最初开发为了服务在线教学，但高校如今将它的应用回归到传统教学中。为了译出back的意思，使用“转而”比较贴切。

share content, host discussions, keep track of student work在结构和内容上并行，因此在保留原文动宾结构的情况下，利用增译法将三个名词分别译为“教学内容”、“课程讨论”和“学业进度”，在内容上也相互呼应。

参考译文：然而，由于这些平台能够更加便捷地分享教学内容、开展课程讨论并同步学生学业进度，现如今各大高校都转而将其应用到传统课堂中。

2、Soon, they will be able to monitor which students are spending 15 minutes on a calculus problem and which ones slog away for an hour.

解析：原文中花费15分钟和苦干一小时形成对比，因此翻译时需要体现此对比关系。

参考译文：很快，这些平台将能够监测哪些学生在某个微积分问题上仅花费了15分钟，而哪些却苦干了一个小时。

3、It used to be that getting accepted to a prestigious university was how you accessed the best professors and could hang out with the smartest students.

解析：getting accepted to不要直译为“为......所接受”，否则太过生硬。access意为“接近，使用”，hang out 意为“与......出去玩”，此处根据上下文意思，译为“结识”和“结交”更加恰当。参考译文：过去，要想在一所著名大学里有所发展，就要了解如何结识最出色的教授以及结交最聪明的学生。

2014年3月中级口译汉译英答案含解析

原文：

国际金融危机爆以来，国际组织和各国政府、企业界和专家学者都在深刻反思，探究危机产生的原因，寻求世界经济和各国经济未来发展之路。对中国经济发展的成就，有喝彩的，也有怀疑的；对中国经济的未来，有看好的，也有唱衰的。对此，我们的头脑是清醒的，胸中是有数的，信心是坚定的。

我们坚持用改革的办法破解发展难题，不断完善社会主义市场经济体制。我们全面推进社会事业发展，覆盖城乡的社会保障体系初步形成，使“学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居”的理想逐步变成现实。

参考译文：

Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, profound reflection has multiplied among international organizations, governments, business communities and the academia as a method for exploring causes of the crisis and ways for global and national economy. China's economic achievement has arisen both cheers and boos, so does its future prospect. However, in this regard, we are clear in mind with thoughtful plans and firm confidence.

We will adhere to the reforms in addressing problems relating to the development and continuously perfect the economic system in the socialist market. We will propel the thrive of social undertakings and preliminarily form the social security system covering urban and rural areas so as to gradually achieve the aim that students have access to education, employees to pay, patients to medical treatments, elders to good care and residents to housing.

【评析】

文本节选自第五届夏季达沃斯论坛中温家宝出席开幕式时的演讲。此次演讲中，他清楚表明了关于中国未来发展的立场、政策，并传达了中国希冀与世界共同繁荣的美好愿景。

原文表述通俗易懂，语言具有中国特色。在翻译时应当抓住句子的本质内涵，切忌按部就班、字字对译。对于“学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居”这类表述，应当做到清楚明了，句式符合英文语法。此外，考生还应注意译文与原文文风保持一致。

2014年3月中级口译

Sentence Translation

1. According to some research, men visit the doctor less frequently over their life times than women. And they have a shorter life expectancy.

研究表明，和女性相比，男性一生中看医生的次数较少，所以他们的寿命也较短。

2. This is the age of more. We have more choice, more consumption, more fun, more competition and more anxiety. We have entered a world of excess and age of over abundance.

这是一个什么都变得更多的时代。我们有更多的选择，更多消耗，更多乐趣，更激烈的竞争和更多的焦虑。我们进入了一个“超额”的世界和“过量”的时代。

3. Television has been called a source of information, a means of entertainment, and is especially by its severest critics, a plug-in and an electronic drug.

电视被认为是一种信息源，一种娱乐方式，也被最严厉的批评家认为是一个插座和电子毒药。

4. Nearly half of the houses in Britain are owned by the people who live in them. About 1/3 are owned by the local authorities and the rest are rented from private owners.

在英国，几乎一半的房子由房屋所有者居住，大约1/3由当地政府居住，其余的由私人房主出租。

5. We live longer lives now. In fact, by 2036, it is estimated that older people 65 years and older will account for 1/5 of the population.

如今，我们寿命更长。事实是，预计到2036年，达到并超过65岁的老人会占到总人口的1/5。

Passage Translation 1

Spending your vacation in a foreign country is horrible. First, you have to start early and become increasingly anxious with each passing day. When everything is OK and you really set off，you may find yourself in a car for hours. It is hot and you’re thirst y. And finally when you arrive at your destination, you’re in a strange place with strange people around. You’re confused and lost. You may be a little curious or a little excited, but as a matter of fact, very, very tired.

【参考译文】

国外度假可不是什么美事。首先，你不得不早早准备起来，同时焦虑感与日俱增。等一切搞定、真正出发时，路途又得耗上好几个小时。又热又渴的你，最终总算到了目的地，可身处异乡，周围全是陌生人，你又困惑又迷茫，也可能有那么一点儿好奇与兴奋，事实是，你已经筋疲力尽了。

【点评】

本篇短文指出了去国外旅行的一些不便之处。文章以口头语为主，较为简单。在翻译过程中，需要注意的是，英语口头语中大量的you，应灵活处理。不一定处处都要把这一人称代词翻进来，使得整个语段生硬。

Passage Translation 2

If your great grandparents were born in a rich country in the early 1900s, their lifespan would have been about 50. Today people in developed countries have a life expectancy of 80 or more. This is because the improvements of public health, such as running water and flushing toilets and then medical care. But these improvements have mostly benefited richer nations. There are still places in the world that don’t have clean water, enough food and enough doctors. So people there often suffer from famine and disease.

【参考译文】

如果你的祖父母出生于1900年代早期的富裕国家，他们的寿命可能是50来岁。现今在发达国家，人的平均寿命可达80岁甚至以上。这是由于自来水、冲水马桶以及医疗等公共卫生条件的改善。但这些改善大多惠及富裕国家。世界上仍有许多地方没有干净的水、足够的食物和医生。因此，那里的人们经常被饥饿和疾病折磨。

【点评】

本篇短文属于社会生活类。谈到了公共卫生与人的寿命之间的关系。其中有几处约定俗成的翻译，需要注意：life expectancy（寿命），running water（自来水），flushing toilets（冲水马桶、抽水马桶），medical care（医疗）。虽然结合日常生活经验，文章内容考生较为熟悉，但可能由于缺乏相关词汇的积累而译成文字的表面意思。这就再次提醒大家，口译需要准备

时处处做个有心人，记录一切遇到的常用表达。

2014年3月高级口译听力答案Sentence Translation

Sentence Translation

1. High-school-age boys are more likely to be obese than their female counterparts. Only 30% of high-school-age boys get the recommended 60 minutes of daily exercise.

高中男生比同龄女生更容易肥胖。只有30%的高中男生达到了推荐的每天1小时的运动量。

2. Innovation is like a bamboo shoot. A bamboo shoot spends many years underground, and then it just peaks its head up like a seeding and it just shows up very quickly.

创新就像竹笋。竹笋深埋地下多年之后，就像种子一样破土而出、快速成长。

3. Wal-Mart will be offering some online specials as early as 8:00 a.m. on Thanks giving. Some of the in-store deals will also be available online, but others will be Internet-only specials.

沃尔玛将在感恩节早上八点提供网购特价产品。一些实体店商品也可以在网上买到，但还有一些只供网路销售。

4. Small companies can't get the credit they need. Statistics show that a big drop in landing to small businesses in the last quarter of 2012 and conditions that remain tight through 2013.

小公司不能获得他们想要的贷款了。数据表明，2012年最后一个季度小额借贷出现较大跌幅，2013年形势依然紧张。

5. Eating more than 18 ounces of red meat per week ups your risk of colorectal cancer. Its risk also rises by 40% with every three ounces serving of process meat eating per day.

每周食用超过18盎司的红肉将增加罹患结肠癌的风险。每天吃3盎司的加工肉制品则会使这种患病风险增加40%。

Passage Translation E-C 1

Crime can be divided into two main categories, misdemeanors and felonies. A misdemeanor such as pick-pocketing, or something of bad nature is punishable with more than 15 days in prison but less than 1 year. Felonies are serious crimes, such as burglary, robbery, kidnapping and murder. These crimes are so serious that anyone found guilty will spend some time in prison. When a person who commits a crime is courted that person who is called a defendant or the accused go through a legal process. If the person is found guilty, then the judge decides what the punishment should be.

【参考译文】

犯罪可被分为两类：轻罪和重罪。类似扒窃，或者一些不好的行为习惯会被判处一年以内，15天以上的监禁。重罪即严重罪行，例如：盗窃、抢劫、劫持和谋杀。这些罪行非常严重，因此任何人被认定有重罪都将会在监狱待上一段时间。当罪犯被诉讼到法院改称“被告”或“被控告者”时，需要走法律程序。如果此人被认定有罪，则由法官判定处以何种处罚。

【评析】

本篇文章内容为法律相关的“法言法语”。从结构上而言，依然是历年来常见的总-分结构。但对于大部分考生而言，不常接触这类题材，难度较大。尤其是一些法律专业术语，如：misdemeanors（轻罪）、felonies （重罪），burglary（盗窃）等。本篇听译也提醒各位考生，应尽可能扩大平时的阅读、听力背景知识领域，从新闻、法律、文化、经济等多角度进行积累。

Passage Translation E-C 2

Culture shock is the term used to describe the experience many people have when they travel to

another country. It shows what happens when an individual suddenly experiences the different culture rules of another social group. Culture shock is a complex p henomenon. But I’m going to focus on three main ideas today. First of all, we will consider the reasons why people experience culture shock. Secondly, I will describe the different stages of this experience. Finally, I’ll mention why we have spent so much time and money to study this phenomenon. You might think that culture shock affects, see, only travelers. But that is not the case; in fact cross-culture studies have immersed practical value for modern society.

【参考译文】

文化冲突，用来形容人们在他国旅行时所形成的不同感受。文化冲突显示出个人在突然经历另一社会群体的不同文化规则时所发生的一切。文化冲突是一种复杂的现象。不过今天我将主要从三个主要方面展开讨论。第一，我们一起来考虑为什么人们会感觉到文化冲突。第二，我会讲解文化冲突的几个不同阶段。最后，我会提到我们为什么要花费如此多的时间和金钱来研究这一现象。你或许认为文化冲突仅仅影响旅行者们。但事实并非如此，实际上跨文化研究对当代社会有巨大的现实意义。

【评析】

文化冲突，用来形容人们在他国旅行时所形成的不同感受。文化冲突显示出个人在突然经历另一社会群体的不同文化规则时所发生的一切。文化冲突是一种复杂的现象。不过今天我将主要从三个主要方面展开讨论。第一，我们一起来考虑为什么人们会感觉到文化冲突。第二，我会讲解文化冲突的几个不同阶段。最后，我会提到我们为什么要花费如此多的时间和金钱来研究这一现象。你或许认为文化冲突仅仅影响旅行者们。但事实并非如此，实际上跨文化研究对当代社会有巨大的现实意义。

2014年3月高级口译汉译英答案含解析

原文：

我们认识到，改革是一场深刻的革命，涉及重大利益关系调整，涉及各方面体制机制完善。中国改革已进入攻坚期和深水区。这是因为，当前改革需要解决的问题格外艰巨，都是难啃的硬骨头，这个时候就要一鼓作气，瞻前顾后、畏葸不前不仅不能前进，而且可能前功尽弃。中国是一个大国，决不能在根本性问题上出现颠覆性错误，一旦出现就无法挽回、无法弥补。我们的立场是胆子要大、步子要稳，既要大胆探索、勇于开拓，也要稳妥审慎、三思而后行。我们要坚持改革开放正确方向，敢于啃硬骨头，敢于涉险滩，敢于向积存多年的顽瘴痼疾开刀，切实做到改革不停顿、开放不止步。

参考译文：

We perceive the reform as a profound revolution, involving adjustment of relationships among major stakeholders and improvement of multiple systems and mechanisms. China’s reform has entered a phase of toughness and hardness. Confronted with the extraordinary difficulty in addressing problems in reforms, we need to gather all the courage and strength since hesitation will lead to no progress and even the deprivation of what we have accomplished.

When it comes to fundamental issues, China, as a country of profound influences, can't afford any subversive mistake, which would be irretrievable upon emerging. We should keep both courageous exploration and prudent actions based on the standpoint of bravery and steady progress. Marching in the correct direction of the reform and opening-up, we should dare to challenge hard nuts, tough situations and longstanding problems so as to achieve the persistence and eternity of the reform and opening-up.

【评析】

文本节选自习近平主席在亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会上的演讲。此次演讲中，他向世界展示了中国的改革最强音，对于中国未来走向何方，如何深入贯彻改革进行了充分阐述。

原文对仗工整、富有文采，多用四字成语。在翻译时不宜拘泥于原文结构和字面意义，应在理解原意的基础上，按照英文的习惯，清晰表达段落意思。同时，考生还应注意译文与原文文风的匹配，尽可能保留原文的气势。