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公共英语PETS三级阅读与翻译试题训练一

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Democracy and personal liberty are not limitless, and they are under the control of certain conditions. It is known that in most parts of the world, the relation between population and resources is already unfavorable and will probably become even more unfavorable in the future.民主和个人自由并非没有界限，而是受到某些条件的制约。众所周知，在世界绝大多数地方，人口和资源的关系已经非常不利，而且将来可能会更加不利。

The unbalanced relation between population and resources makes the growing poverty more deteriorat-ing. This growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace. And not only to peace, but also to democratic institutions and personal liberty. For over-population is not compatible with freedom. An unfavor-able relationship between numbers and recourses tends to make the earning of a living almost intolerably difficult. Labor is more abundant than goods, and the individual is forced to work long hours for little pay. The un-friendly nature or the equally unfriendly wielders of po-litical and economic power enable labor to have no sur-plus of accumulated purchasing power. 人口和资源之间不平衡的关系，使得不断增长的贫困现象更加恶化。不断增长的贫困，不仅对世界和平构成永久的威胁，而且还对民主设置和个人自由造成损害。因为过多人口就不能自由地和谐相处。人口数和资源间的不利关系，往往使得谋生达到几乎无法忍受的困难程度。劳动力比商品更加丰富，个人为获得可怜的工资被迫工作更长的时间。不友善的自然或者同样不友善的政治、经济权力的掌控者，使得劳动力没有剩余的购买力。

Democracy is, among other thin gs, the ability to say “no” to the boss. As a man lives in a society confining to a govern-ment, he can’t say “no” to the boss, unless he is sure of being able to eat when the boss’s favor has been with-drawn. And he cannot be certain of his next meal un-l ess he owns the means of producing enough wealth for his family to live on, or has been able to accumulate sur-plus out of past wages. If he had a chance of moving to virgin territories, where he could make a fresh start, he would be able to say “no”to the boss, but there is no free land. 民主有别于其他事情，是对老板说“不”的能力。作为一个生活在受政府支配的社会中的人，除非他确信没有政府的恩惠他也能够吃饱，除非他拥有的财产能足够满足家庭生存，或者从过去工资中积累了可观的剩余，否则是不会对老板说不的。如果他有机会迁到未开垦的疆域，一切可以重新开始，他甘愿对老板说“不”，但世上并没有自由国。

In an overcrowded country, very few people own enough to make them financially independent; very few people are in a position to accumulate purchasing power. Moreover, in any country

where population presses hard upon natural resources, the general eco-nomic situation is apt to be so precarious that govern-ment control of capital and labor, production and con-sumption, becomes inevitable. It results that democratic ideals will not work in conditions of poverty and extreme social unrest.

在人口过度拥挤的国家，很少人拥有能够在经济上保持独立的财产，很少人的购买力能够不断增长。而且，在任何国家，如果人口给自然资源带来巨大压力，那么，普遍的经济状况就会趋于不稳定，政府对资本、劳动力、生产和消费的控制就不可避免。其结果是在贫困和极度社会动荡条件下，民主理念不起作用。

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2019年公共英语三级考试题及答案：写作 Directions： Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words. Beijing has extended its ban on operating outdoor barbecues from the city center outward to selected suburbs, according to municipal authorities. A year ago, Beijing banned restaurants from operating outdoor barbecues within the fourth ring road area. And now, the ban has extended to several suburbs, including Mentougou, Fangs- han, Tongzhou, Shunyi, Daxing, Pinggu and Miyun. The barbecue ban was announced to reduce Beijing' s air pollution, as barbecue has long been accused as one of the major contributors to haze. According to Wang Yuesi, a researcher from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics in Chinese Academy of Sciences, barbecuing can generate a lot of PM 2.5, harmful airborne particles measur- ing less than 2.5 microns in diameter. "Considering the seriousness of the air pollution in Beijing, we have to ban everything that may do harm to our environment!" Wang said. The issue has divided Chinese netizens, as half agreed with the policy while the other half called this grand plan nothing but "empty talk. "

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