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英汉翻译第十讲练习讲解学习

英汉翻译第十讲练习讲解学习
英汉翻译第十讲练习讲解学习

第十讲练习

将下列各句译成中文。

1.We have received your letter of June 9, enquiring about the best terms of the goods.

2.Your early reply to our specific inquiry will be highly. appreciated.

3.Pursuant to your request, we are airmailing you two copies of our latest price-list covering various minerals.

4.We could not deliver the total quantity by one shipment. Since this was unforeseen, we hereby request you to amend the L/C by deleting the special clause “partial shipment not allowed.”

5.All expenses and risks thereinafter shall be born by your side.

6.Upon first presentation the buyer shall pay against documentary draft drawn by the seller at sight. The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.

7.In the event the Buyer does not furnish the seller with shipping instructions on or be-fore August 17,2007,the Seller may at his option cancel this contract and demand the Buyer to pay any damages he has sustained on account of such failure of the Buyer to give such instructions.

8.Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Contract, or the breach ,termination or invalidity thereof, shall be settled through amicable negotiation, the case shall then be submitted for

arbitration. The location of arbitration shall be in the country of the domicile of the defendant.

9.If any change is required regarding the terms and conditions of this Agreement, then both parties shall negotiate in order to find a suitable solution, provided that any change of this Agreement shall be subject to the approval by the Canadian Government.

10.Payment by draft payable 90days after sight, documents against acceptance.

1.贵方六月九号关于询盘该物品优惠条件的信函已收到。

2.如蒙贵方早日答复我方具体询价,将不胜感激。

3.依照您的要求,我方将最近两份复制版的多种矿石价目表空邮给您。

4.我方将无法一次性运完所有货品。由于此情况不可预见,我方在此请求贵方删除许可证的相关内容,即“禁止分批运输”。

5.此后发生的一切风险与开支均由贵方承担。

6.买方凭卖方开具的发票,见发票即付款并取走该发票。该发票为即期跟单类型。

7.若买方在2007年8月17日前未能向卖方发出运货通知,则卖方课自行决定取消该合同,并要求买方赔偿因取消合同对其造成的一切经济损失。

8.关于本合同以及由于本合同修改,终止或无效或者与之相关的争端,争议或索赔,应该通过友好协商解决。若无法通过友好协商解决,

则应通过所在国的仲裁机构加以仲裁解决。

9.如果对本合同的条款进行修改,合同双方应该协商解决,但对协议修改的内容均必须通过加拿大政府批准方可生效。

10凭见票后90天内付款有效,承兑交单。

11.“Provisional Sum ”means a sum included in the Contract and so designated in the Bill of Quantities for the execution of work or the supply of goods, materials, or services, or for contingencies, which sum may be used, in whole or in part, or not at all, at the direction and discretion of the Engineer.

12.The Contractor shall, subject to the provisions of the Contract, and with due care and diligence, execute and maintain the Works and provide all labor, including the supervision thereof, materials, constructional plant and all other things, whether of a temporary or permanent nature, required in and for such execution and maintenance. 13.No salary shall be paid and charged against the operating expenses, provided that the commission or brokerage of the Second Party shall be paid and charged as a part of the operating expenses.

14.If the technical documentation supplied by Party B is not in conformity with Clause 9.1 of the Contract, Party B shall ,within 30days after the receipt of Party A’s notification, airmail free of charge to

Party A the correct, complete and legible version.

15.The Seller, provided that Buyer so agrees, may retain the whole or part of the said incomplete equipment, fabricated or unfabricated parts, work-in-process, and other material referred to in paragraph (D) of this Article in which the amount to be paid by the Buyer shall be reduced by

a sum equal to the value of the property so retained.

16.Within 30days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30, 000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time.

17.Should the Seller fail to make delivery in time as stipulated in the Contract with the exception of force majeure specified in Clause 18 of this Contract, the Buyers shall agree to postpone the delivery on condition that the Seller (should)agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under negotiation.

18.Seller shall have the option of delivering 5% more or less on the contract quantity. Such surplus or deficiency shall be settled at the market price on the day if the vessel’s arrival, the value shall be fixed by arbitration unless mutually agreed.

19.Washing : Soak the clothes in warm water below 30C for a while before you brush them slightly. Dry by airing after squeezing the water

out. Avoid dry cleaning, machine cleaning and drying in the sun. Don’t wring out. No coloring.

20.In case the contract is concluded on CIF basis, the insurance shall be effected by the Seller for 110% of invoice value covering all risks, war risk, S.R.C.C. risks ( i. e. Strike, Riot, and Civil Commotions).

答案:

1.贵方六月九日关于该货优惠条款询盘的来函已收到

2.如蒙贵方早日答复我方的具体询价,不胜感激。

3.按贵方要求,慈航邮我方多种矿石的最新价格表两份。

4.我方无法一次装运交货。由于此情况未能预见,特请求贵方修改信用证,即删除“不许分批装运”条款

5.此后发生的一切开支费用及风险损失均由贵方承担。

6.买方凭卖方开具的即期跟单汇票,于第一次见票时立即付款,付款后交单。

7.如买方正2007年月17日之前未向卖方发出装运通知,则卖方可自行决定取消本合同,并要求买方赔偿因未发出装运通知而使其蒙受的一切经济损失。

8.由于本合同或者由于违反本合同、终止本合同或者本合同无效而发生的或与此有关的任何争端、争议或索赔,双方应通过友好协商解决;如果协商不能解决,应当提交仲裁。仲裁应当在被告户籍所在国进行。

9.如果对本协议条款进行修改,双方应协商解决,但对协议定任何

修改内容必须经加拿大政府批准方为有效。

10.凭见票后90天付款的汇票付款,承兑交单。

11.“备用款”是指合同所含并在工程清单中指定的款项。它可用于施工、供货、供料、服务,或其他用途,按工程师的指令或由他决定全部或部分使用或完全不用。

12.承包人根据本合同的各项规定,小心谨慎、恪尽职守地进行施工和维修,并提供所有劳务,包括工程监理、材料、施工设备以及施工和维修临时或永久需要的其它全部材料。

13.若应将支付第二方的佣金或扣作为营业费用的一部分,则不

应再营业费中付和计算薪金。

14.如果乙方提供技术资料不符合第9条第1款之规定,乙方应在收到甲方的通知之日起30天内,免费将准确的、完整的、清晰易读的技术资料航空邮寄给甲方。

15.如果买方同意,卖方可以全部或部分地保留上述未完成的设备、已加工或未加工的零件以及正在进行的工作和本条(D)款所述其它材料,这将因此使买方少支付这部分货物时费用。

16.买方须于本合同签字并生效后30天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤消信用证支付全部货款计30 000美元,以便卖方可以及时提取该款。

17.如果卖方并非因本合同第18条规定的不可抗力而未按合同规定的期限交货,那么,只要卖方同意支付罰金,并由付款行从付款中扣除,买方便同意卖方延期交货。

18.卖方有权按合同规定数量的5%溢短交货,溢短部分的价格依船抵之日的市价来定。如果双方不能达成协议,该价格须通过仲裁确定。

19.洗涤:将衣服投入摄氏30度以下温水浸泡片刻,摊平轻刷。

挤出水后晾干。避免干洗、机洗、暴晒。不要拧干。不许染色。20.按到岸价签订单合同,卖方应按发票金额的110%投保综合险、战争险、罢工险、暴乱险和民变险。

二.将下列各句译成英语的技术资料航空邮寄给甲方。1.承包人须确保该工程在本合同第43条规定的工期内竣工。

2.本合同须经进出口国政府的批准

3.我方做出的如下报盘以货物未售出为有效期。4.质量严格按照卖方提供的样品为准。

5.据我方所查,该货早在二月就交付了

6.我们根据市面价格给自己的原油定价。

7.按我方总部设指令,我们向贵方报价如下。

8.甲乙双方须根据所述合同条款进行施工。

9.乙方若续租该套房,必须于合同期满前两个月书面通知甲方并另顶租凭合同。

10.如果贵方价格很有竞争性,我方就可大量出售服装。

11.双方本着友好合作的精神,签订本合同,其条款如下:

12.本法所称外贸商(foreign trade dealers),是指依法照本法规定从事外贸经营活动的法人(legal entities)和其他公司。13.本合同一式两份,合同双方各执一份,并各保留两份复印件,供双方存档。

14.根据《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》(Law

英汉翻译评析(附参考译文)

英汉翻译讲解(1) I.英汉之间的差别: “对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。”------吕叔湘 国内学者的共识是:汉语是综合性的,描写性的,而英语是分析性的,逻辑性的。在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比(contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis),英语重形合(形式上的融合),汉语重意合(意思或意境的融合)。在句法方面,有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种: 1.雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来,开门见山,一语破的,然后再把各种标志一条条补述,一步步交代,慢条斯理,从容不迫,形成一条头短尾长地线性链,象头小尾大地雄孔雀。而汉语则相反,其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛,先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到,最后点出话语的信息中心,水到渠成,给人以豁然开朗之感,形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。 例如:I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 译文:由于贵国政府的提议,才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。 又如:The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely (不足地,不充分地;一定不,绝不)contested (斗争;比赛). 译文:如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位,不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展,要享受其基本权利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。 2.葡萄/竹竿-----即把英语句子比作“葡萄型”结构,葡萄主干很短,其上附结着丰硕的果实。而汉语句子则较短,一个短句接一个短句地往下叙述,逐步展开,内容像竹竿一样一节一节展开,常称为“竹竿型”结构。 She was beautiful, with long dark hair and brilliant green eyes.她长得很美,一头乌黑亮丽的长发,一双晶莹明亮的绿色眼睛。 She has smooth akin as pale and iridescent as the moon shining over a snow-covered landscape.她光滑的肌肤白里透红,宛如皎洁的月光洒在茫茫血地上。 3.多枝共干----英语句子中还有两个或几个动词共受一个状语修饰,共有一个主语或宾语,或者两个或几个状语共同修饰一个动词,两个或几个主语或宾语共一个动词,这就好比几根树枝长在同一根树干上,我们称为“多枝共干”式结构。 4.也有学者认为英语是一种弥漫着“男子气”的语言。逻辑性、组织性和理性是以英语为母语的民族的思维支撑点,从而就形成了英语的“阳刚之美”。而汉语自有汉语之美。汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹,不执着于形式结构的规范,中国人的思维支撑点似乎更具有抽象,深邃和疏放的取向,由此繁衍生出的是显赫的暗示和幽远的意境从而形成汉语的“阴柔之美”。汉语的魅力在于她的流散和疏放,系于她超凡的暗示力和意境性。所以汉语的形式机制很弱,主谓宾没有形式标定,主谓间关系松散,宾语无定格,无定位,主语的超句承接功能很强。 如果说汉语是一种“人治”语言,那么,英语则是一种“理性”语言。汉语能化逻辑为内在,英语则必须将逻辑外化,化作种种行合的标记,化作启转承合的纽带。英语语法规范森严,理性十足;英语形式逻辑缜密,滴水不漏。 5.汉语是一种意境语言,一种艺术语言。寥寥数词,就能出意境,出氛围,出画面。

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考: 翻译教学和研究的经验表明:翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧,如选词(Diction)、转换(Conversion)、增补(Amplification)、省略(Omission)、重复(Repetition)、替代(Substitution)、变换(Variation)、倒臵(Inversion)、拆离(Division)、缀合(Combination)、阐释(Annotation)、浓缩(Condensation)、重组(Reconstruction),以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法,都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换,也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难,归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此,对比、分析和归纳这些差异,便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译,也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析,人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性,在进行交际时,能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法,以顺应这些差异,防止表达错误,避免运用失当,从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能,《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来,“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”,但同时,“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译,译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的,既是精神的,也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中,经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇,他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述:描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇,也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的,是语言与文化层面的逻辑性,这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说:“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性,而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现,相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象,我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏,因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意,如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意,但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间,迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间,英语与法语的天平有所侧重,在两者的遭遇中,译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思,相反,在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中,他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说:“只有在接触外语时,我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷,因此,只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我,可作一明镜,从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上,与异语文化的接触,有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足,便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养,弥补自身,丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中,纪德亲历了种种障碍,他结合翻译中的具体例证,作了某

《新英汉翻译教程》章课后答案

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《英汉翻译教程》 第一章总论 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 (张培基等1983) 我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有―象胥‖(谓通言语之官)这一名目,唐朝贾公彦所作的《义疏》里提到―译即易,谓换易言语使相解也。‖这条注疏,关于翻译的定义,足以给人不少启发。用现代文艺理论和语言理论,也许可以诠释为:翻译是把一种语言文字换易成另一种语言文字,而并不变更所蕴含的意义,——或用近年流行的术语说,并不变更所传递的信息,——以达到彼此沟通,互相了解的目的。 (罗新璋1984) 一、关于翻译 何谓翻译?关于翻译的定义很多。根据《现代汉语词典》,翻译是―把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来‖。根据《剑桥语言百科全书》,―翻译‖这个中性术语是指将一种语言(―原语‖)里的词句的意思转变为另一种语言(―目的语‖)的意思所做的一切,不论其手段是说话、写字还是做手势。美国著名翻译理论家奈达认为,所谓翻译,是指从语义到语体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。(《奈达论翻译》,1984)有人把翻译看作是一门科学(science),因为它有自身的规律可循;有人看作是一门艺术(art),因为它是译者对原文再创造的过程;也有人看作是一门手艺(craft),因为原语的信息需要用地道恰当的目的语再现。在自动化数据处理中,翻译又被定义为:―将计算机信息从一种语言转换成另一种语言,或将字符从一种表示转换成另一种表示。‖(《现代科学技术词典》上海科学技术出版社1980)凡此种种,不一而足。但是,在经济和文化日益全球化的今天,翻译的重要性是有目共睹的。 翻译是国际间理解的钥匙,据说西欧的文明归功于翻译者(据L·G·凯里1979)。季羡林教授也说,翻译是永葆中华文明青春的万应灵药。前中国驻联合国代表凌青先生说,从中国来讲,没有翻译工作,就没有中国***和中国近代的革命运动,就没有中国成功的对外开放和四个现代化;从世界范围来讲,没有翻译,就没有世界和平,就没有各种国际交往,就没有一个共同繁荣的美好世界的未来。中国加入WTO后,翻译的重要作用就更是不可忽视。经济竞争是在交际中进行,而没有翻译在场,交际就很难进行,交际不成,生意就做不成。因此,翻译的作用,再怎么强调也不过分。 关于翻译的种类可以从下面几个角度来划分: (1)从原语和目的语的角度来看,翻译可分为本族语译为外语,外语译为本族语两大类。 (2)从翻译的手段来看,可分为口译、笔译、手势翻译和机器翻译。

杨士焯《英汉翻译教程(第2版)》笔记和课后习题详解(翻译的技巧篇)

第3章翻译的技巧篇 3.1 复习笔记 一、翻译技巧 1. 概述:翻译技巧说到底就是对语言差异的“灵巧”处理,是译者熟练而巧妙地运用各种翻译手法,完美地表达思想内容的技能,它可以在长期反复的“操作训练”中为人所掌握。 2. 基本方法:拆译、词性转译、精简、增补、倒置、反译、虚译和实译、词语褒贬翻译、被动式翻译、数字倍数翻译等。这些翻译技巧在同一个句子中互相穿插,互为补充。 二、拆译 1. 原因:中英句法不同 英语:句法连绵,一个主句可以与众多的修饰词组、短语、从句共同组成; 汉语:句法短促,从容不迫。 2. 从译文比较看拆译 译文的语言形式必须符合译文的语言习惯。由于中英句法不同,因此应将原文打破重组,或抽词拆译、或抽短语词组拆译,要避免“上下三十六根牙齿嚼不烂”的“翻译腔”。 原文语言中最习见最自然的表现法,在译文中也必须用译文语言中最习见最自然的表现法来翻译,例: He crashed down on a protesting chair.

【生硬译文】他猛然坐到一张吱吱地发出抗议声的椅子。 【自然译文】他猛然坐到一把椅子上,椅子被压得吱吱作响。 【评析】在英文中“protesting”可以直接修饰后面的词,直翻成汉语“抗议”是行不通。因此应展开联想,将这类词所含的内容从句中拉出来,单独加以表述。在汉语中用拟声词表达自然生动,因此“吱吱作响”是最自然的表达。 3. 长句拆译 原因:中文表述无法按照其英文句法展开。中文最忌讳的是长长的一句话中间不带一个标点符号,非拆不可。例: They represented a worthy beginning to the reshaping of the United Nations concept of collective effort in international and national economic development. 【译文】这个宣言和行动纲领表明了一个可贵的开端,那就是在国际和国家经济发展方面,联合国提出了一个同心协力的新概念。 【评析】译者将长句分为两个小分句。先概说,再展开说明,用“那就是”来作为连接。该译文的亮点是把“reshape”一词拆开来译:先译“shape”,与主语“联合国”相搭配,作“提出”;再译前缀“re-”作“新”,修饰宾语“概念”。其次,“collective effort”译成“同心协力”,而不是“集体努力”的刻板翻译。 4. 短句拆译 These alternations of mood were the despair and joy of Ethan Frome. 【译文】她这样一会儿一种心绪,叫伊坦时而灰心,时而高兴。(吕叔湘译) 【评析】英语的名词化短语的翻译是一个难点。“alternations of mood”如果不能化开,就可能译成“这些情绪上的交替变化”,读来非常生硬。译者将其译成“一会儿一种”,后面的“and”译成“时而……时而……”,这样整个句子都盘活了,堪称佳译。

《英汉翻译理论与实践》教学大纲

《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程教学大纲 (英文名称E-C Translation: Theory and Practice) 一、课程说明 课程编码 22110280 课程总学时 32 周学时 2 学分 1.5 课程性质专业必修课适用专业英语专业1、教学内容与学时安排(见下表): 教学内容与学时安排表

2、课程教学目的与要求: 本课程是高等学校英语专业三年级学生开设的一门专业必修课。它是理论与实践相结合的一门课程,其主要目的在于使学生具备笔头英汉翻译的基本能力。通过介绍各类文体语言的特点、汉英两种语言的对比和分析以及各种不同文体的翻译方法,使学生掌握英汉翻译的基本理论,掌握英汉词语、长句及各种文体的翻译技巧和英译汉的能力。要求译文比较准确、流畅,翻译速度达到每小时250-300字。 3、本门课程与其它课程关系: 本课程为英语专业本科三年级学生开设。学生在修该课程之前已修完综合阅读,综合英语,语法学,词汇学,英美文化等课程,这些课程都为学生修该课程奠定了扎实的语言基础。该课程又是学生综合英语语言运用能力的体现和反映,它的开设不仅能提高学生的翻译能力,而且它与英美文学,语言学,口译,高级英语等都能帮助学生进一步提高他们的综合英语语言运用能力。 4、推荐教材及参考书: 教材采用孙致礼编著的《新编英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社(2003年4月第1版)教学参考书 Baker, Mona. 2001. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Bassnett S, Lefevere A. 2001. Constructing Cultures: Essays On Literary Translation.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. Brown Gillian & Yule George. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 2000 Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. Hatim B. 2001. Communication Across Cultures:Translation Theory and Contrastive Text

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