英国文学总结

一：The Anglo-Saxon period (450----1066)

1.First Anglo-Saxon poet : Caedom.

2. Two highlights in the development of the Anglo-Saxon literature----- Northumbrian school and Wessex literature

3.“Father of English History” is Venerable Bede. “英国历史之父“

代表作：The Ecclesiastical History of the English People

4. The king Alfred

代表作：The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

He created a style of Anglo-Saxon prose which was not obscure.

他创造了Anglo-Saxon散文体。

5. Anglo-Saxon poetry: Beowulf 贝奥武夫

( national and religion epic)

A mixture of paganism and Christian elements .

Using alliteration, kenning, repetition and variation

二：The Norman Period (1066---1350) =The Medieval Period

1. Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages. (1): the matter of France: the exploits of Charlemagne the great and Roland, Chanson de Roland

(2):the matter of Rome: Alexander the great and the Great and the siege of troy.

(3):the matter of British: the Arthurian legend: Sir Gawain ,Launcelot, Merlin , the death of King Arthur.

三：The Age of Chaucer (1350----1440)

1.John Wycliff Father of English prose“英国散文之父”

translate the Bible into standard English.

2.William Langland: Piers Plowman《农夫彼尔斯》

Form: Allegory寓言

3.Geoffrey Chaucer The Father of English Poetry”英国诗歌之父”

首创“heroic couplets”双韵体，首次用伦敦方言写作

被葬在：W estminster Abbey

Works divided three periods:

A:1360—1372: French literature : The book of the Duchess

B:1372---1836:Italian literature: Troilus and Criseyde adapted from Boccaccio The Decameron

C:the last fifteen year of his life: The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》

四:The Fifteen Century(1400----1550)

1.Ballds became an important feature in the 15th. The most popular is the Robin

Hood Ballads.

五：The English Renaissance(1550—1642)

1.Edmund Spenser The poet’s poet 诗人的诗人

代表作：The Shepherds Calendar《牧羊人日记》

The Faerie Queene《仙后》

Amoretti《爱情小唱》

2.Christopher Marlow 创造了无韵体“blank verse”,

“University Wits”大学才子代表人物，英国戏剧伟大开拓者代表作：Tumburlaine《帖木儿大帝》

The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德斯博士的悲剧》

3.William Shakespeare

代表作：two narrative poems: Venus and Adonis The rape of Lucrece

四部悲剧：Othello Macbeth Hamlet King Lear

四部喜剧：As you like it《皆大欢喜》Mid-summer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》Twelfth Night《第十二夜》The Merchant of V enice《威尼斯商人》

4. Sonnet was introduced to England by poet Thomas W yatt

六：The Seventeenth Century(1603---1688)

1.Francis Bacon father of science 科学之父

First English essayist 第一位随笔作家

The founder of English materialist philosophy唯物主义哲学开拓者代表作：Essay《随笔》----of studies

2.John Donne : The fonder of Metaphysical poets 玄学诗代表人物

另一代表人物：George Herbert

3.Ben Jonson 保皇派代表人物，另一代表人物是：Robert Herrick

代表作: To the celia

4.John Milton 清教徒诗人

代表作：epic :Paradise Lost《失乐园》由blank verse 写成的，情节来自Old statement Paradise regained 《复乐园》

drama: Samson Agonists 《力士参孙》

The Defence of English people《为英国人民申辩》

5.John Bunyan 清教徒诗人

代表作：The pilgrim’s progress《天路历程》---allegory

被誉为：具有永恒意义的百科全书

6.John Dryden

代表作：戏剧：All for love

文学评论：An essay of Dramatic Poesy

7.Andrew Marvell 代表作：To His Coy Mistress

七：The Eighteenth Century(1688---1798)-----The Age of Reason/Enlightenment 1.Daniel Defoe “the pioneer novelist of England”英国现实主义小说开创人，

代表作：Robinson crusoe《鲁比逊漂流记》

Captain Singleton 《辛格顿船长》

Moll Flanders 《莫尔·弗兰德斯》

Colonel Jacque《雅克上校》

2.Jonanthan Swift 讽刺作家

代表作：Gulliver’s Travels 《格列佛游记》

The battle of books《书战》

A Tale of a Tub《木桶的故事》

小册子作品：

The Drapper’s Letters《一个麻布商的书信》

A Modest Proposal《一个温和的建议》

3.Joseph Addison 代表作：The Talter

Richard Steele 代表作：The Spectator

4. Alexander pope 18世纪被称为是Pop的时代，18世纪最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“heroic couplet”

代表作：The rape of the Lock 《劫发记》

Essay on Man 《人论》

Essay on Criticism《批评论》heroic couplet

The Dunciad《愚人记》

5. Samuel Jonson 代表作：A dictionary of the English Language《英语词语词典》

6. Henry Fielding “ father of English Novel”英国小说之父

代表作：Joseph Andrew《约瑟夫·安德鲁》

Tom Jones 《汤姆·琼斯》

Amelia《艾米利亚》

Jonathan Wild the Great《大诗人·江奈生·威尔德》

7.Samuel Richardson 代表作：Pamela 书信体形式Epistolary novels

8.Thomas Gray 新古典主义代表人物neo-classicism

代表作：The Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

9.Robert burns Scottish poet

代表作：A Red, Red Rose《一朵红红的玫瑰》

My Hearts’ in the Highland《我的心在那高原上》

10.William Black

代表作：Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》--- The lamb

Songs of Experience《经验之歌》

The Tyger London The Chimney Sweeper

The Marriage of Heaven and Heal《天堂和地狱的结合》

Poetic Sketches《诗歌素描》

William black and Robert burns 是前浪漫主义代表诗人

八：The Age of Romanticism(1798----1832)

1.William Wordsworth 湖畔诗人“the Lake Poet”另外两位诗人是：

Robert Southey and Samuel Taylor Coleridge

代表作：The prelude 《序曲》

The Solitary reaper 《孤独的收割人》

I wondered lonely as a Cloud

My heart leaps up when I behold《我心荡漾》

2.Samuel Taylor Coleridge

代表作：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子吟》

Kubla Khan《忽必列汉》

3.George Gorden Byron

代表作：Don Yuan《唐璜》

Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈咯德尔游记》---拜伦式英雄

Cain 《该隐》

诗歌：When we two parted《当我们俩分别时》

She walks in beauty

4.Percy Bysshe Shelly

代表作：Prometheus unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》

Queen Mab《麦布女王》

Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰反叛》

A Defence of poetry《诗辩》

The Necessity of Atheism《无神论的必要性》

Ode to the west wind《西风颂》

To a Skylark《致云雀》

Adonais 关于Keats的死亡

5.John Keats

代表作：ode to the Nightingale《夜莺颂》

Ode to autumn《秋颂》

Ode to Melancholy《忧郁颂》

Ode to psyche《心灵颂》

When I have fears《当我害怕时》

On first Looking into Chapman’s Homer

6.Walter Scott 历史小说之父“the father of history novels”

代表作：Waverley

Rob Roy

Ivanhoe

7.Jane Austen

代表作：pride and prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》

Emma 《艾玛》

Sense and sensibility《理智与情感》

Persuasion《劝导》

浪漫主义时期的两位小说家：Jane Austen和Walter Scott

九.The Victorian Age(1831---1901)

1.Charles Dickens critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家

代表作：Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》

Bleak house《荒凉山庄》

Hard Times 《艰难世事》

Great Expectations《远大前程》

Dombey and Son 《董贝父子》

A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》

David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》

3.William Makepeace Thackeray

代表作：V anity fair 源自John Bunyuan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》副标题是：A Novel Without Hero

4.Lord Alfred Tennyson 维多利亚时代最重要诗人Laureate Poet桂冠诗人，被

葬在W estminster Abbey

代表作：In Memorian《悼念》

Break, break ,break《冲击，冲击，冲击》

Idylls of the King《国王叙事诗》

5.Robert Browning 创造“Dramatic Monologue”戏剧独白

代表作：My Last Duchess《我已故的公爵夫人》

The Ring and the Book《指环与书》

6 The Bronte Sister

19Th的小说是Female

Charlotte Bronte：Jane Eyre《简爱》

Emily Bronte：Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》

Anne Bronte：Agnes Grey

6.Thomas Hardy自然主义小说家

代表作：Tess of D’Urbervilles 《苔丝》

Jude the Obscure《无名的裘德》

Far From the Madding crowd《远离尘嚣》

7.Oscar wilde “aesthetic movement””美学运动代表人物“

主要理论是：为了艺术而艺术art for Arts’ sake

代表作：喜剧：The Importance of Being Earnest《认真的重要性》

An Ideal Husband《理想的丈夫》

小说：The Picture of Dorian Gray《多利安·格雷的画像》

8.George Bernard Shaw 批判现实主义作家critical realist Novelist

代表作：Pygmalion《皮革马利翁》

Window’s house《寡妇的房产》

Major Barbars’

十：The twentieth Century------Modernism 现代主义

1.Thomas Stearns Eliot

代表作：The west Land《西地》

Four Quartets《四个四重奏》

The Love Song of J`Alfred Prufrock

Murder In the Cathedral 《大教堂谋杀》

2.David Herbert Lawrence

代表作：Sons and lovers《儿子和情人》

The Rainbow《彩虹》

Women In Love《恋爱中的女人》

3.James Joyce 意识流主要表人物“stream of consciousness”

代表作：Ulysses《尤里西斯》

A Portrait of the Artist As A Young Man《一个青年艺术家的肖像》

Dubliners《都柏林人》

3.Virginia Woolf 意识流另一代表人物

To The lighthouse《到灯塔去》

Jacob’s Room《雅各布的房间》

The Waves《浪》

Mrs Dalloway《打洛韦夫人》

4.William Bulter Y eats 爱尔兰诗人

代表作：The Tower《塔》

The Second coming《第二春》

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英国文学复习总结

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英国文学总结表

英国文学总结表

History of English Literature Historic al period Liter ary Perio d Repres entative writer s Representati ve works Signifi cance Old English (410-10 66) Anglo -Saxo n (poetr y) Beowulf The national epic of the English people. Mediev al Englan d (1066-1 400) (The Wars of Roses, Foundi ng of the Medi eval / Midd le Engli sh (poetr y, roma nce and balla Geoffre y Chauce r Canterbury Tales (masterpiece ), The House of Fame, Troilus and Criseyde, The parliament of fowls. The founder / father of English poetry, and the earliest forerunner of realism. The Arthurian legends: Sir Gawain and the

Tudor Dynasty ) d) Green Knight Robin Hood Ballads: Lytell Geste of Robin Hood《罗宾 汉英雄事迹 小唱》 The Pre- Elizabet han and Elizabet han Ages (1400-1 603) (The Reform ation and the Enclosu Renai ssanc e (Hum anism ) (Poet ry and dram a) Thomas More Utopia The forerunner of modern socialist thought. Edmun d Spenser The Faerie Queene (Spenserian stanza) He has great influences on all the later poets. Christo pher Marlow e Tamburlaine 《铁木耳转》 Dr. Faustus 《浮士德悲 剧》The Jew The greatest pioneer of English drama. He reformed the

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英国文学名家名著 《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）是英国盎格鲁?撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗，古英语文学的最高成就，同时标志着英国文学的开始。史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦，帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲；第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位，平安统治50年。后来，他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏，老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战，杀死火龙，自己也受了致命伤。 杰弗里?乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ，1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层，而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格，读者广泛，对后世影响很大。 威廉?莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；

四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。《哈姆雷特》叙述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父报仇，杀死篡夺王位的叔父的故事。《哈姆雷特》里“to be or not to be, that is the question”的成为经典台词。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》描写了一对青年男女因家族间的世仇而不能联姻结果自杀的故事，揭露了封建制度的残酷无情，同时，歌颂了青年男女纯洁坚贞的爱情。 济慈（Keats, 1795一1821）是英国浪漫主义诗人。他出身贫苦，作过医生的学徒，后来才以写诗为业。他对当时英国社会的现实不满，希望在一个“永恒的美的世界”中寻找安身立命之处。他的诗歌以文辞声调之美著称，在艺术上对后代的英国诗人影响很大。主要作品有《伊沙贝拉》(Isabella)、《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)和《秋颂》(To Autumn)等。 雪莱（Shelley ，1792一 1822）是英国浪漫主义的重要诗人。他生于贵族家庭。他既创作了富于政治思想性的诗，也写了很多优美的抒情诗，特别是爱情诗，显示了不羁的想象，瑰丽的色彩和动人的音韵，这些使他成为英国文学史上最有才华的抒情诗人之一。他的主要作品有《麦布女王》(Queen Mab)、《致英国人民之歌》(Song to the

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作家作品介绍 Francis Bacon弗朗西斯·培根(1561-1626)PPT55 Essays (1594) The Advancement of Learning (1605) Great Instauration and Novum Organum (1620) New Atlantis (posthumous) William Shakespeare As You Like It皆大欢喜 Mid-summer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦 Twelfth Night The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人 Hamlet (Oedipus complex) Othello (credulousness) King Lear (reap what one has sown) Macbeth (jealous ) Pericles Cymbeline The Winter’s Tale The Tempest John Donne (1572-1631) Never send to know for whom the bells tolls; it tolls for thee (Death, Be Not Proud)含义：We are humanbeings and we are all

in some way connected. We can’t feel free when someone else is in trouble. John Milton (1608-1674) 1. Short poems: “L’Allegro”and “Il Penseroso”; Lycidas (1637) 2. Prose work: Areopagitica (1644) 3. Long poems: Paradise Lost -- Fall of the angels (13 days) --Creation of the world (7days) --Fall of Man (13 days) (1667), Paradise Regained (1671), and Samson Agonistes (1671) Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce Joseph Addison约瑟夫·艾迪生(1672-1719) he founded The Spectator 《旁观者》magazine. Cato（a Tragedy）最出名Indeed, it was almost certainly literary inspiration for the American Revolution, being well known to many of the Founding Fathers.

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所处 时期 姓名备注出身学校地位/评价流派作品 William Wordworth 威廉·华兹华斯1770-1850 在湖区接受教 育 Gerondists moderate Republicans 吉伦特派温和 共和主义者 后期：保守 党，坚定拥护 反革命政策 律师家 庭， 6岁成 为孤儿 剑桥 大学 Lake Poets湖畔诗人 Poet laureate 桂冠诗人1843 1797和柯勒律治同居湖畔 Distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language以简洁洗练的语言 著称 Escapist romantic Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（with柯勒律治） （标志着同18世纪传统诗歌即新古典主义诗歌决 裂，浪漫主义诗歌崛起） 对大自然的热爱：Lines Written in the Early Spring，To the Cuckoo，I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud，My Heart Leaps Up，Intimations of Immortality，Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏（“lyrical hymn of thanks to nature”） 对劳动人民的同情：The Solitary Reaper，We Are Seven，Michael，The Ruined Cottage, Simon . 专业资料可编辑.

Roman t icism in Englan ists 早期 消极 浪漫 主义者 Lee, The Old Cumberland Beggar, Lucy露西组诗 自传体长诗：The Prelude 序曲 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 柯勒律治·塞缪 尔·泰勒 1772-1834 空想成立类似 乌托邦的“大 众平等社”， 晚年保守，为 教会做辩论 乡村牧 师家庭 基督 慈善 学 校， 剑桥 大学 肄业 Lake Poets湖畔诗人 Literary Critic 浪漫派的第一 个文学评论家 1797和华兹华斯同居湖畔 Supernatural subjects 超自 然 三幕诗剧poetical drama：（with Southey） The Fall of Robespierre罗伯斯皮尔的倒台 Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（with华兹华斯） 诗歌：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子咏 梦幻诗：Kubla Khan忽必烈汗， 未完成：Christabel 克里斯塔贝尔 . 专业资料可编辑.

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Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) 乔叟He was born in 1343 in London. He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.The father of English Poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.“The Canterbury Tales” (1387-1400) It is Chaucer?s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature. Chaucer’s Contribution to English Literature Chaucer is regarded as the founder of English poetry and has been called “the founder of English realism.” He is the firs t great poet who wrote in the English language. He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the “heroic couplet” (英雄双韵体) to English poetry.His masterpiece “The Canterbury T ales” is one of the monumental works in English literature 公爵夫人之书，百鸟议会，声誉之堂，特罗勒思和克里西德 Structure of a poem: A poem can be broken down into three parts: (1) Stanza (节) : a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem. It is the poetic equivalent of a paragraph in prose. In traditional poems, the stanza usually contains a unit of thought.(2) The line (行) : a single line of poetry (3) The foot (音步) : a syllable or a group of 2 or 3 syllables. T o scan a line of poetry one counts the number of feet in a line. For a beginner, the easiest thing to do is to count the number of stresses. Typically a foot will contain a stressed and an unstressed syllable. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)playwright, poet, actor.Shakespeare and Aeschylus are the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known.—Carl Marks.The Great Tragedies: 《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet,1601 ) 《奥赛罗》(Othello, 1604) 《李尔王》(King Lear, 1605) 《麦克白》(Macbeth, 1606) The Great Comedies威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice, 1596) 《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night's Dream,1596) 《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night, 1600) 《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It, 1601) Shakespeare’s car eer as a dramatist may be divided into four major phases.: The First Period(1590-1594) This period is the period of his apprenticeship in play-writing. Works: Henry VI The Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》/《连环错》Love?s Labor?s Lost 《迷失的爱》/《空爱一场》/《爱的徒劳》Romeo and Juliet, etc. The Second Period (1595-1600) This period is his mature period, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. It includes 6 comedies, 5 historical plays and 1 Roman tragedy. His sonnets are also thought to be written in this period. The Third Period (1601-1607) The third period of Shakespeare?s dramatic career is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. It includes 5 tragedies, 3 comedies and 2 Roman tragedies.Major works written in this period:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra The Fourth Period (1608-1612) The fourth period of Shakespeare?s work is the period of romantic drama. It includes 4 romances or “reconciliation（和解，复合）plays”. Shakespeare’s Literary Position:Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers in world literature. Hamlet:Hamle t is considered the summit of Shakespeare?s art. It is one of Shakespeare?s canon, and it is universally included in the list of the world?s greatest works.It?s written in the form of blank verse.blank verse : poetry in rhymeless iambic pentameter.（素体诗剧）The story, coming from an old Danish legend, is a tragedy of the “revenge” genre. Shakespeare incorporates into the medieval story other major humanistic themes, including love, justice, good and evil, and most notably, madness, and the spirit of the time Injustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society。1. first blow: father?s murder and mother?s re-marriage2.second blow: betrayal of his two former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern3. third blow: betrayal of his girl friend OpheliaThe greatness o f the play: in praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived.