新标准大学英语二册二版文翻译
Unit 1
Active reading (1)
大学已经不再特别了
1 有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20 世纪60 年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20 世纪60 年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。
20 世纪60 年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966 年，罗纳德·里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、持不一意见的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、持不同意见的少数人。
3 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情地投入到自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致了戴高乐总统辞职。
4 20 世纪60 年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才得以阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米·亨德里克斯或伦尼·布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。
5 可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒
似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010 年让50％的30 岁以下的人上大学的目标，（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。
6 没有了20 世纪60 年代大学生发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化促进会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，它给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。
7 童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能是经济方面的。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子
依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友嘛，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。
8 “在那黎明时分活着是至福，
9 但年轻就等于身在天堂！”
10 华兹华斯的诗句说的可能是法国大革命，但是对于20 世纪60 年代的大学
生而言，这样的诗句同样真实生动。可是为什么对于如今的大学生来说，它们怎么就不真实了呢？
Active reading (2)
后一切的一代
1 弗兰克·托马斯是普林斯顿大学二年级学生，主修文学理论专业。他希望当人权律师。我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学是如何在变化的。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T 恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T 恤衫”或诸如此类带有讥讽意味的俏皮话。我是这样在课上消磨时间的：一边费力地听着性别理论和后殖民主义这样艰深的话题，一边用我的iPod 检索着好听的音乐。可是当我开始学习后现代主义的时候，我突然咔嗒一声开了窍。我提起精神，开始重新审视大学生活。
2 那么，什么是后现代主义呢？很难说，从定义角度来说，后现代主义几乎是无法定义的……就是有点儿否定和反对先前的一切的意思。这就让人很难看清它究竟指的是什么。这一术语是在1949 年被首次使用，可是迄今为止还没有人能断定，对于文化或社会的未来，后现代态度究竟意味着什么。但对我来说，它令我感到好奇，因为后现代似乎说的正是我那些酷劲十足、困兮兮的和冷嘲热讽、穿T 恤衫的朋友们。
3 我们在那么多方面都是“后”的：后冷战，后工业时代、后生育高峰、后9.11。我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914—1989），生于其末尾。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机
会和特权，我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。
4 可是我们该干什么呢？我们该像历代大学生那样去造反、叛逆吗？我们要上街去一遍又一遍地高喊“不看到变化，我们决不离开”吗？不，我们做着相反的事情：我们去参战，根本不问为什么；我们放弃自己的公民自由权，我们每天在晚间新闻中观看破坏和死亡。
5 在大学里，我们在请愿书上签名，加入各种组织，把自己的名字添加到各种邮件通讯录中，戴为癌症研究义捐的标志腕带，观看电视转播的为非洲饥民募捐明星义演音乐会和为全球气候危机募捐明星义演音乐会――甚至去音乐会现场，假如能搞到票的话。可是我们代表什么呢？就像真正的后现代一代那样，我们无法描述我们的政治抱负，我们没有可以激发灵感、鼓舞斗志的领袖人物，我们没有哲学，我们没有方向或主题。我们只是被我们之前的一切所定义，我们是切·格瓦拉T 恤衫的一代。
6 这是一场运动，好像是鼓励个人集体表现自我，似乎是在等待革命。作为年轻人，人们期待我们愤怒，因为那是年轻人的正常行为。
7 但是，我们如何反叛怀念革命的父母一代？我们如何去反叛有时候比我们更想闹革命的父母？我们不反叛。不反叛就是我们的反叛。
8 我们真正的精力不是放在校园里，而是放在互联网上。它给我们提供了一个不断发展的交流思想和受挫感的机会。我们不再游行示威；我们不再到街上去，我们去聊天室。
9 “我们以往所知的美国大学即将终结。对我这一代人来说，与激进主义相关的是基地组织，而不是气象员组织。“校园接管”听起来不大像1968 年的伯克利分校，却更像2007 年的弗吉尼亚州理工学院。歌词的寓意则属于另一个时代，并
不反映当今的现实。
10 可是，科技革命就像20 世纪60 年代的革命一样真实而深刻——只是不那么明显而已。它是正在推进中的未完成的事业，但它实实在在地存在。也许等到我们的父母不再说他们样样都好而我们一无是处时，他们也许会明白，后一切的一代说的话也有一定的意义。我们在书写革命，我们在用自己的语言书写革命。
Unit 2
Active reading (1)
战争
1 旅客们不得不在一个小站停留，准备换乘老式小火车继续他们的旅程。
2 天亮时，一个深陷哀恸的大块头女人被架了进来——差不多像一捆没形的包袱卷。跟在她身后，喘着粗气呻吟着的，是她的丈夫——一个小个子男人，又瘦又弱，表情羞怯不安。
3 终于落了座，他彬彬有礼地感谢帮助他妻子、给她腾地儿的乘客。他妻子又扯起衣领，盖上眼睛，把脸遮住。
他觉得有义务向旅伴们解释：战争就要夺走她的独生子，一个二十岁的小伙子，他们两口子把一辈子的心血都花在他身上，甚至允许他自愿参战；现在突然接到电报，说他三天之后就要开拔，要他们去为他送行。
5 裹在大衣下面的女人确信这些解释全然不会引起这些人哪怕一丁点儿的同情——他们极有可能像她自己一样处在同样的痛苦当中。他们当中有人说：
“我呢？我有两个儿子和三个侄子在前线呢。”
7 “也许，可我们的情况是，那是我们唯一的儿子，”那位丈夫壮起胆子说。
8 “那又有什么不同呢？你可能会因为过度关心把你的独生子惯坏，可是如果你有别的孩子，你也不可能爱他胜过爱其他孩子。父母之爱不像面包，可以掰开，平均分给孩子们。如果说现在我正在为我的两个儿子受煎熬的话，我不是在为他们每人受一半的苦，而是加倍受苦……”
9 “是啊……是啊……”那位丈夫尴尬地叹息道，“可是如果一个父亲有两个儿子在前线，他失去其中的一个，还剩一个可以安慰他……而……”
“对呀，”对方回答说，“剩下一个儿子安慰他，他也要为这个儿子活下去，而独生子父亲的情况是，如果儿子死了，父亲也可以一死了却痛苦。”
11 “胡说，”另一位旅客插话说。这是个肥胖、红脸的男人，眼睛里布满血丝。
12 他气喘吁吁的。一股无法控制的活力在内心激烈震荡，似乎要从他那鼓凸的双眼里迸发出来，他衰弱的身体几乎控制不了他的情绪。
13 “我们赋予孩子生命难道就是为了自己得到好处吗？
其他旅客都悲伤地盯着他。其中一位说：“你是对的。我们的孩子不属于我们，他们属于国家……”
15 “胡扯，”胖旅客反驳说。“我们给孩子生命的时候想到国家了吗？我们的儿子
出生是因为……呃，因为他们必须出生。现在，在我们这个岁数，当然，对国家的爱依然强烈，但对我们孩子的爱更强烈。”
16 周围一片沉默，人人都点头赞同。
“那么，”胖男人继续说道，“我们为什么不应该考虑孩子们的感情呢？在他们这个年纪，他们理应认为对国家的爱大于对我们的爱，这不是很自然吗？人人都应当停止哭泣；人人都应当大笑……或者至少感谢上帝——像我一样——因为我儿子
寄给我一封信，说他就要死了，并为能以自己所希望的最佳方式结束生命而感到满足。这就是为什么我甚至都没有穿丧服……”
18 他抖抖他那浅黄褐色大衣，好像是在展示它；他豁牙上铁青的嘴唇在颤抖；他的双眼湿润、目光呆滞；很快他尖声大笑了一下——也可能是一声抽泣，算是说完了。
“的确如此……的确如此……”其他人表示同意。
20 那个女人一直试图从她丈夫和朋友的话里找些什么来安慰深陷忧伤的自己，以明白一个母亲应该怎样听天由命，她并不是送儿子去死，而是送他去一个极可能有生命危险的地方。
21 然而她在人们所说的许多话里并未找到一句安慰的话。眼看没有人可以与她分忧，她就愈发痛苦了。
可是现在，那旅客的话让她吃惊，几乎让她震惊。她忽然意识到，不是别人不理解她，而是她自己不能达到那些父母的高度；他们没有哭泣，而是听天由命，不仅接受儿子的离去，甚至还接受儿子的死。
23 她从角落里欠起身来，想仔细听清楚。那个胖男人正在给旅伴们讲述他儿子如何为国王和国家战死而成为英雄，幸福且没有遗憾。她觉得自己跌跌撞撞走进了一个从未梦见过的世界里。
然后突然，就好像她根本没听见别人说的话，仿佛刚从睡梦中醒来，她转向那位老人，问道：
25 “那么……你儿子真的死了吗？”
26 人人都盯着她看。那位老人也转过脸来看她，他那大大的、鼓凸的、湿润得可怕的浅灰色眼睛深深凝视着她的脸。有一阵子他试图回答，却说不出话来。他终于忽然意识到他的儿子真的死了——永远走了——永远。他的脸抽搐起来，扭曲得吓人，然后令所有人都吃惊的是，他匆忙从衣袋里掏出手帕，爆发出令人心碎的、悲痛欲绝的、抑制不住的抽泣。
Active reading (2)
同感是怎样表露的
1 霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。15 个月大的迈克尔去把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗；保罗不停地大哭的时候，迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动被接受记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到了。这项研究的结果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。实际上，从他们出生的那天起，婴儿们在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会觉到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。
2 成长心理学家发现，甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其他人而存在之前，婴儿们就感受到了同情的痛苦。甚至在出生后几个月，婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应，就好像他们自己的烦躁不安一样，看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。到了一岁左右，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们的，而是别人的，可是他们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。例如，在纽约大学的马丁·L·霍夫曼所做的一项研究中，一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉来安慰哭闹的朋友，却忽视了同在一室的朋友的
新标准大学英语综合教程2课文翻译U2R2.doc
How empathy unfolds 同感是怎样表露的 1 The moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend Paul; when Paul kept crying, Michael retrieved Paul's security blanket for him. Both these small acts of sympathy and caring were observed by mothers trained to record such incidents of empathy in action. The results of the study suggest that the roots of empathy can be traced to infancy. Virtually from the day they are born infants are upset when they hear another infant crying – a response some see as the earliest precursor of empathy. 霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。15个月大的迈克尔把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗；保罗不停地大哭的时候，迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动都是接受过记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到的。这项研究的结果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。实际上，从出生的那天起，婴儿在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会感到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。 2 Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance in those around them as though it were their own, crying when they see another child's tears. By one year or so, they start to realize the misery is not their own but someone else's, though they still seem confused over what to do about it. In research by Martin L. Hoffman at New York University, for example, a oneyear-old brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, ignoring the friend's mother, who was also in the room. This confusion is seen too when one-year-olds imitate the distress of someone else, possibly to better comprehend what they are feeling; for example, if another baby hurts her fingers, a one-year-old might put her own fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts, too. On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears. 成长心理学家发现，甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其他人而存在之前，婴儿就感受到了同情的苦恼。甚至在出生后几个月，婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应，就好像他们自己的烦躁不安一样，看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。到了一岁左右，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们的，而是别人的，可是他们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。例如，在纽约大学的马丁·L.霍夫曼所做的一项研究中，一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉过来安慰哭闹的朋友，却忽视了同在一室的朋友的妈妈。这样的困惑在其他一岁大的孩子身上也能看到，他们模仿别的孩子的痛苦，也许是为了更好地理解他们的感受。例如，如果别的婴儿伤了手指，一个一岁大的孩子就会把自己的手指放进嘴里，看看自己是否也感觉到痛。看到自己的妈妈哭，婴儿即使没有眼泪，也会擦拭自己的眼睛。 3 Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can
(第二版)新标准大学英语综合教程Boo2Unit 1课后答案
Unit 1 Active Reading (1) 3 1.campus 2.protests 3.establishment 4.prospects campus 5.employment https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3a13369489.html,unch 7.opportunity 4 1.clashes 2.The two parties formed an alliance to respond to the problem. 3.I’ve always considered myself as a liberal. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3a13369489.html,ernor 5.economy 6.The 1960s were characterized by a new type of popular music. 7.For many people, listening to their music was a liberating experience. 5 1. gave rise to 2. keep…off 3. was brought about 4. dropping out/ to drop out 5. set up 6. was brought to its knees 6 b, a, b, b, b, a, a, b 7 1. (d) 2. (b) Active Reading (2) 2. c, a , d, b, d, c 3 1.rebel 2.assert 3.era 4.Industrial 5.philosophy 6.gender 7.destruction 4 1.majored in 2.make sense 3.stand for
大学英语(二)期末口语试题
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2017年 考研英语二真题全文翻译解析(华明网校版)
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