广西师范学院《 英汉互译(一)》课程教案

广西师范学院《英汉互译（一）》课程教案

编号: 15-11 开课单位：外语系授课教研室：翻译写作

课程名称：《英汉互译（一）》授课教师：唐旭光

教材：《新编英汉互译教程》，授课对象：06级英语专业2、3、5班

《英汉互译（一）》第十一讲合并法在翻译中的运用

(Application of “Combination” to Translation)

合并法亦称并句法或合句法。在英译汉中，合并法就是把原文两个或两个以上的句子加以合并，译成一个句子。这种变通法多运用于英语简单句子的翻译，特别是两个或两个以上的英语句子共用相同的主语的时候，由于汉语不喜欢重复名词，也不喜欢用代词做主语，不如把几句话串联成汉语的一句话（孙致礼，2003：93）。在汉译英过程中，合并法就是把两个或两个以上的汉语句子加以合并，译成一个英语句子；也可指把一个汉语复句合并为一个英语简单句。下面简单谈谈合并法在英汉互译中的运用。

一、合并法在英译汉中的运用

1.1把两个或两个以上的英语简单句译成一个汉语并列复句

(1) The four men huddled there and said nothing. They dared not smoke. They would not move.

这四个人聚在那儿不说话，不敢抽烟，也不愿走开。

(2) My father is of middle height. He is stout and strong, with a severe look on his face and with keen expressive eyes.

我的父亲中等身材，长得结实强壮，有一副挺严肃的神情，一双锐利而富于表情的眼睛。

(3) From there I could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river and the village. It was all very beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing.

从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、河流、村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往。

(4) Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. 没有人仅仅因为岁月的流逝而变得衰老，只有放弃理想才日益衰老起来。

(5) Several years ago, my family gathered on Cape God for a weekend. My parents were there, my sister and her daughter, too, two cousins and, of course, my wife, my son and me. 几年前，我们一家人在科德角团聚，共度周末，我的父母、姐姐和她的女儿都去了，我的两个表弟也去了，当然，还有我，我的妻子和儿子。(6) I wasn’t an enemy, in fact or in feeling. I was an ally.

无论在事实上，还是在感情上，我都不是她们的敌人，而是她们的盟友。

以上第一个英语例子包括三个单句，第三个例子包括一个简单句和一个并列句，其他四个英语例子每个包括两个简单句。每个例子的简单句都合并起来，翻译成一个汉语并列复句。以上各例句采用合句法处理，译文紧凑，来得顺畅，毫无拖沓之感，并且与原文意义吻合。

1.2 英语并列复合句译成一个汉语单句

(7) In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.

一八四四年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成了朋友。

(8) The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light.

十点三十分的时候，街上来往的车辆少了。

(9) It was 1953, and I had just come from England to seek my fortune.

一九五三年，我刚从英格兰来此找出路。

(10) It was an LST, and it was already nearly loaded with trucks and armed cars.

这是一艘几乎已载满了卡车和装甲车的坦克登陆艇。

上面四例均为英语并列句，都合并起来给译为汉语简单句，言简意赅，非常顺畅。

1.3 英语主从复合句译成一个汉语单句

(11) When you apply for graduate degree courses in Oxford, you should contact University of Oxford directly.

申请牛津大学的研究生学位需要直接与学校联系。

(12) If a student is on a scholarship, he or she may not have to pay HECS.

享受奖学金的学生不必向HECS交费。(注：HECS高等教育捐款计划。) (13) When he was in the 11th grade, my oldest son became a member of the National Honor Society.

我的大儿子在读11年级的时候成为了“全国优秀生协会”的会员。

(14) My first recollection of the magic he could bring to Valentine’s Day came when I was six.

我对情人节的最初印象是我六岁那年他带给我的惊喜。

以上四个英语主从复句经过压缩译成了汉语简单句，译文简单、明白、晓畅、忠实。

1.4 两个英语主从复句译成一个汉语复句

(15) When one is awake, he cannot fix his eyes or his attention constantly on a single object. He must blink, if nothing else.

一个人在清醒时不可能老是盯着或注视某一物体，他至少准会眨巴眨巴眼睛。(16) I never thought that I would eat a food that did not agree with me. Now I meet it whenever I have a meal.

我从来没想到会吃不对我胃口的食物，现在我每次吃饭都遇到讨厌的食物。(17) I am convinced that what we do to children, they will do to the world. It is important that we keep this constantly in our minds.

我相信我们对孩子所做之事，他们以后会交还给这个世界，时常记住这一点是很重要的。

(18) When Strauss ran out of canvas, he wrote his two brothers to send more. He received instead a tough, brown cotton cloth which was made in Nimes, France…

斯特劳斯用完了帆布，便写信要他的两个兄弟再寄一些来，不料收到的却是法国尼姆产的一种坚韧的棕色棉布……

上面列举了四个英语例子，每一个都包含两个主从复句，这两个主从复句合并起来，译成了一个汉语联合复句。译文语气顺畅，意义连贯，与原文意义吻合。

从上述例子可知，英语中两个或两个以上的简单句，两个并列复合句或两个主从复合句都可以采用合并法处理，翻译成一个通顺流畅的汉语句子。值得注意的是，这种变通手法在英译汉中使用得不多见，但在汉译英过程中运用频繁。