英汉翻译教程(三)试题及参考答案

高等教育自学考试冲刺模拟试卷一

(英语专业)

英汉翻译教程(三)

Part One

Ⅰ. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.

1. For Britain our membership of the European Union and the World Trade Organization has brought this home.

A. 对英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份把这带到了家。

B. 对英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织把我们送到了家。

C. 对我们英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织的经历使我们对这一点深有感触。

D. 对我们英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份使我们如鱼得水。

2. So now he contrived an eager, ingratiating smile, which he bestowed on Mr. Squires.

A. 因此他就装出急切的、迷人的笑，并投向史奎尔先生。

B. 因此他就装出殷切的、拍马的笑，并把这笑赠予史奎尔先生。

C. 因此他就对史奎尔先生装出一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。

D. 因此他就给史奎尔先生设计了一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。

3. “People disappear in that river every year,” one of the policemen said to me that afternoon, half in dismay, half in frustration.

A. “这条河里年年都有人消失，”当天下午警察中的一个以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。

B. “这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。

C. “这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。

D. “年年都有人消失在这条河里，”当天下午警察中的一个半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。

4. As recently as the early 1960s, the phrase “environmental law” would probably have produced little more than a puzzled look, even from many lawyers.

A. 早在六十年代初，“环保法”这个词儿甚至会使许多律师感到纳闷。

B. 早在六十年代初，“环保法”这个词儿很可能会在人们的脸上引起纳闷的表情，甚至许多律师也是这样。

C. 就在六十年代初，甚至连许多律师接触到“环保法”这个词儿，大半也只会感到纳闷而已。

D. 早在六十年代初，“环保法”这个词儿很可能会在人们的脸上，甚至许多律师的脸上，引起纳闷的表情。

5. On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are just famous throughout the world.

A. 我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们的无可比拟的盛情款待表示感谢。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界。

B. 我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界。

C. 我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的闻名世界的无可比拟的盛情款待。

D. 我谨代表你们所有的美国客人感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界，果然名不虚传。

6. Bill was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.

A. 天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。

B. 给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。

C. 天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。

D. 给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。

7. 他们要求惩办卖国贼曹汝霖、陆宗舆、章宗祥，并火烧了曹宅，痛打了章宗祥。

A. They called for punishment to be meted out to the traitors Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu and Zhang Zongxiang. They set fire to Cao’s residence. They beat up Zhang.

B. Calling for punishment to be meted out to the traitors Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu and Zhang Zongxiang, and setting fire to Cao’s residence, they beat up Zhang.

C. They called for punishment to be meted out to the traitors Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu and Zhang Zongxiang, set fire to Cao’s residence and beat up Zhang.

D. They called for punishment to be meted out to the traitors Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu and Zhang Zongxiang. They set fire to Cao’s residence and beat up Zhang.

8. 梵蒂冈就是在圣彼得教堂附近，是罗马教皇的宫殿，这是一个国中之国。

A. Vatican is near to St. Peter’s. It is the palace of the Pope in Rome. It is a country within a country.

B. Standing beside St. Peter’s, Vatican, the palace of the Pope in Rome, is a country within a country.

C. Vatican which stands in the neighborhood of St. Peter’s is the palace of the Pope in Rome and is a country within a country.

D. Not far from St. Peter’s was the Vatican, the palace of the Pope in Rome, constituting a cou ntry within a country.

9. 演员们唱完戏还要各自找点活干，有人拉排子车，有人卖破烂，卖烟卷，当小工，拾烟头是普遍现象。

A. After singing they would find other work to do. Some pulled handcarts, some sold junk or sold cigarettes, and others hired themselves out as coolies or cigarette stubs collectors.

B. After acting they had to find other work. Some pulled handcarts, some sold junk or cigarettes, and others hired themselves out as coolies, or collected cigarette stubs.

C. Apart from acting they had to find other work. Often they pulled handcarts, sold junk or cigarettes, hired themselves out as coolies, or collected cigarette stubs.

D. After singing the opera they would find other work for themselves to do. They hired themselves out as carters, junk or cigarette sellers, coolies or cigarette stubs collectors.

10. 相互了解是发展国与国之间关系的前提。惟有相互了解，才能增进信任，加强合作。

A. Mutual understanding is the precondition for international relations. Only with it, it would be possible for countries to build trust and promote cooperation with one another.

B. International relations are preconditioned by mutual understanding with which it would be possible for countries to build trust and promote cooperation with each other.

C. Mutual understanding is the basis for state-to-state relations. Without it, it would be impossible for countries to build trust and promote cooperation with one another.

D. Mutual understanding is the basis for state-to-state relations, without which it would be impossible for countries to build trust and cooperation with one another.

B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Select the one that best completes each statement.

11. 翻译的基本功在汉译英中主要是指，(1)拼法正确，(2)合乎用法，(3)。

A. 句子平稳

B. 语法正确

C. 修辞准确

D. 熟悉习语

12. 我国近代翻译理论中最有影响的，要算提出的“信、达、雅”了。

A. 鲁迅

B. 茅盾

C. 严复

D. 林纾

13. “以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。”是的观点。

A. 傅雷

B. 茅盾

C. 朱光潜

D. 王佐良

14. 认为，“如果所有的语言形式不同，译者要保存内容，自然就必须改变形式”。

A. 费道罗夫

B. 奈达和泰伯

C. 泰特勒

D. 巴尔胡达罗夫

15. 文学作品中，对话往往占很大比例。对话一般用口语体，与叙述部分使用的语言不同。翻译时，要注意。

A. 心理描写

B. 文体差别

C. 运用反译

D. 运用直译

Part Two

Ⅱ. Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point for each)A. Directions: Put the following phrases into Chinese.

16. Industrial Revolution工业革命

17. VIP要人

18. commercial agriculture商业化农业

19. per capita GNP人均国民生产总值

20. whet the appetites引起兴趣

21. insinuate oneself into sb’s good grace巧妙地讨得某人欢心

22. from antiquity自古以来

23. in unison齐声、异口同声

24. turn one’s back on置之不理

25. environmental law环境保护法

B. Directions: Put the following phrases into English.

26. 年均增长率annual average increase rate

27. 手语sign language

28. 深重的民族危机a grave national crisis

29. 中国新民主主义革命China’s new democratic revolution

30. 中低产田medium- and low-yield land

31. 瓢泼大雨rain cats and dogs

32. 不可抗力force majeure

33. 内陆水域inland waters

34. 畜产品animal by-products

35. 国际海洋年International Ocean Year

Ⅲ. Translation Improvement (20 points, 2 points for each)

Directions: Each of the following translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations. A. Example: 原文：He asked after you.

译文：他在你之后发问。

改译：他问起你的情况。

36. 原文：Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me.

译文：愤怒和痛苦捕捉了我。-----我又气又恨，感到非常苦恼

37. 原文：I tried vainly to put the broken pieces together.

译文：我徒然地试图把这些碎片拼在一起。我想把这些碎片拼在一起，可是拼不起来

38. 原文：“Oh yes, you’re right. I’d forgotten it in the middle of all my excitement.”

译文：“哦，是啦，你讲对了。我在这一阵激动之中把它给忘了。”……我太激动了，把这事给忘了。

39. 原文：Some families would sell out for nearly nothing and move away.

译文：有几户人家变卖了田地房屋，几乎不要一分钱，迁到别处去了。……随便换几个钱……

40. 原文：“Gruss Gott, Graulein Maria,” six voices echoed in unison. Six perfect bows followed.

译文：“玛丽亚小姐，您好！”六个声音齐声说道。接着是一本正经的六个躬。……接着又一本正经地鞠了六个躬。

41. 原文：To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick covering of fat called blubber.

译文：大自然为了保护鲸鱼，使它不致在北冰洋受冻，便给它提供了厚厚的一层脂肪，叫鲸脂。……便让它长了厚厚的一层脂肪……

B. Example:

原文：展望21世纪，我们坚信前景将更加美好。

译文：Look into the 21 st century, we are convinced that there lies an even brighter future.

改译：Looking into the 21st century, we are convinced that there lies an even brighter future.

42. 原文：这个文化运动，当时还没有可能普及到工农群众中去。

译文：At that time this cultural movement was not yet possible to become widely diffused among the workers and peasants. At that time it was not yet possible for this cultural movement…

43. 原文：有一年的冬初，四叔家里要换女工，做中人的卫老婆子带她进来了。Early one winter, when my…

译文：Early one winter, my uncle’s family wanted a new maid, Old Mrs. Wei the go-between brought her along.

44. 原文：在文化上，要积极建设面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化。…oriented to modernization...

译文：Culturally, we will work hard to develop a socialist culture that is national, scientific and popular, a culture that is faced to modernization, to the world and to the future.

45. 原文：合营企业的有关外汇事宜，应遵照中华人民共和国外汇管理条例办理。…its foreign exchange transactions…

译文：An equity joint venture shall handle its foreign exchange affairs in accordance with the regulations on foreign exchange control of the People’s Republic of China.

Ⅳ.Paragraph Translation (30 points)A. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (20 p oints)

46. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No household can get on without it, for it is used in cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils.

……植物油自古以来就为人们所熟悉。任何家庭都离不开它，因为做饭的时候就要用它。有些花儿产生的油可以用来制造香水。植物油和动物油还可以用来制作肥皂。……

Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat; but if they are separated by a thin film of oil, the friction and heat are reduced. No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated. The oil used for this purpose must be of the correct thickness; if it is too thin it will not give sufficient lubrication, and if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must be lubricated.两个金属面相擦，就要产生摩擦和热；但如果在他们之间抹上薄薄的一层油，就可以减

少摩擦，降低热度。任何机械如果不使用一定的润滑剂，就不能持续工作。润滑油浓度必须适当，太稀则起不到应有的润滑作用，太稠则流不到所有需要润滑的零件。

B. Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (10 points)

47. 她不很爱说话，别人问了才回答，答的也不多。直到十几天之后，这才陆续的知道她家里还有严厉的婆婆；一个小叔子，十多岁，能打柴了；她是春天没了丈夫的；他本来也打柴为生，比她小十岁，大家所知道的就只是这一点。She said little, only answering briefly when asked a question. Thus it took them a dozen days or so to find out bit by bit that she had strict mother-in-law at home and a brother-in-law of ten or so, old enough to cut wood. Her husband, who had died that spring, had been a woodcutter too, and had been ten years younger than she was. The little was all they could learn.

英汉翻译教程模拟二

Part One

Ⅰ. Multiple Choice Questions A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences， each followed by four different versions marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.

1. At the edge of the fields， rising in dramatic hills or stretching flat to the horizon， lay the brown barren deserts.

A. 田地外边是寸草不生的棕色沙漠，有的地方突然隆起像是小山，有的地方则平平的伸向地平线。

B. 田地外边隆起着小山，或平平地伸向地平线的土地，还有寸草不生的棕色沙漠。

C. 田地边上戏剧性地隆起着，或平铺着小山，还有光秃秃的棕色沙漠。

D. 田地外边戏剧性地隆起着小山，平铺着地平线，伸展着光秃秃的棕色沙漠。

2. Somehow our path took us toward the park， across the footbridge high above the rolling waters of the Los Angeles River.

A.道路不知不觉带我们朝公园走去。公园就在小桥那边，桥下很深的地方，汹涌的洛杉矶河水滚滚流过。

B.不知怎地，道路带着我们跨过高悬在汹涌的洛杉矶河水之上的小桥朝公园走去。

C.我们不知不觉朝公园走去。公园就在小桥那边，桥下很深的地方，汹涌的洛杉矶河水滚滚流过。

D. 我们不知不觉地跨过高悬在汹涌的洛杉矶河水之上的小桥朝公园走去。

3. Oh， but all the rules of self-preservation were broken when we saw that little face， filled with the terror of death， being sucked downstream.

A. 喔，可是自我保护的条条框框统统被打破了，当我们看见那张小脸带着害怕淹死的恐怖神情被激流吸到下游的时候。

B. 啊，可是明哲保身的金科玉律统统被打破了，当我们看见那张充满了死亡的恐怖的小脸被激流越冲越远的时候。

C. 是啊！不过一看见那张小脸带着害怕淹死的恐怖神情被激流越冲越远，我们就把明哲保身的金科玉律统统打破了。

D. 哎呀！不过一看见那张小脸带着害怕淹死的恐怖神情被激流吸食时，自我保护的条条框框就被统统打破了。

4. I remember that the Gabilan Mountains to the east of the valley were light gay mountains full of sun and loveliness and a kind of invitation， so that you wanted to climb into their warm foothills.

A. 我记得河谷东边的加比伦山脉呈现出一片浅灰色，充满了阳光和可爱，仿佛向你殷勤邀请，你不禁想爬上暖洋洋的山丘。

B. 我记得河谷东边的加比伦山脉呈现出一片浅灰色，阳光璀璨、明媚可爱，仿佛向你殷勤邀请，以致于你想爬上暖洋洋的山麓小丘。

C. 我记得河谷东边的加比伦山脉呈现出一片浅灰色，总是阳光璀璨、明媚可爱，仿佛向你殷勤邀请，你不禁想爬上暖洋洋的山麓小丘。

D. 我记得河谷东边的加比伦山脉呈现出一片浅灰色，阳光明媚，惹人爱怜，仿佛是一张请柬，邀你爬上暖洋洋的山丘。

5. In 1965 a court action took place that ranks in environmental importance with the publication of Silent Spring.

A.1965年发生了一件诉讼，这件诉讼对环境保护意义重大，可以与《沉默的春天》的出版媲美。

B. 1965年发生了一件诉讼，其对环境之重要意义，不亚于《沉默的春天》的出版。

C. 1965年发生了一件诉讼，这件诉讼对环境保护意义重大，可与《沉默的春天》的出版并列在一起。

D. 1965年发生了一件对环境保护意义重大的诉讼，可以与《沉默的春天》的出版并列在一起。

6. In fact， there is hardly a realm of national life that is not touched by the controversy that often pits those who style themselves environmentalists against proponents of economic growth in our energy-consuming society.

A.事实上，几乎没有国民生活的哪个方面没有被这样一种争议涉及——这种争议往往使以环境论者自居的人同美国耗能社会经济增长主张者对立起来。

B. 事实上，国民生活的任何一个方面都无不涉及这样一种争议——这种争议往往使以环境论者自居的人同美国耗能社会经济增长主张者对立起来。

C. 事实上，这样一种争议几乎被国民生活的任何方面涉及——这种争议往往使以环境

者自居的人同美国耗能社会经济增长主张者对立起来。

D. 事实上，国民生活的任何方面都涉及这样一种争议——这种争议往往使以环境论者自居的人同美国耗能社会经济增长主张者对立起来。

7. And as it is fed by other streams of thought; it is deepened and broadened by the concepts and generalizations that are gradually evolved.

A. 由于各种思想支流注入其中，新的概念和结论陆续产生，又使它势头逐渐加强，得以加深和展宽。

B. 由于许多人从事研究工作，各种别的思想支流注入其中，势头逐渐加强。新的概念和结论陆续产生，又使它得以加深和展宽。

C. 由于许多人从事研究工作，各种思想像支流一样注入其中，势头逐渐加强。新的概念和结论陆续产生，又使它得以加深和展宽。

D. 由于许多人从事研究工作，各种思想像支流一样注入其中，新的概念和结论陆续产生，又使它势头逐渐加强，得以加深和展宽。

8. 他们高呼“外争国权，内惩国贼”、“废除二十一条”等口号，举行示威游行。

A. They held a demonstration，shouting such slogans as “Defend our sovereignty，punish the traitors!”，“Abolishing the Twenty-one demands!”.

B. Holding a demonstration，they shouted such slogans as “Defend our sovereignty，punish the traitors!”，“Abolishi ng the Twenty-one demands!”.

C. They held a demonstration and they shouted such slogans as “Defend our sovereignty，punish the traitors!”，“Abolishing the Twenty-one demands!”.

D. They shouted such slogans as “Defend our sovereignty，punish the traitors!”，“Abolishing the Twenty-one demands!”， and held a demonstration.

9. 如今，能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。

A. I am asked to write a preface to this collection of his essays and I find it a great honor.

B. I am able to write a preface to this collection of his essays and I feel it a great honor.

C. Being able to write a preface to this collection of his essays， I feel greatly honored.

D. I find it a great honor to be asked to write a preface to this collection of his essays.

10. 每天天不亮戴着星星去排队，工厂没开大门就排上老长的队了。

A. Everyday we wore stars to stand in a queue， which grew very long before the gate of the factory opened.

B. Everyday we queued up with stars over our heads. The gate of the factory did not open when the queue grew very long.

C. We had to queue up before dawn when there were still stars in the sky. A long queue formed before the mill’s gate opened.

D. We had to queue up before every starry dawn. The queue was very long before the mill’s gate opened.

B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements， each followed by four choices marked A， B， C and D. Select the one that best completes each statement.

11. 翻译初学者应该注意两个标准，一是，二是。

A. 忠实、明白

B. 通顺、易懂

C. 忠实、古雅

D. 忠实、通顺

英汉翻译教程试题

高等教育自学考试冲刺模拟试卷一 （英语专业） 英汉翻译教程（三） Part One I.Multiple Choice Questions （30 points, 2 points for each）A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1.For Britain our membership of the European Union and the World Trade Organization has brought this home. A.对英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份把这带到了家。 B.对英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织把我们送到了家。 C.对我们英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织的经历使我们对这一点深有感触。 D.对我们英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份使我们如鱼得水。 2.So now he contrived an eager, ingratiating smile, which he bestowed on Mr. Squires. A.因此他就装出急切的、迷人的笑，并投向史奎尔先生。 B.因此他就装出殷切的、拍马的笑，并把这笑赠予史奎尔先生。 C.因此他就对史奎尔先生装出一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 D.因此他就给史奎尔先生设计了一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 3. People disappear in that river every year, one of the policemen said to me that afternoon, half in dismay, half in frustration. A. 这条河里年年都有人消失，”当天下午警察中的一个以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 B. 这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。 C. 这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 D. 年年都有人消失在这条河里，”当天下午警察中的一个半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。 4. As recently as the early 1960s, the phrase environmental law ” would probably have produced little more than a puzzled look, even from many lawyers.

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考： 翻译教学和研究的经验表明：翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧，如选词（Diction）、转换（Conversion）、增补（Amplification）、省略（Omission）、重复（Repetition）、替代（Substitution）、变换（Variation）、倒臵（Inversion）、拆离（Division）、缀合（Combination）、阐释（Annotation）、浓缩（Condensation）、重组（Reconstruction），以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法，都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换，也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难，归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此，对比、分析和归纳这些差异，便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译，也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析，人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性，在进行交际时，能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法，以顺应这些差异，防止表达错误，避免运用失当，从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能，《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来，“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”，但同时，“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译，译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的，既是精神的，也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中，经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇，他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述：描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇，也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的，是语言与文化层面的逻辑性，这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说：“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性，而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现，相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象，我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏，因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意，如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意，但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间，迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间，英语与法语的天平有所侧重，在两者的遭遇中，译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思，相反，在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中，他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说：“只有在接触外语时，我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷，因此，只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我，可作一明镜，从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上，与异语文化的接触，有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足，便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养，弥补自身，丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中，纪德亲历了种种障碍，他结合翻译中的具体例证，作了某

英汉互译简明教程第一章

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第18章文学翻译 18.1 复习笔记 一、文学翻译的标准 对于文学翻译的要求是，“用另一种语言，把原作的艺术意境传达出来，使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作时一样得到启发、感动和美的感受”。 钱钟书把文学翻译的最高标准概括为一个“化”字。 二、文学翻译的过程 借鉴茅盾的有关解释，把文学翻译过程分为三个阶段： (1) 理解阶段； (2) 印证阶段； (3) 表达阶段。 在表达阶段强调的内容是： (1) 必须使用文学语言； (2) 尽量保持原作风格； (3) 力求内容和形式的辩证统一。 三、文学翻译须使用文学语言 这里仅介绍英文小说翻译的几个侧面：

1. 文学语言具有准确、形象、生动、自然等特征，译者应根据原作的艺术意境和语言特色，在译文里寻找适当的语言形式，使之文情并茂。 Daffodils all along the hedgerow swung like yellow, ruffled birds on their perches. 清风徐徐，沿灌木篱笆旁的水仙花轻轻地摇摆着，颇似栖息的鸟儿掀动着金黄色羽毛。 2. 运用娴熟的汉语，再现人物语言的形象化和个性化，使译文产生“如闻其声，如见其人”的艺术效果。 “Say, some tenderness, that!” This is reference to a smile or a melting glance on the part of a female. “唷，瞧那样多温存!”这说的是一位女性的嫣然一笑，或者回眸传情。 3. 凭借自己的审美体验，深刻理解原作的艺术美，进而形神兼备地再现这种艺术美。 四、加强文学翻译的基本功训练 有兴趣于或有志于从事文学翻译的青年，可在课内外分门别类地选做一些练习，以集中提高某些方面的表述能力。 18.2 课后习题详解 将下列英文译成汉语： 1. One morning, in the fall of 1880, a middle-aged woman, accompanied by a young girl of inquiry as to whether there was anything a- bout the place that she could do. She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and

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5. Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west. Another was the application of machinery to farming. 【译文】取得这一特殊成就有几方面的原因：第一个原因是向西部的扩展，第二个原因是机器在农业上的应用。 6. …for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges. These were to serve both as educational institutions and as centers for research in scientific farming. 【译文】……以便建立农业和工业学院。这些学校一方面是教育机关，另一方面，也是农业科学的研究中心。 7. …This is nothing li ke back home in Colorado. We have rains there, too. Thunderstorms in spring and summer... 【译文】……这跟家乡科罗拉多的情况迥然不同。科罗拉多也下雨。春夏两季雷雨交加……【解析】原文第二句用there代替in Colorado，而译文重复“科罗拉多”。 8. The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. 【译文】全世界在注视着。全世界在倾听着。全世界在等待着看我们将做些什么。 9. As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people.

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is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile? 我认为，如果一个人思路不清，他写文章也困惑，如果他喜怒无常的文章就会荒诞不经;如果他思想敏捷，和能，由眼前的事情，他将一百件事情，除非他有很大的自我控制、负荷在文章中隐喻和明喻。 I sincerely hope that your congratulations will be matched by your collective endeavour to seek a just and practical solution to the problem which has bedeviled the United Nations for so many years? 我真诚地希望你的祝贺将相媲美的集体努力追求公正和实际解决问题的困扰，联合国己经多年了。 Culture to him, as to the Orientals3 with whom he lived so much and sympathized so deeply, was an affair of the spirit and of mind not to be measured by material progress, or, even by the arts. 文化，在东方人，和他一起住这么多，深深同情的事情，是灵，可以不可以通过衡量物质进步、或,即使是艺术。 With Asia s economic meltdown rattling the Beijing leadership, Zhu and his colleagues now have a powerful argument that China must get its own house in order to prevent meddling by the International Monetary Fund or other outsiders?(China: Zhu is Taking a Broom to the Bureaucrats 与亚洲经济危机年代震动了北京的领导下，朱和他的同事们现在有一个强有力的论点，中国必须得到它的自己的房子为了防止干涉国际货币基金组织或其他外人。(中国:朱正在一个扫帚官僚扌宜权 that woman walks the streets? 那个妇女常在那些街上走 Bill is taking his bird to the pictures tonight. 比尔今晚带着他的女朋友去看电影。 He is not so ill but that he can come to school ?

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《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程教学大纲 （英文名称E-C Translation: Theory and Practice） 一、课程说明 课程编码 22110280 课程总学时 32 周学时 2 学分 1.5 课程性质专业必修课适用专业英语专业1、教学内容与学时安排（见下表）： 教学内容与学时安排表

2、课程教学目的与要求： 本课程是高等学校英语专业三年级学生开设的一门专业必修课。它是理论与实践相结合的一门课程，其主要目的在于使学生具备笔头英汉翻译的基本能力。通过介绍各类文体语言的特点、汉英两种语言的对比和分析以及各种不同文体的翻译方法，使学生掌握英汉翻译的基本理论，掌握英汉词语、长句及各种文体的翻译技巧和英译汉的能力。要求译文比较准确、流畅，翻译速度达到每小时250-300字。 3、本门课程与其它课程关系： 本课程为英语专业本科三年级学生开设。学生在修该课程之前已修完综合阅读，综合英语，语法学，词汇学，英美文化等课程，这些课程都为学生修该课程奠定了扎实的语言基础。该课程又是学生综合英语语言运用能力的体现和反映，它的开设不仅能提高学生的翻译能力，而且它与英美文学，语言学，口译，高级英语等都能帮助学生进一步提高他们的综合英语语言运用能力。 4、推荐教材及参考书： 教材采用孙致礼编著的《新编英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社（2003年4月第1版）教学参考书 Baker, Mona. 2001. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Bassnett S, Lefevere A. 2001. Constructing Cultures: Essays On Literary Translation.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. Brown Gillian & Yule George. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 2000 Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. Hatim B. 2001. Communication Across Cultures:Translation Theory and Contrastive Text

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