搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 翻译课程论文

翻译课程论文

翻译课程论文
翻译课程论文

Semantic translation and Communicative translation

Peter Newmark was the well-known translator and theorist. He absorbed the experience summed by predecessors and research production. Meanwhile ,he linked his practice in t with the previous theory to publish a book whose name was approaches to translation in t in 1981.In this famous book, Newmark advanced two new translation methods which were semantic translation and communicative translation. These two new concepts were easy to understand and creat a new way to research the theory of translation. So they were known as Peter Newmark’s greatest contribution in translation.

So what is semantic translation and communicative translation? From Newmark’s perspective ,he held the point that semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original while communicative translation attempts to produce to that obtained the readers of the original.

After having seven classes of translation theory and techniques,

I have some views on semantic translation and communicative

translation. My understanding on semantic translation is that semantic translation is deeply based on the source text, that is to say, it is source-oriented, author-centered, and pragmatic.

Using this translation method, the translator should value the form of the source text as well as the original intention of the author. Because of the requisition that target text should close to the source text in structures and words, the method emphasize on the transmission of information and the accuracy. It is somewhat like liberal translation or foreignizing translation. But in my opinion, the semantic translation collects the advantages of the word to word translation, liberal translation and loyal translation. However, it goes without saying that semantic translation also has its disadvantages because it has too much limitation. For all I know, Communicative translation is a convenient way to translate one language to another. Compared to semantic translation, communicative translation is target-oriented, reader-centered and idiomatic. As readers, they want to read a foreign book smoothly and without any difficulty. But the difference of culture will make them puzzled and confused----that is why we should take communicative translation strategy to translate foreign works. The core of communicative translation is readers, so this method attaches a great deal importance to the reader’s understanding and reaction, which means that it thinks highly of the transmission of function and effect. It require translator to organize the

structures again for the purpose of making the target text more smooth and idiomatic. Additionally, it absorbed the advantages of domesticating translation, free translation and idiomatic translation. So it is accepted by most translators.

The follow is that what is the difference and association between semantic translation and communicative translation?

There is no doubt that most obvious difference is the key point they emphasize. Surely, semantic translation focuses on the source text and author’s culture while communicative translation concentrates on target text and the reader’s culture. Farther more, semantic translation is objective and accurate, but communicative translation is subjective and direct. To make a long story short, semantic translation is based on the original text culture to a certain extend and communicative translation is not restrained by the original text culture.

Although they have a wide variety of differences in many concepts, they are not the stranger to each other because they often meet in the target text. In other words, they are not totally unrelated and they can’t be separated in translation. In a target text, there is not pure semantic translation or communicative translation but the interaction of both. Personally speaking, I support that the combination of both is the ideal translation method. Therefore, only

in applying these two methods flexibly can a translator produce a high-quality work.

Then, the next question is that when should we apply these methods in translating?

Because of the convenience of the communicative translation, most of the translators tend to use communicative translation when they translate a source text. These source texts include news reports, technology documents, official documents, informative slogans in the public occasion, the popular novels, the common established by the people through long social practice and the well-known analogies. But sometimes, in order to reflect the source test’s unique charm, preserve the author’s personal style, enrich Chinese vocabularies and make translation fresh and powerful, we will choose semantic translation. Undoubtedly, the cases such as the authoritative quotations, dramatic and fresh analogies should be applied of semantic translation.

Let us see some instances of semantic translation and communicative translation.

Example 1: Wet Paint!

Semantic translation: 湿油漆!

Communicative translation:油漆未干,请勿触摸!

Analysis: The source text is the slogan in the public occasion. When

we use semantic translation, we convey the message of the slogan but the translation does not have the same effect as the slogan. Then ,let us pay attention to communicative translation. It can be seen that communicative translation evidently conveys the meaning and the warning.

Example 2: Great minds think alike.

Semantic translation: 杰出的思想大致相同。

Communicative translation: 英雄所见略同。

Analysis: The source text is the proverb in English. Through semantic translation, we can know that what the proverb intends to tell us. But it doesn’t fit with our habit and we have a unsmooth impression on this translation. Referring to communicative translation, “英雄所见略同”is a Chinese proverb which is well-known and popular in Chinese people. This Chinese proverb fits perfectly to the meaning of “great minds think alike” and the custom of Chinese people. So the communicative translation one is more accepted and more suitable to Chinese people.

Example 3: a stick-and-carrot policy

Semantic translation: 大棒加萝卜政策。

Communicative translation: 武力恫吓和物资引诱政策。Analysis: The source text is a lively and vivid analogy. If we translate it with communicative translation, it will lose its characteristic and

be dull. Despite of meaning, the semantic translation one reappears the vivid description in source text. In this case, semantic translation is better than communicative translation.

Example 4: Clean &Clear

Translation: 可伶可俐

Analysis: This translation combines semantic translation and communicative translation, which not only expresses the advertisement’s meaning clearly but also has the same effect to the receiver.

Form above analysis, we can draw a conclusion that semantic translation expresses the original idea while communicative translation expresses the meaning by changing the forms and structures for the reason of conforming to the readers’ custom and habits. It can’t be denied that communicative translation is more acceptable but the combination of both is the best. So as a translator, he/she should be familiar with two methods and apply them in a flexible way.

翻译理论与实践论文

谈严复翻译 翻译,作为一种实践活动,在人类文化的交流中一直在广泛进行着。丰富的翻译活动,有利于我们科学系统地对翻译进行研究,也有利于我们形成独特的中西文化观。严复就是中国近代第一个学贯中西的人,他的翻译对中国近代思想有着深远的影响。 严复曾在福州马尾船厂船政学堂学习了五年,他学习了英文,几何,代数,电磁学,光学等新科学知识,到过新加坡,日本等地考察,后又到英国学习考察政治,经济,法律和社会制度,“了解中西政教,风俗之差异,关心世界大事。”回国后,他翻译了向国人敲起危亡警钟的《天演论》。揭示了自然界和人类社会“物竞天择,适者生存”的客观规律,宣传了进化思想。 下面研究一下严复的翻译思想和特点。在词法和句法结构中,他模仿先秦文体的词法句法结构,桐城派古文的优点,其他文体的积极因素,在此基础上进行创造性转化,创造了独具个人特色的新型文体。在《天演论》的手稿初稿中,他直接引用先秦散文中的句子并标明出处,虽然后来他觉得译作中放入中国古书的名字,中国古人的名字明显不妥,使读者感到彷徨,于是在改稿过程中将正文中出现的中国特色的专有名词尽皆删去,但导言仍保留部分如《导言十三》中的“以其所爱,及其所弗爱”一句系取自《孟子》;《导言十二》中的“诱然

皆生,而不知其所以生;同然皆生,而不知其所以得”系庄子所云,“自营为私”是韩非所言,“人之性恶”出自《荀子》。译文中多用单音节词,双音节词很少。而且他的翻译话语中有很多词类活用的范例。 1. 辨物穷微,明揭天道必不可知说。(《天演论·论六》) 2.不见夫业真者乎?(《原富》) 微是形容词,在句1中活用为动词。句2的业本来为名词,但在句中担任动词职务。同时,严复话语中疑问代词宾语前置,否定句中代词宾语前置的例子也不少。如: 何以明之?(《天演论·人群》) 人弗之觉也,觉亦弗之异也。(《天演论·能实》) 其少见的被动句主要采用先秦的“见”字句结构,如: 特在人者,每为气禀所拘。(《天演论·论八》) 而为是幻且虚者之所主。(《天演论·论九》) 若是物特为天下只所厚而择焉以存也者,夫是之谓天择。(《天演论·导言一》) 为了追求群内达旨,他用了很多排偶句: 小之极于跂行倒生,大之放乎日星天地;隐之则神思智识之所以圣狂,显之则政俗文章之所以沿革。(《天演论·导言二·广义》) 人,动物之灵者也,与不灵之禽兽鱼鳖昆虫对;动物者,生类之有知觉运动者也,与无知觉之指植物对;生类者,有质之物而具支体官理者也,与无支体官理之金石对。(《天演论·导言三·趋异》) 严复的翻译使用最多的策略当推意译,为了启发民智,在翻译过程中

翻译类论文题目

翻译类: 1.On Formal Correspondence of C/E Translation in Terms of Hypotaxis &. Parataxis从形合和意合看汉英翻译中的形式对应 2.How to Decode and Translate the Ambiguous Structures歧义结构的解码与翻译 3.Pragmatics and Advertisement Translation, with Special Emphasis on E/C Cultural Differences英汉文化差异与广告的语用翻译 4.Context and Business Discourse in English and Chinese 5.On the Peculiar ways of Expression in Dicken’s Novels试论狄更斯小说独特的 艺术手法 6.Female Images in the Sun Also Rises 论《太阳又升起了》小说中女性形象 7.Standarization of English: The Necessity and Feasility in an Age of Globaliztion 全球化时代英语标准化的必要性和可能性 8.On English Translation of Public Signs in Chinese 再谈汉英公示语翻译----以 2010年亚运会主办城市广州为例 9.Brief Appreciation on “Venice Merchant” 10.The Mannered Language of English 11.On the Properties of Idiomatic Expressions in English 12.The Differences and Samilarities Between Structural Ambiguity in English and Chinese 13.Time Conception in Different Cultures 14.On American Religion 15.On Title Translation of English Film and Disc 16.The Characteristics and the Rhetorical Roles of English Reduplicatives Neiteratives https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3e14319912.html,parisons of Multiplicity in Chinese and English and Its Translation 18.A Study of Hmorous Utterances Form the Perspective 19.The Current State and Prospects for English Teaching 20.The usage of “And” 21.A Survey on Culture and Social Life in USA 22.Inheretance and Development of National Language and Culture 23.Implicitness and Explicitness in Translation 24.谈英语谚语的翻译 25.谈英语幽默的翻译 26.地方名胜古迹汉译英 27.翻译中常见错误分析 28.中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响 29.会话含义的推导与翻译 30.词汇的文化内涵与翻译 31.语境在翻译中的作用 32.商标词翻译 33.广告语言的翻译 34.论英汉互译中的语义等值问题 35.英汉文化差异对翻译的影响 36.英汉谚语的理解和翻译

浅谈商务英语的特点及英译汉翻译技巧-商务英语专业毕业论文

浅谈商务英语的特点及英译汉翻译技巧 目录 中文摘要 (1) 英文摘要 (2) 提纲 (3) 正文 (4) 参考文献 (8)

浅谈商务英语的特点及英译汉翻译技巧 摘要:随着世界经济一体化的不断深化和扩展,国际商务活动日益频繁,商务英语的作用也变得日益显著,本文以商务英语作为实用英语语言工具的角度,对其显著的特点以及对应的英译汉翻译技巧进行简要分析,这有助于人们更好地学习商务英语,更好地进行商务沟通,取得国际经济贸易的成功。 关键词:商务英语;特点;英译汉;翻译技巧

On the Study of the Characteristic of Business English and Its E-C Translation Skills Abstract:As the world continues to deepen economic integration and expansion of international business having become increasingly frequent, the role of Business English is becoming increasingly significant, the paper business English as a practical tool for English language point of view.Its significant features, as well as the English translation of the corresponding Chinese translation skills to carry out a brief analysis, which helps business people to learn better English, better for business communication, international economic and trade success. Key words: business English; features; English-Chinese translation; translation skills

翻译类论文模板

摘要(三号宋体,加粗,居中) 语言和文化的关系近年来已成为研究热点。二十世纪八、九十年代,文化教学研究在西方世界已获得大力发展。受此影响,国内的外语文化研究也取得一些进展, 研究人员日益关注如何把对文化的理解和掌握贯穿于第二语言和外语的教与学中。语言学家伊利欣克尔教授(Eli Hinkel)主编的《第二语言教与学的文化因素》一书讲述了关于第二语言文化的研究。该书重点讲述文化因素在语言研究方面的应用及其研究成果在语言教学中的应用,并阐明了第二语言的学习以及人们的世界观是如何在第二语言和第二文化的背景中影响其学习、理解及交流的。 在该书引言部分,原作者简要介绍了文化研究与文化教学的重要概念和理论基础,并对每个章节加以评述,从而揭示了文化因素是如何影响第二语言学习的各个方面的。第一章主要介绍了如何理解文化和语言的关系,并通过对香港大学学生课堂行为的研究, 追溯到东西方课堂文化差异的渊源。另外,对苏格拉底与孔子有关教育和生活、教育目标、教育的作用、课堂活动的框架等内容进行了讨论。本论文作者在对以上部分进行翻译与思考之后,得出这样一个观点和结论:学生的课堂行为与教师的期望存在差距,是源自不同的教学思想和哲学根源。这就给外语教学提出了一个亟待重视和解决的问题,即要把对文化的理解和掌握始终贯穿在外语教学中。 (中文摘要内容不少于500汉字,为小四号宋体) 关键词(小四号宋体、加粗):(冒号)翻译;第二语言;教与学;文化因素;讨论(小四号宋体,关键词之间用分号分隔)

(此处另起一页,方法:点出“插入”---分隔符---分页符---确定即可) Abstract(三号,Times New Roman,居中)In recent years, the relationship between language and culture has become hot in research, and culture in teaching research has achieved great development. Researchers have become increasingly aware of how to promote cultural understanding and mastery in foreign language teaching and learning. The language professor Eli Hinkel has published a book named Culture in Second Language Teaching and Learning which gives advice about the research of foreign language culture. This book focuses on culture as it is applied to language research and the applications of its findings in language pedagogy. In addition, it focuses on second language learning and the ways in which people’s worldviews affect their learning, understanding and communication. Then, the author continues to introduce the main content of the two chapters translated. The introduction part mainly talks about some important conceptions and fundamental theories about culture and language in teaching research, and the original author’s comment. It points out how culture factors have influenced many different aspects of second language learning and using. Then Chapter One touches briefly on just a few of the studies that have contributed to an understanding of the relationship between culture and language, Through researches on students’ classroom behavior in Hong Kong University, the origin of the cultural differences has been explored. Besides, Chapter One also details the viewpoints of Confucius and Socrates in education and life, the role of education, teacher’s role, and arrangement of classroom activities. The conclusion can be made by the author of the thesis that t he reason why students’ classroom behaviors and teachers’ expectations disparate is that they have different teaching ideological and philosophical roots. This has caused a serious problem with the foreign language teaching --- culture has to run through foreign language teaching and learning practice all along. (英文摘要内容应与中文摘要内容相对应,小四号Times New Roman) Key words(小四号Times New Roman,加粗):(冒号)translating; second language; teaching and learning; culture; discourse (与中文关键词对应,小四号Times New

文学翻译论文

从形合与意合辩证法角度观古诗翻译策略 (潘静20084033042 英语师范三班) 摘要:形合( hypotaxis ) 和意合(parataxis)是英语和汉语篇章组织的常用手段,也是英汉两种语言的重要区别所在。本文提出应当运用哲学中的辩证法原理看待语言中的形合与意合,真正做到学术研究全面、客观、严谨以及科学。一方面,要重视句子及其以下层面的语言特点:英语侧重形合,汉语侧重意合;另一方面,更要研究英汉语的意合与形合在句子层面以上(段落、篇章)所具备的不同作用:英语篇章使用词汇手段等意合组织方式,而汉语篇章中则采用重复和骈偶等形合手段【1】。本文利用对《枫桥夜泊》这首古诗的英译研究分析,强调辩证地、动态地看待英汉语中的形意合问题,改进汉语古诗翻译策略,使译作体现并契合原诗作者的思想与内容,使译作读者明白并理解原诗的内涵与文化。 关键词:形合意合辩证法古诗翻译 Abstract: The very common means of English and Chinese discourse are hypotactic and paratactic, as well as the important differences. This paper argues that hypotaxis and parataxis in a language should be researched in a dialectic way. Only in this way, can academic research become more complete and objective. On the one hand, our attention should be paid to the characteristics of English and Chinese sentences and structures below the sentences leve l–English is more hypotactic while Chinese is more paratactic. On the other hand, it is very important and necessary to study the different functions of hypotactic and paratactic structures at the level of paragraphs in the two languages. Lexically paratactic structures are often found in English paragraphs, and hypotactic structures in the form of repetition and parallelism are frequently employed in Chinese. The author attaches the high importance to research languages in a dialectic way by the analysis of Mooring at night by Maple Bridge. So that we can find some strategies about the poem translation and make the successful exchange of two kinds of people with various background. Key words: hypotaxis, parataxis, dialectic way, poem translation 1.引文 形合与意合是英汉对比研究和翻译理论研究的重要课题之一,也是英汉语篇组织的重要手段之一。所谓形合就是依仗形式(包括词的变化形态,词汇的衔接等)将语言符号由“散”(个体的词)到“集”(组织乃至语篇)的语言组织手段,具有外显性和刚性;而意合则是依仗意义,即内在的逻辑关系组织语言的手段,具有内隐性和柔性。

翻译理论论文

外国语学院11英教4班 李海敏2011154404 浅谈英汉语言的主要差异和对应的翻译方法 翻译作为跨文化交际的重要手段之一,是和文化紧密结合在一起的。而语言又是与文化相互交叉,相互渗透的——语言作为文化信息的载体,可以突破时空限制,承载文化信息的多方面内涵。因此,在语际转换中,翻译是译者将一种语言文字所蕴涵的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动,是一种忠实于原文的再创作,而不是简单地将词和句进行转移。从这一点看,翻译是一种具有科学性、创造性的艺术。但由于各个民族在政治制度、地理环境、风俗习惯、宗教信仰以及文学艺术等方面都存在文化差异,文化的差异也会使不同的语言存在差异。在翻译过程中如何对待和处理这些语言上的差异,无论在理论上还是实践上都具有一定的现实意义。 英语讲究结构美,主要特征是语法完整,逻辑外形标志明显;而汉语则讲究意境美,主要特征是流水句多,外形松散而内含逻辑关系。英语强调句法的完整性和合理性,但是汉语不讲究愈发的完整,只要意思表达清楚即可。汉英两种语言的差异主要体现在: 一、形态差异 英语的词汇有形态变化,例如,动词有人称、时态、语态、情态和语气等变化,名词有格和数的变化,形容词和副词有级的变化。英语通过词汇的形态变化,表示句子丰富多彩的语言关系和逻辑关系。汉语基本没有形态变化,它靠词语、语序以及暗含逻辑关系来表达句子的语言意义。由于英汉词汇存在形态差异,所以将英语的形态变化翻译成汉语时,一般用加词或转换说法的办法来表示,比如,时态要加“正在”、“已经”等词。汉译英时应把汉语的时态、语态、情态等用英语的形态表达出来。 例如翻译句子“托马斯.爱迪生去世已经六十五年了.”时,我们不能译成“Thomas Edison has died for 65 years.”因为在英语的词汇里,die这个单词

很全-很详细的商务英语论文题目

商务英语论文题目 1、论文化因素对英汉翻译的影响 2、商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 3、商务函电翻译的用词技巧 4、商标名称的翻译与策略 5、汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧 6、商务谈判中的语言艺术 7、商务谈判的文化障碍 8、商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用 9、商务英语函电翻译技巧 10、商务谈判中英语的重要性 11、浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 12、礼仪在商务谈判中的作用 13、浅谈涉外合同英语特色 14、电子商务对国际贸易的影响及对策 15、商务谈判的艺术性 16、跨文化的商务谈判 17、商务英语交往中的礼貌原则 18、如何翻译好日常商务文书 19、商务英语信函的语体分析 20、浅谈商务信函的文体特征 21、英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译 22、商务英语汉英翻译中从句的运用技巧 23、论跨文化因素对商业广告英语翻译的影响 24、跨文化商务交际中的语言和非语言因素 25、浅谈英语告示语的语言特色与翻译 26、商务英语阅读研究 27、商务英语写作问题研究 28、商务英语考试技巧研究 29、商务英语听力策略研究 30、英语口语或语法在商务领域中的应用 31、商务函电交流研究 32、商务英语学习方法 33、跨文化交际与中西文化冲突 34、国际商务中的跨文化交际问题 35、商务谈判中的跨文化冲突 36、国际商务谈判中应注意的文化因素 37、国际商务谈判中的“文化壁垒” 38、广告英语的分类及分析 39、虚拟语气与商务英语表达 40、跨文化交际在商务英语学习中的运用 41、商务英语学习中跨文化交际能力的培养 42、商务英语在国际营销中的作用

43、术语在国际商务中的重要性 44、商务谈判语言技巧 45、浅析跨文化交际中的商务礼仪 46、例析论网络环境下商务英语的拓展学习模式 47、浅析商务英语汇商务英语中俚语的风格及翻译 48、商务英语教学中英语知识与商务知识的关系 49、商务英语中以谓语动词为中心的基本句型的翻译 50、商务英语的语言特色探讨 51、反译法在商务英语中的应用 52、奈达“等值”理论于商务英语翻译中的理解和应用 53、商务英语中的平行结构及其翻译方法 54、语用原则在商务英语应用中的度范畴 55、商务英语语篇文体特征分析 56、商务英语常用单词的多义现象例析 57、商务英语中的委婉表达及其翻译 58、商务英语翻译中的跨文化因素 59、商务英语中书面语言的文体特征及语用分析 60、社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响 61、英语写作中常见中式英语分析 62、汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题 63、美国英语习语与文化 64、中美日常交际中的文化差异 65、中西方文化差异及语言体现 商务英语论文题目|商务英语毕业论文题目参考 一、英语论文基本格式 1、毕业论文结构包括:主标题、论文摘要、正文(一般不少于5000字)、注释、参考书目,注释统一用尾注。 2、板式:毕业论文一律用计算机打印。(使用A4规格打印,每页30行) 二、阅读类参考题目以下参考题目对应的范文请到VIP留学生论文网下载,如需原创论文需与在线辅导老师沟通。 1、持续性交际法对商务英语学习者口语和写作能力提高的研究分析 2、商务英语文体学分析 3、语篇功能对等视角的商务英语翻译 4、高职商务英语专业实践课程开发 5、关联理论在商务英语阅读教学中的应用 6、成人商务英语教学中学生自主学习能力的培养 7、功能对等理论视角下的商务英语翻译 8、中职商务英语教学中跨文化交际意识的培养 9、论商务英语翻译中的文化转向 10、职前学生商务英语词汇教学法探索 11、商务英语中模糊语言的应用及其语用分析 12、从目的论角度看国际商务英语翻译的质量评估 13、高职院校商务英语精读教学中的任务型教学法 14、词典类型对翻译与习得商务英语新词作用的实证研究

医学论文英语翻译技巧

医学论文英语摘要的写作及难句翻译 [摘要] 2.1 文章标题文章标题具备信息功能(提供文章的主要内容)、祈使功能(吸引读者阅读和购买)、美感功能(简单明了、新颖、醒目)和检索功能(方便读者和科技工作者检索、查阅及引用)。 2.2 语态在英语中却常常采用第三人称的被动语态。 2.3 时态:一般现在时和一般过去时,偶尔也会出现完成时。 结论”中的一句,是论文作者对研究工作进行的总结,并指出其对当前实际工作的指导意义,因此使用的是一般现在时。当然,使用何种时态不能一概而论。在翻译时,要根据原文中所要表达的意思来最后确定。 3 长、难句的翻译 不管是英语还是汉语医学文章,都有一个共同的特点,即它们的句子通常较长,结构较复杂,有时,长长的一段文字仅由一句话组成。在医学论文摘要中更是如此,要做好它们的互译还真不容易。这是因为汉语句子建构在意念主轴(thought?pivot)上'英语句子建构在形式(或主谓)主轴(form?pivot or subject? predict?pivot)上。也就是说,虽然句子是表达完整意义的语言单位,汉语强调的是意义,不太强调句子结构,许多句子没有主语,还有的句子主语不明显,但意义是明确的;而英语句子特别强调句子结构,绝大多数句子需要主语和谓语。这就要求在汉译英过程中注意句意的转换,学会抓找中心词和使用英语中的各个关联词。请看下列例子 例1:“以BPDE诱导恶性转化的人支气管上皮细胞株16HBE为模型,采用cDNA代表性差异分析方法,比较转化细胞及正常对照细胞间基因表达的差异,分离恶变细胞中差异表达的cDNA片段。”翻译:The malignant transformation of human bronchial cell line 16HBE induced by BPDE was used as a m odel for comparing gene expression between the transformed cells and controls. cDNA representational difference analysis was performed to isolate differentially expressed cDNA fragment in transformed cell s.分析:在中文原句中,出现了“以……”、“采用……”以及“比较……”、“分离……”这两个看似并列的机构'如果按照原文翻译'就会不知所云。因此,根据句意和英语的句子结构,将原文分成两层意思,按照两个句子去翻译。在第一层意思中,“上皮细胞株”在句中是中心词,但在实际翻译中,应通过所有格形式将“恶性转化”处理为中心词。翻译时,将它们的位置颠倒过来,并且为了保持和中文“以…”结构相一致,使用了被动语态。第二层意思中,“c DNA代表性差异分析方法”是中心词。其他结构按照英文习惯出现,层次分明,出落自然,毫无累赘之感。 例2:“这些感受器是神经末梢,它们嵌入血管壁,根据该血管扩张的程度发出冲动。”翻译:These r eceptors are nerve endings that discharge impulses according to the extent of stretch in the wall of the vessels in which they are imbedded.分析:原文虽然不是太长'但如果按照中文结构去译'就显得很幼稚。因此'就应使用英语中的各个关联词及关联结构。本句中采用的是定语分译法'即用一个主句带上一个定语从句'该定语从句又带上它自己的定语从句'这不仅符合英文习惯'而且逻辑性很强。整个译文层次明晰、流畅自然。以上是笔者在工作中的一些探索'希望能对进行医学论文英语摘要写作的医务工作者有所启发。 翻译的等效性和灵活性 1. 正确理解“等效翻译”

合肥工业大学论文翻译

论文翻译 设计题目: 统计力学坐标膜致密的自我避免 学生姓名:刘全乐 学号:20100489 专业班级:机械设计制造及其自动化10-4班 指导老师:翟华 时间:2013年06月13日

统计力学集体坐标阶段中膜致密的自我避免 D.R. Daniels? 英国华威大学物理系 收于2004年7月23 于2005年1月30日前可用在线摘要 我们一个提出范围涵盖很广的统计的技术理论,密集的填充有限度的过滤膜的自我回避继而接近均匀分布的阶段。我们也给出一个理论的关于小角度的分散光谱会类似这样聚集的预期,此外这还表明这可以有效地筛选出过滤膜密集的相位。这是一个定量的关于什么时候这个工作中残留的可以应用的可以被表达的理论的方法概括的讨论。在这个工作中得到的结果很可能与物质的或者是生物的过滤膜可能的新奇的稠密的阶段相关联。 关键词:统计力学;膜;自我回避 介绍 自我回避系统过滤膜是两个空间在三维空间混合的有联系的啮合嵌入,就是这样过滤膜很自然的在红细胞的细胞支架中出现。碳纤维氧化涂层聚合覆盖或者是单层出现以及交联的DNA网络这描绘过滤膜表现的统计力学更多的是人们众所周知的一个二维普遍化的单向度聚合物情况. 了解自我避免限度式过滤膜的性能。因此剩下来就研究理论上的以及实验上的两者的一个有效地区域。为了进一步说明我们引用了被给出的广泛认同的评论的读物,例如《推荐》期刊。在很多的理论上的工作在很好的溶解条件下单一的隔绝的范围薄膜的案例已经被提出。目前的研究文献提出这样一个在预定的低温的阶段和高温的褶皱的情况阶段范围薄膜被崩溃的跃迁所扭曲的的特征。这个低温的相位被称为平相拥有很大的持久性长度。它拥有很大的持久性长度以及在嵌入的体积空间中有一个自发的方向。这个高温的褶皱的相位特征在于一个有限的持久性长度以及在嵌入的空间体积内没有自发的方向。 然而, 所有先前的理论上的关于自我避免式的交互单个的孤立的限度过滤膜的推理已经被证实非常的复杂。在文献中这个分析的工作在相关的关键的范例以及全局的阶段图解中的一系列的结果也没确切表明。例如,此外,现有的数字的工作表明一个单个的孤立的限度薄膜在褶皱的相位(当然是扭曲的跃迁)是完全会消失的,以及个别人自我避免的限度式过滤膜是经常出现在延伸的相位。 在这个工作中(反对大多数以前工作的结论) 在这样宽松的特征正如稀释的条件我们将不能够处理一个在良好的溶剂中单一的孤立的自我隔离限度薄膜根据。恰恰相反, 在这工作中我们将学习到理论上的在以前大多数工作基础上的精确地反物理的限制,也就是那种吧密集的集中地大量填充的,因此大量的自我避免式的限度过滤膜也近乎同类的的系列。在这个工作中我们的假设的方法是对于相对于以前取得巨大成功的高分子聚合物产品和高分子融合物受启发的通过类似的方法。这在里我们应该将工作理解为它并不是为了让我描述我们熟知的情况一个有规律的安排好的在层叠状态下的过滤膜的堆栈。此外,显式薄膜的影响是可以忽略不计的,如典型的情况式过滤膜的自我描述。 我们将在以下的一个部分中继续进行被用到的理论大纲。

本科及研究生学术论文参考文献格式

本科及研究生学术论文参考文献格式 (Bibliography, Works Citied, References) 一.文学、翻译方向:MLA (一)说明 1. 文献类别标识 (1)常用文献类型用单字母标识 专著——[M](monograph);期刊文章——[J](journal);专著、论文集中的析出文献——[A](article);论文集——[C](collected papers);学位论文——[D](dissertation);专利——[P](patent);技术标准——[S](standardization);报纸——[N](newspaper article);科技报告——[R](report);其他未说明的文献类型,如字典——[Z] (2)电子文献载体类型用双字母标识 磁带——[MT](magnetic tape);磁盘——[DK](disk);光盘——[CD](CD-ROM);联机网络——[OL](online); (3)电子文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识(文献类型标识/载体类型标识) 联机网上数据库——[DB/OL](data base online);磁带数据库——[DB/MT](data base on magnetic tape);光盘图书——[M/CD](monograph on CD-ROM);磁盘软件——[CP/DK](computer program on disk);)网上期刊——[J/OL](serial online);网上电子公告——[EB/OL](electronic bulletin board online) 2. 文献排序 (1)先外文,后中文。 (2)所有文献均按作者的姓(或机构名称)的字母顺序排列。

翻译理论论文-郭沫若创造性

一、郭沫若译著简介 郭沫若的译作覆盖面广,包括戏剧、小说、诗歌、文艺理 论、马列著作与科技作品等不同体裁。他精通日、德、英等国 文字,译作颇为丰富。代表译作有歌德的《浮士德》(上卷1928 年,下卷1947 年) 、《少年维特之烦恼》(1922 年)、雪莱《雪莱诗选》(1926 年)马克思《政治经济学批判》(1931 年)、马克思恩格斯合著《德意志意识形态》(1931 年)等。 在翻译的选材上,郭沫若非常注意作品的时代性,总是 选择与自身生活时代极为相似的作品作为折射。郭沫若选译 的原著大多深刻反映下层人物的悲惨遭遇,对社会下层人物 寄予了深厚同情的作品,借以揭露和控诉黑暗的旧制度和吃 人的剥削社会;符合当时读者渴望自由平等、要求个性解放 的思潮,宣扬平等自由,号召反帝反封建,打碎旧世界,建立 新社会。也与他本人具有的反抗性浪漫主义精神紧相吻合。 加以他深厚的中文功底,因此译来有如神助。他的文学译品, 尤其是译诗,大多具有很强的魅力,能够拨动读者的心弦(《中 国翻译词典》257 页)。 德国著名诗人歌德的作品都具有强烈的政治倾向性,揭 露和批判了封建制度的腐朽,宣扬个性解放和自由平等,这 些激进的思想在郭沫若心里引起了强烈的共鸣。他选择翻译 歌德的《浮士德》,是认为当时中国的五四运动很像歌德青年 时代的狂飙突进运动,是由封建社会向现代社会急变的历史 转折时期,是反对封建束缚和专制暴政、要求个性解放的思 想文化运动。20 世纪20 年代前期,浪漫主义对我国文坛影响 巨大。郭沫若是受惠特曼影响最大的中国现代诗人,曾被称 为“中国的惠特曼”。惠特曼对民主自由的追求,对个性解放 和自我的张扬,对劳动人民的赞美,对未来的乐观主义的信 念,都是和“五四”前后的时代精神,和当时进步知识分子的 革命要求相适应的。郭沫若是新文学积极浪漫主义的主将, 他的译论自然也带有这一色彩。然而,受他当时文艺思想中 宗派主义和唯心主义成分的影响,郭沫若的翻译理论也含有 这样一些消极因素。 二、郭沫若的“创作论”翻译思想及评析 郭沫若不仅在翻译实践方面硕果累累,而且在翻译理论 方面也颇有建树,他的翻译思想在中国翻译文学史上占有重 要地位。作为一个情感丰富、勇于创新、具有典型诗人气质的 人,郭沫若很快通过翻译在西方作家那里找到了知音,并很 容易接受其人文主义思想和叛逆精神。追求个性解放。受他 当时文艺思想中宗派主义和唯心主义成分的影响,郭沫若的 翻译理论也含有一些消极因素,他的翻译思想及其文艺思想 也经历了一个从稚嫩、偏激、不尽客观到深刻、成熟、比较客 观的过程。他最突出的翻译观点是“创作论”。 “创作论”是郭沫若正翻译思想的灵魂。郭沫若的“翻译 的动机与效果”论在翻译界产生了极大的影响。郭沫若非常

翻译论文选题方向汇总

翻译论文选题方向汇总文件编码(008-TTIG-UTITD-GKBTT-PUUTI-WYTUI-8256)

The Characteristics of Athletic English and Its Translation 体育英语的特点及翻译翻译?The Semantic Contrast of Color Words between English and Chinese and t h e i r T r a n s l a t i o n 中英颜色词的语义对比及翻译翻译?Chinese Reduplicated Words and their Translation into English 汉语叠词及其英译翻译? B r a n d T r a n s l a t i o n 商标翻译翻译?On Translating Methods of Numerals between Chinese and English中英数字的翻译方法翻译?Literal and Free Translation in the Translation of Advertisement H e a d l i n e s a n d S l o g a n s 广告用语的直译和意译翻译?O n t h e T r a n s l a t i o n o f C h i n e s e T r a d e M a r k i n t o E n g l i s h 中文商标的英译翻译? C u l t u r e D i f f e r e n c e s a n d T r a n s l a t i o n

英语专业毕业论文翻译类论文

英语专业毕业论文翻译 类论文 Document number:NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT

毕业论文(设计)Title:The Application of the Iconicity to the Translation of Chinese Poetry 题目:象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用 学生姓名孔令霞 学号 BC09150201 指导教师祁晓菲助教 年级 2009级英语本科(翻译方向)二班 专业英语 系别外国语言文学系

黑龙江外国语学院本科生毕业论文(设计)任务书 摘要

索绪尔提出的语言符号任意性,近些年不断受到质疑,来自语言象似性的研究是最大的挑战。语言象似性理论是针对语言任意性理论提出来的,并在不断发展。象似性是当今认知语言学研究中的一个重要课题,是指语言符号的能指与所指之间的自然联系。本文以中国诗歌英译为例,探讨象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用,从以下几个部分阐述:(1)象似性的发展;(2)象似性的定义及分类;(3)中国诗歌翻译的标准;(4)象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用,主要从以下几个方面论述:声音象似、顺序象似、数量象似、对称象似方面。通过以上几个方面的探究,探讨了中国诗歌翻译中象似性原则的重大作用,在诗歌翻译过程中有助于得到“形神皆似”和“意美、音美、形美”的理想翻译效果。 关键词:象似性;诗歌;翻译

Abstract The arbitrariness theory of language signs proposed by Saussure is severely challenged by the study of language iconicity in recent years. The theory of iconicity is put forward in contrast to that of arbitrariness and has been developing gradually. Iconicity, which is an important subject in the research of cognitive linguistics, refers to a natural resemblance or analogy between the form of a sign and the object or concept. This thesis mainly discusses the application of the iconicity to the translation of Chinese poetry. The paper is better described from the following parts: (1) The development of the iconicity; (2) The definition and classification of the iconicity; (3) The standards of the translation to Chinese poetry; (4) The application of the iconicity to the translation of Chinese poetry, mainly discussed from the following aspects: sound iconicity, order iconicity, quantity iconicity, and symmetrical iconicity. Through in-depth discussion of the above aspects, this paper could come to the conclusion that the iconicity is very important in the translation of poetry. It is conductive to reach the ideal effect of “the similarity of form and spirit” and “the three beauties”. Key words: the iconicity; poetry; translation

英汉互译课程论文原文(5)Translation Theory

嘉兴学院课程论文 2012—2013学年第1学期 课程名称:英汉互译 班级:姓名:学号: 要求:阅读下文,并组织4个同学将其译为汉语(请注明每位同学翻译的部分) A Short History of Western Translation Theory Introduction Antoine Berman has argued that because "reflection on translation has become an internal necessity of translation itself…(t)he construction of a history of translation is the first task of a modern theory of translation" (Berman 1992: 1). This paper gives a very brief overview of the history of western theories of translation, from the perspective of the end of the twentieth century. The framework for my discussion will be a discourse analysis approach to the history of ideas developed by the French historian Michel Foucault. Adapting Steiner (1998: 248-9), I will divide the history of discourse on translation into four periods: (1) a "traditional" period, from the beginning of the Christian era to the end of the eighteenth century, which is a period of "immediate empirical focus", (2) a period of "theory and hermeneutic inquiry", growing out of German Romanticism around the beginning of the nineteenth century, (3) a "modern" period, reaching well into the twentieth century, in which the influence of General Linguistics is increasingly dominant, and (4) the contemporary period, subsequent to the publication of Steiner"s book, which has taken to itself the name of "Translation Studies". An Approach to the History of Ideas My sources to the end of the nineteenth century will be drawn from Douglas Robinson"s Western Translation Theory(Robinson1997a). In studying the history of ideas about translation theory, we are seeking to make sense of a series of existing written texts - what they have to say about the act of translation and translated texts, and how they say what they have to say. Clearly there is a vast amount of discourse about the practice and significance of the act of translation. The 334 pages of Robinson"s book include 124 texts by 90 authors. The historical "sequel", which is the basis of my later remarks, Venuti"s Translation Studies Reader (2000), includes 30 essays by 30 authors and covers 524 pages. This mass of documents is far from being a random collection of statements. As Foucault has noted: "we know perfectly well that we are not free to say just anything, that we cannot simply speak of anything, when we like or where we like; not just anyone, finally, may speak of just anything" (Foucault 1972: 216). Specific fields of discourse are organised in regular ways and grow out of definable social contexts. In all fields of discourse, including those related to translation, "discursive practices are characterised by the delimitation of a field of objects, the definition of a legitimate perspective

相关主题