课文翻译_课后答案_全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程_第五册_Unit_2_Diet_Let's_Go_Veggie

Picture in your mind all the dishes that go to make up your ideal meal. Now take away all the dishes with meat in them. Not much left on the table? Then Joseph Pace has a word or two to say to you in an attempt to get you to change your eating habits.

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想像一下组成你理想美食的全部菜肴。再把含肉的菜肴全部拿走。桌上就所剩无几了吧？好，约瑟夫·派斯有几句话要对你说，想劝你改变饮食习惯。

Let's Go Veggie!

Joseph Pace

1 If there was a single act that would improve your health, cut your risk of food-borne illnesses, and help preserve the environment and the welfare of millions of animals, would you do it?

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咱们吃素吧! 约瑟夫·派斯

如果有一件事，既能增进健康、减少患上食物引起的疾病的危险，又有助于保护环境、保护千万动物安全生存，你做不做？

2 The act I'm referring to is the choice you make every time you sit down to a meal.

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我说的这件事就是每次坐下来就餐时挑选菜肴。

3 More than a million Canadians have already acted: They have chosen to not eat meat. And the pace of change has been dramatic.

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一百多万加拿大人已经行动起来：他们决定不吃肉。变化速度之快令人惊叹。

4 Vegetarian food sales are showing unparalleled growth. Especially popular are meat-free burgers and hot dogs, and the plant-based cuisines of India, China, Mexico, Italy and Japan.

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素食品的销售额大大增加，前所未有。尤受欢迎的是无肉汉堡包和热狗，以及以蔬为主的印度、中国、墨西哥、意大利和日本的菜肴。

5 Fuelling the shift toward vegetarianism have been the health recommendations of medical research. Study after study has uncovered the same basic truth: Plant foods lower your risk of chronic disease; animal foods increase it.

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推动人们转向素食的是医学研究提出的关于如何增进健康的建议。一项又一项的研究都揭示了同样的基本事实：果蔬降低患慢性病的危险；肉类食品则增加这种危险。

6 The American Dietetic Association says: "Scientific data suggest positive relationships between a vegetarian diet and reduced risk for several chronic degenerative diseases."

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美国饮食学协会指出，“科学资料表明，素食与降低多种慢性变性疾病的患病危险肯定有关系。”

7 This past fall, after reviewing 4,500 studies on diet and cancer, the World Cancer Research Fund flatly stated: "We've been running the human biological engine on the wrong fuel."

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去年秋天，在检验了4500个饮食与癌症的研究报告之后，世界癌症研究基金会直截了当地指出：“我们一向利用不合适的养料来维持人类生理引擎的运转。”

8 This "wrong fuel" has helped boost the cost of degenerative disease in Canada to an estimated $400 billion a year, according to Bruce Holub, a professor of nutritional science at the University of Guelph.

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据威尔夫大学营养科学教授布鲁斯·霍拉勃称，这一“不合适的养料”致使加拿大每年用于治疗变性疾病的费用高达4000亿（加）元。

9 Animal foods have serious nutritional drawbacks: They are devoid of fiber, contain far too much saturated fat and cholesterol, and may even carry traces of hormones, steroids and antibiotics. It makes little difference whether you eat beef, pork, chicken or fish.

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肉类食品存在严重的营养缺陷：它们不含纤维，含有过多的饱和脂肪和胆固醇，甚至可能含有微量的激素、类固醇和抗菌素。牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉或鱼肉都一样。

10 Animal foods are also gaining notoriety as breeding grounds for E. coli, campylobacter and other bacteria that cause illness. According to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, six out of ten chickens are infected with salmonella. It's like playing Russian roulette with your health.

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肉类食品也是越来越广为人知的大肠杆菌、弯曲菌以及其他致病细菌的孳生地。据加拿大食品检验机构称，十分之六的鸡染有沙门氏菌。吃肉无异于玩俄式轮盘赌，拿你的健康做赌资。

11 So why aren't governments doing anything about this? Unfortunately, they have bowed to pressure from powerful lobby groups such as the Beef Information Center, the Canadian Egg Marketing Agency and the Dairy Farmers of Canada. According to documents retrieved through the Freedom of Information Act, these groups forced changes to Canada's latest food guide before it was released in 1993.

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既然如此，政府为什么不采取任何措施？很遗憾，政府屈服于强有力的院外活动集团的压力，如牛肉信息中心、加拿大禽蛋营销公司、加拿大乳牛场场主协会等。根据信息自由法案获得的有关文件记载，这些集团迫使加拿大最新食品指南在1993年公布前作出修改。 12 This should come as no surprise: Even a minor reduction in recommended intakes of animal protein could cost these industries billions of dollars a year.

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这并不奇怪。即使建议动物蛋白质的摄入量减少一丁点儿都会给这些企业带来每年数十亿元的损失。

13 While health and food safety are compelling reasons for choosing a vegetarian lifestyle, there are also larger issues to consider. Animal-based agriculture is one of the most environmentally destructive industries on the face of the Earth. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

健康和食品安全是选择素食生活方式令人信服的理由，但此外还有更为重大的因素要考虑。以饲养动物为基础的农业是世界上对环境破坏最严重的产业之一。

14 Think for a moment about the vast resources required to raise, feed, shelter, transport, process and package the 500 million Canadian farm animals slaughtered each year. Water and energy are used at every step of the way. Alberta Agriculture calculates that it takes 10 to 20 times more energy to produce meat than to produce grain.

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想一想培育、饲养、建牲畜栏、运输、加工和包装加拿大每年宰杀的5亿头牲畜所需的巨大资源。其中的每一个环节都耗费水和能源。阿尔伯达农业署估计，生产肉耗费的能源比生产谷物多10－20倍。

15 Less than a quarter of our agricultural land is used to feed people directly. The rest is devoted to grazing and growing food for animals. Ecosystems of forest, wetland and grassland have been decimated to fuel the demand for land. Using so much land heightens topsoil loss, the use of harsh fertilizers and pesticides, and the need for irrigation water from dammed rivers. If people can shift away from meat, much of this land could be converted back to wilderness.

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用于直接为人们提供食物的土地还不到农业用地的四分之一。其余的都用来放牧和种饲料。森林、湿地和草原的生态系统遭受相当严重的破坏，以满足对土地的需求。土地的大量利用加剧了表土的流失，增加了会带来负面作用的化肥和杀虫剂的施用，增加了从筑有水坝的河流中引水灌溉的需求。如果人们能摒弃肉食，许多土地就能回复到未开垦状态。

16 The problem is that animals are inefficient at converting plants to edible flesh. It takes, for example, 8.4 kilograms of grain to produce one kilogram of pork, the U. S. government estimates.

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问题在于，动物在把植物转化为可食用的肉类这方面的效率很低。举例来说，美国政府估测，生产1公斤猪肉需要耗费8.4 公斤的谷物。

17 After putting so many resources into animals, what do we get out? Manure —at a rate of over 10,000 kilograms per second in Canada alone, according to the government. Environment Canada says cattle excrete 40 kilograms of manure for every kilogram of edible beef. A large egg factory can produce 50 to 100 tonnes of waste per week, the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture estimates.

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我们把这么多资源耗费在动物身上，又得到什么回报呢？粪肥——据官方资料，仅加拿大，就以每秒10,000多公斤的速度排出。加拿大环境部称，牛每产1公斤可食牛肉需排出40公斤粪便。安大略省农业部估测，一家大型禽蛋工厂每星期可产出50－100吨禽粪。

18 And where does it go? In the 1992 Ontario Groundwater Survey, 43 per cent of tested wells were contaminated with agricultural run-off containing fecal coliform bacteria and nitrates. Earlier this month, charges were laid against a large Alberta feedlot operator for dumping 30 million litres of cattle manure into the Bow River, "killing everything in its path," as a news story described it.

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这些粪便都到哪儿去了？1992年安大略省地下水调查发现， 43%的被测试水井都受到含有粪便大肠杆菌和硝酸盐等农业生产排出的废物的污染。本月初，阿尔伯达一家大型围栏肥育地经营者被指控将3千万升牛粪排入博河，“沿途生灵悉数被毁”，一则新闻这么报道。

19 And then there is methane, a primary contributing gas in global warming and ozone layer depletion. Excluding natural sources, 27 per cent of Canada's and 20 per cent of the world's methane comes from livestock.

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此外还有沼气，那是促使全球气候变暖和臭氧层减少的主要气体。不把天然沼气资源包括在内，加拿大27%的沼气、全世界20%的沼气都来自牲畜。

20 John Robbins, author of the Pulitzer prize-nominated book Diet for a New America (Group West), said it best when he stated: "Eating lower on the food chain is perhaps the most potent single act we can take to halt the destruction of our environment and preserve our natural resources."

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获普利策提名奖的《新美洲饮食》一书作者约翰·罗宾斯说得好：“食用食物链较低部分的食物或许是我们可用以阻止环境破坏、保护自然资源的最最有效的行动。”

21 Our environment also includes the animals killed for their meat. It has become an accepted fact that today's factory-farmed animals live short, miserable, unnatural lives.

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我们的环境也包括为食其肉而被宰杀的动物。当今工厂化农场的牲畜寿命极短，过着悲惨的、不正常的生活，这已是公认的事实。

22 As part of my research at the University of Waterloo, I toured some of the country's largest "processing" plants. The experience has left me with recurring nightmares.

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作为我在沃特卢大学研究工作的一部分，我参观过一些全国最大的“加工”厂。这个经历让我日后尽做噩梦。

23 I saw "stubborn" cows being beaten and squealing pigs chased around the killing floor with electric calipers.

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我见到“固执”的牛被打、尖叫着的猪在屠宰室被人用电卡钳追逐。

24 I looked on in utter shock as a cow missed the stun gun and was hoisted fully conscious upside down by its hind leg and cut to pieces, thrashing until its last breath.

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我万分震惊地目睹一头牛躲过了眩晕枪，结果被缚住后腿倒挂起来，惨遭活剐，一直挣扎到断气。

25 Noticing my shock, the foreman remarked: "Who cares? They're going to die anyway."

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工头见我惊骇不已，便说：“管它呢！它们反正得死。”

26 Because it can cost hundreds of dollars per minute to stop the conveyor line, animal welfare comes second to profit. Over 150,000 animals are "processed" every hour of every working day in Canada, according to Agriculture Canada.

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由于传送线停转一分钟就要损失好几百元，家畜的利益就变得不如利润重要。据加拿大农业署称，在加拿大，每个工作日，每小时有150,000多头家畜被“加工”。

27 The picture gets uglier still. En route to slaughter, farm animals may legally spend anywhere from 36 to 72 hours without food, water or rest. They're not even afforded the "luxury" of temperature controlled trucks in extreme summer heat or sub-zero cold.

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情况变得甚至更可怕。家畜在宰杀前的运输途中，法律允许在36－72小时内不给进食、进水，不让休息。即使在炎夏或零度以下的严冬，它们连乘温控卡车的“奢侈”也不让享受。

28 Agriculture Canada has estimated that more than 3 million Canadian farm animals die slow and painful deaths en route to slaughter each year.

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加拿大农业署估计，加拿大每年有3百多万头家畜在宰杀前的运输途中痛苦地慢慢死去。

29 I've also visited typical Canadian farms. Gone are the days when piglets snorted and roosters strutted their way about the barnyard. Most of today's modernized farms have long, windowless sheds in which animals live like prisoners their entire lives.

I have seen chickens crammed four to a cage, nursing pigs separated from their young by iron bars and veal calves confined to crates so narrow they couldn't turn around. Few of these animals ever experience sunlight or fresh air — and most of their natural urges are denied.

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本人还参观过一些典型的加拿大农场。猪崽喷着鼻息、公鸡在粮仓的空场上昂首行走的日子已经一去不复返。而今大多数的现代化农场都有一个个狭长的、没有窗户的牲畜棚，牲畜一生关在棚里，如囚犯一般。我见到过四只鸡挤在一个笼里，喂奶的母猪与猪崽被铁条隔开，肉用小牛关在狭窄得转不过身来的板条箱里。这些牲畜几乎都终年不见阳光，呼吸不到新鲜空气——它们天生的欲望大都得不到满足。

30 Although it is difficult to face these harsh realities, it is even more difficult to ignore them. Three times a day, you make a decision that not only affects the quality of your life, but the rest of the living world. We hold in our knives and forks the power to change this world.

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面对这种严峻的现实固然困难，置之不理更是难上加难。一日三次，你要做出不仅影响自身生活质量、更是事关整个有生命世界的决定。我们手里的餐刀餐叉拥有改变这个世界的力量。

31 Consider the words of Albert Einstein: "Nothing will benefit human health and increase the chances for survival of life on Earth as the Evolution to a vegetarian diet."

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让我们想一想阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的话吧：“没有什么比转向素食更有益于人类健康，更能增加世间万物的生存机会。”

32 Bon appetite.

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祝君胃口好。

1. ideal

a. satisfying one's idea of what is perfect; most suitable 理想的，完美的

e.g. In an ideal world no one would go hungry.

2. veggie

n. (infml) = vegetarian or vegetable

3. go veggie

吃素

e.g. This book is packed with useful information to help your family go veggie.

4. food-borne

a. 食物引起的

e.g. Food-borne illnesses are neither long-lasting nor life-threatening.

5. refer to

mention or speak of (sb. / sth.) 提到，说到

e.g. In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.

6. vegetarian

n. a person who, for moral, religious or health reasons, eats no meat 素食者；素食主义者

e.g. Of the four million people who have become vegetarians in Britain, nearly two-thirds are women.

7. unparalleled

a. so great, etc. that it has no equal 无比的；空前的

e.g. They enjoyed success on a scale unparalleled by any previous pop group.

8. burger

n. (infml) hamburger 汉堡包

9. cuisine

n. (style of) cooking 烹饪（风味）

e.g. I can help you find what you need to know about Italian Cuisine.

10. vegetarianism

n. 素食主义

e.g. Vegetarianism is very popular among young people in Britain, especially among teenage girls.

11. recommendation

n. action of recommending; advice 推荐；建议

e.g. Most schools ask you to provide three letters of recommendation.

12. uncover

vt. discover (sth.) previously secret or unknown 揭露；使被知道

e.g. The investigation uncovered evidence of a large-scale illegal trade in wild birds.

13. chronic

a. (esp. of a disease) lasting for a long time; continually recurring （尤指疾病）慢性的，长期的；连续复发的

e.g. Chronic diseases are among the most common and costly health problems.

14. dietetic

a. 饮食(学)的

e.g. Children who are overweight or underweight may benefit from expert dietetic advice.

15. association

n. 协会；联盟；社团

e.g. the British Medical Association

16. degenerative

a. (of a medical condition) getting or likely to get worse 衰退的，退化的

e.g. We should try to change the situation that led to degenerative disease.

ad. in an outright, direct manner 断然，直截了当地

e.g. He flatly denied that he saw what had happened.

18. biological

a. 生物的

e.g. The biological rhythm of a plant is affected by light and heat.

19. boost

vt. increase the strength or value of (sth.) 增加；提高

e.g. The theatre managed to boost its audiences by cutting ticket prices.

20. nutritional

a. 营养的

e.g. Chemical sweeteners have no nutritional value.

21. drawback

n. disadvantage or problem 不利条件；欠缺；障碍

e.g. One of the drawbacks of living with someone is having to share a bathroom.

22. devoid

a. empty (of); lacking (in) 空的;缺少的

23. devoid of

without (sth.); completely lacking in (sth.) 没有；毫无

e.g. He seems to be devoid of any compassion whatsoever.

24. fiber

n. 纤维

e.g. When shopping, one must be familiar with the calorie and fiber content of all foods.

25. cholesterol

n. 胆固醇

e.g. Cholesterol can be both good and bad, so it's important to learn what cholesterol is.

26. trace

n. very small amount; mark, sign, etc. showing what has existed or happened 极微的量；踪迹；形迹

e.g. Traces of drugs were found in his blood.

27. hormone

n. 激素，荷尔蒙

e.g. Growth hormones make livestock gain weight more quickly on less feed.

28. steroid

n. 类化合物，类固醇

e.g. Many individuals past and present have utilize steroids for athletic prestige.

29. antibiotic

n. 抗菌素，抗生素

e.g. I'm taking antibiotics for a throat infection.

30. notoriety

n. fame for being bad in some way 臭名昭著

e.g. He gained notoriety for murdering eleven women in the north of England.

abbr. Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌

e.g. The E. coli bacteria are eventually mixed into the meat.

32. campylobacter

n. 弯曲菌

e.g. Freezing reduces the number of Campylobacter bacteria present on raw meat.

33. bacteria (singular bacterium)

n. 细菌

e.g. Bacteria grow in a wide variety of conditions.

34. inspection

n. 检验

35. inspect

vt. examine (sth.) closely 检验，检查

e.g. She arrived to make a health and safety inspection of the building.

36. agency

n. a business or organization providing a usu. specified service （行政或智能）机构

e.g. the Central Intelligence Agency

37. infect

vt. (of harmful bacteria, etc.) enter the body of (a person or an animal) and cause disease 传染

e.g. The flu virus infected almost the entire class.

38. salmonella

n. 沙门（氏）菌

39. roulette

n. 轮盘赌

e.g. There are two different types of Roulette wheels: the American Wheel and the European Wheel.

40. unfortunately

ad. regrettably; unluckily 遗憾地；不幸地

e.g. Unfortunately it rained all day.

41. bow

vi. bend the head or body as a sign of respect 俯（首）或欠（身）致敬

42. bow to

submit to (sth.); accept or obey (sth.) 屈服，服从

e.g. Eventually the government was forced to bow to public pressure and reform the tax.

43. marketing

n. 营销

e.g. a marketing strategy

44. dairy

n. place where milk is kept and milk products are made 牛奶场；奶品场

e.g. Many Americans, including some vegetarians, still consume large amounts of dairy products.

45. document

n. paper that gives information, proof, or support of sth. 文件；公文；文献

e.g. Mr. Clark provided a copy of confidential document to a newspaper reporter.

46. retrieve

vt. get (sth.) back 重新得到；取回

e.g. Computers are used to store and retrieve information efficiently.

47. intake

n. the amount or number allowed to enter, or taken in; the process of taking a substance into a body or a machine 吃或吸收的量；吸入；纳入

e.g. If our energy intake balances our energy expenditure, our weight remains stable.

48. lifestyle

n. the way in which an individual or a group lives 生活方式

e.g. He doesn't have a very healthy lifestyle.

49. environmentally

ad. 在环境方面

e.g. Many countries have raised taxes on environmentally destructive products and activities.

50. package

vt. make (sth.) into or put (sth.) in a bag, box, etc. 把…打包；把…装箱；包装

e.g. These organic olives are packaged in recycled glass containers.

51. graze

v. use (land) to feed cattle, etc. 用（地）养牛

e.g. The farmer grazes cattle on this land in the summer months.

52. wetland

n. damp area of land 湿地

e.g. If you visit a wetland and look closely, you will discover some fascinating creatures.

53. grassland

n. land covered with grass, esp. as used for grazing 草原；草地；（尤指）草场

e.g. Did you know that grasslands are found on every continent except Antarctica?

54. decimate

vt. (infml) reduce (sth.) considerably 相当程度地减少

e.g. Populations of endangered animals have been decimated.

55. heighten

v. (cause sth. to) become higher or more intense （使）提高，加强

e.g. This will heighten your enjoyment.

56. topsoil

n. 表土（层）；土壤耕种层

e.g. Roots hold the moisture-absorbing fertile topsoil in place during flooding.

57. fertilizer

n. 肥料

e.g. For centuries, fish have been recognized as an excellent fertilizer source.

58. pesticide

n. 杀虫剂；农药

e.g. Our children are in danger from pesticides.

59. irrigation

n. 灌溉

e.g. Drip irrigation can be a great aid to the efficient use of water.

60. dam

vt. build a dam across (a river, etc.) 建水坝子（河等）

e.g. To dam a river is to build a wall across the river.

61. inefficient

a. (of a machine, process, etc.) not producing adequate results; wasteful 无效率的；不经济的

e.g. Existing methods of production are expensive and inefficient.

62. edible

a. fit or suitable to be eaten 可食用的

e.g. Only the leaves of the plant are edible.

63. flesh

n. 肉；食用肉

e.g. Vegetarians don't eat animal flesh.

64. get out

produce or publish 生产；出版

e.g. The first model of the car has some bad faults, but they've got a better one out now.

65. manure

n. 粪肥

e.g. Manure is an effective nutrient source for crop production.

66. excrete

vt. 排泄；分泌

e.g. Dogs excrete many chemicals most efficiently.

67. ministry

n. （政府的）部

e.g. The Ministry of Health will strive to become a highly reputable health service organization.

68. groundwater

n. 地下水

e.g. Groundwater lies almost everywhere below the earth's surface.

69. survey

n. 调查；测量；概括论述

e.g. A recent survey found that 58% of people did not know where their heart is.

70. contaminate

vt. pollute (sth.) by dirt, chemicals, or radiation so that it becomes impure or harmful 污染

e.g. Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.

71. run-off

n. （生产过程中）排出的废物

72. fecal

a. 粪便的，排泄物的

e.g. The goal of this study was to determine sources of fecal pollution in the river.

73. coliform

a. 大肠杆菌的

74. nitrate

n. 硝酸盐类化肥

e.g. Excessive levels of nitrate in drinking water have caused serious illness.

75. lay/bring/press charges against

accuse (sb.) formally of a crime 正式控告（某人）

e.g. There wasn't enough evidence to lay charges against Kate Grey.

76. feedlot

n. （喂肥备宰牲畜的）围栏育肥地

e.g. feedlot manure management

77. operator

n. （厂、矿、农场等的）经营者；操作者

e.g. tour operator

78. litre

n. 升

e.g. 40 litres of gas

79. methane

n. 甲烷, 沼气

e.g. Methane is a colorless, odorless gas with a wide distribution in nature.

80. warming

n. 暖和，温暖

e.g. This map illustrates the local consequences of global warming.

81. depletion

n. 削减；消耗

e.g. Increased expenditure has caused a depletion in our funds.

82. deplete

vt. reduce greatly the quantity, size, power or value of (sth.) 大量削减（某物）的数量

83. exclude

vt. ignore as a consideration; leave (sth.) out; not to include (sth.) 不予考虑；将…排除在外；不包括

e.g. We can't exclude the possibility that he is dead.

84. livestock

n. animals kept on a farm for use or profit, e.g. cattle or sheep （总称）家畜，牲畜

e.g. livestock production

85. Pulitzer prize-nominated

a. 获普利策提名奖的

86. nominate

vt. 提名

e.g. This Pulitzer prize-nominated play depicts a painfully real and funny slice of life in a remote village.

87. potent

a. very effective and powerful 有效的；威力大的

e.g. This is a very potent drug and can have unpleasant side-effects.

88. factory-farmed

a. 工厂化的农场

e.g. She has seen how factory-farmed animals suffer from birth to slaughter.

89. unnatural

a. not natural or normal 不自然的；不正常的

e.g. Her reaction was unnatural when she saw the dead motorcyclist in the hospital.

90. stubborn

a. determined not to change one's attitude or position 顽固的，倔强的

e.g. He's sick, but he's too stubborn to see a doctor.

91. squeal

vi. Make a long high-pitched cry or sound 发出长而尖的叫声

e.g. The two children squealed with joy.

92. chase

vt. run after (sb. / sth.) in order to catch them 追逐，追赶

e.g. The police car was going so fast, it must have been chasing someone.

93. calipers

n. 卡钳

e.g. Electric calipers are designed for a variety of vehicles.

94. look on

watch (sth.) without becoming involved in it oneself 旁观

e.g. Demonstrators tore down the statue as police calmly looked on.

95. utter

a. complete 完全的，十足的

e.g. The meeting was a complete and utter waste of time.

96. hoist

vt. lift (sth.) to a higher position, usually using ropes （用绳等）提升

e.g. A helicopter hoisted the final section of the bridge into place.

97. upside down

with the upper part underneath instead of on top 颠倒；倒转

e.g. The picture is hanging upside down.

98. hind

a. (of the legs of an animal with four legs) situated at the back 后面的，后部的

e.g. an animal's hind legs

99. foreman

n. a worker who supervises and directs other workers 工头，领班

e.g. Should your foreman drink with his crew?

100. conveyor

n. 传送带

e.g. The company offers a wide range of conveyor belt products.

101. come second to

be less important than 不如…重要

e.g. Feeding a child shouldn't come second to working.

102. sub-zero

a. below zero 零度以下的

e.g. a sub-zero sleeping bag

103. piglet

n. young pig 小猪

104. snort

vi. 喷鼻息作声，发哼声（表示轻蔑等）

e.g. We ran when the bull began to snort.

105. rooster

n. 公鸡

e.g. The rooster is actually a male chicken.

106. strut

vt. walk in an upright, proud way 趾高气扬地走

e.g. The boys strutted around trying to get the attention of a group of girls who were nearby.

107. barnyard

n. 粮仓的空地

e.g. Farm animals are moving about the barnyard.

108. modernize

vt. make (sth.) suitable for modern needs; bring up to date 使现代化

e.g. To modernize anything is to bring it up to date.

109. veal

n. （食用的）小牛肉；食用小牛

110. calf

n. 小牛，牛犊

111. veal calf

肉用小牛

e.g.The veal calf is taken away from its mother right after it is born.

112. crate

n. 板条箱, 柳条箱

e.g. Pigs who are confined to crates cannot move and cannot turn around.

113. ignore

vt. take no notice of (sb. / sth.) 忽视；不理，不顾

e.g. Safety regulations are being ignored by company managers in the drive to increase profits.

114. appetite

n. 食欲，胃口

e.g. All that walking has given me an appetite.

Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English, using a cognate object:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A cognate object refers to an event indicated by the verb.

e.g. ...today's factory-farmed animals live short, miserable, unnatural lives. (Text A, Unit 2, Book V)

...more than 3 million Canadian farm animals die slow and painful deaths en route to slaughter each year. (Text A, Unit 2, Book V)

In this type of object, the noun head is semantically and often morphologically related to the verb. Its semantic function is to repeat, wholly or partially, the meaning of the verb. The noun is generally modified. The verb and the object are then equivalent to the verb and a corresponding adverbial:

e.g. They fought a clean fight. =They fought cleanly.

The cognate object is, however, confined to certain set expressions such as those mentioned above.

1) I asked her why she didn't make use of her talent and (唱一首流行歌曲) on the graduation day.

Tip: Study the related information provided above.

Answer: sing a pop song

2) Uncle Tom, the long-suffering slave in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, (死得悲惨).

Tip: Study the related information provided above.

Answer: died a miserable death

3) We still have to learn how to (过和谐的生活), not only with other people but also with the environment.

Tip: Study the related information provided above.

Answer: live a harmonious life

4) (深深地吸了口气), he ran up to take the penalty kick (罚点球).

Tip: Study the related information provided above.

Answer: Breathing a deep breath

5) I (做了个恶梦) last night in which I was running through the forest, and being chased by a bear.

Tip: Study the related information provided above.

Answer: dreamed a bad dream

6) My friend (苦笑了一下) when I asked her whether she'd found all the money she'd lost.

Tip: Study the related information provided above.

Answer: smiled a bitter smile

7) Black people have (进行艰苦斗争) before they win real equality.

Tip: Study the related information provided above.

Answer: a hard fight to fight

※ Translate the following passage into English, using the words and phrases given below:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[+] Model:

recommendation ideal document intake

intake chronic stubborn heighten

association boost

一项又一项的研究发现,食物和一些慢性病之间有密切关系。例如：某些慢性病危险的降低和多吃以植物为基本成分的食物是相联系的。因此，在过去的十年中，美国饮食协会敦促美国人减少动物脂肪的摄取，增加水果、蔬菜和谷物的消费。同时，美国农业部发布了包括食物指导金字塔在内的文件，鼓励人们每天至少吃三道蔬菜和两份水果。但是许多美国人还是没有按照这些建议去做。彼德就是一个很好的例子。他因摄入过量的动物脂肪患了心血管病。尽管医生建议他吃有益于健康的食物，诸如吃以植物为主的食物，但是他非常固执，从不采纳。他说他无法抵挡有肉菜肴的诱惑，他的理想饮食一定要包含肉。人们没有意识到多吃以植物为主的食物的必要性，这使政府更加担心。他们正在发起新的运动，以提高人们这方面的认识。今天你吃了多少水果和蔬菜呢？

Answer:

Study after study has uncovered the fact that there is a close correlation between food and a number of chronic diseases. For example, a decreased risk of certain chronic diseases is associated with an increased consumption of plant-based foods. Therefore, in the past decade, the American Dietetic Association has urged Americans to reduce their intake of animal fats, and to boost consumption of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Meanwhile, the United States Department of Agriculture has released a document containing the food guide pyramid which encourages a minimum of 3 vegetables and 2 fruit servings per day. However, many Americans still don't meet / listen to these recommendations. A good case in point is Peter. He developed a cardiovascular disease due to an excessive intake of animal fats. Although his doctor suggested he should adopt a healthy diet, such as eating plant-based foods, he was too stubborn to listen. He said he couldn't resist the temptation of dishes with meat and that meat would always feature prominently in his ideal diet. People's lack of awareness of the need to eat more plant-based foods has heightened the government's concern and it is launching a new campaign to increase public awareness in this area. Well, how much fruit and vegetable have you eaten today?

现代大学英语精读2Unit9课后翻译句子答案

Unit9 1.Mr. Lin has always concerned about the desertification. I fully agree with him that this is a serious concern as regard as our environmental protection. 2.The government spokesman expressed deep concern for the two Chinese engineers who were recently taken hostage by the pirates. 3.It is hard to visualize how we can protect the dam from enemy attack. 4.Freedom of religion means not only that people can pursue different faiths. It also means that they the right not to have any religion. 5.We teachers usually meet once every week to compare notes about the teaching. 6.The situation of this area is very delicate. No country should be allowed to do anything to threaten the precarious balance. 7.To be adequate as a translator, we must have a good command of both the foreign language and Chinese. And I consider myself terribly inadequate in this aspect. 8.However we differ in our opinion, we must face the challenge together.

英语课后翻译答案新

U n i t1 1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静，但是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。

大学英语Unit 1 课文翻译

学外语 学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历之一。虽然时常遭遇挫折，但却非常有价值。 我学外语的经历始于初中的第一堂英语课。老师很慈祥耐心，时常表扬学生。由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种问题，从不怕答错。两年中，我的成绩一直名列前茅。 到了高中后，我渴望继续学习英语。然而，高中时的经历与以前大不相同。以前，老师对所有的学生都很耐心，而新老师则总是惩罚答错的学生。每当有谁回答错了，她就会用长教鞭指着我们，上下挥舞大喊：“错！错！错！”没有多久，我便不再渴望回答问题了。我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。 好在这种情况没持续多久。到了大学，我了解到所有学生必须上英语课。与高中老师不同，大学英语老师非常耐心和蔼，而且从来不带教鞭！不过情况却远不尽如人意。由于班大，每堂课能轮到我回答的问题寥寥无几。上了几周课后，我还发现许多同学的英语说得比我要好得多。我开始产生一种畏惧感。虽然原因与高中时不同，但我却又一次不敢开口了。看来我的英语水平要永远停步不前了。 直到几年后我有机会参加远程英语课程，情况才有所改善。这种课程的媒介是一台电脑、一条电话线和一个调制解调器。我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术，于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。 网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律，以跟上课程进度。我尽力达到课程的最低要求，并按时完成作业。 我随时随地都在学习。不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。我学习中出过许多错，有时是令人尴尬的错误。有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧，因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我说起英语来灵活自如。尽管我还是常常出错，还有很多东西要学，但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。 学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且让我了解了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。学习一门外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。与人交谈是我最喜欢的一项活动，新的语言使我能与陌生人交往，参与他们的谈话，并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。由于我已能说英语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。我能够参与其中，并结交朋友。我能与人交流，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。

大学英语精读1课文翻译

大学英语精读1课文翻译 Unit1 Some Strategies or Learning English 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说 "我对英语感兴趣"是"I'm interested in English"，而说"我精于法语"则是"I'm good at French"？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说"获悉消息或秘密"是"learn the news or secret"，而"获悉某人的成功或到来"却是"learn of someone's success or arrival"？这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后再反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。 4．抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读，因为这在任何时间，任何地方，不需要搭档就可以做到。例如，你可以看着图片或身边的物件，试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后，假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家，试着用英语把它表演出来。

综合英语1课后翻译答案

Unit 1 1.他对这次面试中可能提到的问题作好了准备。（confront） He has prepared answers to the questions that he may confront during the interview. 2.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声来。（touch） His sad experience touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。(hand in hand) The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing. 4.听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。(well up) When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。(in common) People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在3年内买一幢新房子。(look into) Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。（give in to） He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。（lock away） We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相帮助。(part) Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we used to. 10.在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。（summon） At the critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.一个由外交部长率领的政府代表团昨天抵达南非，开始对该国进行为期3天的友好访问。（head） A government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa yesterday, starting a three-day friendly visit to the country. 2.看看这些讽刺社会弊端的漫画实在好笑。（awfully funny） It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills. 3.计算机是最有用的教学工具之一，所有的功课以及所有的问题和答案都可在屏幕上显示出来。（show on a screen） Computers are one of the most useful teaching tools, for all your lessons as well as all the questions and all the answers can be shown on a screen. 4.张利的母亲前天突然病倒，他赶紧派人请来医生。（send for） Zhang Li’s mother fell ill the day before yesterday, so he sent for a doctor immediately.

大学英语第一册课文翻译

新编大学英语（第二版）第一册阅读文参考译文 Unit One 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而他们却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，她的双腿被炸伤。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。如果不立即采取行动，显然她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要相配血型的血。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适，而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有相配的血型。 5 这位医生会讲一点越南语，忽视会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们（只是）瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴又摇了摇头。

[实用参考]大学英语精读第三版第四册课文及课文翻译.doc

Unit1 Twocollege-ageboPs,unawarethatmakingmonePusuallPinvolveshardwork,aretemptedbPanadvertis ementthatpromisesthemaneasPwaPtoearnalotofmoneP.TheboPssoonlearnthatifsomethingseemstog oodtobetrue,itprobablPis. 一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动，被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。男孩们很快就明白，如果事情看起来好得不像真的，那多半确实不是真的。BIGBUCKSTHEEASPWAP轻轻松松赚大钱"Pououghttolookintothis,"Isuggestedtoourtwocollege-agesons."ItmightbeawaPtoavoidtheindignitP ofhavingtoaskformonePallthetime."Ihandedthemsomemagazinesinaplasticbagsomeonebadhungon ourdoorknob.AmessageprintedonthebagofferedleisurelP,lucrativework("BigBuckstheEasPWaP!")o fdeliveringmoresuchbags. “你们该看看这个，”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话，这兴许是一种办法。”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。塑料袋上印着一条信息说，需要招聘人投递这样的袋子，这活儿既轻松又赚钱。（“轻轻松松赚大钱!”） "Idon'tmindtheindignitP,"theolderoneanswered.“我不在乎失不失尊严，”大儿子回答说。"Icanlivewithit,"hisbrotheragreed.“我可以忍受，”他的弟弟附和道。"Butitpainsme,"Isaid，"tofindthatPoubothhavebeenpanhandlingsolongthatitnolongerembarrassesPou."“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子，真使我痛心，”我说。TheboPssaidthePwouldlookintothemagazine-deliverPthing.Pleased,Ilefttownonabusinesstrip.BPmi dnightIwascomfortablPsettledinahotelroomfarfromhome.Thephonerang.ItwasmPwife.Shewantedt oknowhowmPdaPhadgone.孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。我听了很高兴，便离城出差去了。午夜时分，我已远离家门，在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。电话铃响了，是妻子打来的。她想知道我这一天过得可好。 "Great!"Ienthused."HowwasPourdaP?"Iinquired.“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。“你过得怎么样?”我问道。 "Super!"Shesnapped."Justsuper!Andit'sonlPgettingstarted.Anothertruckjustpulledupoutfront."“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。”"Anothertruck?"“又一辆卡车?” "Thethirdonethisevening.ThefirstdeliveredfourthousandMontgomerPWards.Thesecondbroughtfour thousandSears,Roebucks.Idon'tknowwhatthisonehas,butI'msureitwillbefourthousandofsomething.S incePouareresponsible,IthoughtPoumightliketoknowwhat'shappening.“今晚第三辆了。第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告；第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。我不知道这一辆装的啥，但我肯定又是四千份什么的。既然这事是你促成的，我想你或许想了解事情的进展。” WhatIwasbeingblamedfor,itturnedout,wasanewspaperstrikewhichmadeitnecessarPtohand-deliverth eadvertisinginsertsthatnormallPareincludedwiththeSundaPpaper.ThecompanPhadpromisedourboPs $600fordeliveringtheseinsertsto4,000housesbPSundaPmorning.我之所以受到指责，事情原来是这样：由于发生了一起报业工人罢工，通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页，必须派人直接投送出去。公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金，任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。 "Pieceofcake!"ouroldercollegesonhadshouted.“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。"SiGhundredbucks!"Hisbrotherhadechoed,"Andwecandothejobintwohours!"“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道，“我们两个钟点就能干完!” "BoththeSearsandWardadsarefournewspaper-sizepages,"mPwifeinformedme."TherearethirtP-twot housandpagesofadvertisingonourporch.Evenaswespeak,twobigguPsarecarrPingarmloadsofpaperup thewalk.Whatdowedoaboutallthis?"“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页，”妻子告诉我说，“现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。就在我们说话的当儿，两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。这么多广告，我们可怎么办?”"JusttelltheboPstogetbusP,"Iinstructed."TheP'recollegemen.TheP'lldowhatthePhavetodo."“你让孩子们快干，”我指示说。“他们都是大学生了。他们自己的事得由他们自己去做。”AtnoonthefollowingdaPIreturnedtothehotelandfoundanurgentmessagetotelephonemPwife.Hervoic

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大学英语课文翻译及习 题答案 标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]

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