汉译英课件

主语的选择

Warming-up:

世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

China’s diplomatic activities were unprecedentedly frequent at the turn of the century. China performed unprecedentedly active in diplomacy at the turn of the century.

The turn of the century found China most active on the diplomatic arena.

Part 1:定语译作主语

他的身材魁梧，生一张大长方脸。

He is a giant of a man with a long square face.

这种汽车的耗油量比那种汽车的耗油量多3倍。

This type of car uses three times more fuel than that type of car does.

这间办公室的空调装好了。

This office has been installed with an air conditioner.

懒惰的人不会成功。

Laziness makes it impossible for one to succeed.

Part 2: 谓语动词译作主语

她看见这张照片就会想起30年前的往事。

The sight of the photo reminds her of the memory 30 years ago.

她见到血就恶心。

The very sight of blood makes her sick.

在那些日子里，只要一提起她丈夫的名字，她就伤心痛苦。

In those days even the mention of her husband’s name brought her to the verge of tears.

医生迅速到达，并仔细检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。

The doctor’s prompt arrival and careful examination of the patient brought his speedy recovery.

Part 3: 表语译作主语

千百万人民的实践才是检验真理的唯一标准。

The only criteria for truth is the practice of millions of people.

任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。

Substance is anything having weight and taking space.

Part 4: 宾语译作主语

用塑料可以制成各种各样的生活必需品。

All sorts of life necessities can be made from plastics.

欢迎各位提出宝贵意见。

Any comment and advice from you is welcomed/valued.

侦探突然注意到了地上的血迹。

The bloodstain on the floor suddenly caught the detective’s attention.

现在生物移植技术已取得了很大进展。

Up till now much progress has been made in bio-tranplant technology.

Part 5: 增补主语:

1.It is +V过去分词+that

人们常说：“人非圣贤，孰能无过。”

It is usually said that ，“to err is to human.”

众所周知，中国人在4000年前就发明了指南针。

It is well known that compass was invented in China 4000 years ago.

人家也许会认为，我做这一切是为了巴结上司。

It might be thought that I did all this to flatter my boss.

There be 句型

他今天举止有些反常。

There is something strange in his behavior today.

两年前，一万名工人参加了一场罢工。

There was a strike participated in by ten thousand workers two years ago.

过去几年里，我国各地对各种消费品的需求量已明显增加。

There has been a significant increase in the demand for all kinds of consumer goods all over our country in the past years.

对于这个问题，国际上议论纷纷。

There are various opinions on this question both at home and abroad.

There are heated discussion on this question all over the world.

Practice:

在许多化合物中都含有氢。

空旷的田野上，荡起了她甜甜的笑声。

楼的质量不好。

中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。

Hydrogen is found in many compounds.

The wilderness sound her sweet laughter rising and falling like waves.

The building was not well constructed.

A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any country.

中国的人均农业土地面积比不上世界上许多国家。

该厂产品的特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。

必须特别强调我国某些城市环境污染的严重性。

热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此建立和发展贸易关系。

China compares unfavorably with many other countries in terms of per capita agricultural land.

The products of this factory are characterized by their fine workmanship and durability. Special emphasis must be given to (the gravity of) environmental problems in some big cities of our country.

Customers from various parts of the world are welcome to establish and develop business contacts.

他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快就赢得了大家的信任.

农民缺乏训练，许多农场生产率低下，这就使大多数农民处于贫困的境地.

哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界，科学界，文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。

His straightforwardness and willingness to make friends with anyone won him the trust from others soon.

Inadequate training of peasants and low proficiency of some farms led to the poverty of the majority of peasants.

China’s educational, scientific and cultural circles have been maintaining academic exchanges with Harvard, one of earliest American universities accepting Chinese students.

谓语的选择

阿德莱德（Adelaide）属地中海型气候。

市内有精美的早期建筑物多处。

这事到了现在，还时时记起。

月亮渐渐地升高了，墙外马路上孩子们的欢笑，已经听不见了。

Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.

There are many fine examples of early architecture in the city.

Even now, this remains fresh in my memory.

A full moon rising high in the sky, the laughter of children playing on the road outside the wall had died away.

他是我父亲。

这姑娘是漂亮。

此人是书就读。

是可忍，孰不可忍？

是古非今九寨沟风光，却又是另一番景象了。

树梢上隐隐约约的是一带远山。

He is my father.

The girl is really beautiful.

This man reads every book he can reach.

If this can be tolerated, what cannot?

Praise the past to condemn the present.

Jiuzhaigou presents another view.

Over the branches appear some distant mountains.

南京，她有层出不穷的风流人物和彪炳千秋的不朽业绩。

Nanjing has witnessed the continuous emergence of many distinguished talents and noble hearts as well as monumental achievements.

这面铜镜与普通铜镜一样，背面有图案，还有铭文。

Like ordinary bronze mirrors it bears patterns and inscriptions on the back.

寺前有一溶洞，寺后有一石碑。

A limestone cave lies in front of the temple, and a stone tablet was erected/stands behind.

北海公园的总面积共有68.2公顷。

Beihai( North Lake) Park covers an area of 68.2 hectares.

如果你留下来，我也留下来。

小马也就30来岁，脸上还瘦。

她怎么好好的就自杀了？说来也怪。

他对事情的进展也还满意。

If you stay, I will, too.

Xiao Ma is no more than 30, with a very lean face.

Why should she have committed suicide with no reason? It’s rather odd.

He is quite satisfied with the way things went

说来话长。

他的名字我一时说不上来。

你三天没交作业，这可说不过去。

It’s a long story.

I can not tell his name at the moment.

You’ve failed to hand in your homework 3 days in a row, it’s really inexcusable.

他两岁时就学会看表了。

我能看出你在想什么。

你要是觉得这东西还看得过去，就买下吧。

He could tell watch even when he was two.

I can read your mind.

If you think its all right, then buy it.

你要订哪种杂志？

这本书我们没有货，但是可以帮你订。

你能帮我把这份讲义订起来吗？

Which journal do you subscribe to?

We don’t have the book in stock, but we can order it.

Would you please bind this handout for me?

司机听不懂我的话。

他很懂礼貌。

干部必须懂政策。

The driver couldn’t understand me.

He has good manners.

Cadres must have a good grasp of policies.

那件大衣的面子很漂亮。

如果怕丢面子，就说不好英语。

不是我不买你面子，这件事实在不好办。

The outer part of the coat is beautiful.

If one is afraid of losing face,…….

I’d be happy to defer your wishes, but there is really nothing I can do about it. Practice:

我又闲了一个多月啦。

海水一天天冲刷着陆地。

世界上只有海水取之不尽，用之不竭。

这一切使人感到古代的和谐气氛

I’ve been idle for another month now.

Another month now and I’ve had no work.

Day by day the sea is eating the land.

In the world only sea waster is inexhaustible.

All this suggested ancient harmonies.

无主句的处理

留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

There is no need to worry about firewood as long as green hills remain.

译为祈使句

今天能做的事不要拖到明天。

Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

添补主语

只有发生奇迹才能挽救公司倒闭的命运。

Only a miracle can save the company from bankrupt.

还看不出他能胜任此项工作。

Nothing suggests that he is competent for such a task.

被动句

已经采取措施减少交通事故。

Measures have been taken to reduce traffic accidents.

对于此事，请从速处理。

Immediate action is required for the issue.

必须建立公正解决国际分歧的机构。

Machinery for the just settlement of international disputes must be established.

倒装句

（随信）附有几张近照。

Enclosed are some recent pictures.

远处可以看到一个波光粼粼的湖面，周围长满松树。

In the far distance is a gliterring lake surrounded by pine woods.

Practice

在很多国家，很少向权威提出质疑。

为什么把这些麻烦事推给我呢？

桌子上放着一本最近一期的《中国翻译》。

从远处偶尔传来枪声。

在合同中，详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。

Authority is seldom questioned in many countries.

Why should all the troubles be pushed on to me?

On the table lay a latest Chinese Translators Journal.

From the distance came occasional shots.

In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were listed in detail.

中国是一个有着5000 多年悠久历史的文明古国。

长期以来，中国人民以自己的勤劳智慧创造了灿烂的中华文明，为人类文明进步作出了重大贡献。

北京就是一座有3000多年悠久历史的文明古城，800多年前北京开始建都。

离今晚会场人民大会堂不远的地方，就是举世闻名的故宫。故宫始建于600年前，是世界上现存最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。从历史悠久的北京和建筑精美的故宫

这些缩影中，人们就能够生动地感受到中华文明源远流长、博大精深的深厚底蕴，感受到中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进的壮阔历程。

China is a country with a long history of 5000 years of ancient civilization.

Since long ago, the Chinese people with their diligence wisdom, created the splendid civilization and has made a significant contribution to the progress of human civilization Beijing is a 3000 years old city with a long history of civilization and became to be capital in 800 years ago.

From the Great Hall of the people near the world-famous is Forbidden City. The Forbidden City was built in 600 years ago. It is the world's largest and most complete existing ancient palace building complex. From the long history of the Beijing and the epitome of the Forbidden City, people will be able to vividly feel the broad and profound Chinese civilization has a long history.

一项民意调查显示：与很多贫穷国家相比，英国人的幸福指数较低，却使用了过多的地球资源，英国人的幸福指数在世界排名74位，位居格鲁吉亚及缅甸之后。

British people are less satisfied with life than many in poorer countries and use too many of the earth's resources, according to a poll that ranks Britain 74th in the world below Georgia and Burma.

全球幸福指数衡量的是不同国家人们的平均寿命，幸福感及环境问题，而不是衡量GDP.

Rather than measure Gross Domestic Product or GDP, the Happy Planet Index or HPI measures life expectancy, happiness and the environmental impact of different nations.

排名前十的不是世界上最富有的国家，而是拉丁美洲，亚洲及加勒比地区的中等收入国家，在那些国家，人们的生活满意度较低，碳排放量较低。

The top ten countries are not the richest nations but middle income countries in Latin America, Asia or the Caribbean where there is a high level of life satisfaction and low carbon footprint.

在参与排名的143个国家中，英国排名74位，位居排名72位的格鲁吉亚之后。欧盟国家中排名最前的是荷兰，排名43位，紧随其后的是德国和法国，分别位居51和71位。

The UK comes in at 74 out of 143 countries behind Georgia at 72. The highest ranking country in the EU was the Netherlands at 43 followed by Germany at 51 and France at 71.

美国排名114位，加拿大和澳大利亚分别位居89位和102位。平均寿命和幸福感较低的津巴布韦和一些贫穷的非洲国家排名垫底。

The United States, was ranked at 114, Canada at 89 and Australia at 102. Zimbabwe and other poor African nations, where life expectancy and happiness is low, came bottom of the table.

教授的愿望

一位教授和两名学生走在去实验室的路上。他们捡到一个五彩斑斓的瓶子。

打开瓶口，只见瓶中冒出一股股白烟，汇聚成一个巨大的妖怪站立在半空中。妖怪对他们说：“我被关在瓶子里几千年了，多亏你们把我放了出来。为了报答你们，现在我可以满足你们每人一个愿望。”

于是第一个学生急不可耐地说：“我要到天堂去，在那里做一个会飞的天使。”话音刚落，他就消失了。

第二个学生想了一会儿说道：“我要住在阿尔卑斯山脚下的城堡里，当一个无忧无虑的快乐王子。”他也转眼就消失了。

于是妖怪转向教授，教授边走边说：“五分钟之后让他们俩到实验室等我。”

The Professor’s Wish

On their way to the laboratory, a professor and his two students found a colorful bottle. They opened it, from which rose clouds of white smoke that formed a gigantic genie standing in the air. The genie said to them, “I’ve been imprisoned in this bottle for thousands of years. Thank you for setting me free. To repay your kindness, I will satisfy one wish from each of you.”

The first student anxiously said, “I want to go to heaven to be a flying angel there.”Hardly had he finished his words when he disappeared.

After thinking for a while, the second student said, “I’d like to be a happy prince free from care, living in a castle at the foot of the Alps.”He also disappeared in a flash.

Then the genie turned to the professor who went on walking while saying,“I want them to be waiting for me in the lab five minutes later.”

笔译汉译英

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The manager said that he would like us to go to Hai Nan and get the lay of the land there before deciding on the investment. 7.掌上明珠the apple of someone’s eye 玲玲是她爷爷的掌上明珠 Ling Ling is the apple of her grandpa’s eye. 8.让人恶心turn one’s stomach / make one sick 听她讲话，看她和男人讲话的那股劲头儿真让我恶心。 Listening to her and seeing the way of her talking with men really turns my stomach. 9. 惹麻烦了be in a jam 小张这次可惹麻烦了，昨天他又让警察给逮着了。 Xiao Zhang’s in a jam now. He was copped out again by the police yesterday. 10.关系很好be on good terms with 据说老张和那个部长的关系特别好 It’s said that Lao Zhang is on very good terms with the minister. 11.甜头儿sugar plum 如果不尝到点甜头儿，她是不会干那种事的 She wouldn’t do that if she hadn’t got sort of sugar plum. 12.什么都敢赌can bet one’s bottom dollar 她绝对不会和他结婚的，这个我什么都敢赌。 I can bet my bottom dollar that she won’t marry him for anything. 13.美中不足a fly in the ointment 我喜欢那套房子，但美中不足的是离上班的地方太远。

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主语的选择 Warming-up: 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 China’s diplomatic activities were unprecedentedly frequent at the turn of the century. China performed unprecedentedly active in diplomacy at the turn of the century. The turn of the century found China most active on the diplomatic arena. Part 1:定语译作主语 他的身材魁梧，生一张大长方脸。 He is a giant of a man with a long square face. 这种汽车的耗油量比那种汽车的耗油量多3倍。 This type of car uses three times more fuel than that type of car does. 这间办公室的空调装好了。 This office has been installed with an air conditioner. 懒惰的人不会成功。 Laziness makes it impossible for one to succeed. Part 2: 谓语动词译作主语 她看见这张照片就会想起30年前的往事。 The sight of the photo reminds her of the memory 30 years ago. 她见到血就恶心。 The very sight of blood makes her sick. 在那些日子里，只要一提起她丈夫的名字，她就伤心痛苦。 In those days even the mention of her husband’s name brought her to the verge of tears. 医生迅速到达，并仔细检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。 The doctor’s prompt arrival and careful examination of the patient brought his speedy recovery. Part 3: 表语译作主语 千百万人民的实践才是检验真理的唯一标准。 The only criteria for truth is the practice of millions of people. 任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。 Substance is anything having weight and taking space.

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汉译英教程 第一章汉英语言对比 第一节汉英词汇对比 一、词汇语义对比 各民族都是通过词汇把自己心目的世界分解成无数概念，词汇越丰富，对世界的认识也就越精细。汉语和英语虽属不同语系，特点迥异，但都有丰富的词汇量。在汉英语言对比研究中，人们发现了大量的对应词语，这是汉英翻译的语言基础。 但是，由于自然环境、思维方式、社会历史、文化传统的不同，两种语言中存在许多不相对应的词语，主要表现为词语的空缺(无对应)和词义的差别(部分对应)。例如山 hill(小山, 丘陵)，mountain(高山;山岳,山脉) 鸡 hen(母鸡) ，chick(小鸡) ， cock(公鸡)， rooster(雄禽, <主美>公鸡) 青 green ，blue 借 lend(借给) ， borrow(借入) 兔 hare(野兔)，rabbit(家兔) 鼠 mouse(耗子)， rat(老鼠) 乌鸦 rayen(渡乌)，crow(乌鸦) 你，您 you 江，河 river 父，母 parent 兄，弟 brother 枪，炮 gun 嫁，娶 marry 叔，伯 uncle 上列两词语左右两端都不完全对应。从汉英翻译的角度讲，第一组右端的单个英文词无法传达出汉语的概括意义;第二组右边的英文词又无法精确地限定左边词语所表达的具体含义。这些不对应现象给汉英翻译造成一定的可译度障碍，需要通过适当的翻译技巧加以克服。如 1、舅舅从桌上把花瓶拿去了。

Mother's brother has taken the vase away from the table. 2、我属蛇。 I was born in the Chinese lunar year of the snake. 单词:lunar 阴历的 二、词汇的语法对比 语言中单个词的语法归类称为该词的词性，一种语言中共有多少种词性叫做该语言的词类。汉语的词类 实词类:名词、动词、形容词、数词和量词、代词、副词 虚词类:连词、介词、叹词、助词 英语的词类 实词类:名词、动词、形容词、数词、代词、副词 虚词类:连词、介词、叹词、冠词 1、两种语言词类划分的异同显而易见。 (1)英语的冠词和汉语的量词分别为各自所独有，而没有直接对应。 (2)汉英中名词、动词、实容词三大实词类基本对应，虚词中的介词、连词也基本对应。 (3)汉语的助词是个特殊的词类，它包括结构助词、时态助词、语气助词等，英语虽无此类助词，但其动词的时态与体式，句式的陈述与疑问，词语之间的修饰关系都分别与汉语的助词的功能相对应。 (4)英语的副词较复杂，只有一小部分能与汉语的副词相当(程度、疑问、时间、范围、连接副词等)。汉语中也没有英语的关系(代、副)词，但关系词在词义上相当于名词，所以汉语的名词、代词有时译成英语的关系词。 (5)汉语名词中的方位名词在语义上与英语的介词有共通之处。 2、从数量上比较，也可发现汉英词类的不同特点。

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第二十八届韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛原文 英译汉竞赛原文： On Irritability Irritability is the tendency to get upset for reasons that seem – to other people – to be pretty minor. Your partner asks you how work went and the way they ask makes you feel intensely agitated. Your partner is putting knives and forks on the table before dinner and you mention (not for the first time) that the fork should go on the left hand side, not the right. They then immediately let out a huge sigh and sweep the cutlery onto the floor and tell you that you can xxxx-ing do it yourself if you know better. It was the most minor of criticisms and technically quite correct. And now they’ve exploded. There is so much irritability around and it exacts a huge daily cost on our collective lives, so we deserve to get a lot more curious about it: what is really going on for the irritable person? Why, really, are they getting so agitated? And instead of blaming them for getting het up about “little things”, we should do them the honour of working out why, in fact, the se things may not be so minor after all. The journey begins by recognising the role of fear in irritability in couples. Behind most outbursts are cack-handed attempts to teach the other person something. There are things we’d like to point out, flaws that we can discern, remarks we feel we really must make, but our awareness of how to proceed is panicked and hasty. We give cack-handed, mean speeches, which bear no faith in the legitimacy (even the nobility) of the act of imparting advice. And when our partners are on the receiving end of these irritable “lessons”, they of course swiftly grow defensive and brittle in the face of suggestions which seem more like mean-minded and senseless assaults on their very natures rather than caring, gentle attempts to address troublesome aspects of joint life. The prerequisite of calm in a teacher is a degree of indifference as to the success or failure of the lesson. One naturally wants for things to go well, but if an obdurate pupil flunks trigonometry, it is – at base – their problem. Tempers can stay even because individual students do not have very much power over teachers’ lives. Fortunately, as not caring too much turns out to be a critical aspect of successful pedagogy. Yet this isn’t an option open to the fearfu l, irritable lover. They feel ineluctably led to deliver their “lessons” in a cataclysmic, frenzied manner (the door slams very loudly indeed) not because they are insane or vile (though one could easily draw these conclusions) so much as because they are terrified; terrified of spoiling what remains of their years on the planet in the company of someone who it appears cannot in any way understand a pivotal point about conversation, or cutlery, or the right time to order a taxi. One knows intuitively, when teaching a child, that only the utmost care and patience will ever work: one must never shout, one has to use extraordinary tact, one has to make ten compliments